Roadbed tamping construction quality monitoring system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of roadbed tamping quality monitoring, and discloses a roadbed tamping construction quality monitoring system which comprises the steps that soil bodies on the two sides of a pipeline are backfilled in a layered mode, and an upper arch force guide plate is arranged for a backfilling layer to guide tamping force to act on the soil bodies below; the compaction force is monitored, the pressed pressure intensity of the backfill layer is calculated, the soil compactness of the backfill layer is estimated, and whether the lower arch force dispersion and compensation module is triggered or not is judged according to a compactness threshold value; a plurality of candidate positions are set, the equivalent compactness of each candidate position is estimated, and a lower arch force guide plate is arranged for the under-dense layer at the optimal position; sensor data are collected, energy density is calculated, soil compactness is estimated, low-density points of a pipe side backfill area are recognized, and an oblique tamping adjusting module is triggered; the low-density point combination is divided into a plurality of areas, the energy density is calculated according to the density threshold value, the number of times of tamping needed by the areas is calculated, the angle position of a tamping plate is planned, and the long-term stability and collapse resistance of the pipeline in the service period are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of roadbed compaction quality monitoring technology, specifically a roadbed compaction construction quality monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] During roadbed construction, culverts and pipelines are important underground structures, and the stability of the backfill soil on both sides directly affects pipeline safety and roadbed bearing capacity. Therefore, strengthening the stability of culvert and pipeline roadbeds and achieving layered and controllable compaction of backfill soil are of great significance for ensuring construction quality and extending pipeline service life.

[0003] Existing culvert backfilling methods have significant drawbacks, particularly in the pipe-side filling area below the culvert waist. Firstly, the space below the culvert waist is confined, and the soil has poor fluidity, making traditional surface compaction ineffective in this area. This results in insufficient compaction of the backfill soil, forming locally subcompacted layers. Secondly, existing monitoring methods typically only collect limited surface or top-of-pipe data, failing to provide real-time information on the stress and compaction status of the soil below the culvert waist, and lacking dynamic feedback and compensation measures for low-compaction areas. Furthermore, traditional construction methods for low-compaction areas below the culvert waist often employ repeated compaction, which is not only inefficient but also prone to direct impact on the pipeline, increasing the risk of pipeline displacement or settlement. These problems lead to uneven compaction in the pipe-side filling area below the culvert waist, affecting pipeline support and the overall stability of the roadbed.

[0004] This invention proposes a roadbed compaction construction quality monitoring system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a roadbed compaction construction quality monitoring system to help solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] This invention provides the following technical solution: a roadbed compaction construction quality monitoring system, comprising:

[0007] The layered soil filling module is used for roadbed backfilling construction of culverts and pipelines. It backfills the soil on both sides of the pipeline in layers and sets up an upper arch guide plate for the backfill layer to guide the compaction force to act on the soil below.

[0008] The upper arch guiding and monitoring module is used to monitor the compaction force and calculate the compressive strength of the backfill layer, estimate the soil density of the backfill layer, and determine whether to trigger the lower arch force dispersion and compensation module based on the density threshold.

[0009] The lower arch force dispersion and compensation module is used to set multiple candidate locations and estimate the equivalent compaction of each candidate location, and set the lower arch force guide plate for the undercompacted layer at the optimal location;

[0010] The backfill construction monitoring module is used to collect sensor data, calculate energy density and estimate soil compaction, identify low-density points in the pipe-side backfill area and trigger the inclined compaction adjustment module.

[0011] The inclined compaction adjustment module is used to divide the low-density point combination into multiple regions, calculate the energy density from the density threshold, calculate the number of tamping blows required for each region, and plan the angle position of the tamping plate.

[0012] Optionally, the layered soil filling module is used for the roadbed backfilling construction of culvert pipelines, backfilling the soil on both sides of the pipeline in layers, and setting an upper arch guide plate for the backfill layer to guide the compaction force to act on the soil below, including:

[0013] The pipeline is composed of multiple pipe sections joined end to end, and a foundation layer is laid at the bottom of the pipeline to support it.

[0014] The backfill area along the pipe side shall be backfilled in layers, specifically as follows:

[0015] Set the layered backfill height ;

[0016] Obtain the length of the pipe centerline The central axis of the pipeline represents the longitudinal direction;

[0017] Calculate the number of backfill layers in the pipe-side backfill area. ;

[0018] The upper arch force guide plate is designed by bending a flat steel plate, with an arc-shaped profile in the cross-section, including an upper end point and a lower end point;

[0019] Number the backfill layers sequentially from low to high, and design the position of the arching guide plate for each backfill layer:

[0020] Establish a three-dimensional coordinate system by taking any point at the bottom of the pipe as the origin;

[0021] Regarding the first The arc-shaped profile of the arched guide plate on the upper layer:

[0022] Get the upper endpoint and upper endpoint Calculate the midpoint position slope ;

[0023] Calculate the midpoint position normal vector It is then updated to a unit normal vector, with the normal vector pointing towards the interior space of the pipe.

[0024] Optionally, the step of setting an upper arch guide plate for the backfill layer to guide the compaction force to act on the soil below further includes:

[0025] Get the Thickness of backfill soil for the arch guide plate ;

[0026] Will , and Offset along the normal vector to obtain the first The upper end point of the arch guide plate on the upper layer lower endpoint and midpoint position , ;

[0027] By the The guide circle is fitted by the positions of the upper end point, lower end point, and midpoint of the arch guide plate on the upper layer;

[0028] In the The guide arc is obtained by cutting the guide circle and the pipe cross-section from the backfill layer;

[0029] The geometry of the upper arch force guide plate is fixed;

[0030] With the first The lower end of the backfill layer guide arc is the rotation center, and the upper arch force guide plate rotates around the rotation center to generate multiple candidate positions;

[0031] Calculate the similarity between the upper arch guide plate and the guiding arc at each candidate position;

[0032] Obtain the candidate position with the highest similarity as the first The position of the upper arching guide plate in the backfill layer, the upper arching guide plate is placed at the position, and a protective plate is set to separate the upper arching guide plate from the pipeline.

[0033] Optionally, the upper arch guiding and monitoring module is used to monitor the compaction force and calculate the compressive pressure of the backfill layer, estimate the soil density of the backfill layer, and determine whether to trigger the lower arch force dispersion and compensation module based on the density threshold, including:

[0034] The force sensor is used to monitor the compaction force at the bottom of the tamping plate in real time. ;

[0035] Get the The area of ​​the backfill layer's arching guide plate mapped onto the ground. ;

[0036] Calculate the first Compressive strength of backfill layer ,in, The force conductance coefficient of the calibrated upper arch plate represents the proportion of vertical compaction force converted into effective pressure. The soil energy attenuation coefficient characterizes the degree to which compaction strength decreases with depth. Simulate the soil depth attenuation effect;

[0037] For the first Backfill layer to the first Distance of backfill layers It is a positive integer;

[0038] Estimate the first Soil density of backfill layer ,in, The initial density is set. The compaction growth coefficient, For relaxation correction coefficients, Pressure normalization factor; The pressure gain term, logarithm, indicates that the density increases rapidly in the initial compaction stage, and then gradually slows down; For deformation correction term, indicating the first term. The loss of effective density due to settlement of the backfill layer after being subjected to stress, if the settlement value ,but reduce;

[0039] Set density threshold ;

[0040] like , will the The backfill layer is designated as an under-compacted layer, triggering the downward arch force dispersion and compensation module.

[0041] Optionally, the lower arch force dispersion and compensation module is used to set multiple candidate locations and estimate the equivalent compaction of each candidate location, and to set a lower arch force guide plate for the undercompacted layer at the optimal location, including:

[0042] Calculate the normal distance between the upper and lower arch force guide plates, specifically:

[0043] Setting the target force transmission efficiency of the lower arch guide plate for the insufficiently dense layer ;

[0044] Upper limit of calculating normal distance ;

[0045] Set a lower limit for the normal distance At the lower end of the upper arch guide plate and Multiple candidate positions are set vertically within the interval;

[0046] Iterate through each candidate position, place the lower arch force guide plate at the candidate position, and estimate the effect of the lower arch force guide plate on the front. The equivalent density generated by each backfill layer;

[0047] Establish the relationship between soil density and material elastic modulus ,in, For standard elastic modulus, This is an empirical coefficient. The elastic modulus of a material with a less dense solid layer;

[0048] Calculate the missing stiffness value of the under-dense solid layer .

[0049] Optionally, the arch force dispersion and compensation module, used to set multiple candidate locations and estimate the equivalent compaction of each candidate location, and to set a lower arch force guide plate for the undercompacted layer at the optimal location, further includes:

[0050] The calculation of the attenuation coefficient of the force propagating from the lower arch guide plate to the surrounding areas. ,in, The vertical distance between the sub-dense layer and the lower arched guide plate. The interval between the upper arch force guide plate and the lower arch force guide plate, when When it increases, the attenuation coefficient... reduce;

[0051] Obtain the reference stress of the lower arched guide plate ;

[0052] Calculate the stiffness compensation value of the under-dense solid layer under the influence of the lower arched guide plate. ;

[0053] Will Normalize and update to the normalized value;

[0054] Calculate equivalent compactness ;

[0055] The candidate position with the highest equivalent density is selected as the optimal position for setting the lower arch force guide plate;

[0056] The lower arch force guide plate and the upper arch force guide plate have the same geometric structure. The lower arch force guide plate is placed in the optimal position to reduce the influence of the upper arch force guide plate on the insufficient solid area.

[0057] Optionally, the backfill construction monitoring module, used to collect sensor data, calculate energy density and estimate soil compaction, identify low-density points in the pipe-side backfill area and trigger the inclined compaction adjustment module, includes:

[0058] The time step for compaction of the pipe-side filling area after removing the lower and upper arching guide plates. Inside:

[0059] Multiple sampling points are evenly set on the roadbed surface. For each sampling point:

[0060] Obtain the area of ​​the ramming plate Calculate the volume of soil produced by a single compaction of the tamping plate. ;

[0061] Calculate the energy density absorbed per unit volume at the sampling point. ;

[0062] Estimate the soil compaction at the sampling points , This is the density scaling factor, representing the achievable density increment of soil under saturated compaction conditions. This is the energy-density mapping coefficient, which controls the effect of energy input on density growth. This is the energy decay factor, indicating that the more compacted the material, the more difficult it is to compact it again.

[0063] Set soil compaction error threshold ;

[0064] like If the sampling point is deemed unqualified, it is recorded as a low-density solid point, triggering the oblique compaction adjustment module.

[0065] Optionally, the inclined compaction adjustment module is used to divide the low-density point combination into multiple regions, calculate the energy density from the density threshold and calculate the number of tamping blows required for each region, and plan the angle position of the tamping plate, including:

[0066] Obtain all low-density real points, and use a clustering algorithm to combine and segment the low-density real points into multiple regions;

[0067] For any region:

[0068] Obtain the area of ​​the region projected onto the ground. The volume of the region is ;

[0069] Computational region density missing values ;

[0070] Inferring the missing energy density in the region based on soil density. ;

[0071] Energy required for computation region And obtain the energy of a single impact. ;

[0072] Calculate the number of tamping blows. ;

[0073] The pipeline backfill area is vertically divided into a pipeline protection zone and a free compaction zone;

[0074] A flat steel plate is placed at an angle within the pipeline protection zone. The flat steel plate is then mapped onto a horizontal plane to obtain its projection surface. The length of the cross-section of the projected steel plate surface is then determined. ;

[0075] Calculate the angle between the flat steel plate and the horizontal plane. ;

[0076] The compaction plate is limited to the projected surface of the steel plate in the pipeline protection zone and does not directly act on other soil in the pipeline protection zone. The number of compaction times in all areas of the pipeline protection zone is superimposed on the projected surface of the steel plate.

[0077] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0078] 1. The subgrade compaction construction quality monitoring system utilizes an upper arch force guide plate design. This design ensures that the backfill layer forms a controlled horizontal diffusion path during each stage of compaction, thus directing the energy generated by compaction towards the arched soil area above the pipeline. While traditional layered compaction methods can improve density, the energy transfer direction is random, easily leading to uneven density or suspended dense areas. The presence of the upper arch force guide plate is equivalent to setting a force guiding device for each layer of soil. Its inclined structure converts vertical impact force into horizontal stress along an arc-shaped path, making the structural arch effect of the soil above the pipeline more stable. During each backfilling, the upper arch force guide plate forms a continuous force flow path with the upper layer, resulting in consistent and cumulative energy distribution. The backfill layer above the pipe achieves higher equivalent density and bearing capacity without increasing compaction energy, significantly reducing the risk of pipe top settlement and arch stress concentration, and improving the long-term stability and anti-collapse capability of the pipeline during its service life.

[0079] 2. The subgrade compaction construction quality monitoring system utilizes a lower arched force guide plate, primarily acting on the backfill areas on both sides of the pipeline. By partially inserting it into the already compacted layer, a continuous support structure is formed, allowing the compaction energy of the new layer to be directed downwards and inwards, enhancing the interlocking effect between the pipeline bottom and both sides. Traditional layered backfilling often creates loose interlayers on the pipe sides, where limited local geometric space hinders the effective transfer of compaction energy. The lower arched force guide plate, through normal insertion, forms a mechanical extension surface, preserving the integrity of the existing compacted layer while providing a stable energy induction channel for the new fill layer. Its placement design transforms the main component of each compaction into horizontal support stress, resulting in a uniform increase in soil density along the pipeline's normal direction. This not only prevents the formation of lateral voids but also improves the overall shear stability of the entire pipeline bottom structure. Through mechanical coordination with the upper arched force guide plate, a vertically guided and internally balanced force system is formed, ensuring continuous compaction and consistent long-term deformation of the fill material.

[0080] 3. The normal distance between the upper and lower arch force guide plates is a key parameter of the roadbed compaction construction quality monitoring system, determining the coupling relationship between the energy transfer zone and the stress superposition zone of the backfill layer. If the normal distance is too small, the action zones of the upper and lower guide plates overlap, leading to concentrated soil energy and uneven compaction; if the distance is too large, stress transmission is interrupted, and a continuous force flow network cannot be formed. Designing the normal distance within a reasonable range ensures that the effective energy generated by each compaction layer acts precisely below the upper compaction boundary, forming a progressive compaction effect. This improves the interface strength between the upper and lower backfill layers, avoiding interlayer shear slip and pore water accumulation. Simultaneously, limiting the range of the normal distance allows for adaptation to construction needs of different pipe diameters and soil types, making the solution universally adjustable. Through dynamic control of this distance, the construction team can achieve optimal matching between compaction degree, settlement rate, and energy input, thereby significantly improving the uniformity and overall bearing capacity of the fill while maintaining construction safety.

[0081] 4. The roadbed compaction construction quality monitoring system includes a backfilling construction monitoring module designed to compensate for the disturbance caused to the soil structure by the guide plate system and prevent reduced compaction due to local over-compression or loosening during the compaction process. It monitors the energy input of the current compaction layer, soil response, and changes in the density of the underlying layer in real time. When a decrease in the density of the underlying layer or uneven energy transfer is detected, the compaction energy or guide plate angle can be dynamically adjusted to achieve intelligent closed-loop control. Existing technologies rely solely on experience to control the number of compaction cycles, making it difficult to prevent local collapse or over-compression damage. By establishing a monitoring relationship between soil density, elastic modulus, and energy absorption density, quantitative detection and dynamic feedback are achieved, transforming the backfilling process from experience-based construction to parametric construction. This not only improves the controllability of the guide plate system but also provides data support for subsequent quality assessment.

[0082] 5. The roadbed compaction construction quality monitoring system vertically divides the pipeline backfill area into a pipeline protection zone and a free compaction zone, effectively implementing differentiated compaction strategies for different areas. Traditional layered compaction does not distinguish the impact range of compaction, which can easily lead to direct impact on the top of the pipe, causing structural fatigue or displacement. By setting a planar steel plate in the pipeline protection zone, the compaction force acts within the projection range of the steel plate, and the force transmitted to the top of the pipe is parallel to the ground, forming a uniform compressive stress distribution, improving density while avoiding direct vertical impact damage to the pipe body. The free compaction zone can use higher energy compaction to improve the overall support strength. This zoning design coordinates the forces on both sides and above the pipeline, preventing uneven settlement and stress concentration. Through this regional control strategy, the synergistic optimization of density and load-bearing capacity is achieved while maintaining structural safety, ensuring the long-term stability and construction repeatability of culverts or buried pipelines. Attached Figure Description

[0083] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system modules of the present invention.

[0084] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the pipe of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the upper arch force guide plate and the lower arch force guide plate of the present invention.

[0086] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the planar steel plate of the present invention.

[0087] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rammer of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0088] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0089] Example 1, refer to Figure 1 A roadbed compaction construction quality monitoring system, comprising:

[0090] Culvert engineering during roadbed construction refers to structural passageways built during the construction of railways, highways, or other roadbeds to ensure the smooth flow of water, drainage, pipelines, or small passages beneath the road. Culverts are composed of concrete, reinforced concrete, or masonry structures and are located below or to the side of the roadbed, serving as drainage channels or passageways for pipelines, pedestrians, livestock, and other small traffic vehicles. Insufficient backfill compaction or uneven tamping during construction can easily lead to pipeline settlement, misalignment, or roadbed collapse.

[0091] Existing layered backfilling techniques primarily improve overall compaction by controlling backfill layer thickness and the number of compaction blows. However, in culvert pipeline construction, the space below the pipe is narrow, the soil has poor fluidity, and the compaction force attenuates significantly, making it difficult to fully compact the lower soil. Furthermore, the compaction may directly affect the pipeline, causing displacement or stress concentration. This solution addresses these issues by introducing upper and lower arch force guide plates working synergistically to effectively transfer the compaction force to under-compacted areas. A real-time monitoring module identifies low-density points, triggering lower arch force compensation or oblique compaction adjustment to achieve closed-loop control of layered compaction. This ensures the safety of the pipeline structure and the quality of construction.

[0092] The poor fluidity of the backfill area on the lower part of the pipe waist is mainly due to: narrow space and large constraints → particles cannot move freely; soil friction and compaction state → reduced fluidity; load applied to the upper soil and pipe → settlement and stress are hindered; surface compaction cannot effectively act on the lower layer → soil becomes stiff.

[0093] Steel plates possess high rigidity and compressive strength, capable of withstanding impact forces without deformation, making them suitable for on-site construction. In engineering practice, using steel plates for force distribution or temporary protection is a standard practice with no particular safety hazards. Steel plates can be reused across multiple backfill layers and construction sections, offering cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness.

[0094] To verify the effectiveness of this scheme in improving construction quality during culvert pipeline subgrade backfilling, the same soil conditions and construction scenarios were selected to compare the compaction effects of traditional layered backfilling with that of this scheme (including upper and lower arch guide plates and a real-time monitoring and control system). The experimental results are as follows:

[0095] Lower layer relative density (%RC): Traditional scheme 92.0%, this scheme 97.0%, an increase of 5.0 percentage points (absolute increase of approximately 5.4%). Average number of compaction passes (passes / segment): Traditional scheme 3.2 passes, this scheme 0.6 passes, a reduction of 2.6 passes, approximately a relative reduction of 81%. Maximum lower layer settlement (mm): Traditional scheme 12.0 mm, this scheme 4.2 mm, a reduction of 7.8 mm, approximately a relative reduction of 65%. Maximum pipe displacement (mm): Traditional scheme 6.0 mm, this scheme 1.5 mm, a reduction of 4.5 mm, approximately a relative reduction of 75%. Energy absorbed per unit volume ρ (J / m³): Traditional scheme 1.8 × 10⁻⁶. 5 J / m³, the value of this scheme is 2.4×10 5 J / m³, an increase of 0.6×10 5 The J / m³ is increased by approximately 33%, indicating that this scheme can more efficiently transfer compaction energy to the target subsoil. Construction time (hours / segment): The traditional scheme is 2.1 hours, while this scheme is 2.3 hours, a slight increase of about 10%. However, due to the significant reduction in the number of additional compaction operations and the reduced need for subsequent repairs, the overall construction efficiency and quality benefits are significantly improved.

[0096] In summary, this solution significantly improves the compaction and energy absorption efficiency of the soil at the bottom of the culvert without significantly increasing construction time, and greatly reduces the risk of settlement and displacement, thus verifying the practicality and superiority of the system in culvert backfilling construction.

[0097] Layered soil filling module, used for roadbed backfilling construction of culverts and pipelines, backfills the soil on both sides of the pipeline in layers, and sets up an upper arch guide plate for the backfill layer to guide the compaction force to act on the soil below, including:

[0098] The pipeline is composed of multiple pipe sections joined end to end, and a foundation layer is laid at the bottom of the pipeline to support it.

[0099] The backfill area along the pipe side shall be backfilled in layers, specifically as follows:

[0100] Set the layered backfill height ;

[0101] Obtain the length of the pipe centerline The central axis of the pipeline represents the longitudinal direction;

[0102] Calculate the number of backfill layers in the pipe-side backfill area. In this embodiment, refer to Figure 2 It only targets the lower part of the pipe waist. The upper part of the pipe waist has relatively spacious space and a high degree of freedom of soil. Surface tamping can rearrange and compact the soil particles, resulting in a significant compaction effect without the need for additional guide plates.

[0103] The upper arch force guide plate is designed by bending a flat steel plate. In this embodiment, refer to... Figure 3 The cross-section has an arc-shaped profile, which includes an upper end and a lower end. The upper arch guide plate is locked by the lower rotation center to ensure that the angle and position are controllable. It is combined with the support or embedded in the soil to ensure stability. The protective plate is used to isolate the pipeline to protect the pipeline safety and maintain the relative position of the guide plate.

[0104] In this design, both the upper and lower arch guide plates are modularly designed according to the length of a single pipe section of the culvert. Each guide plate corresponds to the backfilling area within the range of only one pipe section, meaning the length of the guide plate is the same as the length of the pipe section. During construction, layered filling and compaction control are carried out independently on a pipe section basis, guiding the compaction force to act on the target soil and achieving precise local force transmission and density control.

[0105] Number the backfill layers sequentially from low to high, and design the position of the arching guide plate for each backfill layer:

[0106] Establish a three-dimensional coordinate system by taking any point at the bottom of the pipe as the origin;

[0107] Regarding the first The arc-shaped profile of the arched guide plate on the upper layer:

[0108] Get the upper endpoint and upper endpoint Calculate the midpoint position slope ;

[0109] Calculate the midpoint position normal vector It is then updated to a unit normal vector, with the normal vector pointing towards the interior space of the pipe.

[0110] Get the Thickness of backfill soil for the arch guide plate ;

[0111] Will , and Offset along the normal vector to obtain the first The upper end point of the arch guide plate on the upper layer lower endpoint and midpoint position , , , ;

[0112] By the Fitting the upper, lower, and midpoint positions of the upper arch guide plate to form a guide circle is an existing technology. The position of the upper guide plate serves as an established reference, ensuring continuous transfer of compaction force, consistent guide plate geometry, and accurate construction positioning, while also protecting pipeline safety. This is a key principle for designing the position of the upper arch guide plate in layered backfilling construction.

[0113] In the The guide arc is obtained by cutting the guide circle and the pipe cross-section from the backfill layer;

[0114] The geometry of the upper arch force guide plate is fixed;

[0115] With the first The lower end of the backfill layer is the rotation center, and the upper arch guide plate is rotated around the rotation center to generate multiple candidate positions;

[0116] Calculate the similarity between the upper arch guide plate and the guiding arc at each candidate position. Iterate through each candidate position, select multiple discrete points at the candidate position, calculate the shortest distance between the discrete points and the guiding arc, calculate the mean of all shortest distances, and record it as the similarity distance. The smaller the similarity distance, the greater the similarity.

[0117] Obtain the candidate position with the highest similarity as the first In this embodiment, the position of the arching guide plate of the backfill layer is referenced. Figure 2 An upper arch force guide plate is placed at the location, and a protective plate is installed to separate the upper arch force guide plate and the pipeline. The protective plate is located between the upper arch force guide plate and the pipeline to isolate the direct impact force, prevent the ramming plate or soil from acting on the pipeline surface, and reduce the risk of displacement or settlement.

[0118] During construction, the backfill areas on both sides are constructed simultaneously, and the symmetrical compaction force ensures that the pipeline is subjected to uniform stress, which can reduce the construction period and facilitate force monitoring and compaction feedback adjustment.

[0119] Once the upper arch guide plate is removed, the space it occupies will be automatically filled by the backfilling operation of the current or next layer of soil. When compacting adjacent areas or continuing to fill the upper layer of soil, the compaction process will cause local lateral soil flow, which will refill and compact the gaps at the location of the guide plate.

[0120] The upward arching guidance and monitoring module is used to monitor the compaction force and calculate the compressive strength of the backfill layer, estimate the soil density of the backfill layer, and determine whether to trigger the downward arching force dispersion and compensation module based on the density threshold. This includes:

[0121] The force sensor is used to monitor the compaction force at the bottom of the tamping plate in real time. ;

[0122] Get the The area of ​​the backfill layer's arching guide plate mapped onto the ground. ;

[0123] Calculate the first Compressive strength of backfill layer ,in, The force conductance coefficient of the calibrated upper arch plate represents the proportion of vertical compaction force converted into effective pressure. The soil energy attenuation coefficient characterizes the degree to which compaction strength decreases with depth. Simulate the soil depth attenuation effect;

[0124] For the first Backfill layer to the first Distance of backfill layers It is a positive integer;

[0125] Estimate the first Soil density of backfill layer ,in, The initial density is set. The compaction growth coefficient, For relaxation correction coefficients, Pressure normalization factor; The pressure gain term, logarithm, indicates that the density increases rapidly in the initial compaction stage, and then gradually slows down; For deformation correction term, indicating the first term. The loss of effective density due to settlement of the backfill layer after being subjected to stress, if the settlement value ,but reduce;

[0126] Set density threshold ;

[0127] like , will the The backfill layer is designated as an under-compacted layer, triggering the downward arch force dispersion and compensation module.

[0128] In layered backfilling construction, the upper arch force guide plate transfers the force of the tamping plate to the soil below. The compaction of the current layer affects the density of the already filled backfill layer. Insufficient force or excessive compaction may result in localized under-compaction or density loss. By monitoring the density of the lower layer in real time, the effect of force transfer can be evaluated. When the density of the lower layer is insufficient, the lower arch force guide plate can be triggered for compensation or oblique compaction adjustment to avoid the formation of low-density areas and improve construction quality and reliability.

[0129] The lower arch force dispersion and compensation module is used to set multiple candidate locations and estimate the equivalent compaction of each candidate location. It then sets a lower arch force guide plate at the optimal location for the undercompacted layer, including:

[0130] Calculate the normal distance between the upper and lower arch force guide plates. In this embodiment, refer to... Figure 3 The normal distance refers to the vertical (normal) distance between the lower arch guide plate and the upper arch guide plate.

[0131] Setting the target force transmission efficiency of the lower arch guide plate for the insufficiently dense layer ;

[0132] Upper limit of calculating normal distance ;

[0133] Set a lower limit for the normal distance At the lower end of the upper arch guide plate and Multiple candidate positions are set vertically within the interval;

[0134] The reason for setting the normal distance is that the upper arch guide plate directs the compaction force to the soil below, while the lower arch guide plate compensates for the force in the undercompacted area through reaction. The normal distance determines the force transmission efficiency of the lower arch guide plate to the undercompacted layer. If the distance is too small, it may interfere with the upper arch guide plate or pipeline, and the compaction force may be too concentrated, resulting in excessive local stress on the soil. If the distance is too large, the force transmission is insufficient, and the undercompacted layer cannot be effectively compensated.

[0135] The lower arch guide plate is a key design feature for addressing the undercompacted area at the bottom of the pipe. It compensates for force attenuation, resolves localized low compaction, and achieves layered closed-loop control. Through pre-reserved vertical or oblique insertion channels, it is slowly inserted into the filled soil in a predetermined direction. The edges are designed with thin blades or rounded corners to minimize soil disturbance. A slight decrease in localized compaction may occur during insertion, but this can be compensated for by guiding oblique or layered compaction with the guide plate. Real-time monitoring of the lower layer's compaction allows for adjustments to the number of compactions or the force applied.

[0136] Iterate through each candidate position, place the lower arch force guide plate at the candidate position, and estimate the effect of the lower arch force guide plate on the front. The equivalent density generated by each backfill layer;

[0137] Establishing the relationship between soil density and material elastic modulus is a fundamental technology for existing technologies. ,in, For standard elastic modulus, This is an empirical coefficient. The elastic modulus of a material with a less dense solid layer;

[0138] Calculate the missing stiffness value of the under-dense solid layer .

[0139] The arch force dispersion and compensation module is used to set multiple candidate locations and estimate the equivalent compaction of each candidate location. It also sets a lower arch force guide plate for the undercompacted layer at the optimal location. The module further includes:

[0140] The calculation of the attenuation coefficient of the force propagating from the lower arch guide plate to the surrounding areas. ,in, The vertical distance between the sub-dense layer and the lower arched guide plate. The interval between the upper arch force guide plate and the lower arch force guide plate, when When it increases, the attenuation coefficient... reduce;

[0141] Obtain the reference stress of the lower arched guide plate ;

[0142] Calculate the stiffness compensation value of the under-dense solid layer under the influence of the lower arched guide plate. ;

[0143] Will Normalize and update to the normalized value;

[0144] Calculate equivalent compactness ;

[0145] The candidate position with the highest equivalent density is selected as the optimal position for setting the lower arch force guide plate;

[0146] The lower arch force guide plate and the upper arch force guide plate have the same geometric structure. The lower arch force guide plate is placed in the optimal position to reduce the influence of the upper arch force guide plate on the insufficient solid area.

[0147] The backfill construction monitoring module is used to collect sensor data, calculate energy density and estimate soil compaction, identify low-density points in the pipe-side backfill area and trigger the inclined compaction adjustment module, including:

[0148] The backfill construction monitoring module is used to collect soil conditions in real time and identify low-density points on the pipe side. It serves as a remedial measure for insufficient compaction or local disturbance that the upper and lower arch force guide plates may cause to the already filled soil. At the same time, through energy density calculation and compaction assessment, the number of blows, angle, and force can be reasonably adjusted to avoid damage to the original compacted soil, ensure the closed-loop compaction effect of layered backfilling, and achieve the overall stability of pipeline support and roadbed.

[0149] The time step for compaction of the pipe-side filling area after removing the lower and upper arching guide plates. Inside:

[0150] Multiple sampling points are evenly set on the roadbed surface. For each sampling point:

[0151] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 5 The ramming plate is rectangular, with an area of... Calculate the volume of soil produced by a single compaction of the tamping plate. ;

[0152] Calculate the energy density absorbed per unit volume at the sampling point. ;

[0153] Estimate the soil compaction at the sampling points , This is the density scaling factor, representing the achievable density increment of soil under saturated compaction conditions. This is the energy-density mapping coefficient, which controls the effect of energy input on density growth. This is the energy decay factor, indicating that the more compacted the material, the more difficult it is to compact it again.

[0154] Set soil compaction error threshold ;

[0155] like If the sampling point is deemed unqualified, it is recorded as a low-density solid point, triggering the oblique compaction adjustment module.

[0156] The inclined compaction adjustment module is used to divide low-density point combinations into multiple regions, calculate the energy density based on the density threshold, calculate the required number of compaction blows for each region, and plan the angle position of the compaction plate, including:

[0157] Obtain all low-density real points, and use existing clustering algorithms to combine and segment the low-density real points into multiple regions;

[0158] For any region:

[0159] Obtain the area of ​​the region projected onto the ground. The volume of the region is ;

[0160] Computational region density missing values ;

[0161] Inferring the missing energy density in the region based on soil density. ;

[0162] Energy required for computation region And obtain the energy of a single impact. ;

[0163] Calculate the number of tamping blows. ;

[0164] The pipeline backfill area is vertically divided into a pipeline protection zone and a free compaction zone;

[0165] A flat steel plate is placed at an angle within the pipeline protection zone. The flat steel plate is then mapped onto a horizontal plane to obtain its projection surface. The length of the cross-section of the projected steel plate surface is then determined. ;

[0166] Calculate the angle between the flat steel plate and the horizontal plane. ;

[0167] The impact plate is limited to the projected surface of the steel plate in the pipeline protection zone and does not directly act on other soil in the pipeline protection zone. The pipeline protection zone is located above and on both sides of the pipeline. Directly acting on the soil may transfer the force to the pipeline, causing pipeline displacement, rupture, or local stress concentration.

[0168] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 4 The projected surface of the steel plate acts as a force transmission medium, evenly distributing the compaction force to the soil surrounding the pipeline. The steel plate converts the force into a radial force parallel to the pipeline's cross-section, preventing displacement or localized stress concentration. This prevents excessive localized stress or insufficient compaction. It also avoids uneven compaction of the soil within the pipeline protection zone, maintaining a closed-loop control effect for the compaction of layered backfilling.

[0169] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0170] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A roadbed compaction construction quality monitoring system, characterized in that, include: The layered soil filling module is used for roadbed backfilling construction of culverts and pipelines. It backfills the soil on both sides of the pipeline in layers and sets up an upper arch guide plate for the backfill layer to guide the compaction force to act on the soil below. The upper arch guiding and monitoring module is used to monitor the compaction force and calculate the compressive strength of the backfill layer, estimate the soil density of the backfill layer, and determine whether to trigger the lower arch force dispersion and compensation module based on the density threshold. The lower arch force dispersion and compensation module is used to set multiple candidate locations and estimate the equivalent compaction of each candidate location, and set the lower arch force guide plate for the undercompacted layer at the optimal location; The backfill construction monitoring module is used to collect sensor data, calculate energy density and estimate soil compaction, identify low-density points in the pipe-side backfill area and trigger the inclined compaction adjustment module. The inclined compaction adjustment module is used to divide the low-density point combination into multiple regions, calculate the energy density from the density threshold, calculate the number of tamping blows required for each region, and plan the angle position of the tamping plate.

2. The roadbed compaction construction quality monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The layered soil filling module is used for the roadbed backfilling construction of culvert pipelines. It backfills the soil on both sides of the pipeline in layers, and sets up an upper arch guide plate for the backfill layer to guide the compaction force to act on the soil below, including: The pipeline is composed of multiple pipe sections joined end to end, and a foundation layer is laid at the bottom of the pipeline to support it. The backfill area along the pipe side shall be backfilled in layers, specifically as follows: Set the layered backfill height ; Obtain the length of the pipe centerline The central axis of the pipeline represents the longitudinal direction; Calculate the number of backfill layers in the pipe-side backfill area. ; The upper arch force guide plate is designed by bending a flat steel plate, with an arc-shaped profile in the cross-section, including an upper end point and a lower end point; Number the backfill layers sequentially from low to high, and design the position of the arching guide plate for each backfill layer: Establish a three-dimensional coordinate system by taking any point at the bottom of the pipe as the origin; Regarding the first The arc-shaped profile of the arched guide plate on the upper layer: Get the upper endpoint and upper endpoint Calculate the midpoint position slope ; Calculate the position of the midpoint normal vector It is then updated to a unit normal vector, with the normal vector pointing towards the interior space of the pipe.

3. The roadbed compaction construction quality monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method of setting an arched guide plate for the backfill layer to guide the compaction force to act on the soil below also includes: Get the Thickness of backfill soil for the arch guide plate ; Will , and Offset along the normal vector to obtain the first The upper end point of the arch guide plate on the upper layer lower endpoint and midpoint position , ; By the The guide circle is fitted by the positions of the upper end point, lower end point, and midpoint of the arch guide plate on the upper layer; In the The guide arc is obtained by cutting the guide circle and the pipe cross-section from the backfill layer; The geometry of the upper arch force guide plate is fixed; With the first The lower end of the backfill layer guide arc is the rotation center, and the upper arch force guide plate rotates around the rotation center to generate multiple candidate positions; Calculate the similarity between the upper arch guide plate and the guiding arc at each candidate position; Obtain the candidate position with the highest similarity as the first The position of the upper arching guide plate in the backfill layer, the upper arching guide plate is placed at the position, and a protective plate is set to separate the upper arching guide plate from the pipeline.

4. The roadbed compaction construction quality monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper arch guiding and monitoring module is used to monitor the compaction force and calculate the compressive pressure of the backfill layer, estimate the soil density of the backfill layer, and determine whether to trigger the lower arch force dispersion and compensation module based on the density threshold, including: The force sensor is used to monitor the compaction force at the bottom of the tamping plate in real time. ; Get the The area of ​​the backfill layer's arching guide plate mapped onto the ground. ; Calculate the first Compressive strength of backfill layer ,in, The force conductance coefficient of the calibrated upper arch plate represents the proportion of vertical compaction force converted into effective pressure. The soil energy attenuation coefficient characterizes the degree to which compaction strength decreases with depth. Simulate the soil depth attenuation effect; For the first Backfill layer to the first Distance of backfill layers It is a positive integer; Estimate the first Soil density of backfill layer ,in, The initial density is set. The compaction growth coefficient, For relaxation correction coefficients, Pressure normalization factor; The pressure gain term, logarithm, indicates that the density increases rapidly in the initial compaction stage, and then gradually slows down; For deformation correction term, indicating the first term. The loss of effective density due to settlement of the backfill layer after being subjected to stress, if the settlement value ,but reduce; Set density threshold ; like , will the The backfill layer is designated as an under-compacted layer, triggering the downward arch force dispersion and compensation module.

5. The roadbed compaction construction quality monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lower arch force dispersion and compensation module is used to set multiple candidate locations and estimate the equivalent compaction of each candidate location, and to set a lower arch force guide plate for the undercompacted layer at the optimal location, including: Calculate the normal distance between the upper and lower arch force guide plates, specifically: Setting the target force transmission efficiency of the lower arch guide plate for the insufficiently dense layer ; Upper limit of calculating normal distance ; Set the lower limit of the normal distance At the lower end of the upper arch guide plate and Multiple candidate positions are set vertically within the interval; Iterate through each candidate position, place the lower arch force guide plate at the candidate position, and estimate the effect of the lower arch force guide plate on the front. The equivalent density generated by each backfill layer; Establish the relationship between soil density and material elastic modulus ,in, For standard elastic modulus, This is an empirical coefficient. The elastic modulus of a material with a poorly dense solid layer; Calculate the missing stiffness value of the under-dense solid layer .

6. The roadbed compaction construction quality monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The arch force dispersion and compensation module is used to set multiple candidate locations and estimate the equivalent compaction of each candidate location, and to set a lower arch force guide plate for the undercompacted layer at the optimal location. It also includes: The calculation of the attenuation coefficient of the force propagating from the lower arch guide plate to the surrounding areas. ,in, The vertical distance between the sub-dense layer and the lower arched guide plate. The interval between the upper arch force guide plate and the lower arch force guide plate, when When it increases, the attenuation coefficient... reduce; Obtain the reference stress of the lower arched guide plate ; Calculate the stiffness compensation value of the under-dense solid layer under the influence of the lower arched guide plate. ; Will Normalize and update to the normalized value; Calculate equivalent compactness ; The candidate position with the highest equivalent density is selected as the optimal position for setting the lower arch force guide plate; The lower arch force guide plate and the upper arch force guide plate have the same geometric structure. The lower arch force guide plate is placed in the optimal position to reduce the influence of the upper arch force guide plate on the insufficient solid area.

7. The roadbed compaction construction quality monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The backfill construction monitoring module is used to collect sensor data, calculate energy density and estimate soil compaction, identify low-density points in the pipe-side backfill area and trigger the inclined compaction adjustment module, including: The time step for compaction of the pipe-side filling area after removing the lower and upper arching guide plates. Inside: Multiple sampling points are evenly set on the roadbed surface. For each sampling point: Obtain the area of ​​the ramming plate Calculate the volume of soil produced by a single compaction of the tamping plate. ; Calculate the energy density absorbed per unit volume at the sampling point. ; Estimate the soil compaction at the sampling points , This is the density scaling factor, representing the achievable density increment of soil under saturated compaction conditions. This is the energy-density mapping coefficient, which controls the effect of energy input on density growth. This is the energy decay factor, indicating that the more compacted the material, the more difficult it is to compact it again. Set soil compaction error threshold ; like If the sampling point is deemed unqualified, it is recorded as a low-density solid point, triggering the oblique compaction adjustment module.

8. The roadbed compaction construction quality monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The inclined compaction adjustment module is used to divide the low-density point combination into multiple regions, calculate the energy density from the density threshold, calculate the number of compaction blows required for each region, and plan the angle position of the compaction plate, including: Obtain all low-density real points, and use a clustering algorithm to combine and segment the low-density real points into multiple regions; For any region: Obtain the area of ​​the region projected onto the ground. The volume of the region is ; Computational region density missing values ; Inferring the missing energy density in the region based on soil density. ; Energy required for computation region And obtain the energy of a single impact. ; Calculate the number of tamping blows. ; The pipeline backfill area is vertically divided into a pipeline protection zone and a free compaction zone; A flat steel plate is placed at an angle within the pipeline protection zone. The flat steel plate is then mapped onto a horizontal plane to obtain its projection surface. The length of the cross-section of the projected steel plate surface is then determined. ; Calculate the angle between the flat steel plate and the horizontal plane. ; The compaction plate is limited to the projected surface of the steel plate in the pipeline protection zone and does not directly act on other soil in the pipeline protection zone. The number of compaction times in all areas of the pipeline protection zone is superimposed on the projected surface of the steel plate.

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