Adsorption tower and hydrogen purification device comprising same

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production equipment, in particular to an adsorption tower and a hydrogen purification device comprising the adsorption tower, and the adsorption tower comprises a tower tank component group for providing a gas-solid heat exchange and adsorption space; the driving control component group is used for adjusting an internal adsorption configuration and flow field distribution; and the adsorption component group is used for removing impurities from the process gas and is arranged in the tower tank component group. The structure of the adsorption bed layer is dynamically adjusted through the driving control component, the deep bed layer is formed through tight overlapping during adsorption so as to prolong the penetration time, a fixed air channel is broken through reciprocating motion during regeneration, low-pressure-drop efficient desorption is achieved by matching with adjustable spacing and lateral backflushing, and maintenance is convenient by adopting a sealing design and a detachable structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen production equipment technology, specifically to an adsorption tower and a hydrogen purification device containing the adsorption tower. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the hydrogen energy industry, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and temperature swing adsorption (TSA) technologies have been widely used in hydrogen production. As the core component of hydrogen production equipment, the adsorption tower is typically filled with packing media such as molecular sieves. It utilizes the differences in adsorption capacity of different gas molecules on the adsorbent surface to purify hydrogen and remove impurities.

[0003] However, existing adsorption tower structures still face the following technical bottlenecks in actual operation: Traditional adsorption towers typically employ a fixed-bed structure, requiring increased adsorbent packing height to ensure hydrogen purity. However, during the regeneration and cleaning phase, the backwash gas must penetrate the entire depth of the bed, resulting in high backwash resistance and significant pressure loss. Especially near the bottom of the tower, where the adsorbent is at the end of the backwash flow, incomplete desorption and high impurity residue levels often occur, leading to adsorbent performance degradation over long-term operation. During long-term and frequent high-low pressure cycling, the gas flow inside the fixed bed easily forms fixed channels with low resistance, i.e., the "tunneling effect." Once the gas channels are formed, the airflow will concentrate in a local area, causing most of the adsorbent to fail to make sufficient contact with the gas, resulting in decreased adsorption efficiency and premature penetration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention aims to provide an adsorption tower and a hydrogen purification device containing the adsorption tower, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An adsorption tower includes: a tower tank assembly for providing gas-solid heat exchange and adsorption space; a drive and control assembly for adjusting the internal adsorption configuration and flow field distribution; an adsorption assembly for removing impurities from process gases, the adsorption assembly being disposed within the tower tank assembly; and a backflushing assembly for regenerating and cleaning the adsorbent, the backflushing assembly being mounted on the tower tank assembly. The drive and control assembly is drively connected to the adsorption assembly, and switches between adsorption and backflushing conditions by changing the spatial distribution between the adsorption assembly assemblies. The adsorption condition is characterized by the adsorption assembly assemblies being close to each other to form a continuous adsorption bed, thereby extending the contact path between the process gas and the adsorption medium. The backflushing condition is characterized by the adsorption assembly assemblies being far apart to form multi-dimensional flow gaps, thereby enhancing the regeneration effect of the adsorption medium using nonlinear flow fields and physical displacement.

[0006] Preferably, the drive control component assembly includes a drive motor, a central shaft driven to rotate by the drive motor, and a reciprocating lead screw disposed on the central shaft. A movable block is mounted on the reciprocating lead screw, and the movable block is fixedly connected to the adsorption component assembly.

[0007] Preferably, the adsorption component group is provided in three groups, namely the first adsorption component group, the second adsorption component group and the third adsorption component group from top to bottom; two reciprocating lead screws are symmetrically arranged on the central shaft, and the two movable blocks are fixedly connected to the first adsorption component group and the third adsorption component group respectively, so as to drive the first adsorption component group and the third adsorption component group to perform axial displacement relative to the second adsorption component group.

[0008] Preferably, the adsorption component assembly includes an annular shell and a breathable screen ring fixedly connected to the side of the annular shell. The bottom of the annular shell is provided with uniformly distributed breathable holes. The top of the annular shell and the breathable screen ring are detachably connected to a breathable cover by bolts. The cavity formed between the annular shell, the breathable screen ring and the breathable cover is filled with a filling medium.

[0009] Preferably, a fixed sleeve is fitted around the central shaft, and the two ends of the fixed sleeve are fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the inner wall of the tank, respectively; the fixed sleeve has a groove corresponding to the position of the movable block, and the movable block passes through the groove to connect with the adsorption component assembly.

[0010] Preferably, a rubber corrugated plate for blocking gas is provided between the fixed sleeve and the movable block, and the rubber corrugated plate is sealed between the edge of the slide groove and the movable block.

[0011] Preferably, the backflushing component assembly is provided in two sets. Each set of the backflushing component assembly includes a gas distribution ring cover fixedly connected to the outer convex strip of the tank body and a side air pipe connected to the gas distribution ring cover. An exhaust nozzle extending into the tank body is installed on the gas distribution ring cover.

[0012] Preferably, under adsorption conditions, the drive control component group controls the three adsorption component groups to be tightly stacked, and the gas enters from the lower air inlet pipe at the bottom of the tank, passes through the three layers of filling medium in sequence, and is discharged from the upper exhaust pipe at the top.

[0013] Preferably, in the backflushing cleaning condition, the drive control component group drives the first group and the third group of adsorption component groups to move to both ends to increase the interlayer spacing, and the exhaust nozzles of the two groups of backflushing component groups are respectively aimed at the upper side of the first group and the third group of adsorption component groups for spraying.

[0014] Preferably, the backflushing component group utilizes a layered flow logic, so that the backflushing gas received by the first adsorption component group penetrates its own bed and continues to flow downwards, performing cascade flushing and cleaning on the second adsorption component group in the middle.

[0015] Preferably, during the backflush process, the drive motor drives the adsorption component group to perform axial reciprocating motion, and the inertial commutation force during the commutation process causes the filling medium to produce a small displacement to destroy the fixed air passage, and the physical vibration generated by the instantaneous adhesion of each adsorption component group assists in the desorption of impurities.

[0016] A hydrogen purification apparatus, comprising the aforementioned adsorption tower.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This device dynamically adjusts the spatial distribution of three adsorption component groups by driving the control component group. During the adsorption stage, the three adsorption components are closely stacked to form a continuous bed with a large aspect ratio, which ensures the penetration time of the gas in the filling medium. During the cleaning stage, by increasing the interlayer spacing and cooperating with the lateral spraying of the backwash component group, the effective flow path of the backwash gas is shortened, the backwash pressure drop is significantly reduced, and the technical problem of incomplete desorption of the bottom layer of the traditional fixed bed is solved. By utilizing the continuous operation of the drive motor during the backflush process, the first and third adsorption component groups generate axial reciprocating motion. The inertial commutation force generated by this reciprocating motion forcibly changes the microscopic arrangement of the filling medium, destroys the fixed air channels (tunnel effect) formed by long-term adsorption operation, and guides the backflush airflow to penetrate evenly into all dead corners of the molecular sieve bed, greatly improving the concentration gradient utilization rate during the regeneration process. The rubber corrugated plate installed between the fixed sleeve and the movable block effectively isolates the drive mechanism from the process gas flow channel without hindering mechanical displacement, preventing dust from entering the screw drive mechanism. At the same time, the adsorption component group adopts a vent cover design with detachable bolt connection, which makes the filling and replacement of the filling medium easier and reduces the operation and maintenance cost of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention under adsorption conditions. Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure during the cleaning stage of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the drive control component group, adsorption component group, and recoil component group of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed sleeve and movable block of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 01. Tower / Tank Components; 11. Tank Body; 12. Lower Inlet Pipe; 13. Upper Exhaust Pipe; 02. Drive Control Components; 21. Drive Motor; 22. Frame Body; 23. Fixed Sleeve; 24. Central Shaft; 25. Reciprocating Screw; 26. Moving Block; 03. Adsorption Components; 31. Annular Shell; 32. Ventilation Screen Ring; 33. Ventilation Cover; 34. Filling Medium; 04. Backflushing Components; 41. Gas Distribution Ring Cover; 42. Side Gas Pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] One embodiment provided by the present invention: refer to Figure 1 An adsorption tower, comprising: Tower tank component group 01, drive control component group 02, adsorption component group 03, and backflushing component group 04.

[0022] The tower tank component group 01 includes a tank body 11, with a lower air inlet pipe 12 connected to the bottom of the tank body 11 and an upper exhaust pipe 13 connected to the top of the tank body 11.

[0023] refer to Figures 2-5The adsorption component group 03 is located in the tower tank component group 01. The adsorption component group 03 is used to adsorb the gas passing through it. The adsorption component group 03 has three groups. The adsorption component group 03 includes an annular shell 31. A permeable screen ring 32 is fixedly connected to the annular shell 31. The bottom of the annular shell 31 is provided with evenly distributed permeable holes. The permeable screen ring 32 and the annular shell 31 are detachably connected to a permeable cover 33 by bolts. The cavity formed by the permeable cover 33, the annular shell 31 and the permeable screen ring 32 is filled with a filling medium 34.

[0024] The drive control component group 02 includes a drive motor 21, which is bolted to a frame 22. The frame 22 is fixedly connected to the top of the tank 11. A central shaft 24 is fixedly connected to the working end of the drive motor 21. A fixed sleeve 23 is fitted around the central shaft 24. The two ends of the fixed sleeve 23 are fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the inner wall of the tank 11, respectively. Two reciprocating lead screws 25 are fixedly connected to the central shaft 24, and movable blocks 26 are installed on both reciprocating lead screws 25.

[0025] The three adsorption component groups 03, from top to bottom, are: the first adsorption component group 03, the second adsorption component group 03, and the third adsorption component group 03. In the first adsorption component group 03, an annular shell 31 is fixedly connected to a movable block 26, and in the third adsorption component group 03, an annular shell 31 is fixedly connected to another movable block 26.

[0026] The fixed sleeve 23 has a groove corresponding to the movable block 26, and the fixed sleeve 23 and the movable block 26 are slidably connected through the groove. A rubber corrugated plate is provided in the groove, which is connected between the movable block 26 and the fixed sleeve 23. It is mainly used to prevent gas from entering the interior of the fixed sleeve 23 from the groove.

[0027] The central shaft 24 is rotatably connected to the fixed sleeve 23, and one end of the central shaft 24 is fixedly connected to the working end of the drive motor 21.

[0028] When the drive motor 21 starts, the working end of the drive motor 21 drives the central shaft 24 to rotate. The rotation of the central shaft 24 drives the movable block 26 on the reciprocating screw 25 to move. The two movable blocks 26 will move towards or repel each other, thereby controlling the first adsorption component group 03 and the third adsorption component group 03 to move away from or closer to the second adsorption component group 03.

[0029] Two sets of backflushing component groups 04 are provided, and both sets of backflushing component groups 04 are installed on the tank component group 01. The tank body 11 has an outward protrusion strip corresponding to the positions of the two sets of backflushing component groups 04. The backflushing component group 04 includes a gas distribution ring cover 41 and a side air pipe 42. The gas distribution ring cover 41 is fixedly connected to the outward protrusion strip of the tank body 11. The side air pipe 42 is fixedly connected to the gas distribution ring cover 41. The end of the side air pipe 42 away from the gas distribution ring cover 41 is connected to an external backflushing air supply pipe. An exhaust nozzle is installed on the gas distribution ring cover 41. The exhaust nozzle is installed inside the tank body 11, and its working end faces the position of the adsorption component group 03.

[0030] The backflush component group 04 is mainly used to backflush the adsorption component group 03.

[0031] refer to Figure 2 As shown, this overall structure is in the working stage. At this time, the gas to be processed enters the tower tank component group 01 through the lower air inlet pipe 12. The gas will move upward in the tower tank component group 01. During the movement, it will pass through the three sets of adsorption component groups 03 stacked together, and then be adsorbed by the filling medium 34 in the three sets of adsorption component groups 03. The processed gas will be discharged to the subsequent device through the upper exhaust pipe 13 at the top.

[0032] refer to Figure 3 As shown, the entire device is in the cleaning stage at this time. The external pressure reducing equipment will reduce the pressure in the tower tank component group 01. At the same time, the exhaust nozzles on the side air pipe 42 and the gas distribution ring hood 41 in the backflushing component group 04 will be opened. The external backflushing gas will be sprayed onto the adsorption component group 03 through the backflushing component group 04. The two backflushing component groups 04 are mainly located on the sides of the first adsorption component group 03 and the third adsorption component group 03 for backflushing. The gas backflushing through the adsorption component group 03 carries the cleaned gas and is discharged from the bottom of the tank 11.

[0033] A hydrogen purification apparatus, comprising the aforementioned adsorption tower.

[0034] Working principle: refer to Figure 2 As shown, when the device is in adsorption mode, the drive motor 21 drives the two sets of reciprocating screws 25 to rotate through the central shaft 24, so that the corresponding movable block 26 drives the first and third sets of adsorption component groups 03 to move closer to the middle, forming a continuous bed layer that is tightly superimposed with the second set of adsorption component groups 03.

[0035] The gas to be treated enters the tank 11 through the lower inlet pipe 12 and passes through the three adsorption component groups 03 from bottom to top under pressure.

[0036] The gas first passes through the vents at the bottom of each annular shell 31, penetrating the filling medium 34 from bottom to top. Due to the tight fit of the three layers, an ultra-long molecular sieve adsorption bed is formed, which effectively increases the penetration time of impurity gases. The treated pure gas is finally discharged through the upper exhaust pipe 13.

[0037] refer to Figure 3 As shown, when the device enters the cleaning stage, the system pressure is reduced, and the drive control component group 02 drives the first and third adsorption component groups 03 to move to both ends, widening the interlayer spacing.

[0038] When the two sets of backflushing components 04 are activated, external backflushing gas is injected from the side and above through the side air pipe 42 and the air distribution ring shroud 41, and is directed towards the first and third sets of adsorption components 03 respectively. Among them, the backflushing gas received by the first set continues to flush the second set of adsorption components 03 in the middle after penetrating the layer, forming a cascade cleaning effect.

[0039] During the recoil process, the drive motor 21 continues to operate, driving the first and third adsorption component groups 03 to perform high-frequency reciprocating motion in the axial direction.

[0040] The inertial commutation force generated by the reciprocating motion causes the filling medium 34 to undergo a slight displacement, which disrupts the fixed air channels (tunneling effect) formed by long-term adsorption, allowing the backflow airflow to penetrate into every dead corner of the molecular sieve.

[0041] When the first and third adsorption component groups 03 momentarily come into contact with the second group during reciprocating motion, the resulting physical vibration further promotes the shedding of impurities attached to the surface of the molecular sieve.

[0042] The cleaned-off impurities are collected in the tank 11 with the backflow airflow and eventually discharged from the bottom, thus restoring the performance of the filling medium 34.

[0043] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An adsorption tower, characterized in that, Including: Tower tank component assembly for providing gas-solid heat exchange and adsorption space; drive and control component assembly for adjusting internal adsorption configuration and flow field distribution. An adsorption component assembly for removing impurities from process gases, the adsorption component assembly being disposed within a tower tank component assembly; and a backflushing component assembly for regenerating and cleaning the adsorbent, the backflushing component assembly being mounted on the tower tank component assembly. The drive control unit group is connected to the adsorption unit group by transmission. By changing the spatial distribution between the adsorption unit groups, the adsorption mode or the backflushing cleaning mode can be switched. The adsorption mode is a state in which each adsorption unit group is close to each other to form a continuous adsorption bed, which is used to extend the contact path between the process gas and the adsorption medium. The backflushing cleaning mode is a state in which each adsorption unit group is far apart to form a multi-dimensional flow gap, which is used to enhance the regeneration effect of the adsorption medium by utilizing nonlinear flow field and physical displacement.

2. An adsorption tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive control component assembly includes a drive motor, a central shaft driven to rotate by the drive motor, and a reciprocating lead screw mounted on the central shaft. A movable block is mounted on the reciprocating lead screw, and the movable block is fixedly connected to the adsorption component assembly.

3. An adsorption tower according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adsorption component group is provided in three groups, namely the first adsorption component group, the second adsorption component group, and the third adsorption component group from top to bottom; two reciprocating lead screws are symmetrically arranged on the central shaft, and the two movable blocks are fixedly connected to the first adsorption component group and the third adsorption component group respectively, so as to drive the first and third adsorption component groups to perform axial displacement relative to the second adsorption component group.

4. An adsorption tower according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adsorption component assembly includes an annular shell and a permeable screen ring fixedly connected to the side of the annular shell. The bottom of the annular shell is provided with evenly distributed permeable holes. The top of the annular shell and the permeable screen ring are detachably connected to a permeable cover by bolts. The cavity formed between the annular shell, the permeable screen ring and the permeable cover is filled with a filling medium.

5. An adsorption tower according to claim 2, characterized in that: A fixed sleeve is fitted around the central shaft component, and the two ends of the fixed sleeve are fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the inner wall of the tank, respectively. A sliding groove is provided on the fixed sleeve corresponding to the position of the movable block, and the movable block passes through the sliding groove to connect with the adsorption component assembly.

6. An adsorption tower according to claim 5, characterized in that: A rubber corrugated plate for blocking gas is provided between the fixed sleeve and the movable block, and the rubber corrugated plate is sealed between the edge of the slide groove and the movable block.

7. An adsorption tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The backflush component assembly is provided in two sets. Each set of the backflush component assembly includes a gas distribution ring cover fixedly connected to the outer convex belt of the tank body and a side air pipe connected to the gas distribution ring cover. An exhaust nozzle extending into the tank body is installed on the gas distribution ring cover.

8. An adsorption tower according to claim 7, characterized in that: Under adsorption conditions, the drive control unit group controls the three adsorption unit groups to be tightly stacked. The gas enters from the lower air inlet pipe at the bottom of the tank, passes through the three layers of filling medium in sequence, and is discharged from the upper exhaust pipe at the top.

9. An adsorption tower according to claim 8, characterized in that: During the backflushing cleaning process, the drive control unit group drives the first and third adsorption unit groups to move to both ends to widen the interlayer spacing, and the exhaust nozzles of the two backflushing unit groups are respectively aimed at the upper side of the first and third adsorption unit groups for spraying.

10. An adsorption tower according to claim 9, characterized in that: The backwash component group utilizes a layered flow logic, so that the backwash gas received by the first adsorption component group penetrates its own bed and continues to flow downwards, performing cascade flushing and cleaning on the second adsorption component group in the middle.

11. An adsorption tower according to claim 2, characterized in that: During the backflush process, the drive motor drives the adsorption component group to perform axial reciprocating motion. The inertial commutation force during the commutation process causes the filling medium to produce a small displacement to disrupt the fixed air passage. The physical vibration generated by the instantaneous adhesion of each adsorption component group assists in the desorption of impurities.

12. A hydrogen purification apparatus, characterized in that, Includes the adsorption tower as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

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