Multi-channel receiver and automatic gain control method
By sharing a low-noise amplifier across multiple receivers and employing a cooperative gain control strategy, the problems of high cost, large size, and high power consumption of traditional multi-channel receivers are solved, achieving a low-cost, miniaturized, and high-performance receiver design.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-31
AI Technical Summary
Traditional multi-channel receivers suffer from high hardware costs, large size, and high power consumption because each channel is equipped with an independent low-noise amplifier.
By sharing a single front-end low-noise amplifier across multiple receiving channels and employing a coordinated automatic gain control strategy, the states of the low-noise amplifier and the variable gain amplifier are adjusted according to the received signal energy value to achieve gain distribution.
It significantly reduces hardware complexity and cost, reduces PCB layout area, prevents receiver front-end saturation, and ensures reception performance.
Smart Images
Figure CN121770546A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention generally relates to the fields of wireless communication and electronic circuit technology. More specifically, this invention relates to a multi-channel receiver and an automatic gain control method. Background Technology
[0002] Multichannel receivers are widely used in modern wireless communication, radar detection, and electronic warfare systems. For example... Figure 1 As shown, a typical multichannel receiver architecture usually consists of N completely independent analog circuit channels and a back-end digital processing unit (such as an FPGA). It mainly comprises N analog circuits and an FPGA, where each analog circuit includes a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a variable gain amplifier (VGA / PGA), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), etc. The multichannel receiver can achieve independent signal acquisition and automatic gain control for each analog circuit within the FPGA. Each analog channel contains its own independent low-noise amplifier (LNA), variable gain amplifier (VGA / PGA), analog-to-digital converter (ADC), etc.
[0003] In this traditional architecture, the FPGA performs independent signal acquisition and automatic gain control for each channel. However, as the size of the antenna array increases (i.e., the number of channels N increases), this architecture, which equips each channel with an independent low-noise amplifier, reveals significant drawbacks: (1) High hardware cost: Each channel of the above multi-channel receiver requires a low noise amplifier. High-performance RF low noise amplifiers are expensive. N channels require N low noise amplifiers. In scenarios with a large number of antennas, the equipment size is large, which significantly increases the BOM cost.
[0004] (2) Large size: A large number of radio frequency devices occupy valuable PCB board area, which is not conducive to the miniaturization and integration of equipment.
[0005] (3) Power consumption problem: The simultaneous operation of N low-noise amplifiers will generate a large amount of power consumption and heat.
[0006] Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problems of poor reception performance, complex structure and high cost of multi-channel receivers. Summary of the Invention
[0007] To address one or more of the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a method where multiple receiving channels share a single front-end low-noise amplifier. Furthermore, a cooperative automatic gain control strategy resolves the gain allocation conflict caused by the shared low-noise amplifier, thus maintaining multi-channel receiving performance while significantly reducing hardware complexity and cost. To this end, this invention provides solutions in the following aspects.
[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an automatic gain control method for a multi-channel receiver, applied to a receiver including a low-noise amplifier and N parallel receiving channels, where N ≥ 2; the N receiving channels share the low-noise amplifier; the automatic gain control method includes: acquiring the energy value of the currently received signal of each receiving channel; calculating the target total gain value required by each receiving channel at the next moment based on the energy value; comparing the target total gain value of each channel with a preset fixed gain value of the low-noise amplifier; controlling the on or off state of the low-noise amplifier based on the comparison result, and independently adjusting the gain value of the variable gain amplifier in each receiving channel based on the state of the low-noise amplifier.
[0009] In one embodiment, controlling the on or off state of the low-noise amplifier based on the comparison result includes: determining whether the target total gain value of all channels is greater than the fixed gain value of the low-noise amplifier; if so, controlling the low-noise amplifier to be on, and the actual gain of the low-noise amplifier is the fixed gain value of the low-noise amplifier; if the target total gain value of at least one channel is less than or equal to the fixed gain value of the low-noise amplifier, controlling the low-noise amplifier to be off or bypassed, at which time the actual gain of the low-noise amplifier is 0.
[0010] In one embodiment, the gain value of the variable gain amplifier in each receiving channel is independently adjusted based on the state of the low-noise amplifier. The specific calculation formula is as follows: when the low-noise amplifier is in the ON state, Gain... vi =Gain next_i -Gain cont When the low-noise amplifier is in the off state, Gain vi =Gain next_i Gain vi Gain is the gain value of the variable gain amplifier. next_i Gain represents the target total gain value at the next time step. cont This is a fixed gain value.
[0011] In one embodiment, controlling the on / off state of the low-noise amplifier further includes a hysteresis control strategy: setting a gain hysteresis threshold. G; When the low-noise amplifier switches from off to on, the gain of all channels must be satisfied. next_i Gain cont + G; When the low-noise amplifier switches from the on to the off state, it only needs to satisfy the gain of any one channel. next_i <Gain cont This is to prevent frequent switching of the low-noise amplifier state.
[0012] In one embodiment, the energy value of the currently received signal of each receiving channel is obtained by performing power statistics on the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital converter of each channel in the digital signal processing module.
[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a multi-channel receiver, comprising: a low-noise amplifier, the input of which is connected to an antenna for pre-amplifying radio frequency signals; a power distribution unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the low-noise amplifier and has N output ports; N receiving channels, each connected to one of the N output ports of the power distribution unit; each receiving channel including a variable gain amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter in sequence along the signal flow direction; and an automatic gain control module connected to the output of the analog-to-digital converter of the N receiving channels, the control terminal of the variable gain amplifier, and the control terminal of the low-noise amplifier, respectively; the automatic gain control module is used to execute the automatic gain control method as described in one or more of the foregoing embodiments.
[0014] In one embodiment, the automatic gain control module is integrated into a field-programmable gate array or a digital signal processor.
[0015] In one embodiment, the low-noise amplifier has a bypass mode, and the off state corresponds to the bypass mode or power-off pass-through mode of the low-noise amplifier.
[0016] In one embodiment, N equals 4, the power distribution unit is a 1-to-4 power divider, and the receiver is used as the front end of a phased array radar or a multiple-input multiple-output communication system.
[0017] In one embodiment, the automatic gain control module contains N independent energy detection units and 1 central logic decision unit; the energy detection units are used to calculate the target total gain value at the next time step, and the central logic decision unit is used to generate a unique low-noise amplifier control signal based on all the target total gain values at the next time step.
[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: According to the solution of this invention, by reusing low-noise amplifiers, the number of low-noise amplifier devices is reduced by N-1 in multi-channel scenarios, which significantly reduces the PCB layout area and material cost. Moreover, the control logic tends to meet the minimum gain requirement, that is, as long as the signal of one channel is too strong, the low-noise amplifier will be turned off, which effectively prevents the problem of receiver front-end saturation caused by strong interference signals. At the same time, the independent variable gain amplifier in the subsequent stage ensures the gain compensation of weak signal channels, which effectively reduces the cost and size of multi-channel receivers and can achieve intelligent anti-saturation. Attached Figure Description
[0019] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent upon reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, several embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example and not limitation, and like or corresponding reference numerals denote like or corresponding parts, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a typical multichannel receiver architecture; Figure 2 This is a flowchart schematically illustrating an automatic gain control method for a multi-channel receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a multi-channel receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0022] Figure 2 This is a flowchart schematically illustrating an automatic gain control method 200 for a multi-channel receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the context of the present invention, the method can be applied to a multi-channel receiver gain control strategy comprising a low-noise amplifier and N parallel receiving channels, where N ≥ 2. The N receiving channels share the low-noise amplifier.
[0023] The signal received by the antenna is controlled by a common low-noise amplifier and independent variable gain control for four channels. The low-noise amplifier is controlled to minimize the total gain of the four channels. The total gain of each independent receiving channel and the state of the common low-noise amplifier determine the gain of the variable gain amplifier for each of the four channels. This application presents a simplified multi-channel receiver and automatic gain control method, which achieves multi-channel receiver functionality while reducing the size of the device and significantly reducing manufacturing costs.
[0024] like Figure 2As shown, in step S201, the energy value of the currently received signal of each receiving channel is obtained. In some embodiments, the energy value of the currently received signal of each receiving channel is obtained by performing power statistics on the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital converter of each channel in the digital signal processing module. The receiving end receives the radio frequency signal through the antenna. This signal is first processed by a common low-noise amplifier. In this embodiment, the low-noise amplifier has two operating states: an on state and a off state. When the low-noise amplifier is in the on state, it provides a fixed gain value, denoted as Gain. cont When the low-noise amplifier (LNA) is off, its gain is 0. The signal after the LNA is distributed into N parallel channels. In each channel i (where i = 1, 2, ..., N), the signal is amplified twice by the corresponding variable gain amplifier. Let the gain of the variable gain amplifier in the i-th channel be Gain. vi Subsequently, the analog-to-digital converter converts the amplified analog signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the FPGA.
[0025] In step S202, based on the energy value, the target total gain value required for each receiving channel at the next moment is calculated. The automatic gain control module then uses the calculated gain of all channels... next_i The system aggregates and coordinates the state of a common low-noise amplifier and the gain values of each independent automatic gain control module. This control logic follows a "shortest board priority" principle to prevent signal saturation in any single channel.
[0026] In step S203, the target total gain value of each channel is compared with the preset fixed gain value of the low-noise amplifier.
[0027] In step S204, the low-noise amplifier is controlled to be on or off based on the comparison result, and the gain value of the variable gain amplifier in each receiving channel is independently adjusted based on the state of the low-noise amplifier. In some embodiments, it can be determined whether the target total gain value of all channels is greater than the fixed gain value of the low-noise amplifier. If so, the low-noise amplifier is controlled to be on, and the actual gain of the low-noise amplifier is the fixed gain value of the low-noise amplifier.
[0028] If the target total gain value of at least one channel is less than or equal to the fixed gain value of the low noise amplifier, the low noise amplifier is controlled to be in a closed or bypassed state, at which time the actual gain of the low noise amplifier is 0.
[0029] When independently adjusting the gain value of the variable gain amplifier in each receiving channel based on the state of the low-noise amplifier, the specific calculation formula is as follows: When the low-noise amplifier is on, Gain vi =Gainnext_i -Gain cont ; When the low-noise amplifier is off, Gain vi =Gain next_i Gain vi Gain is the gain value of the variable gain amplifier. next_i Gain represents the target total gain value at the next time step. cont This is a fixed gain value.
[0030] Furthermore, the present invention also includes a hysteresis control strategy for controlling the on / off state of the low-noise amplifier, specifically, setting a gain hysteresis threshold. G. When the low-noise amplifier switches from off to on, the gain of all channels must be satisfied. next_i Gain cont + G. When the low-noise amplifier switches from the on to the off state, it only needs to satisfy the gain of any one channel. next_i <Gain cont This is to prevent frequent switching of the low-noise amplifier state.
[0031] Corresponding to the above method, the present invention also designs a multi-channel receiver, which includes a low-noise amplifier, a power distribution unit, N receiving channels, and an automatic gain control module, etc.
[0032] The input of the low-noise amplifier is used to connect an antenna for pre-amplifying radio frequency signals.
[0033] The input of the power distribution unit is connected to the output of the low-noise amplifier, and it has N output ports.
[0034] N receiving channels are connected to the N output ports of the power distribution unit. Each receiving channel includes a variable gain amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter along the signal flow direction. In one application scenario, N equals 4, the power distribution unit is a 1-to-4 power divider, and the above receiver is used as the front end of a phased array radar or multiple-input multiple-output communication system.
[0035] The automatic gain control module is connected to the outputs of the analog-to-digital converters of the N receiving channels, the control terminals of the variable gain amplifiers, and the control terminals of the low-noise amplifiers. The automatic gain control module is integrated into a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or a digital signal processor (DSP). In some embodiments, the automatic gain control module contains N independent energy detection units and one central logic decision unit. The energy detection units calculate the target total gain value for the next time step, and the central logic decision unit generates a unique low-noise amplifier control signal based on all the target total gain values for the next time step. The automatic gain control module executes the automatic gain control method described above.
[0036] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a multi-channel receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0038] like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment uses a four-channel receiver (N=4) as an example. The system mainly includes an antenna, a shared low-noise amplifier (LNA), a power distribution network (not shown in the figure, but implied in the signal splitter), four independent receiving channels (each containing a variable gain amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter), and an automatic gain control module (AGC). The receiver receives the signal from antenna 1 and, through the low-noise amplifier, adjusts the gain according to the actual gain. lna The signal is amplified by the variable gain amplifier of each channel according to the gain. vi The amplified signal is converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter. The automatic gain control module calculates the total gain value to be adjusted next based on the energy of the signal in this channel. next .
[0039] The hardware architecture mainly includes three aspects: the front-end shared part, the independent channel part, and the control part.
[0040] In the shared front-end section, the receiver receives signals from the antennas. These signals are then split into multiple paths by a shared low-noise amplifier and enter each receiving channel. Specifically, the RF signal received by antenna 1 first enters the shared low-noise amplifier. This low-noise amplifier has two states: an on state (providing a fixed gain) and an off state. cont (e.g., 20dB) and off / bypass state (gain of 0dB, pass-through).
[0041] In the independent channel section, the signal after passing through the low-noise amplifier is split into four channels (channels 1-4). Each channel is equipped with a variable gain amplifier (VGA) with a gain of [missing information]. vIt can be continuously adjusted within a wide range. The signal then enters an analog-to-digital converter to be converted into a digital signal.
[0042] In the control section, the automatic gain control module calculates the target total gain value required for each channel at the next moment based on the signal energy output from each channel's analog-to-digital converter. Specifically, the digital signal output from the analog-to-digital converter enters the FPGA or DSP. The automatic gain control module first calculates the current signal power of each channel and, based on the preset signal amplitude target value, calculates the theoretically required total gain value (Gain) for each channel at the next moment. next_1 To Gain next_4 .
[0043] The automatic gain control (AGC) logic is implemented based on the aforementioned total gain value. Specifically, the AGC module calculates the four Gains... next_i The following logical judgment is performed on the value: Step 1: Low-noise amplifier state decision (common control). The system must prioritize preventing saturation caused by strong signals. Therefore, the decision logic follows the principle of choosing the lowest possible value: (1) Check the gain of the four channels next_i value.
[0044] (2) Scenario A (strong signal exists): If any one of the four channels has a gain next_i <Gain cont (For example, if channel 1 receives strong interference and only requires 10dB of gain, while the low-noise amplifier has a fixed gain of 20dB), then the system determines that the low-noise amplifier must be turned off. At this time, the low-noise amplifier's state is LNA. State =OFF, the actual gain of the low-noise amplifier. lna =0.
[0045] Scenario B (All Weak Signals): Only when the gain of all four channels is... next_i All are greater than Gain cont The system only determines to activate the low-noise amplifier when (for example, all channels require at least 30dB gain). At this time, the low-noise amplifier (LNA) is in state. State =ON, Gain lna =Gain cont .
[0046] Step Two: Variable Gain Amplifier Gain Allocation (Independent Control). Once the low-noise amplifier's state is determined, the gain of each channel's variable gain amplifier will be set based on the total demand minus the contribution from the low-noise amplifier: If the low-noise amplifier is off (Gain) lna =0): Each channel's variable gain amplifier handles all gain requirements.v1 =Gain next_1 Gain v4 =Gain next_4 .
[0047] If the low-noise amplifier is turned on (Gain) lna =Gain cont Each channel's variable gain amplifier only needs to handle the remaining gain requirement. v1 =Gain next_1 -Gain cont Gain v4 =Gain next_4 -Gain cont .
[0048] Furthermore, this invention also ensures system stability by implementing hysteresis control. Specifically, in practical applications, to avoid hysteresis during gain... next In Gain cont When nearby fluctuations cause the low-noise amplifier to switch on and off repeatedly, the present invention preferably incorporates hysteresis into the decision logic.
[0049] The condition for enabling the low-noise amplifier is modified to: Gain for all channels. next_i Gain cont + G (wherein) G represents a protection margin, such as 2dB.
[0050] The condition for shutting down the low-noise amplifier remains unchanged or is modified to: Gain for any channel next_i <Gain cont This ensures the stability of the system.
[0051] Through the above scheme, the present invention achieves the design goals of low cost and miniaturization by simplifying the architecture while ensuring the dynamic range of the multi-channel receiver.
[0052] To verify the aforementioned beneficial effects, the following simulation values were used: the system has 4 channels (N=4), and the LNA has a fixed gain. cont =20dB.
[0053] Scenario 1: Assume that the total gain of each channel demand calculated by AGC is: Gain next =[15dB, 30dB, 35dB, 40dB]. Based on the discrimination logic, the requirement for channel 1 is detected as 15dB < 20dB (i.e., Gain). next_1 <Gain cont Therefore, the LNA state is controlled to be off, and Gain... lna=0dB. At this time, the gain of each VGA channel is set to: Gain v1 =15 0 = 15dB; Gain v2 =30 0 = 30dB; Gain v3 =35 0 = 35dB; Gain v4 =40 0 = 40dB.
[0054] Results analysis: This strategy successfully protected channel 1 from overload due to LNA activation, while other channels met the requirements by increasing the gain of their respective VGAs.
[0055] Scenario 2: Assume that the total gain of each channel demand calculated by AGC is: Gain next =[25dB, 30dB, 35dB, 40dB]. Based on the above judgment logic, the demand value for all channels is greater than 20dB. Therefore, the LNA state is controlled to be on, and Gain... lna =20dB. At this point, the gain of each VGA channel is set to: Gain v1 =25 20 = 5dB; Gain v2 =30 20 = 10dB; Gain v3 =35 20 = 15dB; Gain v4 =40 20 = 20dB.
[0056] Results analysis: At this point, the use of a common LNA provides a low noise gain of 20dB, which reduces the gain pressure on the subsequent VGA stage and helps to optimize the overall signal-to-noise ratio.
[0057] In summary, this embodiment, by implementing the above logic within the FPGA, enables the use of only a single common LNA to meet the diverse gain requirements of multiple channels. Compared to the existing architecture that requires N LNAs for N channels, this solution significantly reduces the number of analog devices, thereby reducing the PCB footprint and lowering hardware costs.
[0058] As a preferred approach, the AGC module in an FPGA can be implemented using digital logic circuits or an embedded soft core. For Gain next_i The calculation can employ the root mean square (RMS) power estimation algorithm. Specifically, a time window T is defined, and M sampling points x[k] are collected within this window to calculate the signal power P. sig :
[0059] Then P sig With the preset target power P t The difference is the gain step size that needs to be adjusted by comparing the values. It should be understood that the preferred range for the time window T is 1 ms. 10ms. When T is less than 1ms, excessively frequent AGC adjustments may cause system oscillations; when T is greater than 10ms, the system's response speed to fast-fading signals may be insufficient. Therefore, choosing a window length of approximately 5ms can achieve the best balance between stability and response speed.
[0060] In the foregoing description of this specification, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "fixed," "installed," "connected," or "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, the term "linked" can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or it can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Therefore, unless otherwise expressly limited in this specification, those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0061] Furthermore, the terms "first" or "second," etc., used in this specification to refer to numbers or ordinal numbers are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating, explicitly or implicitly, relative importance or specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this specification, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0062] While this specification has shown and described numerous embodiments of the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Many modifications, alterations, and alternatives will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and essence of the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in the practice of this invention.
Claims
1. An automatic gain control method for a multi-channel receiver, applied to a receiver comprising a low-noise amplifier and N parallel receiving channels, where N ≥ 2; wherein the N receiving channels share the low-noise amplifier; characterized in that, The automatic gain control method includes: Obtain the energy value of the currently received signal from each receiving channel; Based on the energy value, calculate the target total gain value required by each receiving channel at the next moment; The target total gain value of each channel is compared with the preset fixed gain value of the low-noise amplifier; The on / off state of the low-noise amplifier is controlled based on the comparison results, and the gain value of the variable gain amplifier in each receiving channel is independently adjusted based on the state of the low-noise amplifier.
2. The automatic gain control method for a multi-channel receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of controlling the on or off state of the low-noise amplifier based on the comparison result includes: Determine whether the target total gain value of all channels is greater than the fixed gain value of the low-noise amplifier; If so, the low-noise amplifier is controlled to be in the on state, and the actual gain of the low-noise amplifier is the fixed gain value of the low-noise amplifier. If the target total gain value of at least one channel is less than or equal to the fixed gain value of the low noise amplifier, the low noise amplifier is controlled to be in a closed or bypassed state, at which time the actual gain of the low noise amplifier is 0.
3. The automatic gain control method for a multi-channel receiver according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gain value of the variable gain amplifier in each receiving channel is independently adjusted based on the state of the low-noise amplifier. The specific calculation formula is as follows: When the low-noise amplifier is in the ON state, Gain vi =Gain next_i -Gain cont ; When the low-noise amplifier is in the off state, Gain vi =Gain next_i Gain vi Gain is the gain value of the variable gain amplifier. next_i Gain represents the target total gain value at the next time step. cont This is a fixed gain value.
4. The automatic gain control method for a multi-channel receiver according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control of the low-noise amplifier's on / off state also includes a hysteresis control strategy: Set a gain hysteresis threshold G; When the low-noise amplifier switches from off to on, the gain of all channels must be satisfied. next_i Gain cont + G; When the low-noise amplifier switches from the on to the off state, it only needs to satisfy the gain of any one channel. next_i <Gain cont This is to prevent frequent switching of the low-noise amplifier state.
5. The automatic gain control method for a multi-channel receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy value of the currently received signal of each receiving channel is obtained by performing power statistics on the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital converter of each channel in the digital signal processing module.
6. A multi-channel receiver, characterized in that, include: A low-noise amplifier, whose input is connected to an antenna, is used to pre-amplify radio frequency signals; A power distribution unit, whose input is connected to the output of the low-noise amplifier, has N output ports; N receiving channels are connected to the N output ports of the power distribution unit, respectively; each receiving channel includes a variable gain amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter in sequence along the signal flow direction. The automatic gain control module is connected to the output terminals of the analog-to-digital converters of the N receiving channels, the control terminal of the variable gain amplifier, and the control terminal of the low-noise amplifier, respectively. The automatic gain control module is used to perform the automatic gain control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The multi-channel receiver according to claim 6, characterized in that, The automatic gain control module is integrated into a field-programmable gate array or a digital signal processor.
8. The multi-channel receiver according to claim 6, characterized in that, The low-noise amplifier has a bypass mode, and the off state corresponds to the bypass mode or power-off pass-through mode of the low-noise amplifier.
9. The multi-channel receiver according to claim 6, characterized in that, The N equals 4, the power distribution unit is a 1-to-4 power divider, and the receiver is used as the front end of a phased array radar or a multiple-input multiple-output communication system.
10. The multi-channel receiver according to claim 6, characterized in that, The automatic gain control module contains N independent energy detection units and 1 central logic decision unit; the energy detection units are used to calculate the target total gain value at the next time step, and the central logic decision unit is used to generate a unique low-noise amplifier control signal based on all the target total gain values at the next time step.