Flexible energy dissipation node connecting structure for fabricated slope protection in cold region and construction method of flexible energy dissipation node connecting structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological slope protection engineering in cold regions, in particular to a flexible energy dissipation joint connecting structure for fabricated slope protection in cold regions and a construction method thereof.The flexible energy dissipation joint connecting structure comprises prefabricated slope protection components and prefabricated ecological sashes formed by anchoring beams arranged longitudinally and transversely, and the anchoring beams between every four adjacent prefabricated ecological sashes are in a cross-shaped joint; a flexible energy dissipation device capable of absorbing and eliminating controllable elastic deformation energy generated by the node under the action of frost heaving force and self-adaptively resetting after the frost heaving force disappears is arranged; the flexible embedding assembly comprises an embedding shell, a preformed flexible energy dissipation body is arranged in the embedding shell, a positioning pile is vertically arranged at the bottom of the flexible energy dissipation body, and a limiting reset mechanism which has a synergistic effect with the flexible energy dissipation body is arranged at the butt joint position of the flexible energy dissipation body and the positioning pile. The cooperative limiting reset mechanism has the self-adaptive reset capacity, after frost heaving force disappears, plastic deformation or loosening occurs at the joint, and the initial form and tightness of the joint can be recovered after each freezing and thawing period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological slope protection engineering technology in cold regions, specifically to a flexible energy dissipation node connection structure and its construction method for prefabricated slope protection in cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional prefabricated slope protection projects in cold regions, rigid connection schemes such as welding, bolting, or concrete pouring are commonly used in order to pursue the immediate integrity and high strength of the structure.

[0003] By using welding connections, metal parts (such as steel plates and reinforcing bars) pre-embedded in two slope protection components (such as concrete blocks or ecological frames) are directly connected together in the factory or on site through methods such as arc welding, forming a continuous and rigid force transmission path.

[0004] The rigid bolt connection method is adopted. Bolt holes are reserved on the prefabricated components, and high-strength bolts with high preload are used to fasten adjacent components on site. The load is transferred by the axial tensile force of the bolts and the friction of the contact surface of the components.

[0005] The method employs cast-in-place concrete connections, pre-reserving reinforcing rings or tenons at the joints of adjacent components. After on-site installation, formwork is erected at the joints and micro-expansion concrete is poured to form a "wet joint," thus solidifying the discrete components into a unified whole. The initial design intent of these technologies is to simulate a monolithic structure through "strong connections," enabling the slope protection to share stress collaboratively.

[0006] However, in the unique "seasonal repeated freezing and heave" environment of cold regions, the inherent technical defects of rigid connections are exposed and amplified, mainly including: The joints are prone to fatigue fracture or plastic deformation, leading to structural loosening. They cannot withstand repeated frost heave forces; the lack of energy dissipation mechanisms results in stress concentration; and uneven deformation and residual deformation accumulation, along with uneven frost heave of the foundation soil beneath the slope, cause different displacements of adjacent components. Rigid connections forcibly constrain this differential displacement, generating enormous secondary stresses within the joints and further exacerbating the damage.

[0007] After repeated freeze-thaw cycles, weld cracking, bolt shearing or elongation, concrete breakage at cast-in-place joints, and steel reinforcement being pulled out or yielding frequently occur at the connection points. This leads to loosening, misalignment, and even detachment between slope protection components, causing the entire slope protection structure to become loose and lose its protective function.

[0008] Construction and maintenance are difficult, resulting in high costs for safe lifespan. Construction is highly dependent on external factors and has poor adaptability; welding and concrete curing have strict requirements for ambient temperature, making it difficult to guarantee work quality during the short construction window in cold regions. The non-modular design leads to low maintainability: traditional rigid connections form individual components as a whole. Damage to a local node means an interruption of the load transfer path. Because nodes are not independent, replaceable parts, maintenance inevitably incurs high costs and complex procedures, ultimately leading to the structure operating with defects until complete failure.

[0009] On-site welding or concrete pouring is greatly affected by frigid weather, making it difficult to guarantee quality and resulting in low construction efficiency. Once a joint is damaged, repairs are difficult and often require large-scale demolition and reconstruction, which is costly.

[0010] In summary, the fundamental problem with existing rigid connection nodes lies in the mismatch between their design philosophy and the mechanical properties of cold-region environments. They attempt to use static, rigid methods to cope with dynamic, cyclic fatigue loads, neglecting energy absorption and release, and ultimately fail due to "rigidity leading to easy breakage" and "fatigue accumulation." Furthermore, their inherent structural form leads to difficulties in construction and maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a flexible energy dissipation node connection structure and its construction method for prefabricated slope protection in cold regions, to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. This invention utilizes a flexible energy dissipation device at the cross-shaped node that absorbs and eliminates the energy of controllable elastic deformation caused by frost heave force, and adaptively resets after the frost heave force disappears. This allows the cross-shaped node connection to undergo limited and controllable elastic deformation under frost heave force, actively absorbing and dissipating the destructive frost heave energy. This transforms the cross-shaped node from the weakest link into a fatigue-resistant buffer, significantly improving the fatigue life and durability of the entire slope protection structure under freeze-thaw cycles. The collaborative limiting and reset mechanism has adaptive reset capability; after the frost heave force disappears (during the thaw period), the node can rely on its own elastic recovery force to basically reset the component. This automatically restores any plastic deformation or loosening at the node, allowing the structure to recover its initial shape and tightness after each freeze-thaw cycle, avoiding the accumulation of residual deformation.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a flexible energy dissipation node connection structure for prefabricated slope protection in cold regions, comprising prefabricated slope protection components, each prefabricated slope protection component comprising prefabricated ecological frames formed by longitudinally and transversely arranged anchor beams, wherein the anchor beams between four adjacent prefabricated ecological frames form a cross-shaped node, and a flexible energy dissipation device is provided at the cross-shaped node to absorb and eliminate the energy of controllable elastic deformation generated by the node under frost heave force and to adaptively reset after the frost heave force disappears. The flexible energy dissipation device comprises a flexible fitting component disposed at the center of the cross-shaped node and a snap-fit ​​positioning component fitted between the flexible fitting component and the end of each anchor beam; the flexible energy dissipation device enables the cross-shaped node connection to undergo limited and controllable elastic deformation under frost heave force, actively absorbing and dissipating the destructive frost heave energy, thereby transforming the cross-shaped node from the weakest link into a fatigue-resistant buffer link, significantly improving the fatigue life and durability of the entire slope protection structure under freeze-thaw cycles.

[0013] The flexible interlocking component includes an interlocking shell containing a pre-formed flexible energy dissipator. A positioning post is vertically positioned at the bottom of the flexible energy dissipator, and a limiting and resetting mechanism, working in conjunction with the positioning post, is located at the interface between the flexible energy dissipator and the positioning post. Utilizing the adaptive resetting capability of the flexible material, the limiting and resetting mechanism allows the joint to essentially return to its original position after the frost heave force disappears (during the thaw period). This automatically restores any plastic deformation or loosening at the joint, ensuring the structure recovers its initial shape and tightness after each freeze-thaw cycle, preventing the accumulation of residual deformation and thus maintaining the overall stability and protective function of the structure over the long term.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the flexible energy dissipator includes a composite damping matrix cast within an embedded shell. The composite damping matrix is ​​made of a high-molecular polymer. Under alternating stress generated by frost heave, the internal macromolecular chains of the composite damping matrix generate intense internal friction, which is converted into heat energy and dissipated. The uniform force transmission characteristics of the flexible energy dissipator, when subjected to alternating stress (frost heave), cause intense internal friction within its macromolecular chains, converting mechanical energy into heat energy and dissipating it. This makes the stress distribution more uniform, controlling the effective stress concentration factor to within 1.2. The high resilience of the high-performance flexible material provides the restoring force. After each freeze-thaw cycle, it can drive adjacent components to return to their initial relative positions with a deviation of less than 2mm. This characteristic effectively suppresses the "creeping" bulging or settlement of the slope protection structure caused by frost heave, and the long-term cumulative positional deviation can be controlled within 2cm, while the same deviation in traditional structures may be as high as 10cm, leading to functional loss. As a "sacrificial" deformation unit, its deformation is strictly limited to the elastic range (e.g., rubber pad shear strain <50%), ensuring that the entire node system remains fully elastic under the action of maximum frost heave force, with a residual deformation rate of <1%, fundamentally avoiding the accumulation of plastic deformation.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the limiting and resetting mechanism includes a central limiting hole disposed between the composite damping matrix and the positioning pile. A stacked rubber-metal composite pad or a butterfly spring assembly is disposed along the axial direction of the central limiting hole, the butterfly spring assembly comprising several stacked butterfly springs. The limiting and resetting mechanism limits the maximum displacement of the cross-shaped node, ensuring that the deformation is always within a "limited and controllable" elastic range, preventing structural instability due to excessive displacement. The stacked rubber-metal composite pad or butterfly spring assembly will rebound and return to its original shape after unloading. This inherent elasticity ensures that after the frost heave force subsides (during the thawing period), the node can automatically and essentially return to its initial position, i.e., "adaptive resetting."

[0016] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the fitting shell includes longitudinal connecting ribs and transverse connecting ribs arranged in a cross shape along the circumference. The outer circumferential surfaces of both the longitudinal and transverse connecting ribs are convex arc-shaped surfaces. The end of the anchor beam is provided with a concave arc-shaped surface. The concave arc-shaped surface and the convex arc-shaped surface are fitted together for installation. A pre-tightening installation hole is provided between the concave arc-shaped surface and the convex arc-shaped surface, and three pre-tightening installation holes are provided vertically. A pre-tightening rod is fitted into the pre-tightening installation hole through a transition fit.

[0017] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the fitting shell is provided with plug-in T-shaped mortises between the longitudinal connecting ribs and the transverse connecting ribs. The four T-shaped mortises are located at a 45° angle between the two vertically arranged anchor beams. The two adjacent anchor beams are provided with anchor beam grooves symmetrically arranged along the 45° line. The two symmetrical anchor beam grooves are arranged collinearly to form a straight plug-in groove. The T-shaped mortises and the straight plug-in grooves form a T-shaped plug-in groove.

[0018] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the snap-fit ​​positioning component includes a connecting tenon that fits into a T-shaped insertion slot. The connecting tenon and the T-shaped insertion slot are shaped and sized to match, and there is a clearance fit between them. Micro-expansion mortar is filled in the gap between the connecting tenon and the T-shaped insertion slot. The connecting tenon and the T-shaped insertion slot are compatible, and the components are designed as standardized modules of different specifications. This snap-fit ​​structure at the cross-shaped node reduces maintenance and emergency repair costs, simplifies single-point repair module replacement, and saves costs. Standardized modules of different specifications such as S, M, and L are designed according to the dimensions of the slope protection components and the expected frost heave load. Each module has a unified connection interface size and installation requirements.

[0019] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the anchoring beam includes a longitudinal anchoring beam and a transverse anchoring beam. The space enclosed by the concave and convex arc-shaped surfaces at the ends of the longitudinal and transverse anchoring beams is filled with micro-expansion mortar. The longitudinal and transverse anchoring beams are then pressed tightly against each other with connecting parts; locking ensures proper connection. The micro-expansion mortar fills the gaps in the space enclosed by the arc-shaped ends, forming an integral structure that is tightly bonded to the concrete body of the anchoring beam, avoiding stress concentration caused by gaps. The self-stress generated by expansion enhances the bond strength between the micro-expansion mortar and the reinforcing steel and concrete interface of the anchoring beam, transferring the dispersed force of the anchoring beam to the enclosing filler, thus improving the anchoring system's resistance to pull-out and shear loads.

[0020] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a number of prefabricated interlocking blocks are laid longitudinally and transversely within the prefabricated ecological frame. The prefabricated interlocking blocks are provided with interlocking block fitting grooves along the circumference, and adjacent prefabricated interlocking blocks are sequentially fitted together through the interlocking block fitting grooves to fill the prefabricated ecological frame.

[0021] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a construction method for a flexible energy dissipation node connection structure for prefabricated slope protection in cold regions includes the following steps: Step 1: Locate the positioning point of the flexible interlocking component and fix the positioning stake on the slope. Locate the positioning point of the flexible interlocking component and fix the positioning stake on the slope. Insert one end of the pre-tightening rod into the pre-tightening installation hole corresponding to the outer convex arc surface of the interlocking shell and make transition fit. Step 2: Clean the concave arc surfaces of adjacent and opposite anchor beams. Insert the other end of the pre-tightening rod into the pre-tightening mounting hole on the concave arc surface and transition fit until the convex arc surface and the concave arc surface are in clearance fit. Step 3: Using the method in Step 2, install another longitudinal anchor beam and the other two transverse anchor beams at this node in sequence, keeping the longitudinal anchor beams at each node parallel to the slope toe length direction and the transverse anchor beams perpendicular to the slope toe length direction. Step 4: The longitudinal anchor beam and the transverse anchor beam form a T-shaped insertion groove with the fitted shell respectively. The connecting tenon is inserted into the T-shaped insertion groove. The adjacent anchor beams are fitted together through the tenon and groove. The installation is carried out step by step from the foot of the slope to the top of the slope. Step 5: Fill the gap between the connecting tenon and the T-shaped mortar with micro-expansion mortar; Step Six: Fill the space enclosed by the concave and convex arc surfaces at the ends of the longitudinal and transverse anchor beams with micro-expansion mortar. Step 7: Lay several prefabricated interlocking blocks in the prefabricated ecological frame in both directions.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention includes prefabricated slope protection components, which include prefabricated ecological frames formed by longitudinally and transversely arranged anchor beams. The anchor beams between four adjacent prefabricated ecological frames form a cross-shaped node. A flexible energy dissipation device is provided at the cross-shaped node to absorb and eliminate the energy of controllable elastic deformation generated by the node under frost heave force, and to adaptively reset after the frost heave force disappears. The flexible energy dissipation device includes a flexible fitting component located at the center of the cross-shaped node and a snap-fit ​​positioning component fitted between the flexible fitting component and the end of each anchor beam. The flexible energy dissipation device enables the cross-shaped node connection to undergo limited and controllable elastic deformation under frost heave force, actively absorbing and dissipating the destructive frost heave energy, thereby transforming the cross-shaped node from the weakest link into a fatigue-resistant buffer link, significantly improving the fatigue life and durability of the entire slope protection structure under freeze-thaw cycles. It also includes the following beneficial effects: (1) The limit reset mechanism uses the adaptive reset capability of flexible materials to allow the nodes to basically reset the components after the frost heave force disappears (during the thaw period). It automatically restores the plastic deformation or loosening at the nodes, so that the structure can restore its initial shape and tightness after each freeze-thaw cycle, avoiding the accumulation of residual deformation, thereby maintaining the overall stability and protective function of the structure for a long time.

[0023] (2) The flexible energy dissipator includes a composite damping matrix cast in the embedded shell. The composite damping matrix is ​​made of high molecular polymer. The uniform force transmission characteristics of the flexible energy dissipator cause the internal macromolecular chains to generate severe internal friction when subjected to alternating stress (frost heave force), converting mechanical energy into heat energy and dissipating it. This makes the stress distribution more uniform and controls the effective stress concentration factor within 1.2. It relies on the high resilience of high-performance flexible materials to provide recovery force. After each freeze-thaw cycle, it can drive adjacent components to return to their initial relative positions with a deviation of less than 2 mm. It effectively suppresses the "creeping" bulging or settlement of the slope protection structure caused by frost heave. The long-term cumulative position deviation can be controlled within 2 cm, while the deviation of the same type in traditional structures may be as high as 10 cm, leading to functional loss. As a "sacrificial" deformation unit, its deformation is strictly limited within the elastic range (e.g., the shear rate of the rubber pad should be <50%), ensuring that the entire node system remains fully elastic under the action of maximum frost heave force, with a residual deformation rate of <1%, fundamentally avoiding the accumulation of plastic deformation.

[0024] (3) The limiting and resetting mechanism limits the maximum displacement of the cross-shaped node, ensuring that the deformation is always within a "limited and controllable" elastic range, preventing structural instability due to excessive displacement. The stacked rubber-metal composite pad or butterfly spring assembly will rebound and return to its original shape after unloading. This inherent elasticity ensures that after the frost heave subsides (during the thaw period), the node can automatically and basically return to its initial position, i.e., "adaptive resetting".

[0025] (4) The fitted shell is connected to the end of the anchor beam by means of a pre-tightening rod and a pre-tightening mounting hole, which restricts circumferential and axial movement and facilitates disassembly and assembly.

[0026] (5) The embedded shell is provided with a plug-in T-shaped mortise and a straight plug-in groove between the longitudinal connecting bars and the transverse connecting bars to form a cross-shaped plug-in groove. The discrete prefabricated components are connected by the plug-in structure to form a continuous protective structure that can work together and resist external loads such as soil pressure and water erosion. The load transfer path can transfer the force (including pressure, tension and shear) from one component to the adjacent component; it is used to realize the force transfer and can fix the adjacent components relatively in the installation position to prevent separation or excessive misalignment under unexpected loads (such as construction loads and daily wind loads).

[0027] (6) The cross-shaped joint features a snap-fit ​​structure, resulting in low maintenance and emergency repair costs. Single-point repair module replacement is simple and easy to operate, saving costs. Based on the dimensions of the slope protection components and the expected frost heave load, standardized modules of different specifications such as S, M, and L are designed. Each module has uniform connection interface dimensions and installation requirements.

[0028] (7) The anchoring beam includes a longitudinal anchoring beam and a transverse anchoring beam. The space enclosed by the concave and convex arc surfaces at the ends of the longitudinal and transverse anchoring beams is filled with micro-expansion mortar. The longitudinal and transverse anchoring beams are pressed against each other with the connectors; locking ensures the connection is in place. The micro-expansion mortar fills the gaps in the space enclosed by the arc-shaped ends, forming an integral structure that is tightly bonded to the concrete body of the anchoring beam, avoiding stress concentration caused by the presence of gaps. The self-stress generated by the expansion enhances the bond force between the micro-expansion mortar and the interface between the anchoring beam reinforcement and concrete, transferring the dispersed force of the anchoring beam to the enclosed filling body, and improving the anchoring system's ability to resist pull-out and shear loads. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross arrangement of the transverse anchor beam and the longitudinal anchor beam of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor beam structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the flexible energy dissipation device and the snap-fit ​​positioning component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the flexible energy dissipation device and the stacked rubber-metal composite pad of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fitted shell structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the snap-fit ​​positioning component of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the prefabricated interlocking block of the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 1-Anchoring beam, 101-Transverse anchor beam, 102-Longitudinal anchor beam, 103-One-line insertion groove, 104-Concave arc surface, 2-Snap-fit ​​positioning component, 201-Connecting tenon, 3-Flexible energy dissipation device, 301-Positioning pile, 302-Layered rubber-metal composite pad, 303-Embedded shell, 331-Pre-tightening installation hole, 332-Flexible energy dissipation body, 333-T-shaped mortise, 334-Longitudinal connecting rib, 335-Transverse connecting rib, 336-Outwardly convex arc surface, 304-Central limiting hole, 4-Pre-tightening rod, 5-Prefabricated interlocking block, 501-Interlocking block embedding groove. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0032] See appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 7 A flexible energy dissipation node connection structure for prefabricated slope protection in cold regions includes prefabricated slope protection components. Each prefabricated slope protection component includes prefabricated ecological frames formed by longitudinally and transversely arranged anchor beams. The anchor beams between four adjacent prefabricated ecological frames form a cross-shaped node. A flexible energy dissipation device 3 is provided at the cross-shaped node, which can absorb and eliminate the energy of controllable elastic deformation generated by the node under the action of frost heave force and adaptively reset after the frost heave force disappears. The flexible energy dissipation device enables the cross-shaped node connection to undergo limited and controllable elastic deformation under the action of frost heave force, actively absorbing and dissipating the destructive frost heave energy, thereby transforming the cross-shaped node from the weakest link into a fatigue-resistant buffer link.

[0033] The flexible energy dissipation device includes a flexible fitting component set at the center of the cross-shaped node and a snap-fit ​​positioning component 2 fitted between the flexible fitting component and the end of each anchor beam; The flexible interlocking component includes an interlocking shell 303, within which a pre-formed flexible energy dissipator 332 is provided. The flexible energy dissipator includes a composite damping matrix cast within the interlocking shell. The composite damping matrix is ​​made of a high molecular polymer. The composite damping matrix is ​​subjected to alternating stress generated by frost heave force, and the internal macromolecular chains generate intense internal friction, which is converted into heat energy and dissipated.

[0034] The uniform force transmission characteristics of flexible energy dissipators mean that when a flexible energy dissipator is subjected to alternating stress (frost heave force), the macromolecular chains inside the flexible energy dissipator will generate intense internal friction, converting mechanical energy into heat energy and dissipating it.

[0035] The flexible energy dissipator exhibits a more uniform stress distribution, effectively controlling the stress concentration factor to within 1.2. Furthermore, it relies on the high resilience of the high-performance flexible material to provide restoring force. After each freeze-thaw cycle, it can drive adjacent components back to their initial relative positions with a deviation of less than 2 mm.

[0036] It effectively inhibits the "creeping" bulging or settlement of the slope protection structure caused by frost heave, and the long-term cumulative positional deviation can be controlled within 2cm.

[0037] The flexible energy dissipator itself acts as a "sacrificial" deformation unit, and its deformation is strictly limited to the elastic range (e.g., the shear strain of the rubber pad is <50%), ensuring that the entire node system remains fully elastic under the action of maximum frost heave force, with a residual deformation rate of <1%, fundamentally avoiding the accumulation of plastic deformation.

[0038] A positioning pile 301 is vertically installed at the bottom of the flexible energy dissipator, and a limit and reset mechanism that works in conjunction with the flexible energy dissipator is installed at the docking point between the flexible energy dissipator and the positioning pile.

[0039] The limiting and resetting mechanism includes a central limiting hole 304 disposed between the composite damping matrix and the positioning pile, and a layered rubber-metal composite pad 302 disposed along the axial direction of the central limiting hole. The layered rubber-metal composite pad will rebound and return to its original shape after unloading. This inherent elasticity ensures that after the frost heave force subsides (during the thaw period), the node can automatically and essentially return to its initial position, i.e., "adaptive resetting".

[0040] The limiting and resetting mechanism includes a butterfly spring assembly, which may also be axially positioned within a central limiting hole between the composite damping base and the positioning pile. This butterfly spring assembly comprises several stacked butterfly springs. The stacked rubber-metal composite pad or butterfly spring assembly will rebound and return to its original shape after unloading. This inherent elasticity ensures that after the frost heave subsides (during the thaw period), the node can automatically and essentially return to its initial position, i.e., "adaptive resetting."

[0041] The limit reset mechanism restricts the maximum displacement of the cross-shaped node.

[0042] Through the adaptive reset capability of flexible materials, after the frost heave force disappears (during the thaw period), the nodes can rely on their own elastic recovery force to basically reset the components. This automatically restores any plastic deformation or loosening at the nodes, allowing the structure to recover its initial shape and tightness after each freeze-thaw cycle, avoiding the accumulation of residual deformation and thus maintaining the overall stability and protective function of the structure over the long term.

[0043] The fitted housing 303 includes longitudinal connecting ribs 334 and transverse connecting ribs 335 arranged in a cross shape along the circumference. The outer circumferential surfaces of both the longitudinal and transverse connecting ribs are convex arc surfaces 336. The end of the anchor beam is provided with a concave arc surface 104. The concave arc surface and the convex arc surface are fitted together. A pre-tightening installation hole 331 is provided between the concave arc surface and the convex arc surface, and three pre-tightening installation holes are provided vertically. A pre-tightening rod 4 is fitted into the pre-tightening installation hole.

[0044] The three pre-tightening rods are inserted one end at a time into the pre-tightening mounting holes corresponding to the convex arc surface of the fitted shell and transition fit; the other end of the pre-tightening rod is inserted into the pre-tightening mounting holes on the concave arc surface and transition fit until the convex arc surface and the concave arc surface are in clearance fit; the pre-tightening rods stably install the fitted shell with the longitudinal anchor beam and the transverse anchor beam respectively.

[0045] After the longitudinal anchor beam 102 and the transverse anchor beam 101 are stably installed, the fitting shell is assembled and combined with the longitudinal anchor beam and the transverse anchor beam respectively by means of the snap-fit ​​positioning component.

[0046] The fitted shell 303 has T-shaped mortises 333 between the longitudinal connecting ribs and the transverse connecting ribs. The four T-shaped mortises are located at the 45° angle between the two vertically arranged anchor beams. The two adjacent anchor beams are provided with anchor beam grooves symmetrically arranged along the 45° line. The two symmetrical anchor beam grooves are arranged collinearly to form a straight insertion groove 103. The T-shaped mortises 333 and the straight insertion groove 103 form a T-shaped insertion groove.

[0047] The snap-fit ​​positioning component 2 includes a connecting tenon 201 that is fitted into the T-shaped insertion groove. The connecting tenon and the T-shaped insertion groove are matched in shape and size. The connecting tenon and the T-shaped insertion groove are fitted with a gap. The gap between the connecting tenon and the T-shaped insertion groove is filled with micro-expansion mortar. The connecting tenon and the T-shaped insertion groove are adapted to each other.

[0048] Furthermore, it is designed as standardized modules of different specifications. Based on the dimensions of the slope protection components and the expected frost heave load, standardized modules of different specifications such as S, M, and L are designed. Each module has uniform connection interface dimensions and installation requirements.

[0049] During the frost heave stage, also known as the energy dissipation stage, when the foundation soil in cold regions experiences frost heave and generates lifting forces, these forces are transmitted to the connection node through the slope protection components. The node no longer provides rigid resistance but allows its internal flexible energy-dissipating core components to undergo controlled, minor compression or shear deformation. This deformation process absorbs a significant amount of frost heave energy.

[0050] The laminated rubber-metal composite pad 302 and the flexible energy dissipator 332 generate heat through internal molecular friction, while the limiting and resetting structure stores and partially dissipates energy through elastic deformation. This effectively converts harmful frost heave forces into harmless deformation energy and thermal energy, avoids stress concentration at joints, and protects the component itself.

[0051] As temperatures rise and permafrost thaws, the frost heave force decreases or disappears. This releases the elastic strain energy stored within the compressed flexible energy-dissipating core components, generating a restoring force that propels adjacent slope protection components back to their initial positions. Guided by the limiting mechanism, the nodes essentially reset, awaiting the next frost heave cycle. This ensures the long-term integrity and stability of the slope protection structure, solving the problem of structural loosening caused by accumulated plastic deformation in traditional rigid connections. Example 2

[0052] The anchoring beam 1 includes a longitudinal anchor beam 102 and a transverse anchor beam 101. The longitudinal anchor beam and the transverse anchor beam are pressed against each other with the connecting piece to ensure that the connection is in place.

[0053] Micro-expansion mortar is used to fill the space enclosed by the concave and convex arc surfaces at the ends of the longitudinal and transverse anchor beams. This micro-expansion mortar fills the gaps in the arc-shaped end spaces, forming a tightly bonded integral structure with the concrete body of the anchor beam, preventing stress concentration caused by gaps. The self-stress generated by the expansion enhances the bond strength between the micro-expansion mortar and the anchor beam reinforcement and concrete interface, transferring the dispersed stress on the anchor beam to the enclosing filler, thus improving the anchoring system's resistance to pull-out and shear loads. Example 3

[0054] See appendix Figure 8 Several prefabricated interlocking blocks 5 are laid longitudinally and transversely within the prefabricated ecological frame. Each prefabricated interlocking block has a circumferential interlocking groove 501. The dimensional deviations, strength grades, and appearance quality of the prefabricated ecological frame and prefabricated interlocking blocks are checked to ensure the inner wall of the frame is flat and undamaged, and the interlocking structure of the interlocking blocks is intact. The prefabricated ecological frame is hoisted and fixed in place according to the design elevation and slope. Laying reference lines in both longitudinal and transverse directions are marked on the inner wall of the ecological frame. The longitudinal reference line is parallel to the length of the frame, and the transverse reference line is parallel to the width of the frame. The spacing between the reference lines matches the side length of the prefabricated interlocking blocks, marking the laying position of each interlocking block. Based on the internal dimensions of the ecological frame and the specifications of the prefabricated interlocking blocks, they are laid longitudinally along the length of the frame and transversely along the width of the frame, ensuring a complete fit between the interlocking blocks. If gaps exist at the edges, custom-made irregular-shaped interlocking blocks are used to fill them, avoiding strength loss caused by cutting conventional interlocking blocks. Adjacent prefabricated interlocking blocks are sequentially interlocked through interlocking block fitting slots to fill the prefabricated ecological frame. Example 4

[0055] See appendix Figure 1 The construction method for flexible energy dissipation node connection structures used in prefabricated slope protection in cold regions includes the following steps: Step 1: Locate the positioning point of the flexible fitting component and fix the positioning stake 301 on the slope. Locate the positioning point of the flexible fitting component and fix the positioning stake on the slope. One end of the pre-tightening rod passes through the pre-tightening mounting hole 331 corresponding to the outer convex arc surface 336 of the fitting shell and transitions to fit. Step 2: Clean the concave arc-shaped surfaces 104 of adjacent and opposite anchor beams. Insert the other end of the pre-tightening rod into the pre-tightening mounting hole on the concave arc-shaped surface and transition fit. Insert the same end of the three pre-tightening rods sequentially into the corresponding pre-tightening mounting holes on the convex arc-shaped surfaces of the fitting shell and transition fit. Insert the other end of the pre-tightening rod into the pre-tightening mounting hole on the concave arc-shaped surface and transition fit until the convex arc-shaped surface and the concave arc-shaped surface are in clearance fit. The pre-tightening rods will stably install the fitting shell to the longitudinal anchor beam 102 and the transverse anchor beam 101 respectively.

[0056] Step 3: Using the method in Step 2, install another longitudinal anchor beam and the other two transverse anchor beams 101 at this node in sequence, keeping the longitudinal anchor beams 102 at each node parallel to the slope toe length direction and the transverse anchor beams perpendicular to the slope toe length direction. Step 4: The longitudinal anchor beam and the transverse anchor beam form a T-shaped insertion groove with the fitted shell respectively. The connecting tenon is inserted into the T-shaped insertion groove. The adjacent anchor beams are fitted together through the tenon and groove. The installation is carried out step by step from the foot of the slope to the top of the slope. Step 5: Fill the gap between the connecting tenon and the T-shaped mortar with micro-expansion mortar; Step 6: Fill the space enclosed by the concave arc surface and the convex arc surface at the ends of the longitudinal anchor beam 102 and the transverse anchor beam 101 with micro-expansion mortar. Step 7: Lay several prefabricated interlocking blocks 5 in the prefabricated ecological frame in both directions.

[0057] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0058] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A flexible energy dissipation node connection structure for prefabricated slope protection in cold regions, comprising prefabricated slope protection components, wherein the prefabricated slope protection components include prefabricated ecological frames formed by longitudinally and transversely arranged anchor beams, characterized in that: The anchor beams between four adjacent prefabricated ecological frames are cross-shaped nodes. A flexible energy dissipation device (3) is provided at the cross-shaped node to absorb and eliminate the energy of the controllable elastic deformation generated by the node under the action of frost heave force and to adaptively reset after the frost heave force disappears. The flexible energy dissipation device includes a flexible fitting component set at the center of the cross-shaped node and a snap-fit ​​positioning component (2) fitted between the flexible fitting component and the end of each anchor beam. The flexible fitting component includes a fitting shell (303), a pre-formed flexible energy dissipator (332) is provided inside the fitting shell, a positioning post (301) is provided vertically at the bottom of the flexible energy dissipator, and a limiting and resetting mechanism that works in conjunction with the flexible energy dissipator is provided at the docking point between the flexible energy dissipator and the positioning post.

2. The flexible energy dissipation node connection structure for prefabricated slope protection in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible energy dissipator (332) includes a composite damping matrix cast in the embedded shell. The composite damping matrix is ​​made of a high molecular polymer. The composite damping matrix is ​​subjected to alternating stress generated by frost heave force. The internal macromolecular chains generate intense internal friction, which is converted into heat energy and dissipated.

3. The flexible energy dissipation node connection structure for prefabricated slope protection in cold regions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limiting and resetting mechanism includes a central limiting hole (304) provided between the composite damping base and the positioning pile. The central limiting hole is provided with a stacked rubber-metal composite pad (302) or a butterfly spring assembly along the axial direction. The butterfly spring assembly includes a plurality of butterfly springs stacked together.

4. The flexible energy dissipation node connection structure for prefabricated slope protection in cold regions according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fitted shell (303) includes longitudinal connecting ribs (334) and transverse connecting ribs (335) arranged in a cross shape along the circumference. The outer circumferential surfaces of the longitudinal connecting ribs and the transverse connecting ribs are all convex arc surfaces (336). The end of the anchor beam is set as a concave arc surface (104). The concave arc surface and the convex arc surface are fitted together. A pre-tightening installation hole (331) is provided between the concave arc surface and the convex arc surface, which is coaxially connected. There are 3 pre-tightening installation holes along the vertical direction. A pre-tightening rod (4) is installed in the pre-tightening installation hole through transition fit.

5. The flexible energy dissipation node connection structure for prefabricated slope protection in cold regions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fitted shell (303) is provided with plug-in T-shaped mortises (333) between the longitudinal connecting ribs and the transverse connecting ribs. The four T-shaped mortises are located at the 45° angle between the two vertically arranged anchor beams. The two adjacent anchor beams are provided with anchor beam grooves symmetrically arranged along the 45° line. The two symmetrical anchor beam grooves are arranged collinearly to form a straight plug-in groove (103). The T-shaped mortises (333) and the straight plug-in groove form a T-shaped plug-in groove.

6. The flexible energy dissipation node connection structure for prefabricated slope protection in cold regions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The snap-fit ​​positioning component (2) includes a connecting tenon (201) that fits into the T-shaped insertion slot. The connecting tenon and the T-shaped insertion slot are matched in shape and size. The connecting tenon and the T-shaped insertion slot are fitted with a gap. The gap between the connecting tenon and the T-shaped insertion slot is filled with micro-expansion mortar. The connecting tenon and the T-shaped insertion slot are adapted to each other and are designed as standardized modules of different specifications.

7. The flexible energy dissipation node connection structure for prefabricated slope protection in cold regions according to claim 6, characterized in that: The anchor beam (1) includes a longitudinal anchor beam (102) and a transverse anchor beam (101). The space enclosed by the concave arc surface and the convex arc surface at the ends of the longitudinal anchor beam and the transverse anchor beam is filled with micro-expansion mortar.

8. The flexible energy dissipation node connection structure for prefabricated slope protection in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several prefabricated interlocking blocks (5) are laid longitudinally and transversely within the prefabricated ecological frame. The prefabricated interlocking blocks are provided with interlocking block fitting grooves (501) along the circumference. Adjacent prefabricated interlocking blocks are sequentially fitted together through the interlocking block fitting grooves to fill the prefabricated ecological frame.

9. A construction method for a flexible energy dissipation node connection structure for prefabricated slope protection in cold regions as described in claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Locate the positioning point of the flexible interlocking component, fix the positioning stake on the slope, and insert one end of the pre-tightening rod into the pre-tightening installation hole corresponding to the outer convex arc surface of the interlocking shell and make transition fit; Step 2: Clean the concave arc surfaces of adjacent and opposite anchor beams. Insert the other end of the pre-tightening rod into the pre-tightening mounting hole on the concave arc surface and transition fit until the convex arc surface and the concave arc surface are in clearance fit. Step 3: Using the method in Step 2, install another longitudinal anchor beam and the other two transverse anchor beams at this node in sequence, keeping the longitudinal anchor beams at each node parallel to the slope toe length direction and the transverse anchor beams perpendicular to the slope toe length direction. Step 4: The longitudinal anchor beam and the transverse anchor beam form a T-shaped insertion groove with the fitted shell respectively. The connecting tenon is inserted into the T-shaped insertion groove. The adjacent anchor beams are fitted together through the tenon and groove. The installation is carried out step by step from the foot of the slope to the top of the slope. Step 5: Fill the gap between the connecting tenon and the T-shaped mortar with micro-expansion mortar; Step Six: Fill the space enclosed by the concave and convex arc surfaces at the ends of the longitudinal and transverse anchor beams with micro-expansion mortar. Step 7: Lay several prefabricated interlocking blocks in the prefabricated ecological frame in both directions.

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