True GIS equipment fault simulation device and simulation method

Abstract

The invention provides a real-type GIS equipment fault simulation device and simulation method, and the device comprises a 750kV high-voltage circuit breaker, an isolation / grounding switch and a basin-type insulator, is connected with 750kV high voltage through a 750kV sleeve assembly, and comprises a gas chamber, a bus section and a free discharge experiment cabin. The bus section comprises a 750kV elbow bus with a particle trapper interface, a 750kV three-way bus, a 750kV end bus and a 750kV straight bus with a particle trapper interface, the number of the air chambers is five, and the five air chambers are three air chambers without particle trapping and two air chambers with particle trapping. The device has the advantages that typical faults such as insulator surface flashover, discharge between contacts and discharge of the contacts to the shell in actual operation can be accurately reproduced, and meanwhile the voltage conversion insulating sleeve and the discharge particle capturing function are integrated. The device is especially suitable for reliability verification and various discharge experiments of GIS equipment in severe environments such as high altitude and low temperature, and provides key technical support for safe operation of a power system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of high-voltage electrical equipment testing technology, specifically relating to a true-model fault simulation device for gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of power systems, GIS equipment has been widely used due to its advantages such as small size, high reliability, and low maintenance. However, GIS equipment failures can lead to large-scale power outages and cause huge economic losses. Currently, GIS equipment failure simulation mainly relies on theoretical analysis and small-scale test devices, which are difficult to realistically simulate the actual operating conditions and failure scenarios of GIS equipment, especially in the simulation of faults such as insulator surface flashover, contact-to-contact discharge, and contact-to-ground discharge. Traditional test devices (such as CN 222866807U) cannot dynamically simulate complex fault scenarios such as surface flashover and floating potential discharge, and the fixed discharge gap can lead to distortion of the arc discharge process. In terms of voltage adaptability, existing variable diameter structures cannot achieve adaptive switching between 750kV and 330kV, and bushings are prone to cracking in low-temperature environments of -25℃. Existing technologies only reserve particulate capture interfaces on the busbar (as shown in Figure 13), resulting in particularly weak particulate pollution control. They lack in-situ capture and quantitative analysis capabilities, and cannot prevent cascading faults caused by particulate migration, leading to significant deviations between test data and actual operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention proposes a fault simulation device for real-world GIS equipment, and also proposes a fault simulation method for real-world GIS equipment.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention: A true GIS equipment fault simulation device, comprising a GIS basic module including a 750kV high-voltage circuit breaker, an isolating / grounding switch, and a basin-type insulator, connected to 750kV high-voltage electricity via a 750kV bushing assembly, containing air chambers, busbar sections, and a free discharge experimental chamber. The busbar section includes a 750kV bent busbar with a particulate trap interface, a 750kV T-busbar, a 750kV end busbar, and a 750kV straight busbar with a particulate trap interface. There are five air chambers: three without particulate traps and two with particulate traps. The 750kV T-busbar is connected to the 750kV bushing assembly via a bushing conductive rod and a transition plate. The 750kV T-busbar is located in one of the particulate trap air chambers. The two ends of the 750kV T-busbar are connected to the bushing assembly via basin-type insulators. The system connects to a 750kV end busbar and a 750kV high-voltage circuit breaker. The 750kV high-voltage circuit breaker is connected to a 750kV bent busbar with a particulate trap interface via a basin insulator. The 750kV high-voltage circuit breaker is located in another gas chamber with particulate trapping. The 750kV high-voltage circuit breaker is also connected to an isolating / grounding switch. The 750kV end busbar is connected to a 750kV straight busbar with a particulate trap interface via a basin insulator. The 750kV straight busbar with a particulate trap interface is connected to a bent busbar with a particulate trap interface via a basin insulator. The 750kV end busbar, the 750kV straight busbar with a particulate trap interface, and the 750kV bent busbar with a particulate trap interface are respectively placed in three gas chambers without particulate trapping. The 750kV end busbar is connected to a free discharge experimental chamber.

[0005] Furthermore, the isolating / grounding switch is connected to the isolating grounding switch support frame, the 750kV bent busbar with particulate trap interface is connected to the busbar support frame, and the 750kV bushing assembly is connected to the 750kV bushing base frame.

[0006] Furthermore, the bottom of the isolating grounding switch support frame, busbar support frame, and 750kV bushing base frame are all equipped with casters.

[0007] Preferably, both the gas chamber without particle capture and the gas chamber with particle capture are equipped with a gas charging and discharging fixture, which integrates a numerical pressure display and a valve with a gas pressure display.

[0008] Furthermore, the internal 750kV bend busbar with particulate trap interface has a non-particulate trap air chamber equipped with a valve with air pressure display.

[0009] Preferably, the gas chamber with particulate capture is equipped with a particulate capture device nozzle and an observation window.

[0010] The free discharge experimental chamber includes a motion discharge contact, an adjustable-diameter internal chamber, an observation window, a right insulating kit for the free discharge experimental chamber, and a servo cylinder. The outer layer of the internal chamber is the outer chamber, with the right and left chambers connected to its two ends respectively. The internal chamber is composed of four arc-shaped metal plates. Both the right and left chambers have four fixing grooves. The center of the right chamber is the servo cylinder connection hole, and an electric push rod is slidably connected in the fixing groove. The center of the left chamber is the right conductor connection hole of the GIS equipment, and a sliding block is slidably connected in the fixing groove. The arc-shaped metal plates have protruding fixing plates at both ends, which are fixed to the electric push rod and the sliding block respectively. The servo cylinder is fixed through the servo cylinder connection hole. The electric push rod is controlled by the controller to extend and retract synchronously. Changing the extension and retraction distance of the electric push rod changes the diameter of the internal chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, the free discharge experimental chamber is equipped with a grounding rod insertion point.

[0012] A method for simulating faults in a real GIS equipment is implemented using the aforementioned real GIS equipment fault simulation device. The steps are as follows: S1: Ensure that the environment meets the parameter requirements, fill the gas chamber with insulating gas through a gas filling and discharging fixture, and observe the gas pressure in the gas chamber and the casing through a numerical pressure display and a valve with a gas pressure display, so that the gas in the gas chamber reaches the target value. S2: Connect the measuring instrument to the system, connect the load power supply wire to the system bus and check whether the wiring is correct and whether the system parameters are normal; S3: After checking that everything is correct, start the load power supply and control the isolation / grounding switch to shut it off to simulate the fault state of the GIS equipment. Set up a high-speed camera in the observation window to record the movement trajectory of particles in the air chamber, the arc root position and arc dwell time, etc. Set up an infrared thermometer to measure the temperature distribution and change pattern inside the air chamber. S4: Position the moving discharge contact of the free discharge test chamber to the far right, with the inner outer shell having the largest diameter, and conduct a GIS insulator surface flashover simulation experiment. Slowly adjust the diameter of the inner chamber using an electric push rod to conduct a GIS equipment switch contact discharge simulation experiment with the outer shell at the target diameter. Restore the diameter of the inner chamber, and control the moving contact to move to the left using a servo electric cylinder. Change the distance between the two switch contacts at different speeds to conduct a GIS switch contact to contact discharge simulation experiment with different switch contact spacing and breaking speed. S5: After the test, turn off the power, close the isolation / grounding switch, and insert the grounding rod into the grounding rod socket to introduce the residual voltage in the equipment to the ground, ensuring the safety of the test personnel and equipment; S6: Analyze the influence mechanism of electro-mechanical-thermal-fluid coupling on the discharge characteristics and insulation breakdown mechanism of small lightweight GIS metal particles through experimental data; the correlation between the charged operation of different types of metal particles, insulation gap length and GIS metal particle discharge.

[0013] Furthermore, a vibration device is placed on the outer shell of the air chamber where the GIS basic module is located to simulate the phenomenon of GIS equipment components falling off due to vibration and forming freely movable discharge particles, repeating S1 to S6.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention can monitor the gas pressure value of SF6 gas in the gas chamber and the airtightness of the equipment in real time through a numerical pressure sensor.

[0015] 2. This invention allows for the study of the movement patterns of metal particles inside the gas chamber and the dynamic characteristics of the discharge arc by reserving an observation port in the gas chamber shell, providing sufficient theoretical basis for the development of corresponding suppression measures.

[0016] 3. This invention enables the conversion from 750kV voltage level to 350kV voltage level by utilizing a composite bushing.

[0017] 4. This invention adds a free discharge experimental chamber to the busbar side of a full-scale GIS simulation device to conduct discharge simulation experiments under different operating conditions and of different types. This allows for the extraction of discharge characteristics under different conditions and types, thereby improving the system's utilization and practicality.

[0018] 5. This invention, by designing a small-scale, realistic GIS simulation device with the same structure as real GIS equipment and adding some monitoring structures, can simulate the operation of GIS equipment under different working conditions.

[0019] 6. This invention uses a particle capture device to collect discharged particles in a collection container, analyze the particles, and simulate the operation of GIS in different particle environments.

[0020] 7. The present invention can detect the number of particles in the trap in real time and control the number of particles in the air chamber by placing an ultrasonic sensor array in the particle trapping device.

[0021] 8. This device can accurately reproduce typical faults in actual operation, such as insulator surface flashover, inter-contact discharge, and contact-to-shell discharge. It also integrates voltage conversion insulating bushing and discharge particle capture functions. It is particularly suitable for reliability verification of GIS equipment and various discharge experiments in harsh environments such as high altitudes and low temperatures, providing key technical support for the safe operation of power systems.

[0022] 9. The free discharge test chamber consists of a servo-driven electric cylinder-driven motion discharge contact, an adjustable-diameter internal chamber driven by an electric push rod, a fixed external chamber, left and right chambers, and an observation window. The left and right chambers are connected to the external chamber by a threaded structure. Discharge experiments can be carried out, such as contact discharge to a basin-type insulator at a voltage level of 750kV, contact discharge to contact at different distances and speeds, and contact discharge to metal shells of different diameters. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a front view of a true GIS equipment fault simulation device according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a right view of a true GIS equipment fault simulation device according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of a true-type GIS equipment fault simulation device according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is an electrical connection diagram of a true GIS equipment fault simulation device according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view of the composite insulating sleeve of the present invention. Figure 3 The I-point refers to the composite insulating sleeve. Figure 6 for Figure 5 N-direction view; Figure 7 for Figure 5 M-direction view; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the free discharge chamber structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a five-in-one diagram of the right side of the free discharge chamber of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a five-in-one diagram of the left side of the free discharge chamber of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a four-in-one diagram of the internal structure of the free discharge chamber of the present invention.

[0024] Figure reference numerals: 1-Single-phase 750kV circuit breaker; 2-750kV straight busbar with particulate trap interface; 3-750kV bent busbar with particulate trap interface; 4-750kV end busbar; 5-750kV tee busbar; 6-750kV bushing assembly; 7-750kV bushing base frame; 8-Isolating grounding switch support frame; 9-Busbar support frame; 10-Gas charging / discharging fixture; 11-Particulate trap device connector; 12-Observation window; 13-Gas chamber without particulate trap; 14-Gas chamber with particulate trap; 15-Busbar conductive rod 16-Grounding rod insertion point; 17-Pot-type insulator; 18-Free discharge test chamber; 19-Straight conductor; 20-Universal wheel; 21-Isolation / grounding switch; 22-Right insulation kit of free discharge test chamber; 23-Servo cylinder; 24-Right side chamber; 25-External chamber; 26-Left side chamber; 27-Internal chamber; 28-Electric push rod; 29-Threaded hole; 30-Fixing groove; 31-Servo cylinder connection hole; 32-Right side conductor connection hole of GIS equipment; 33-Arc-shaped metal plate; 34-Fixing plate; 35-Sliding block. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a true GIS equipment fault simulation device measures 6114×2983×6520 (mm) and includes four main modules: a basic GIS module, a busbar section, a bushing, and a free discharge experimental chamber.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a single-phase 750kV linear disconnector can be used to simulate the operation and fault conditions of a high-voltage disconnector; the 750kV straight busbar with a particulate trap interface and the 750kV bent busbar with a particulate trap interface can collect discharge particles through the particulate trap interface during fault simulation; the 750kV end busbar and the tee busbar constitute the busbar system of the GIS equipment, connecting various components and simulating power transmission and distribution; the straight conductor and the straight busbar form the conductive loop inside the GIS equipment, used to simulate current transmission during normal operation; the 750kV bushing assembly, the 750kV bushing base frame, the disconnector grounding switch support frame, and the busbar support frame are for the disconnector / grounding switch and the busbar... The system provides support to ensure structural stability. The gas filling and discharging fixture allows for the filling and discharging of SF6 gas inside the GIS equipment, maintaining the gas pressure within the set range and allowing for changes in the gas type. The integrated numerical pressure display and pressure-display valve in the gas filling and discharging fixture monitor and display the SF6 gas pressure in the chamber in real time, facilitating operator monitoring of the equipment status. A particulate trap connector connects to the particulate trap to collect particles generated during discharge, aiding in subsequent fault mechanism analysis and simulating fault characteristics of the GIS equipment in different particulate environments. An observation window allows for observation of the GIS equipment's internal operating conditions and fault phenomena. Gas chambers without and with adsorbents simulate the gas chamber environment of the GIS equipment under different conditions; the adsorbent is used to adsorb impurities in the gas. A grounding rod connection is used for grounding operations, ensuring the safe operation of the simulation device. The basin-type insulator, a crucial insulating component in the GIS equipment, simulates its insulation performance and fault conditions during actual operation. An isolating / grounding switch grounds the equipment, ensuring operational safety and, in conjunction with other components, simulates different fault types during fault simulation.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, the particulate capture device is connected to the air chamber where the busbar section is located via a particulate capture device connector. An electromagnetic adsorption trap is integrated at the bottom of the straight busbar in the air chamber. A gradient electric field is formed by applying a 200V DC bias voltage, achieving a capture efficiency of >95% for particles with a diameter ≥100μm. This unit is linked to pressure monitoring; when particle accumulation causes pressure fluctuations, the adsorption trap is automatically activated and the isolation valve is closed, effectively blocking the spread of pollution. An ultrasonic sensor array is installed in the particulate capture device to detect and control the number of particles in the particulate capture device and the air chamber in real time.

[0029] like Figure 2As shown, in addition to the GIS basic module, this invention also designs three busbar segment air chambers, in which discharge experiments of the busbar segment to the shell, discharge of the busbar segment to the insulator, and discharge experiments of the busbar port to the shell can be carried out. Furthermore, a particle capture device is placed below the air chambers where the L-shaped busbar segment and the straight busbar are located, which can simulate equipment faults under different particle types and quantities, establish a fault feature database, and provide clear and reliable basis for equipment fault diagnosis.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 8-11 As shown, the free discharge experimental chamber provides a relatively independent space for fault simulation, preventing the discharge phenomenon from affecting surrounding equipment. It can also simulate surface flashover faults of GIS equipment insulators using discharge contacts on basin-type insulators. A servo-driven electric cylinder is used to drive the moving contacts, accurately simulating contact-to-contact collision discharge faults of circuit breakers at different distances and speeds. An electric push rod controls the diameter of the internal metal chamber, accurately simulating discharge faults of GIS equipment circuit breaker contacts of different diameters on the metal casing. Its internal chamber is designed as follows... Figure 8-11 The structure shown includes a right-side compartment 24, an outer compartment 25, a left-side compartment 25, and an inner compartment 27. The inner compartment 27 consists of four arc-shaped metal plates 33 with an angle of 90°. The inner compartment 27 is located inside the outer compartment 25. The right-side compartment 24 and the left-side compartment 25 are respectively connected to the two ends of the outer compartment 25. The right-side compartment 24 and the left-side compartment 25 are provided with threaded holes 29 arranged in a ring array for screws to be driven into and connected to the outer compartment 25. Both the right-side compartment 24 and the left-side compartment 25 are provided with four fixing grooves 30. The center of the right-side compartment 24 is a servo electric cylinder connection hole 31. An electric push rod 28 is slidably connected in the fixing groove 30 (the telescopic rod part moves back and forth along the direction of the fixing groove, while the main body part is fixed). The center of the left compartment 25 is the right conductor connection hole 32 of the GIS equipment. A sliding block 35 is slidably connected in the fixing groove 30 (in reality, an electric push rod 28 that can slide along the fixing groove 30, similar to that of the right compartment 24, could also be used; however, using electric push rods on both sides would require higher control synchronization and increase costs). The curved metal plate 33 has protruding fixing plates 34 at both ends, which are fixed to the electric push rod 28 and the sliding block 35, respectively. A servo cylinder is connected via the servo cylinder connection hole 31. Several electric push rods 28 are controlled by the controller to extend and retract synchronously (the electric push rods 28 are adjusted appropriately before the servo cylinder 23 actuates). Changing the extension and retraction distance of the electric push rods 28 changes the diameter of the internal compartment, enabling the contacts to discharge to metal shells of different diameters. Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the left and right chambers have basically the same structure, with four fixed grooves. These grooves are slidably connected to the telescopic rod of the electric push rod 28 and the sliding block 35, and are equipped with limit stops. The limit stops ensure that the telescopic rod of the electric push rod 28 and the sliding block 35 can only slide within the fixed grooves, but cannot come out. This structure prevents the curved metal plate from shifting horizontally. The right chamber 24 and the left chamber 25 can be fixed to the outer chamber by using a threaded post passing through the external threaded hole. The only difference is that the diameter of the servo cylinder connection hole 31 of the right chamber 24 is different from that of the right conductor connection hole 32 of the GIS equipment in the left chamber. The right conductor of the GIS equipment passes through the right conductor connection hole 32 of the GIS equipment in the left chamber, bringing a 750kV voltage signal into the chamber, which can achieve discharge to the basin insulator. By controlling the reciprocating motion of the electric push rod 28, the speed and distance of the electric push rod 28 are controllable. After the diameter of the inner chamber 27 is adjusted appropriately, the motion electrode driven by the servo cylinder moves left and right, enabling contact-to-contact discharge experiments at different distances and speeds.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, the top view of a true GIS equipment fault simulation device is "L", which has a high space utilization rate.

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, a true GIS equipment fault simulation device includes five air chambers and one free discharge experimental chamber. It contains one 750kV three-way busbar, one 750kV bent busbar with a particle trap interface, one 750kV end busbar, and one 750kV straight busbar with a particle trap interface. The 750kV voltage is introduced into the device through a bushing and enters the GIS basic module and target line segment through QS. Another part is used for other discharge simulation experiments through the discharge contacts in the discharge experimental chamber.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the conductive rod and transition plate of the bushing constitute the conductive part of the bushing, as follows. Figures 5-7 As shown, the bushing used in this invention is a composite bushing, which integrates a 750 / 330 specification transformer, enabling voltage conversion between 750 and 330 (kV). The relevant parameters of GIS are (1) Rated voltage: 363kV for bushings, 750kV for others; (2) Rated current: 5000A; (3) Rated frequency: 50Hz; (4) Rated peak withstand current (peak value): 170kA; (5) Ambient temperature: -25℃ to +40℃; (6) Ground horizontal acceleration: 3 m / s²; (7) Altitude: ≤1500m; (8) Soil level: Level E; (9) Indoor humidity: The average daily relative humidity is less than 95%, and the average monthly relative humidity is less than 90%; (10) SF6 gas pressure in the gas chamber (gauge pressure 20℃): (11) The rated pressure of other air chambers is 0.5MPa, the make-up air pressure is 0.42MPa, and the minimum functional pressure is 0.4MPa; (12) The rated pressure of the casing gas chamber is 0.5MPa, the make-up gas pressure is 0.42MPa, and the minimum functional pressure is 0.4MPa; (13) Breaking pressure: 1.8 MPa for welded parts, 3.35 MPa for castings and sleeves; (14) None of the gas chambers in the engineering project contained rupture discs; (15) Local release is less than 5 pC; (16) The SF6 gas leakage rate is less than 0.3% / year.

[0034] GIS equipment fault simulation experiment plan and procedures S1: Ensure that the environment meets the parameter requirements. Fill the gas chamber with insulating gas such as SF6 through the gas filling and discharging fixture. At the same time, observe the gas pressure in the gas chamber and the bushing through the numerical pressure display and the valve with gas pressure display in the filling and discharging fixture to make the gas in the gas chamber reach the target value. S2: Connect the voltage probe and current probe and other measuring instruments to the system, connect the load power supply wire to the system bus and check whether the wiring is correct and whether the system parameters are normal. S3: After verification, start the load power supply and control the isolating switch to shut off to simulate the fault state of the GIS equipment. A high-speed camera is installed in the observation window to record the movement trajectory of particles in the gas chamber, the arc root position, and the arc duration. An infrared thermometer is installed to measure the temperature distribution and variation patterns inside the gas chamber. A numerical pressure display can monitor the SF6 gas pressure and airtightness in the gas chamber in real time (the leakage rate of the simulation device is <0.3% / year). The gas chamber with particle capture is connected to a particle capture device. By applying a weak electric field, the discharged particles can be collected in a collection container for subsequent analysis. This allows for understanding the material changes during the discharge process and the aging of the equipment, while also simulating the GIS operating conditions in different particle environments.

[0035] S4: Position the moving contact of the free discharge test chamber to the far right, with the inner outer shell having the largest diameter, and conduct a GIS insulator surface flashover simulation experiment. Slowly adjust the diameter of the inner chamber using an electric push rod to conduct a GIS equipment switch contact discharge simulation experiment with the outer shell at the target diameter. Restore the diameter of the inner chamber, and control the moving contact to move to the left using a servo electric cylinder. Change the distance between the two switch contacts at different speeds to conduct a GIS switch contact to contact discharge simulation experiment with different switch contact spacing and breaking speed. S5: After the test, turn off the power, close the grounding switch, and insert the grounding rod into the grounding rod socket to introduce the residual voltage in the equipment into the ground, ensuring the safety of the test personnel and equipment; S6: Analyze the influence mechanism of electro-mechanical-thermal-fluid coupling on the discharge characteristics and insulation breakdown mechanism of small lightweight GIS metal particles through experimental data; the correlation between the charged operation of different types of metal particles, insulation gap length and GIS metal particle discharge, etc. In addition, a vibration device such as a linear motor can be placed on the outer shell of the air chamber where the GIS basic module is located to simulate the phenomenon of GIS equipment components falling off due to vibration and forming freely moving discharge particles. S1 to S6 can be repeated.

Claims

1. A true GIS equipment fault simulation device, comprising a GIS basic module including a 750kV high-voltage circuit breaker (1), an isolating / grounding switch (21), and a basin-type insulator (17), and connected to 750kV high-voltage electricity through a 750kV bushing assembly (6), characterized in that: It contains air chambers, busbar sections, and a free discharge experimental chamber. The busbar section includes a 750kV bent busbar (3) with a particulate trap interface, a 750kV three-way busbar (5), a 750kV end busbar (4), and a 750kV straight busbar (2) with a particulate trap interface. There are five air chambers: three without particulate traps (13) and two with particulate traps (14). The 750kV three-way busbar (5) is connected to the 750kV bushing assembly (6) via a bushing conductive rod and a transition plate (15). The 750kV three-way busbar (5) is located in one of the particulate trap air chambers (14). The two ends of the 750kV three-way busbar (5) are connected to the 750kV end busbar (4) and the 750kV high-voltage circuit breaker (1) respectively via basin insulators (17). The 750kV high-voltage circuit breaker (1) is connected to the 750kV end busbar (4) and the 750kV high-voltage circuit breaker (1) via basin insulators (17). A 50kV bend busbar (3) with a particulate trap interface is located in another gas chamber (14) with particulate trap. The 750kV high voltage circuit breaker (1) is also connected to an isolating / grounding switch (21). The 750kV end busbar (4) is connected to the 750kV straight busbar (2) with a particulate trap interface via a basin insulator (17). The 750kV straight busbar (2) with a particulate trap interface is connected to the 750kV bend busbar (3) with a particulate trap interface via a basin insulator (17). The 750kV end busbar (4), the 750kV straight busbar (2) with a particulate trap interface, and the 750kV bend busbar (3) with a particulate trap interface are respectively placed in three gas chambers (13) without particulate trap. The 750kV end busbar (4) is connected to the free discharge experimental chamber (18).

2. The fault simulation device for real-world GIS equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isolating / grounding switch (21) is connected to the isolating / grounding switch support frame (8), the 750kV bent busbar (3) with particulate trap interface is connected to the busbar support frame (9), and the 750kV bushing assembly (6) is connected to the 750kV bushing base frame (7).

3. The fault simulation device for real-type GIS equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the isolating grounding switch support frame (8), busbar support frame (9), and 750kV bushing base frame (7) are all equipped with casters (20).

4. The fault simulation device for real-type GIS equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the gas chamber without particulate capture (13) and the gas chamber with particulate capture (14) are equipped with a gas charging and discharging fixture (10), which integrates a numerical pressure display and a valve with a gas pressure display.

5. The fault simulation device for real-type GIS equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior is a 750kV bent busbar (3) with a particulate trap interface, and the non-particulate trap air chamber (13) is equipped with a valve (12) with air pressure display.

6. The fault simulation device for real-world GIS equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas chamber (14) with particulate capture is equipped with a particulate capture device port (11) and an observation window.

7. The fault simulation device for real-type GIS equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The free discharge experimental chamber (18) includes a moving discharge contact, an adjustable diameter internal chamber (27), an observation window (12), a right insulation kit (22) for the free discharge experimental chamber, and a servo cylinder (23). The outer layer of the internal chamber (27) is an external chamber (25). The two ends of the external chamber (25) are connected to the right chamber (24) and the left chamber (25) respectively. The internal chamber (27) is composed of four arc-shaped metal plates (33). The right chamber (24) and the left chamber (25) are each provided with four fixing grooves (30). The center of the right chamber (24) is the servo cylinder connection hole (31). The electric push rod (28) is slidably connected in the fixed groove (30). The center of the left cabin (25) is the right conductor connection hole (32) of the GIS equipment. The sliding block (35) is slidably connected in the fixed groove (30). The arc-shaped metal plate (33) has protruding fixing plates (34) at both ends. The fixing plates (34) at both ends are fixed to the electric push rod (28) and the sliding block (35) respectively. The servo electric cylinder is fixed through the servo electric cylinder connection hole (31). The electric push rod (28) is controlled by the controller to extend and retract synchronously. Changing the extension and retraction distance of the electric push rod (28) changes the diameter of the internal cabin (27).

8. The fault simulation device for real-type GIS equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The free discharge experimental chamber (18) is equipped with a grounding rod insertion point (16).

9. A method for simulating faults in a real GIS equipment, implemented by the real GIS equipment fault simulation device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: S1: ensuring that the environment meets the parameter requirements, filling the gas chamber with insulating gas through a gas filling and discharging fixture, and observing the gas pressure in the gas chamber and the casing through a numerical pressure display and a valve with a gas pressure display, so that the gas in the gas chamber reaches the target value. S2: Connect the measuring instrument to the system, connect the load power supply wire to the system bus and check whether the wiring is correct and whether the system parameters are normal; S3: After checking that everything is correct, start the load power supply and control the isolation / grounding switch to shut it off to simulate the fault state of the GIS equipment. Set up a high-speed camera in the observation window to record the movement trajectory of particles in the air chamber, the arc root position and arc dwell time, etc. Set up an infrared thermometer to measure the temperature distribution and change pattern inside the air chamber. S4: Position the moving discharge contact of the free discharge test chamber to the far right, with the inner outer shell having the largest diameter, and conduct a GIS insulator surface flashover simulation experiment. Slowly adjust the diameter of the inner chamber using an electric push rod to conduct a GIS equipment switch contact discharge simulation experiment with the outer shell at the target diameter. Restore the diameter of the inner chamber, and control the moving contact to move to the left using a servo electric cylinder. Change the distance between the two switch contacts at different speeds to conduct a GIS switch contact to contact discharge simulation experiment with different switch contact spacing and breaking speed. S5: After the test, turn off the power, close the isolation / grounding switch, and insert the grounding rod into the grounding rod socket to introduce the residual voltage in the equipment to the ground, ensuring the safety of the test personnel and equipment; S6: Analyze the influence mechanism of electro-mechanical-thermal-fluid coupling on the discharge characteristics and insulation breakdown mechanism of small lightweight GIS metal particles through experimental data; the correlation between the charged operation of different types of metal particles, insulation gap length and GIS metal particle discharge.

10. The method for simulating faults in a real GIS equipment as described in claim 9, characterized in that: A vibration device is placed on the outer shell of the air chamber where the GIS basic module is located to simulate the phenomenon of particles falling off GIS equipment components due to vibration, forming freely movable discharge particles. S1 to S6 are repeated.

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