Orthogonal signal generation device

Abstract

The invention provides an orthogonal signal generation device, which is applied to the technical field of integrated circuits and comprises a first inductance coil, an input port for receiving an input signal and a straight-through port for outputting an access signal, and the input signal flows along an anticlockwise path in the first inductance coil; the second inductance coil is arranged on the periphery of the first inductance coil on the same layer; the second inductance coil is used for generating induction current under the action of the alternating magnetic field of the first inductance coil; the induction current flows from the isolation port to the coupling port along a clockwise path in the second inductance coil; an output signal of the coupling port and an output signal of the straight-through port jointly form an orthogonal signal; the first inductance coil and the second inductance coil are coupled in a side edge parallel mode, the lower limit of the distance between the first inductance coil and the second inductance coil is the minimum distance allowed by the process rule, and capacitive coupling between the first inductance coil and the second inductance coil is equivalent to coupling capacitance. According to the invention, the orthogonal signal quality can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of radio frequency integrated circuit technology, and in particular to an orthogonal signal generation device. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of radio frequency integrated circuit technology, passive structures are often used in orthogonal signal generation structures due to their superior linearity, zero power consumption, and frequency scalability.

[0003] However, cascaded resistor-capacitor structures inherently suffer from signal loss and narrow bandwidth due to the resistive elements in the signal path, especially at millimeter-wave frequencies. They are also susceptible to source impedance and load termination, limiting their use. Cascading multiple resistors and capacitors introduces further losses, creating a trade-off between increased signal loss and reduced bandwidth.

[0004] It is evident that the orthogonal signal generation method in related technologies suffers from poor signal quality due to the cascading of multiple resistors and capacitors. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an orthogonal signal generation device to solve the defect of poor signal quality in existing orthogonal signal generation methods and improve the quality of orthogonal signals.

[0006] This invention provides an orthogonal signal generation device, comprising a single-ended transformer-type orthogonal network. The single-ended transformer-type orthogonal network includes: a first inductor coil, comprising an input port and a through port; the input port is used to receive an input signal, and the through port is used to output an input signal; the input signal flows counterclockwise in the first inductor coil; a second inductor coil, comprising an isolation port and a coupling port, arranged in the same layer around the first inductor coil; the second inductor coil generates an induced current under the action of the alternating magnetic field of the first inductor coil; the induced current flows clockwise from the isolation port to the coupling port in the second inductor coil; the output signal of the coupling port and the output signal of the through port together constitute an output orthogonal signal; the first inductor coil and the second inductor coil are coupled in a side-parallel manner, and the capacitive coupling between the first inductor coil and the second inductor coil is equivalent to a coupling capacitor.

[0007] According to an orthogonal signal generating device provided by the present invention, the first inductor coil includes: a first counterclockwise horizontal segment, the starting end of which is connected to the input port; a first counterclockwise connecting segment, the starting end of which is connected to the ending end of the first counterclockwise horizontal segment; a first counterclockwise vertical segment, the starting end of which is connected to the ending end of the first counterclockwise connecting segment; a second counterclockwise connecting segment, the starting end of which is connected to the ending end of the first counterclockwise vertical segment; a second counterclockwise horizontal segment, the starting end of which is connected to the ending end of the second counterclockwise connecting segment; and a third counterclockwise connecting segment. The starting end is connected to the ending end of the second counterclockwise horizontal segment; the starting end of the second counterclockwise vertical segment is connected to the ending end of the third counterclockwise connecting segment; the starting end of the fourth counterclockwise connecting segment is connected to the ending end of the second counterclockwise vertical segment; the starting end of the third counterclockwise horizontal segment is connected to the ending end of the fourth counterclockwise connecting segment, and the ending end of the third counterclockwise horizontal segment is connected to the through port; wherein, the horizontal segments in the first inductor coil are parallel to each other, the vertical segments in the first inductor coil are parallel to each other, and the angle formed by the extension of the horizontal segment and the extension of the vertical segment is a preset intersection angle.

[0008] According to an orthogonal signal generation device provided by the present invention, the first counterclockwise connecting segment forms a preset bending angle with the first counterclockwise horizontal segment and the first counterclockwise vertical segment respectively; the second counterclockwise connecting segment forms the preset bending angle with the first counterclockwise vertical segment and the second counterclockwise horizontal segment respectively; the third counterclockwise connecting segment forms the preset bending angle with the second counterclockwise horizontal segment and the second counterclockwise vertical segment respectively; and the fourth counterclockwise connecting segment forms the preset bending angle with the second counterclockwise vertical segment and the third counterclockwise horizontal segment respectively.

[0009] According to an orthogonal signal generating device provided by the present invention, the second inductor coil includes: a clockwise first horizontal segment, the starting end of which is connected to the isolation port; a clockwise first connecting segment, the starting end of which is connected to the ending end of the clockwise first horizontal segment; a clockwise first vertical segment, the starting end of which is connected to the ending end of the clockwise first connecting segment; a clockwise second connecting segment, the starting end of which is connected to the ending end of the clockwise first vertical segment; and a clockwise second horizontal segment, the clockwise second horizontal segment... The starting end is connected to the ending end of the clockwise second connecting segment; the starting end of the clockwise third connecting segment is connected to the ending end of the clockwise second horizontal segment; the starting end of the clockwise second vertical segment is connected to the ending end of the clockwise third connecting segment, and the ending end of the clockwise second vertical segment is connected to the coupling port; wherein, the horizontal segments in the second inductor coil are parallel to each other, the vertical segments in the second inductor coil are parallel to each other, and the angle formed by the extension of the horizontal segment and the extension of the vertical segment is a preset intersection angle.

[0010] According to an orthogonal signal generating device provided by the present invention, the clockwise first connecting segment forms a preset bending angle with the clockwise first horizontal segment and the clockwise first vertical segment respectively; the clockwise second connecting segment forms the preset bending angle with the clockwise first vertical segment and the clockwise second horizontal segment respectively; and the clockwise third connecting segment forms the preset bending angle with the clockwise second horizontal segment and the clockwise second vertical segment respectively.

[0011] According to an orthogonal signal generation device provided by the present invention, the device further includes: a mirror single-ended transformer orthogonal network arranged in a horizontally symmetrical mirror image with the single-ended transformer orthogonal network; the single-ended transformer orthogonal network and the mirror single-ended transformer orthogonal network are used to form a differential transformer orthogonal network.

[0012] According to an orthogonal signal generation device provided by the present invention, the input port of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network is connected in parallel with the input port of the mirror single-ended transformer orthogonal network to form a differential input terminal; the through port and coupling port of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network are connected in parallel with the through port and coupling port of the mirror single-ended transformer orthogonal network to form a differential output terminal.

[0013] According to an orthogonal signal generation device provided by the present invention, the differential output terminal uses different metal layering traces to make the output orthogonal signals distributed vertically.

[0014] According to an orthogonal signal generation device provided by the present invention, the input port of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network is used to receive the in-phase component of the differential radio frequency signal, and the input port of the mirror single-ended transformer orthogonal network is used to receive the in-phase component of the differential radio frequency signal. According to the orthogonal signal generation device provided by the present invention, the differential transformer orthogonal network further includes: orthogonal network output leads, including: a forward coupling access terminal, a forward coupling lead-out terminal, a reverse coupling access terminal, a reverse coupling lead-out terminal, a forward pass-through access terminal, a forward pass-through lead-out terminal, a reverse pass-through access terminal, and a reverse pass-through lead-out terminal; wherein, the forward coupling access terminal is connected to the coupling interface of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network, the reverse coupling access terminal is connected to the coupling interface of the mirror single-ended transformer orthogonal network; the forward pass-through access terminal is connected to the pass-through port of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network, and the reverse pass-through access terminal is connected to the pass-through port of the mirror single-ended transformer orthogonal network.

[0015] The orthogonal signal generation device provided by this invention can compress the integrated circuit area by arranging a first inductor coil (counterclockwise current carrying) and a second inductor coil (clockwise induction) close together with parallel sides on the same layer and within the minimum spacing allowed by integrated circuit process rules. In this structure, the alternating magnetic field of the first coil directly excites the orthogonality of the counterclockwise-clockwise current path in the second coil, forming a 90° phase difference. At the same time, the capacitive coupling generated by the minimum spacing is actively equivalent to a coupling capacitor to compensate for high-frequency phase errors. Finally, the through port and the coupling port work together to output a high-precision orthogonal signal, realizing high-precision orthogonal signal generation without external components. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced one by one below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network in the orthogonal signal generation device provided by the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first inductor coil provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second inductor coil provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the differential transformer-type orthogonal network of the orthogonal signal generation device provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the output leads of the differential orthogonal signal generation network provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the differential orthogonal signal generation network provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0024] Transmission line couplers can generate orthogonal output signals with input / output matching at both RF and millimeter-wave frequencies. However, the required transmission lines typically occupy a significant amount of chip area, increasing the difficulty of on-chip integration. Furthermore, all-pass filters based on inductor-capacitor resonants have been reported for orthogonal signal generation. In recent years, transformer-based generation schemes have received increasing attention. For example, a 3 dB mixer based on a single-ended transformer has been reported at RF frequencies and has been extended to millimeter-wave frequencies. This approach offers low loss, high-precision orthogonal signal balancing, input / output matching, and a compact footprint, even in the low RF range. Transformer-based orthogonal signal generation networks typically achieve a bandwidth of 20%, primarily limited by orthogonal signal amplitude mismatch. While this bandwidth is sufficient for many narrowband applications, it cannot support broadband systems such as broadband radar, hyperspectral imagers, or broadband antenna pattern formers.

[0025] Currently, the method based on cascaded resistors and capacitors is very sensitive to source impedance and load termination, especially at millimeter-wave frequencies, which limits its application. In addition, it requires additional coupling capacitors during implementation, making the layout complex and unable to effectively balance the quality of orthogonal signals and the direction of signal flow.

[0026] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-ended transformer-type orthogonal network in the orthogonal signal generation device provided by the present invention, which includes: a first inductor coil 101 and a second inductor coil 102. The first inductor coil 101 includes: an input port 1011 and a through port 1012; the second inductor coil 102 includes: an isolation port 1021 and a coupling port 1022.

[0027] According to the present invention, an orthogonal signal generation device includes a single-ended transformer orthogonal network, wherein the single-ended transformer orthogonal network comprises: The first inductor includes an input port and a through port. The input port is used to receive an input signal, and the through port is used to output an input signal. The input signal flows in the first inductor along a counterclockwise path. The second inductor coil, including an isolation port and a coupling port, is arranged in the same layer around the first inductor coil; the second inductor coil is used to generate an induced current under the action of the alternating magnetic field of the first inductor coil; the induced current flows from the isolation port to the coupling port in the second inductor coil along a clockwise path; The output signal of the coupled port and the output signal of the through port together constitute the output quadrature signal; The first inductor and the second inductor are coupled side-by-side in a parallel manner. The capacitive coupling between the first inductor and the second inductor is equivalent to a coupling capacitor.

[0028] It should be noted that the lower limit of the spacing between the first inductor and the second inductor is the minimum spacing allowed by the integrated circuit process. However, in actual applications, the spacing between the coils will be greater than or equal to this minimum spacing, rather than being fixed at the minimum spacing. The horizontal segments of the first inductor and the second inductor are parallel to each other, and the vertical segments of the first inductor and the second inductor are also parallel to each other.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the input signal enters from the input port on the left side of the first inductor and flows counterclockwise along the first inductor, with the output corresponding to the through port; the signal flow of the second inductor is clockwise, and the ports of the second inductor correspond to the isolation port and the coupling port, respectively.

[0030] To achieve a high coupling coefficient, this invention employs a side-coupling method, and the lower limit of the spacing between the first and second inductor coils is the minimum spacing allowed by the process specifications. In addition, conventional transformer-based orthogonal networks require additional capacitor areas to adjust the orthogonality of the output signals, which is very troublesome in layout design. In this invention, the capacitive coupling between the inner and outer inductors acts as the adjustment capacitor in the orthogonal network. Therefore, this design method does not require additional capacitors, greatly simplifying the layout design method.

[0031] In this embodiment of the invention, the first inductor coil is provided with an input port (IN) and a through port (THROUGH). The input signal is received from the input port (IN) and flows along a counterclockwise path to the through port (THROUGH), thereby generating an alternating current in the counterclockwise direction within the coil.

[0032] The second inductor is arranged around the first inductor (on the same layer) and includes an isolation port and a coupling port. The alternating magnetic field of the first inductor acts on the second inductor, causing it to generate an induced current; this induced current flows from the isolation port to the coupling port along a clockwise path.

[0033] The through port (THROUGH) outputs the original phase signal, and the coupled port (COUPLED) outputs a 90° phase-shifted signal; the output signals of the through port and the coupled port together form an orthogonal signal (I / Q signal pair), eliminating the need for an additional phase-shifting circuit.

[0034] The first inductor coil and the second inductor coil are coupled in a side-parallel manner. The distance between them in the integrated circuit is strictly set to the minimum distance allowed by the process. The parasitic capacitance generated between the two coils due to the minimum distance is actively designed as a coupling capacitor to compensate for high-frequency phase shift and ensure orthogonality accuracy.

[0035] This invention, based on a transformer-type quadrature signal generation network, enhances the coupling coefficient between coils with a smaller inductance value through coil winding. Furthermore, it utilizes the capacitive coupling between coils as coupling capacitors, eliminating the need for additional coupling capacitors and significantly simplifying the layout. In this invention, signals are input from the left and a set of quadrature signals are output from the right. This left-to-right approach facilitates the cascading of the quadrature signal network with preceding and following circuits. In the millimeter-wave band, this layout method can be used for both single-ended and differential circuits.

[0036] Through the embodiments of the present invention, a 90° phase difference is achieved through the orthogonality of the counterclockwise-clockwise current path (electromagnetic induction principle), and the area compression and parasitic capacitance functionalization (equivalent coupling capacitance) are realized simultaneously by utilizing the minimum spacing structure, and finally a high-precision orthogonal signal is output from the dual-port.

[0037] According to the present invention, an orthogonal signal generating device includes a first inductor coil, comprising: The first horizontal segment is counterclockwise, and the starting end of the first horizontal segment is connected to an input port; The first counterclockwise connecting segment connects the beginning of the first counterclockwise connecting segment to the end of the first counterclockwise transverse segment. The first vertical segment is counterclockwise, and the starting end of the first vertical segment is connected to the ending end of the first connecting segment. The second counterclockwise connecting segment connects the beginning of the second counterclockwise connecting segment to the end of the first counterclockwise vertical segment. The second horizontal segment is counterclockwise, and the starting end of the second horizontal segment is connected to the ending end of the second connecting segment. The third counterclockwise connecting segment connects the beginning of the third counterclockwise connecting segment to the end of the second counterclockwise transverse segment. The second vertical segment is counterclockwise, and the beginning of the second vertical segment is connected to the end of the third vertical segment. The fourth counterclockwise connecting segment connects the beginning of the fourth counterclockwise connecting segment to the end of the second counterclockwise vertical segment. The third horizontal segment is counterclockwise. The starting end of the third horizontal segment is connected to the ending end of the fourth horizontal segment. The ending end of the third horizontal segment is connected to a straight-through port. In this system, the horizontal segments of the first inductor are parallel to each other, the vertical segments of the first inductor are parallel to each other, and the angle formed by the extension of the horizontal segments and the extension of the vertical segments is a preset intersection angle.

[0038] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, the terms “horizontal” and “vertical” in “horizontal segment” and “vertical segment” are merely exemplary terms describing the relative extension direction of the line segment and should not be construed as a limitation on the direction of the coil. That is, “horizontal” and “vertical” are not limited to the horizontal and vertical directions, but are any first direction and any second direction in actual application.

[0039] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first inductor coil provided by the present invention, which includes: an input port 201, a first counterclockwise horizontal segment 202, a first counterclockwise connecting segment 203, a first counterclockwise vertical segment 204, a second counterclockwise connecting segment 205, a second counterclockwise horizontal segment 206, a third counterclockwise connecting segment 207, a second counterclockwise vertical segment 208, a fourth counterclockwise connecting segment 209, a third counterclockwise horizontal segment 210, and a through port 211.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, the starting end of the first counterclockwise horizontal segment is fixedly connected to the input port (IN) for receiving a single-ended input signal. The signal extends horizontally along the metal wire in a counterclockwise direction to the ending end. The starting end of the first counterclockwise connecting segment is perpendicularly connected to the ending end of the first counterclockwise horizontal segment to guide the signal in a vertical direction.

[0041] The first counterclockwise vertical segment starts at the beginning and ends at the first counterclockwise connecting segment, and the signal extends vertically along the metal wire in a counterclockwise direction to the end. The second counterclockwise connecting segment starts at the beginning and ends at the end, and guides the signal in a horizontal direction.

[0042] The starting end of the second counterclockwise horizontal segment is connected to the ending end of the second counterclockwise connecting segment, and the signal extends horizontally in the counterclockwise direction; the starting end of the third counterclockwise connecting segment is connected to the ending end of the second horizontal segment, and the signal is guided in the vertical direction.

[0043] The starting end of the second counterclockwise vertical segment is connected to the ending end of the third connecting segment, and the signal extends vertically in a counterclockwise direction; the starting end of the fourth counterclockwise connecting segment is perpendicularly connected to the ending end of the second vertical segment, and the signal is guided in a horizontal direction.

[0044] The starting end of the third horizontal segment is connected to the ending end of the fourth connecting segment, and the ending end is fixedly connected to the through port (THROUGH).

[0045] Through the embodiments of the present invention, the structural layout of the first inductor coil enables the input signal to be transmitted stably and orderly between the line segments in a counterclockwise direction, and finally output from the through port, providing a precise and reliable signal transmission path foundation for subsequent cooperation with the second inductor coil to generate orthogonal signals.

[0046] According to the present invention, an orthogonal signal generating device is provided in which the counterclockwise first connecting segment is at a preset bending angle to the counterclockwise first horizontal segment and the counterclockwise first vertical segment respectively; The second counterclockwise connecting segment forms a preset bending angle with both the first counterclockwise vertical segment and the second counterclockwise horizontal segment; The third counterclockwise connecting segment forms a preset bending angle with both the second counterclockwise horizontal segment and the second counterclockwise vertical segment. The fourth counterclockwise connecting segment forms a preset bending angle with the second counterclockwise vertical segment and the third counterclockwise horizontal segment.

[0047] In this embodiment of the invention, the starting end of the counterclockwise first connecting segment is connected to the ending end of the counterclockwise first horizontal segment, and a preset bending angle is formed between the two; the ending end of the counterclockwise first connecting segment is connected to the starting end of the counterclockwise first vertical segment, and a preset bending angle is also formed between the two.

[0048] The starting end of the counterclockwise second connecting segment connects to the ending end of the counterclockwise first vertical segment, forming a preset bending angle between them; the ending end of the counterclockwise second connecting segment connects to the starting end of the counterclockwise second horizontal segment, forming a preset bending angle between them.

[0049] The starting end of the counterclockwise third connecting segment connects to the ending end of the counterclockwise second horizontal segment, forming a preset bending angle between them; the ending end of the counterclockwise third connecting segment connects to the starting end of the counterclockwise second vertical segment, forming a preset bending angle between them.

[0050] The beginning of the fourth counterclockwise connecting segment connects to the end of the second counterclockwise vertical segment, forming a preset bending angle between them; the end of the fourth counterclockwise connecting segment connects to the beginning of the third counterclockwise horizontal segment, forming a preset bending angle between them.

[0051] All connecting segments achieve path continuity through a uniform preset bending angle. When the preset bending angle is equal to 90°, an L-shaped right-angle metal trace is used to reduce signal reflection. In terms of layout drawing, the coil of this invention uses a 135° angle winding method, but a 90° angle drawing method can also be used, as long as the process rules are met.

[0052] Through the embodiments of the present invention, a connecting segment with a preset bending angle is set between the horizontal segment and the vertical segment, so that the signal flows stably in a specific counterclockwise direction, reducing the reflection and interference of the signal during transmission, and ensuring that the signal can be transmitted from the input port to the through port efficiently and accurately.

[0053] According to the orthogonal signal generating apparatus provided by the present invention, the second inductor coil includes: The first transverse segment in clockwise direction has an isolation port connected to its starting end; The first connecting segment is clockwise, and the starting end of the first connecting segment is connected to the ending end of the first transverse segment. The first vertical segment is clockwise, and the starting end of the first vertical segment is connected to the ending end of the first connecting segment. The second connecting segment is clockwise, and the starting end of the second connecting segment is connected to the ending end of the first vertical segment. The second transverse segment is clockwise, and the beginning of the second transverse segment is connected to the end of the second connecting segment. The third connecting segment is clockwise, and the starting end of the third connecting segment is connected to the ending end of the second transverse segment. The second vertical segment is clockwise, and the starting end of the second vertical segment is connected to the ending end of the third vertical segment. The ending end of the second vertical segment is connected to a coupling port. In this design, the horizontal segments of the second inductor are parallel to each other, the vertical segments of the second inductor are parallel to each other, and the angle formed by the extension of the horizontal segments and the extension of the vertical segments is a preset intersection angle.

[0054] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second inductor coil provided by the present invention, which includes: an isolation port 301, a clockwise first horizontal segment 302, a clockwise first connecting segment 303, a clockwise first vertical segment 304, a clockwise second connecting segment 305, a clockwise second horizontal segment 306, a clockwise third connecting segment 307, a clockwise second vertical segment 308, and a coupling port 309.

[0055] In this embodiment of the invention, the starting end of the clockwise first transverse segment is fixedly connected to an isolation port, through which induced current flows; the signal extends horizontally along the metal wire in a clockwise direction to the ending end. The starting end of the clockwise first connecting segment is perpendicularly connected to the ending end of the clockwise first transverse segment, guiding the signal in a vertical direction.

[0056] The starting end of the first clockwise vertical segment is connected to the ending end of the first clockwise connecting segment, extending the signal vertically in a clockwise direction to the ending end. The starting end of the second clockwise connecting segment is perpendicularly connected to the ending end of the first clockwise vertical segment, guiding the signal in a horizontal direction.

[0057] The starting end of the second clockwise horizontal segment is connected to the ending end of the second clockwise connecting segment, and the signal extends horizontally in a clockwise direction; the starting end of the third clockwise connecting segment is connected vertically to the ending end of the second clockwise horizontal segment, guiding the signal in a vertical direction.

[0058] The starting end of the second clockwise vertical segment is connected to the ending end of the third clockwise connecting segment; the ending end is fixedly connected to the coupling port (COUPLED); the induced current is output after completing the clockwise path.

[0059] It should be noted that the preset intersection angle in the first inductor coil (i.e., the angle formed by the extension of the horizontal segment and the extension of the vertical segment) is the same as the preset intersection angle in the second inductor coil.

[0060] In this embodiment of the invention, all corresponding segments of the two coils between the first inductor and the second inductor are kept parallel with equal spacing throughout the entire length to ensure uniform electromagnetic coupling; the parasitic capacitance generated by the minimum spacing allowed by the process rules between the parallel segments is equivalent to a distributed coupling capacitance, which suppresses high-frequency phase distortion.

[0061] Through the embodiments of the present invention, the second inductor coil can stably transmit the induced current in a clockwise direction under the action of the alternating magnetic field of the first inductor coil, ensuring that the signal flows accurately from the isolation port to the coupling port, providing a reliable path for generating orthogonal signals in cooperation with the first inductor coil, and ensuring the stability and accuracy of signal transmission.

[0062] According to the present invention, an orthogonal signal generating device is provided in which the clockwise first connecting segment is bent at a preset angle to the clockwise first horizontal segment and the clockwise first vertical segment respectively; The clockwise second connecting segment forms a preset bending angle with both the clockwise first vertical segment and the clockwise second horizontal segment; The third connecting segment, clockwise, forms a preset bending angle with both the second horizontal segment and the second vertical segment, clockwise.

[0063] In this embodiment of the invention, the starting end of the clockwise first connecting segment is connected to the ending end of the clockwise first transverse segment, and a preset bending angle is formed between the two; the ending end of the clockwise first connecting segment is connected to the starting end of the clockwise first vertical segment, and a preset bending angle is formed between the two.

[0064] The starting end of the clockwise second connecting segment connects to the ending end of the clockwise first vertical segment, forming a preset bending angle between them; the ending end of the clockwise second connecting segment connects to the starting end of the clockwise second horizontal segment, forming a preset bending angle between them.

[0065] The starting end of the clockwise third connecting segment connects to the ending end of the clockwise second horizontal segment, forming a preset bending angle between them; the ending end of the clockwise third connecting segment connects to the starting end of the clockwise second vertical segment, forming a preset bending angle between them.

[0066] It should be noted that the preset bending angle of the second inductor is equal to that of the first inductor to ensure the electromagnetic symmetry of the dual-coil path; the bending angle of the connection section of the two coils is consistent, so that the coupling capacitance is evenly distributed and the phase matching accuracy is enhanced.

[0067] For example, when the preset bending angle is 90 degrees, an L-shaped right-angle metal trace is used; when the preset bending angle is 110 degrees or 135 degrees, an angled trace is used to reduce high-frequency signal reflection.

[0068] Through this embodiment of the invention, a pre-set bending angle precisely plans the clockwise flow path of the induced current within the second inductor coil. Under the influence of the alternating magnetic field of the first inductor coil, the induced current can sequentially pass through the first clockwise horizontal segment, the first clockwise connecting segment, and the first clockwise vertical segment in a predetermined clockwise direction, finally reaching the coupling port. This orderly path guidance ensures the stability and accuracy of the induced current transmission, reducing signal scattering and loss during transmission.

[0069] According to an orthogonal signal generation apparatus provided by the present invention, the apparatus further includes: A mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network arranged in a horizontally symmetrical mirror image with respect to the single-ended transformer orthogonal network; The single-ended transformer orthogonal network and the mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network are used to form a differential transformer orthogonal network.

[0070] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the differential transformer orthogonal network structure of the orthogonal signal generation device provided by the present invention, which includes a single-ended transformer orthogonal network and a mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network arranged in a horizontally symmetrical mirror configuration.

[0071] This invention can also be applied to orthogonal networks with difference structures. For example... Figure 4 As shown, a set of differential orthogonal networks can be obtained by mirroring the single-ended transformer-type orthogonal network in the upper part along the horizontal axis. The differential input signal enters from the left, and the differential orthogonal signal outputs from the right. Figure 4 As can be seen, the layout of this map is completely symmetrical, with the input signal on the left and the output signal on the right.

[0072] Through the embodiments of the present invention, the symmetrical structure is used to make the characteristics of the two networks highly consistent, ensuring the amplitude and phase balance of the output orthogonal signals, and improving signal quality and stability.

[0073] According to the present invention, an orthogonal signal generation device is provided in which the input port of a single-ended transformer orthogonal network is connected in parallel with the input port of a mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network to form a differential input terminal; the through port and coupling port of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network are connected in parallel with the through port and coupling port of the mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network to form a differential output terminal.

[0074] In this embodiment of the invention, by strictly integrating the single-ended transformer orthogonal network and the mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network (structural symmetric replication) at the same layer, the input ports of the two are connected in parallel to form differential input terminals (IN+ / IN-).

[0075] Simultaneously, the through port of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network is connected in parallel with the through port of the mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network to form a differential through output (TH+ / TH-), and the coupling port of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network is connected in parallel with the coupling port of the mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network to form a differential coupling output (CPL+ / CPL-).

[0076] It is understood that the orthogonal signal generation network involved in this invention requires an isolation resistor to be connected at the isolation port. For example, when the single-ended port impedance is 50 ohms, the isolation resistor is generally 50 ohms. The isolation port of a single-ended transformer-type orthogonal network can be connected to a 50-ohm resistor to ground; the two isolation ports (ISO+ and ISO-) of a differential transformer-type orthogonal network can each be connected to two 50-ohm resistors to ground, or a 100-ohm resistor can be connected between ISO+ and ISO-. It should be noted that the specific value of the isolation resistor is set according to the actual application scenario, and this invention does not limit it.

[0077] Through the embodiments of the present invention, based on the complementary coupling effect of the two networks, while maintaining the miniaturization and orthogonal accuracy of the single network, a differential anti-interference capability is added to achieve highly robust orthogonal signal generation.

[0078] According to the orthogonal signal generation device provided by the present invention, the differential output terminal uses different metal layering traces to make the output orthogonal signals distributed vertically.

[0079] In this embodiment of the invention, in order to better cascade with the subsequent circuit, the orthogonal signals are distributed vertically by switching between different metals at the output of the orthogonal network of the differential structure.

[0080] The through port of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network is connected in parallel with the through port of the mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network to form a differential through output (TH+ / TH-). The TH+ signal extends horizontally through the first metal layer, and the TH- signal extends horizontally through the second metal layer. The first metal layer and the second metal layer completely overlap in the vertical projection, forming a vertically parallel distribution.

[0081] The coupling ports of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network and the mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network are connected in parallel to form differentially coupled outputs (CPL+ / CPL-). The CPL+ signal extends horizontally through the third metal layer (at the same level as the first metal layer mentioned above), and the CPL- signal extends horizontally through the fourth metal layer (at the same level as the second metal layer mentioned above). The third and fourth metal layers completely overlap in vertical projection, forming a parallel distribution.

[0082] Through the embodiments of the present invention, the differential output terminal uses different metal layers for routing to make the output quadrature signals distributed vertically. This design can effectively reduce crosstalk between quadrature signals and reduce mutual influence during signal transmission. At the same time, different metal layers have different electrical characteristics, which can be rationally utilized to optimize signal transmission performance. It can also achieve a more compact layout in a limited space, improve the integration of the device, and ensure stable and high-quality output of quadrature signals.

[0083] According to the present invention, an orthogonal signal generation device is provided, wherein the input port of a single-ended transformer orthogonal network is used to receive the in-phase component of a differential radio frequency signal, and the input port of a mirror single-ended transformer orthogonal network is used to receive the in-phase component of a differential radio frequency signal.

[0084] This invention drives the positive phase component (RF+) of the differential radio frequency signal to a counterclockwise path by inputting it into the input port of a single-ended transformer quadrature network, while simultaneously driving the negative phase component (RF-) to a symmetrical counterclockwise path by inputting it into the input port of a mirror single-ended transformer quadrature network.

[0085] The through port of a single-ended transformer orthogonal network generates a 0° phase signal, while the coupled port generates a 90° phase signal. The through port of a mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network generates a 180° phase signal, and the coupled port generates a 270° phase signal. After parallel output, the through port pairs form differential 0° / 180° signals, and the coupled port pairs form differential 90° / 270° orthogonal signals.

[0086] Through the embodiments of the present invention, the single-ended transformer quadrature network input port receives the positive component of the differential radio frequency signal, and the mirrored single-ended transformer quadrature network input port receives the negative component. This division of labor reception can make full use of the characteristics of differential signals, effectively suppress common-mode noise interference, and improve the signal anti-interference capability.

[0087] According to the orthogonal signal generation device provided by the present invention, the differential transformer orthogonal network further includes: The output leads of the orthogonal network include: forward coupling access terminal, forward coupling lead-out terminal, reverse coupling access terminal, reverse coupling lead-out terminal, forward straight-through access terminal, forward straight-through lead-out terminal, reverse straight-through access terminal, and reverse straight-through lead-out terminal; Specifically, the forward coupling access terminal is connected to the coupling interface of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network, and the reverse coupling access terminal is connected to the coupling interface of the mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network; the forward pass-through access terminal is connected to the pass-through port of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network, and the reverse pass-through access terminal is connected to the pass-through port of the mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network.

[0088] refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the output leads of the differential orthogonal signal generation network provided by the present invention.

[0089] refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the differential orthogonal signal generation network provided by the present invention, which includes: 1. a single-ended transformer orthogonal network, 2. a differential transformer orthogonal network, and output lines of the orthogonal network.

[0090] It should be noted that a differential transformer orthogonal network can be generated by combining two single-ended transformer orthogonal networks. The combination methods include translation, flipping, etc. Therefore, there may be cases where the signal flow of one single-ended transformer orthogonal network is counterclockwise, and the signal flow of the other single-ended transformer orthogonal network is counterclockwise.

[0091] like Figure 6 The differential orthogonal signal generation network shown in the diagram reverses the signal flow direction after being mirrored, but it can still generate orthogonal signals normally. In practical applications, it can be presented as follows: Figure 6 The structure shown can also be Figure 6 A mirror image of the structure.

[0092] This invention sets up orthogonal network output leads, with the forward coupling access terminal directly connected to the coupling port of a single-ended transformer orthogonal network, the reverse coupling access terminal directly connected to the coupling port of a mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network, the forward pass-through access terminal directly connected to the pass-through port of a single-ended transformer orthogonal network, and the reverse pass-through access terminal directly connected to the pass-through port of a mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network. Each access terminal extends to its corresponding lead-out terminal (forward / reverse coupling lead-out terminal, forward / reverse pass-through lead-out terminal) via metal traces of equal length, and uses different metal layer replacement techniques to distribute the pass-through signal and the coupling signal to preset levels respectively.

[0093] IN represents the input port of the IQ network; THRU represents the pass-through port of the IQ network; CPL represents the coupling port of the IQ network; ISO represents the isolation port of the IQ network.

[0094] Table 1 compares two sets of orthogonal signal generation structures with different structures. Reference 1 uses a transformer-based orthogonal signal generation network. The results given in this reference show that the amplitude error of this orthogonal network is less than 0.2dB and the phase orthogonality error is less than 2° in the 130-138GHz range. However, this result does not take into account the leads of the orthogonal network and the preceding and following stage circuits. If the leads are included, the amplitude and phase errors will be severely deteriorated. Simulation verification shows that the insertion loss of the preceding and following leads is about 1.5dB. In contrast, the present invention has already considered the cascading with the preceding and following stage circuits in its design. Reference 2 is an orthogonal hybrid network based on microstrip lines. This design has a huge D-band layout area, which greatly increases the design cost. Moreover, compared with the orthogonal network of the present invention, the amplitude consistency and phase orthogonality performance are generally inferior.

[0095] Table 1 Performance Comparison of D-band Orthogonal Signal Generation Networks

[0096] Through the embodiments of the present invention, the orthogonal network output leads of the differential transformer orthogonal network are precisely connected to the coupling interfaces and through ports of the first and second single-ended transformer orthogonal networks through specific access terminals, which can orderly and efficiently aggregate the signals processed by the two networks.

[0097] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0098] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of various embodiments or some parts of embodiments.

[0099] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An orthogonal signal generation device, characterized in that, This includes a single-ended transformer orthogonal network, wherein the single-ended transformer orthogonal network comprises: The first inductor includes an input port and a through port. The input port is used to receive an input signal, and the through port is used to output an input signal. The input signal flows in the first inductor along a counterclockwise path. The second inductor coil includes an isolation port and a coupling port, and is arranged in the same layer around the first inductor coil; the second inductor coil is used to generate an induced current under the action of the alternating magnetic field of the first inductor coil; the induced current flows in the second inductor coil from the isolation port to the coupling port along a clockwise path; The output signal of the coupling port and the output signal of the through port together constitute an orthogonal signal; The first inductor and the second inductor are coupled in a parallel manner on their sides, and the capacitive coupling between the first inductor and the second inductor is equivalent to a coupling capacitor.

2. The orthogonal signal generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first inductor coil includes: The first horizontal segment is counterclockwise, and the starting end of the first horizontal segment is connected to the input port; The first counterclockwise connecting segment is connected at its starting end to the ending end of the first counterclockwise transverse segment. The first vertical segment is counterclockwise, and the starting end of the first vertical segment is connected to the ending end of the first connecting segment. A counterclockwise second connecting segment, the starting end of which is connected to the ending end of the counterclockwise first vertical segment; The second counterclockwise horizontal segment, the starting end of which is connected to the ending end of the second counterclockwise connecting segment; The third counterclockwise connecting segment is connected at its starting end to the ending end of the second counterclockwise transverse segment. The second vertical segment is counterclockwise, and the starting end of the second vertical segment is connected to the ending end of the third vertical segment. The fourth counterclockwise connecting segment is connected at its starting end to the ending end of the second counterclockwise vertical segment. The third horizontal segment is counterclockwise, and the starting end of the third horizontal segment is connected to the ending end of the fourth horizontal segment. The ending end of the third horizontal segment is connected to the through port. In this configuration, the horizontal segments of the first inductor are parallel to each other, the vertical segments of the first inductor are parallel to each other, and the angle formed by the extension of the horizontal segments and the extension of the vertical segments is a preset intersection angle.

3. The orthogonal signal generation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first counterclockwise connecting segment forms a preset bending angle with the first counterclockwise horizontal segment and the first counterclockwise vertical segment, respectively; The counterclockwise second connecting segment forms the preset bending angle with the counterclockwise first vertical segment and the counterclockwise second horizontal segment respectively; The counterclockwise third connecting segment forms the preset bending angle with the counterclockwise second horizontal segment and the counterclockwise second vertical segment respectively; The fourth counterclockwise connecting segment forms a preset bending angle with the second counterclockwise vertical segment and the third counterclockwise horizontal segment.

4. The orthogonal signal generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second inductor coil includes: The first transverse segment is clockwise, and the starting end of the first transverse segment is connected to the isolation port; A clockwise first connecting segment, wherein the starting end of the clockwise first connecting segment is connected to the ending end of the clockwise first transverse segment; The first vertical segment is clockwise, and the starting end of the first vertical segment is connected to the ending end of the first connecting segment. A clockwise second connecting segment, the starting end of which is connected to the ending end of the clockwise first vertical segment; The second transverse segment is clockwise, and the starting end of the second transverse segment is connected to the ending end of the second transverse segment. The third connecting segment is clockwise, and the starting end of the third connecting segment is connected to the ending end of the second transverse segment. The second vertical segment is clockwise, the starting end of which is connected to the ending end of the third vertical segment, and the ending end of the second vertical segment is connected to the coupling port. In this design, the horizontal segments of the second inductor are parallel to each other, the vertical segments of the second inductor are parallel to each other, and the angle formed by the extension of the horizontal segments and the extension of the vertical segments is a preset intersection angle.

5. The orthogonal signal generation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The clockwise first connecting segment forms a preset bending angle with the clockwise first horizontal segment and the clockwise first vertical segment respectively; The clockwise second connecting segment forms the preset bending angle with the clockwise first vertical segment and the clockwise second horizontal segment respectively; The clockwise third connecting segment forms the preset bending angle with the clockwise second horizontal segment and the clockwise second vertical segment, respectively.

6. The orthogonal signal generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes: A mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network arranged in a horizontally symmetrical mirror image with respect to the single-ended transformer orthogonal network; The single-ended transformer orthogonal network and the mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network are used to form a differential transformer orthogonal network.

7. The orthogonal signal generation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The input port of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network is connected in parallel with the input port of the mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network to form a differential input terminal; the through port and coupling port of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network are connected in parallel with the through port and coupling port of the mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network to form a differential output terminal.

8. The orthogonal signal generation device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The differential output terminals use different metal layer routing to make the output quadrature signals distributed vertically.

9. The orthogonal signal generation device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The input port of the single-ended transformer quadrature network is used to receive the in-phase component of the differential radio frequency signal, and the input port of the mirrored single-ended transformer quadrature network is used to receive the in-phase component of the differential radio frequency signal.

10. The orthogonal signal generation device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The differential transformer orthogonal network further includes: The output leads of the orthogonal network include: forward coupling access terminal, forward coupling lead-out terminal, reverse coupling access terminal, reverse coupling lead-out terminal, forward straight-through access terminal, forward straight-through lead-out terminal, reverse straight-through access terminal, and reverse straight-through lead-out terminal; Specifically, the forward coupling access terminal is connected to the coupling interface of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network, and the reverse coupling access terminal is connected to the coupling interface of the mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network; the forward pass-through access terminal is connected to the pass-through port of the single-ended transformer orthogonal network, and the reverse pass-through access terminal is connected to the pass-through port of the mirrored single-ended transformer orthogonal network.

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