Goaf accumulated water drainage system and method based on network monitoring

Abstract

The invention provides a goaf accumulated water drainage system and method based on network monitoring, and relates to the technical field of coal mine water prevention and control. The system comprises a data acquisition module of which a monitoring network is arranged in a goaf and which is used for acquiring water level and water temperature data in real time; the ground water pumping module comprises at least one ground drainage well and is used for pumping accumulated water; the underground drainage module comprises at least one under-pit drainage hole provided with a water control assembly and is used for controllably discharging accumulated water; and a cooperative control module. The cooperative control module is in communication connection with all the modules and is configured to dynamically coordinate operation of the ground water pumping module and the underground drainage module based on the water level data and the water temperature data which are collected in real time and the type characteristics and drainage stages of the goaf. Through integrated monitoring and cooperative control, linkage regulation and control of upward pumping and downward discharging operation are achieved, and the safety, controllability and efficiency of the drainage process of accumulated water in the old goaf are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine water control technology, and in particular to a network-based system and method for draining accumulated water in goaf areas. Background Technology

[0002] Water accumulation in old goaf areas is a major safety hazard among the hidden disaster factors in open-pit coal mines. The presence of large amounts of water seriously threatens the safety of mining and stripping operations above. In particular, for historically formed goaf areas with unclear boundaries and water accumulation conditions, improper handling can easily induce water inrush accidents during mining and exposure, causing equipment damage, casualties, and production interruptions.

[0003] Currently, the treatment of water accumulation in such goaf areas often employs relatively simple drainage methods, such as relying solely on surface drainage wells or drainage holes in the construction pit. These traditional methods have significant limitations: First, they lack controllability, as the drainage process lacks precise control, easily leading to a sudden drop in water levels in the goaf, thereby disrupting the stress balance of the overlying strata and potentially inducing secondary disasters such as large-scale roof collapses or slope landslides. Second, they are inefficient, as the lack of real-time, networked monitoring of key parameters such as water level and temperature makes it impossible to adjust drainage strategies in a timely manner according to dynamic changes in water accumulation, resulting in a long drainage cycle and seriously affecting the connection between mining and stripping. Third, they lack adaptability, making it difficult to conduct differentiated and precise drainage control based on the different chemical water accumulation characteristics (such as the ratio of dynamic recharge to static reserves and spatial distribution) formed by different types of goaf areas, such as roadway mining and longwall mining.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a safe, efficient and adaptive water drainage scheme for old goaf areas to overcome the shortcomings of existing single methods, such as poor controllability, low efficiency and insufficient safety, has become an urgent problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a network-based monitoring system and method for draining accumulated water in goaf areas, which solves the technical problems of poor controllability, low efficiency, and difficulty in adapting to the differences in water accumulation characteristics of different types of goaf areas in existing old goaf drainage technologies.

[0006] This invention provides a network-based, coordinated drainage system for accumulated water in goaf areas. The system includes a data acquisition module, a surface pumping module, an underground drainage module, and a coordinated control module. The data acquisition module has a monitoring network deployed within the goaf area for real-time acquisition of water level and temperature data. The surface pumping module includes at least one surface drainage well for pumping out accumulated water from the goaf area. The underground drainage module includes at least one drainage hole in a pit, with a water control component at the hole opening for controlled drainage of accumulated water. The coordinated control module is communicatively connected to the data acquisition module, the surface pumping module, and the underground drainage module, and is configured to dynamically coordinate the operations of the surface pumping module and the underground drainage module based on water level data, water temperature data, and the type and characteristics of the goaf area and the drainage stage.

[0007] According to the system provided by the present invention, the collaborative control module is further configured to perform the following operations: calculate the water level drop rate based on water level data and determine the difference between the current water level and the target water level; identify the characteristics and distribution status of the replenishment water source for the water accumulation in the goaf based on water temperature data; and generate control commands based on the water level drop rate, the difference between the current water level and the target water level, and the characteristics and distribution status of the replenishment water source, so as to adjust the collaborative relationship between the pumping operation of the surface dewatering well and the water discharge operation of the pit discharge hole.

[0008] According to the system provided by this invention, the control logic performed by the collaborative control module includes the following two types: 1) When the goaf is a pillar-type goaf and residual water needs to be drained, if the water temperature data of the goaf is unevenly distributed, or the difference between the current water level and the target water level is greater than the first preset threshold, a control command is generated to enable or increase the number of drainage holes in the pit.

[0009] 2) When the goaf is a long arm goaf and residual water needs to be pumped out, if the water temperature data of the goaf is uniformly distributed, or the difference between the current water level and the target water level is less than the second preset threshold, a control command is generated to activate the surface drainage well and close or reduce the number of drainage holes in the pit.

[0010] In the system provided by this invention, the drainage holes under the pit can quickly release water accumulated in the goaf, resulting in faster construction speed and significant drainage effect when the water head difference is large. Therefore, it is suitable for draining residual water in the goaf of the roadway pillar type, as well as for rapid drainage when the water level in the goaf is high. Especially when the water level drops slowly, the task of draining the water level is more urgent, or when the water head difference between the current water level and the target water level is large, the number of drainage holes under the pit can be activated or increased to accelerate the drop in water level.

[0011] In contrast, dewatering wells have a longer construction period, but they can continuously and stably pump out water from goaf areas, and their drainage capacity is largely unaffected by head differences. Therefore, dewatering wells are more suitable for the stable pumping out of water in long-arm goaf areas, especially when the head difference is small and the target water level is close. They can effectively maintain or slowly lower the water level in the goaf area, achieving smooth dewatering of the goaf area.

[0012] According to the system provided by the present invention, the monitoring network includes multiple monitoring holes. The locations of the monitoring holes cover different types of goaf areas, including at least pillar-supported goaf areas and longwall goaf areas. Within the same type of goaf area, the distance between two adjacent monitoring holes is not less than a predetermined distance.

[0013] According to the system provided by the present invention, the monitoring well has a multi-stage sleeve structure. This structure includes: a first-stage sleeve lowered and fixed through a first-stage opening; and a second-stage sleeve lowered through a second-stage opening and extending to the bottom of the well. A water level telemetry instrument for collecting water level and water temperature data is installed inside the monitoring well.

[0014] According to the system provided by the present invention, the well structure of the surface dewatering well includes a water-stopping casing section and a filter pipe section connected to its lower end, the filter pipe section having a predetermined length. The location of the surface dewatering well is determined based on the bottom morphology of the goaf and is located in the low-point area of ​​the goaf bottom morphology.

[0015] According to the system provided by the present invention, the final outlet of the underground water discharge hole is located within the water-conducting fracture zone of the overlying strata of the goaf, which is a region of interconnected fractures formed after mining activities. The water control assembly includes at least a control valve installed at the orifice for controllably adjusting the water discharge flow rate.

[0016] This invention provides a method for coordinated drainage of accumulated water in goaf areas based on network monitoring. The method includes: real-time collection of water level and temperature data within the goaf area via a monitoring network; calculation of the current water level decline rate based on the water level data, and determination of the difference between the current water level and the target water level; identification of the characteristics and distribution of the water supply source for the goaf area based on the water temperature data; generation of coordinated control commands based on the water level decline rate, the difference between the current water level and the target water level, and the characteristics and distribution of the water supply source; and execution of the coordinated control commands to dynamically adjust the pumping operations of the corresponding surface drainage wells and the drainage operations of the underground drainage holes.

[0017] According to the method provided by the present invention, generating coordinated control instructions includes: comparing the current water level with the target water level; and comparing the rate of water level decline with the target rate of evacuation demand. 1) When the goaf is a pillar-type goaf and residual water needs to be drained, if the water temperature data of the goaf is unevenly distributed, or the difference between the current water level and the target water level is greater than the first preset threshold, a control command is generated to enable or increase the number of drainage holes in the pit.

[0018] 2) When the goaf is a long arm goaf and residual water needs to be pumped out, if the water temperature data of the goaf is uniformly distributed, or the difference between the current water level and the target water level is less than the second preset threshold, a control command is generated to activate the surface drainage well and close or reduce the number of drainage holes in the pit.

[0019] The network monitoring-based goaf water drainage system and method provided by this invention constructs a closed-loop control framework that integrates real-time perception, intelligent decision-making, and coordinated execution. This integrates the traditionally independent and experience-based surface pumping and pit drainage methods into a unified, coordinated, and organic whole. It solves the fundamental problems of poor controllability and insufficient adaptability of single drainage methods at the system level, laying a structural foundation for achieving safe, efficient, and controllable water drainage.

[0020] Based on this, by introducing the rate of water level decline and the characteristics of the replenishment water source identified based on water temperature data as core decision parameters for collaborative control, the dynamic performance (rate) of the dredging process and its intrinsic causes (strength of replenishment) are correlated and comprehensively judged. This improves the control logic from simply draining when the water level is high to differentiated regulation based on rate and causes. When the rate is insufficient, it can accurately distinguish between the characteristics of water accumulation in the goaf and the target water accumulation that needs to be drained. The regulation prioritizes pumping upwards to stabilize and lower the water level, or strengthens downward drainage to increase the rate of water level decline, or drains residual water in the goaf of the roadway pillar, thereby improving the scientific nature of decision-making and the accuracy of control, and effectively avoiding the risk of rock stress imbalance caused by misjudgment.

[0021] Subsequently, by solidifying the aforementioned intelligent decision-making logic into the collaborative control module, and relying on a reliably deployed monitoring network and structurally optimized execution units (such as drainage wells located at the low points of the base plate and water discharge holes that terminate at the water-conducting fracture zone), the optimal control commands are automatically and in real time generated and executed. This not only improves the comprehensive processing efficiency of dynamic replenishment and static reserves and shortens the overall drainage cycle, but also ensures that the entire drainage process remains safe and controllable through continuous closed-loop operation, reducing the impact on mining and stripping production. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a network-based monitoring-based drainage system for water accumulation in goaf areas, provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a surface dewatering well provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a drainage hole in a pit provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a temporary work platform and drilling rig layout provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a temporary work platform structure provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the curve of water level / water temperature changing over time, provided by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic flowchart of a network monitoring-based method for draining water accumulation in goaf areas provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the protection scope of this invention.

[0031] In the field of coal mine water control, especially for water accumulation in old goaf areas formed under open-pit mines, safe and effective drainage is a key link in ensuring the safety of mining and stripping operations above. Traditional treatment methods mainly rely on relatively independent engineering means, such as constructing separate surface drainage wells for long-term pumping, or constructing drainage holes in the pit for one-time or phased water release.

[0032] However, these traditional methods have significant limitations: on the one hand, surface drainage and pit drainage operations often lack coordination and are difficult to form a combined force based on the dynamics of water accumulation; on the other hand, the drainage process mainly relies on phased manual measurement and experience judgment, which cannot achieve real-time, continuous, and networked monitoring of key parameters such as water level and water temperature, resulting in lagging regulation and low drainage efficiency.

[0033] Furthermore, the existing technologies struggle to address the complexity of water accumulation systems in old goaf areas. Goaf water typically consists of both dynamic recharge (such as aquifer infiltration) and static storage, and the hydrogeological characteristics vary significantly across different regions (e.g., pillar-type goaf and longwall goaf). Traditional single strategies cannot differentiate between and treat these two water sources, nor can they flexibly adapt to the water accumulation characteristics of different areas. This can easily lead to incomplete local drainage or improper overall water level control, potentially impacting production due to slow drainage or affecting the stability of overlying strata due to sudden drops in water level.

[0034] In addition, while existing monitoring technologies can provide fixed-point water level data, the monitoring points are usually sparse and the data is isolated, making it difficult to form a situational awareness covering the entire area. At the same time, water temperature, an important tracer parameter, is rarely used systematically to determine the source and intensity of replenishment online, resulting in insufficient data support for control decisions and affecting the safety, economy and final effect of the entire dredging process.

[0035] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a network-based monitoring-based system and method for coordinated drainage of water accumulation in goaf areas. By constructing an integrated monitoring network and an intelligent collaborative control platform, it enables coordinated regulation and optimized management of both surface pumping (upward pumping) and underground drainage (downward drainage).

[0036] The following is combined Figure 1 The present invention provides a detailed description of the network-based monitoring-based collaborative drainage system for water accumulation in goaf areas.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a network-based collaborative drainage system for water accumulation in goaf areas, provided by the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the network-based goaf water accumulation collaborative drainage system includes: a data acquisition module 101, a surface pumping module 102, an underground drainage module 103, and a collaborative control module 104.

[0038] In some embodiments, the data acquisition module 101 includes a monitoring network deployed in the goaf area, which is used to collect water level data and water temperature data of the goaf area in real time.

[0039] For example, the monitoring network includes multiple monitoring holes arranged according to specific principles, and its deployment must meet the requirements of coverage, representativeness and reliability.

[0040] Specifically, the location of monitoring wells needs to cover different types of areas within the goaf. For example, a complex goaf formed by historical underground mining may contain both pillar-type goaf formed by pillar mining and longwall goaf formed by longwall mining. These two types of areas differ in their water accumulation and migration patterns due to variations in mining methods, roof management, and collapse characteristics. Therefore, the monitoring network needs to cover at least both types of goaf.

[0041] For example, taking the cross-boundary goaf of Mining B beneath Open-pit Coal Mine A as an example, targeted borehole layout can be carried out based on its mining engineering plan. The goaf generally presents a terrain that is high in the west and low in the east. The western side is a pillar-type goaf with a relatively high coal seam floor elevation (e.g., +348 meters), while the eastern side is a longwall mining area with a relatively low floor elevation (e.g., +204 meters).

[0042] At this point, several (e.g., four) monitoring wells (labeled K1, K2, K3, and K4) can be deployed at the high points of the western side of the goaf to monitor the initial water level and its changes. Simultaneously, additional monitoring wells (e.g., K5 and K6) can be deployed in the central and eastern parts of the goaf to track the entire dynamic process of the water level moving eastward as the water level drops and the project progresses, ultimately leading to complete drainage. This forms a three-dimensional monitoring network capable of tracking the water level changes throughout the entire cycle of the goaf's water accumulation, from its initial state to complete drainage.

[0043] Furthermore, to ensure effective capture of spatial water level changes within the same type of area, the distance between two adjacent monitoring wells should be no less than a predetermined distance, such as no less than 100 meters. Meanwhile, to ensure the reliability of the monitoring data and facilitate cross-validation, at least two monitoring wells should be arranged within each type of goaf.

[0044] In some embodiments, the construction of the monitoring borehole needs to ensure its long-term stability and data accuracy. For this purpose, the monitoring borehole can adopt a multi-stage sleeve structure.

[0045] Specifically, the structure includes a first-stage casing and a second-stage casing. During construction, the first-stage borehole is first drilled, with a diameter of, for example, Φ180 mm. After drilling to a certain depth in the stable bedrock (for example, 12 meters into the bedrock), the first-stage casing with a diameter of, for example, Φ168 mm is lowered in and cement grout is used to consolidate the entire section to isolate the upper unstable strata and aquifer.

[0046] After the first-stage casing is consolidated, the second-stage hole is drilled, with a diameter of, for example, Φ152 mm, to the designed final hole depth (usually requiring entry into the water accumulation range of the goaf or a stable observation layer). Then, the second-stage casing (also known as the "through-the-hole casing") with a diameter of, for example, Φ108 mm and a wall thickness of not less than 6 mm is lowered down to the bottom of the hole.

[0047] For example, a water level telemetry device is installed inside this multi-stage casing structure. This water level telemetry device is an intelligent device that integrates pressure sensing and temperature sensing functions, and can continuously and automatically measure the water level (converted through pressure sensing) and water temperature in the hole.

[0048] Specifically, the water level telemetry instrument communicates with an intrinsically safe hydrological monitoring signal converter deployed underground in the mine via a fieldbus, such as a controller area network (CAN) bus. The signal converter converts and integrates the collected analog or digital signals, and then transmits the water level and temperature data in real time to a ground-based computer server or cloud platform via the mine's industrial ring network or wired / wireless methods.

[0049] For example, by deploying a ground-based water level monitoring and early warning platform, engineers can view the water level elevation, water temperature values, and historical change curves of all monitoring wells in real time at the command center.

[0050] In some embodiments, the surface pumping module 102 includes at least one surface dewatering well for extracting large volumes of dynamic recharge water (such as aquifer infiltration or lateral groundwater recharge) from the goaf.

[0051] Specifically, surface drainage wells have a specific wellbore structure to ensure their pumping efficiency and lifespan.

[0052] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, this drainage well is a vertical borehole structure, mainly consisting of the following components from top to bottom: The uppermost part of the wellbore is the cemented section 201, which uses cement grout to firmly bond the casing to the surrounding strata, providing permanent water stoppage and stabilizing the wellhead; below this is the open casing 202, a larger diameter casing lowered after the initial borehole opening, typically penetrating the topsoil and loose overburden to a certain depth into stable bedrock; below the open casing, the wellbore is surrounded by sand and gravel filter material 203, which wraps around the screen pipe and effectively filters underground... Fine particles in the water prevent silt from entering the well. Located in the center of the well shaft and surrounded by sand and gravel filter material is the perforated screen pipe 204, which is a pipe section with dense filter holes. It allows water to flow into the well while blocking larger rock cuttings and impurities. The bottom of the goaf 205 indicates that the drainage well has been exposed and has penetrated to the bottom plate of the target goaf water accumulation layer. At the very bottom, there is a sedimentation pipe 206 connected to a section of solid pipe. Its bottom is closed and is used to settle and collect a small amount of extremely fine silt that enters the well with the water flow, preventing it from accumulating in the screen pipe section and affecting the water flow efficiency.

[0053] Furthermore, the location of the surface drainage wells is determined based on the exploration data of the goaf floor morphology. The principle is to prioritize their placement in areas within the goaf that are relatively low in elevation to the floor and have good connectivity.

[0054] For example, taking the A open-pit mine as an example, according to the exploration results of the goaf area, the elevation of the northeastern floor is relatively low. Therefore, it is possible to design and construct three surface dewatering wells at suitable locations near the eastern and northeastern boundaries of the goaf area, on the northern working side of the mine.

[0055] In some embodiments, the underground drainage module 103 includes at least one pit drainage hole, the opening of which is provided with a water control component for controllable discharge of accumulated water in the mining subsidence area. Its advantage lies in the targeted drainage of local water-rich areas or residual accumulated water.

[0056] Specifically, the final landing point of the drainage hole should be located within the water-conducting fracture zone of the overlying strata of the goaf. The water-conducting fracture zone refers to an area in the strata above the goaf formed by mining activities, characterized by well-developed and interconnected fractures, serving as the main channel for water accumulation and flow. Designing the final landing point within the water-conducting fracture zone (e.g., at an elevation between +270 meters and +290 meters) ensures effective communication between the borehole and the accumulated water while preventing the borehole from entering an unstable collapse zone and thus avoiding construction risks.

[0057] For example, in order to achieve controllable discharge flow, a water control component is installed at the outlet of the discharge hole, which includes at least one control valve (such as a gate valve or ball valve) installed on the outlet pipe.

[0058] In addition, the water control components are usually equipped with pressure gauges and flow meters to monitor orifice pressure and real-time flow.

[0059] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the installation sequence of the drainage hole device in the pit is as follows: starting from the hole flange, connect the pressure gauge 301, control valve 302, main control water gate valve 303, filter plate 304, flow meter 305 in sequence, and finally lead the water flow to the drainage ditch through the hose 306, so that the operator can accurately control the water flow by adjusting the valve opening according to the instructions, and realize stepless control from fully open to closed.

[0060] Furthermore, to ensure the stability and safety of the drilling of the drainage holes in the pit, a dedicated temporary working platform needs to be constructed before construction. Also, since the bottom plate of the stripping bench in open-pit mines often contains blasting debris, it is difficult to directly meet the requirements for stable operation of the drilling rig, so a concrete platform needs to be poured.

[0061] For example, such as Figure 4As shown, the key fixed component of the temporary working platform is the anchor point 401, which is usually a sturdy component pre-embedded in the concrete foundation to resist the huge reaction force and vibration generated during drilling operations. The core of the working platform is the drilling rig body 402, which includes the drill rod 403, installed on the drilling rig base and tracks 404. The tracked base provides good ground adaptability and ease of movement, while the entire drilling rig is reliably anchored to the anchor point 401 through connecting parts such as iron chains 405, thereby effectively transferring the working load to the stable foundation and preventing the drilling rig from slipping or overturning during drilling, especially when pulling out the drill rod.

[0062] like Figure 5 As shown, the overall structure and composition of the temporary work platform are illustrated through the correspondence between the plan view and the sectional views. The plan view shows the rectangular outline of the platform and its different structural zones (such as "I" and "II" areas). The two sectional views (Section II and Section II-II) respectively show the internal structural layers of the platform in the width and length directions.

[0063] In some embodiments, the collaborative control module 104 is the core decision-making unit of the system, and its communication connection is to the data acquisition module 101, the surface pumping module 102 and the underground drainage module 103.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, the collaborative control module 104 is configured to dynamically coordinate the operation of the surface pumping module 102 and the underground drainage module 103 based on the water level and water temperature data provided in real time by the data acquisition module 101, as well as the type characteristics and dredging stage of the goaf.

[0065] Among them, the types of goaf include at least: roadway pillar goaf and long arm goaf.

[0066] In this embodiment of the invention, the drainage stage refers to different periods divided according to the dynamic change of the water level in the goaf relative to the preset drainage target, and can generally be divided into two main stages: The first stage (i.e., the rapid water level reduction stage) refers to the period when the current water level is significantly higher than the target water level. The main engineering objective during this stage is to lower the water level as quickly as possible to eliminate the threat of sudden water inrush and create a safe space for upstream mining and stripping operations.

[0067] The second stage (i.e., the steady and final stage of water level reduction): refers to the period when the current water level is close to the target water level. The main objective in this stage is to achieve a steady and controllable decline in water level, avoid sudden drops in water level that could cause rock instability, and handle residual water accumulation and dynamic replenishment water.

[0068] Specifically, the collaborative control module 104 is further configured to execute a set of intelligent analysis and decision-making processes.

[0069] For example, the current rate of water level decline is calculated based on time-series water level data, and the difference between the current water level and the target water level is determined. The rate of water level decline and the current water level are direct quantitative indicators for assessing the progress of evacuation. For instance, the system can periodically (e.g., hourly) read water level data from representative monitoring wells and calculate the water level decline per unit time to obtain the current average rate of water level decline V. current (Unit: meters / day)

[0070] Meanwhile, based on time-series water temperature data, it identifies the characteristics and distribution of water supply sources for water accumulation in goaf areas by analyzing water temperature change patterns. Specifically, it generates water temperature change curves over time from water temperature data from different monitoring wells, and by comparing the uniformity of water temperature data distribution, it determines the connection between dynamic replenishment enhancement and water level in the goaf area.

[0071] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, the vertical axis on the left is the water level axis, with values ​​ranging from 345.57 to 370, and the unit is labeled "water level (meters)"; the vertical axis on the right is the water temperature axis, with values ​​ranging from 0 to 25, and the unit is clearly labeled "water temperature (°C)", representing Celsius temperature; the horizontal axis at the bottom of the chart is the time axis, with values ​​ranging from 13 to 23, representing specific times of day (e.g., 13:00 to 23:00).

[0072] Then, based on the water level and water temperature characteristics, specific control commands are generated to adjust the coordination between the pumping operation of the surface drainage well and the water discharge operation of the pit discharge hole.

[0073] For example, it can generate control commands based on the rate of water level decline, the difference between the current water level and the target water level, and the characteristics and distribution of the water supply source.

[0074] It should be noted that the distribution of water temperature data includes its characteristics in both spatial and temporal dimensions: Spatial distribution status: refers to the differences and uniformity of water temperature values ​​measured at different locations (each monitoring well) within the goaf during the same time period. For example, if the water temperature values ​​of each monitoring well differ significantly and have a large standard deviation, it indicates that the water temperature is unevenly distributed in space, and there may be local heat sources or water sources of different temperatures replenishing the area. Conversely, if the water temperature values ​​of each well are similar and fluctuate little, it indicates that the water temperature is evenly distributed in space, which may reflect that the water in the goaf is well mixed and in a relatively stable state.

[0075] Temporal variation status: refers to the trend of water temperature change over time at a specific monitoring point. For example, whether the water temperature remains stable, or whether there are sudden changes (such as a significant increase or decrease in a short period of time) or continuous directional changes (such as a continuous trend of rising or falling temperature for several hours or days).

[0076] For example, the logic for generating control instructions described above can be specified in the following two typical scenarios: 1) When the goaf is a pillar-type goaf and residual water needs to be drained, if the water temperature data of the goaf is unevenly distributed, or the difference between the current water level and the target water level is greater than the first preset threshold, a control command is generated to enable or increase the number of drainage holes in the pit.

[0077] The first preset threshold can be a value set manually, which can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual scenario.

[0078] Specifically, when the monitoring shows that the water temperature data distribution in the goaf is uneven and the current water level drop rate is lower than the required dredging target rate, the collaborative control module 104 determines that the main problem is that the short-term dredging pressure is large and the water level in the goaf is high (i.e. the difference between the current water level and the target water level is greater than the first preset threshold), and the water in the goaf needs to be dredged quickly, thereby generating an instruction to activate or enhance the operation of the pit drainage hole.

[0079] For example, instructions can take two forms or a combination of both: one is to adjust the opening of a specific drain valve to increase the flow rate of a single drain (such as "adjust the opening of the butterfly valve of drain hole D5 on the +311 flat plate from 50% to 80%)"; the other is to direct the construction of a new drain hole or to open a completed test drain hole to increase the number of drain points (such as "immediately construct drain hole D8" and "open the gate valve of drain hole D3").

[0080] 2) When the goaf is a long arm goaf and residual water needs to be pumped out, if the water temperature data of the goaf is uniformly distributed, or the difference between the current water level and the target water level is less than the second preset threshold, a control command is generated to activate the surface drainage well and close or reduce the number of drainage holes in the pit.

[0081] The second preset threshold can be a manually set value, which can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual scenario.

[0082] Specifically, when the calculated current water level drop rate meets the target dredging rate, the water temperature data in the goaf is evenly distributed, and the difference between the water level data and the target water level is small (i.e., the difference between the current water level and the target water level is less than the second preset threshold), and it is necessary to stably and continuously drain the water accumulated in the goaf, the collaborative control module 104 determines that the main contradiction lies in the need to improve the efficiency of the dredging well and reduce the efficiency of the water discharge hole.

[0083] For example, the instructions could be: "Start the No. 3 standby drainage well located on the north working side and set its pump frequency to 50Hz", or "Adjust the opening of the butterfly valve of the D5 drain hole on the +311 flat plate from 80% to 0%", with the aim of prioritizing the increase of the "upward pumping" capacity to ensure stable drainage of water levels.

[0084] Thus, through the above-mentioned system, the present invention has constructed a complete technical system from data acquisition to dual-path drainage of surface pumping and underground drainage, and then to collaborative control, realizing accurate, safe and efficient management of the drainage process of water accumulation in old mining areas.

[0085] The following is combined Figure 7 This invention describes a method for draining accumulated water in goaf areas based on network monitoring.

[0086] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating a network-based method for draining water accumulation in goaf areas, as provided by the present invention. Figure 7 As shown, the method includes the following: S701. Real-time data collection of water level and temperature within the goaf area via a monitoring network.

[0087] In some embodiments, multiple monitoring wells can be planned and constructed to form a monitoring network, depending on the extent, type, and geological conditions of the goaf.

[0088] The arrangement of monitoring holes must cover different types of areas, such as roadway pillar goaf and longwall goaf, and maintain a reasonable hole spacing (e.g., not less than 100 meters) within the same type of area.

[0089] For example, taking the cross-boundary goaf area of ​​Mining B beneath Open Mine A as an example, according to its mining engineering plan, several monitoring holes (such as K1-K4) can be arranged at the high points of the western pillar-type goaf area, and monitoring holes (such as K5, K6) can be arranged in the eastern and central areas to track the water level change process of the entire area from west to east.

[0090] Specifically, each monitoring well is constructed according to the aforementioned multi-stage casing structure and equipped with a water level telemetry instrument; data from all monitoring wells are transmitted in real time to the surface water level monitoring and early warning platform via the mine's industrial ring network. The platform centrally displays the water level elevation, water temperature values, and historical curves of each well, achieving 24 / 7 uninterrupted automated data acquisition and storage.

[0091] S702. Calculate the current rate of water level decline based on water level data, and determine the difference between the current water level and the target water level.

[0092] In some embodiments, a collaborative control algorithm deployed on a server or in the cloud can analyze the current rate of water level decline and the characteristics of the replenishment water source. The algorithm periodically (e.g., hourly) reads the latest water level data from a designated monitoring well (typically a representative well located in a water level-sensitive area).

[0093] For example, the difference in water level between the current moment and the previous calculation period is calculated, and then divided by the time interval to obtain the current average rate of water level decline V. current This rate reflects the overall effect of recent evacuation operations.

[0094] S703. Identify the characteristics and distribution of water supply sources for water accumulation in goaf areas based on water temperature data.

[0095] For example, the information contained in the water temperature data is interpreted, and the water temperature change curve of each monitoring well over time is continuously plotted and analyzed.

[0096] Furthermore, the algorithm identifies the characteristics of dynamic replenishment enhancement. When the algorithm detects the following conditions in the water temperature curve of a monitoring well, it determines that it is a dynamic replenishment enhancement: 1) Sudden change: The water temperature changes significantly within a short period of time, exceeding the measurement error and normal fluctuations.

[0097] 2) Continuous directional change: The water temperature shows a continuous upward or downward trend and exceeds a predetermined duration threshold (e.g., 24 hours).

[0098] For example, combining Figure 6 If the curve shows that the water temperature starts to rise continuously from the 15th hour and deviates from the original stable range, it is identified as a dynamic replenishment enhancement feature; if the water temperature curves of all monitoring wells are stable, it is determined that the feature has not been identified.

[0099] It should be noted that the relevant description of the distribution state can be found in the detailed description of the distribution state in the above system embodiments. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0100] S704. Generate coordinated control commands based on the rate of water level decline, the difference between the current water level and the target water level, and the characteristics and distribution status of the water supply source.

[0101] Optionally, before generating the command, the current water level drop rate V obtained from the analysis needs to be calculated. current With respect to the preset demand evacuation target rate V target Compare them.

[0102] Among them, V target These are key thresholds pre-set based on the physical and mechanical properties of the rock strata in the mining area, water safety regulations, and engineering experience, aiming to ensure a gradual decline in water level and prevent the induction of secondary disasters.

[0103] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset target rate for evacuation can be set comprehensively based on the geological survey report of the mining area, the observation data of rock strata movement, and the engineering analogy method. For example, the target rate for evacuation can be set to 0.1 meters per day.

[0104] In one alternative implementation, when the rate of water level decline is lower than the target rate of water level dredging, the water temperature data distribution in the goaf is identified as uneven based on water temperature data, and the water level in the goaf is high (i.e., the difference between the current water level and the target water level is greater than a first preset threshold), an instruction is generated to enable or enhance the operation of the drainage hole in the pit.

[0105] Specifically, the instruction can be expressed in two forms or a combination of both.

[0106] For example, the opening of the control valve on the drain hole in the pit can be adjusted to increase the flow rate of a single hole. The instruction can be specified as: "Adjust the opening of the butterfly valve on drain hole D5 of the +311 flat plate from 50% to 80%." This instruction is executed via a remote control system or by on-site personnel to increase the discharge capacity of that single hole.

[0107] For example, the number of drainage holes in the pit that can be used simultaneously for water discharge operations can be increased. The instructions can be given as: "Immediately construct drainage hole D8 at the design location of the +308 level plate" and "Open the gate valve of the completed drainage hole D3" to improve the overall "drainage" capacity by increasing the number of drainage points.

[0108] In another alternative implementation, when the calculated current water level drop rate meets the target dredging rate, the water temperature data in the goaf is evenly distributed, and the difference between the current water level and the target water level is small (i.e., the difference between the current water level and the target water level is less than the second preset threshold), and stable and continuous dredging of the goaf water is required, an instruction is generated to start or enhance the efficiency of the dredging well and reduce the efficiency of the drain hole.

[0109] Specifically, the instruction is translated into an executable operation command. For example, the instruction could be: "Start the No. 3 standby drainage well located on the north working side and set its pump frequency to 50Hz", or "Adjust the opening of the butterfly valve of the D5 drain hole on the +311 flat plate from 80% to 0%", aiming to prioritize increasing the "upward pumping" capacity to ensure stable water level drainage.

[0110] Thus, this invention, through intelligent decision-making based on dual criteria of water level and water temperature characteristics, elevates the control logic from the traditional single water level response to differentiated regulation based on the causes of insufficient rate, thereby improving the scientific nature and accuracy of the control strategy.

[0111] S705. Execute the coordinated control command to dynamically adjust the pumping operation of the corresponding surface drainage well and the water discharge operation of the pit discharge hole.

[0112] In some embodiments, the execution of the instruction can be completed remotely through an automated system, or it can be executed on-site after the system issues the instruction and the person confirms it. After the instruction is executed, the water accumulation status of the goaf will change.

[0113] For example, when the command to enhance pumping is executed, the data acquisition module 101 will monitor that the rate of water level drop in the relevant area is accelerating, and the flow meter of the ground pumping module 102 will record the increased pumping volume.

[0114] Specifically, newly generated status data (water level, water temperature, flow rate) can be immediately fed back to S701 as input for a new round of data acquisition, entering the next cycle. Through continuous closed-loop feedback and adjustment, the dredging process can be adaptively made to dynamically approach and maintain a safe and efficient state.

[0115] Thus, this invention, by using networked real-time monitoring as the sensing basis and dual analysis of water level drop rate and water temperature characteristics as the core of judgment, and by coordinating pumping and drainage, effectively avoids the risk of rock instability caused by a sudden drop in water level, prevents erroneous decisions during the replenishment enhancement period, and thereby improves the efficiency and safety of dredging.

[0116] It should be noted that all actions involving the acquisition of signal information or data in this invention are carried out in compliance with the relevant data protection laws and regulations of the country where the invention is located, and with the authorization granted by the owner of the relevant device.

[0117] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A goaf water accumulation and coordinated drainage system based on network monitoring, characterized in that, The application relates to a water drainage system for a goaf, comprising: a data acquisition module comprising a monitoring network arranged in the goaf, for acquiring water level data and water temperature data of the goaf in real time; a ground water pumping module comprising at least one ground dewatering well for pumping water accumulated in the goaf; an underground water drainage module comprising at least one pit water drainage hole, the hole mouth of the pit water drainage hole being provided with a water control assembly for controllably draining the water accumulated in the goaf; a cooperative control module communicatively connected to the data acquisition module, the ground water pumping module and the underground water drainage module; the cooperative control module is configured to dynamically coordinate the operation of the ground water pumping module and the underground water drainage module based on the water level data, the water temperature data, and the type characteristics and dewatering stage of the goaf.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein, The cooperative control module is specifically configured to: calculate a current water level drop rate based on the water level data, and determine the difference between the current water level and a target water level; identify the characteristics and distribution state of a recharge water source of the water accumulated in the goaf based on the water temperature data; generate a control instruction to adjust the cooperative relationship between the water pumping operation of the ground dewatering well and the water drainage operation of the pit water drainage hole according to the water level drop rate, the difference between the current water level and the target water level, and the characteristics and distribution state of the recharge water source.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein, The cooperative control module generates the control instruction according to the water level drop rate, the difference between the current water level and the target water level, and the characteristics and distribution state of the recharge water source, including: when the goaf is a lane-column goaf and residual water needs to be dewatered, if it is monitored that the water temperature data of the goaf is unevenly distributed, or the difference between the current water level and the target water level is greater than a first preset threshold, a control instruction for enabling or increasing the number of pit water drainage holes is generated; when the goaf is a long-arm goaf and residual water needs to be pumped and drained, if it is monitored that the water temperature data of the goaf is evenly distributed, or the difference between the current water level and the target water level is less than a second preset threshold, a control instruction for enabling the ground dewatering well and closing or reducing the number of pit water drainage holes is generated.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein, The monitoring network comprises a plurality of monitoring holes; wherein the arrangement positions of the monitoring holes cover different types of goafs, and the different types of goafs at least include lane-column goafs and long-wall goafs; in a same type of goaf, the spacing between two adjacent monitoring holes is not less than a predetermined spacing.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein, The monitoring hole has a multistage casing structure, comprising: a first-stage casing which is lowered through a first-stage opening and is consolidated; a second-stage casing which is lowered through a second-stage opening and penetrates to the bottom of the hole; a water level telemeter is installed in the monitoring hole for acquiring the water level data and water temperature data.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein, The well structure of the ground dewatering well comprises: a water stop casing section and a filter pipe section with a predetermined length arranged at the lower end of the water stop casing section; the arrangement position of the ground dewatering well is determined based on the floor profile of the goaf, and the ground dewatering well is arranged in the low point area of the floor of the goaf.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein, The final hole landing point of the underground drainage hole is located in a water-conducting fissure zone of the overburden strata of the goaf, and the water-conducting fissure zone is a connected fissure development area in the overburden strata of the goaf after the goaf is formed; the water control assembly at least includes a control valve installed at the hole mouth, which is used to controllably adjust the drainage flow.

8. A goaf water accumulation and coordinated drainage method based on network monitoring, characterized in that, The method comprises: Real-time acquisition of water level data and water temperature data in the goaf by monitoring the network; Based on the water level data, the current water level drop rate is calculated, and the difference between the current water level and the target water level is determined; Based on the water temperature data, the characteristics and distribution state of the recharge source of the goaf water are identified; According to the water level drop rate, the difference between the current water level and the target water level, and the characteristics and distribution state of the recharge source, a cooperative control instruction is generated; The cooperative control instruction is executed to dynamically adjust the pumping operation of the corresponding ground dewatering well and the drainage operation of the underground drainage hole.

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