Vertical shaft tunneling drill rod tension mechanism

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical shaft tunneling drill rod tension mechanism which is characterized in that a tension drill rod is fixed in a pilot shaft, and a tension ring is formed on the tension drill rod; and the vertical shaft tunneling equipment is detachably connected with the tension ring and moves along the tension drill rod. When the tunneling equipment is lowered, aligning and leveling operations are not needed any more, and the problems of inclination, collision with the well wall, rollover and the like are completely solved; in the axial direction, two-way supporting force is provided for underground equipment, higher axial pressure can be borne during operation, and tunneling equipment can be stabilized through the two-way supporting force provided by the tension drill rod when axial load or sudden pressure fluctuation is coped with.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft tunneling equipment technology. Specifically, it relates to a shaft tunneling drill pipe tensioning mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] During shaft excavation, the excavating equipment is typically lowered into the shaft using a surface hoisting system. This system uses steel cables for connection and lifting. Because a single steel cable is highly susceptible to swaying, multiple sets of steel cables are arranged around the excavating equipment to maintain its stability. Each set is connected to a surface hoisting device. During lowering, all hoisting devices must work in coordination, dynamically leveling the equipment in real time to prevent tilting and ensure a smooth descent. This places very high demands on the hoisting system. While multiple sets of steel cables effectively improve stability, lateral swaying remains a problem. This method cannot fundamentally solve the issues of equipment snagging on the shaft wall, tilting, and tipping over. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vertical shaft tunneling drill rod tensioning mechanism, which can significantly improve the stability of the tunneling equipment, effectively avoid tilting and wall snagging problems, and have sufficient connection strength and connection stability when the tunneling equipment is connected to the tensioning drill rod.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a vertical shaft tunneling drill rod tensioning mechanism, wherein the tensioning drill rod is fixed inside the guide shaft, and a tension ring is formed on the tensioning drill rod; the vertical shaft tunneling equipment is detachably connected to the tension ring, and the vertical shaft tunneling equipment moves along the tensioning drill rod. By arranging a vertical tensioning drill rod inside the guide shaft, the stability of the tunneling equipment can be greatly improved compared to traditional steel cable suspension. The direct effect of this structural design is that when the tunneling equipment is lowered, there is no need to perform centering and leveling operations. Centering is to adjust the horizontal centering position of the tunneling equipment in the vertical shaft, and leveling is to adjust the horizontal posture of the tunneling equipment [avoiding tilting], completely overcoming problems such as tilting, collision with the shaft wall, and overturning.

[0005] The aforementioned vertical shaft drilling drill pipe tensioning mechanism has an upper end that protrudes through the guide shaft and is fixedly connected to the ground foundation, and a lower end that protrudes through the guide shaft and is fixedly connected to the roadway foundation. By fixing both ends of the tension drill pipe to the ground and the roadway respectively, and leveraging the lateral stiffness of the tension drill pipe itself, axial and radial fixation are achieved, preventing the tension drill pipe from moving in any direction. Axially, it provides bidirectional support for the downhole equipment, allowing it to withstand higher axial pressure during operation. When dealing with axial loads or sudden pressure fluctuations, the bidirectional support provided by the tension drill pipe stabilizes the drilling equipment. The drill pipe itself has lateral stiffness, and with both ends fixed, the lateral stiffness is further enhanced, completely preventing the drilling equipment from tilting, overturning, or colliding.

[0006] The aforementioned vertical shaft drilling drill pipe tensioning mechanism includes a ground foundation comprising a ground locking port at the wellhead and a sealing plate fixed to the ground locking port. The upper end of the tensioning drill pipe is fixed to the sealing plate. The ground locking port and the sealing plate are used to laterally and axially fix the upper end of the tensioning drill pipe.

[0007] The aforementioned vertical shaft drilling drill rod tensioning mechanism includes a roadway foundation comprising a bottom beam and a threaded locking cap. The bottom beam is horizontally positioned on the roof of the lower horizontal roadway. The lower end of the tensioning drill rod passes through the bottom beam and is fixedly connected to it via the threaded locking cap. The lower end of the tensioning drill rod is axially locked and fixed using the bottom beam and the threaded locking cap.

[0008] The aforementioned vertical shaft drilling drill pipe tensioning mechanism further includes an outer cylinder, spokes, and an inner ring in the roadway foundation. The outer cylinder is coaxially disposed within the guide shaft and fits against the shaft wall. The inner ring is coaxially disposed within the outer cylinder and sleeved on the tensioning drill pipe. The inner ring and the outer cylinder are fixedly connected by spokes. The outer cylinder, spokes, and inner ring ensure that the lower end of the tensioning drill pipe is coaxial with the guide shaft.

[0009] The specific construction method for fixing the tension drill rod in the pilot shaft of the aforementioned vertical shaft drilling drill rod tensioning mechanism is as follows:

[0010] Step 1: Set up the raise boring machine on the ground;

[0011] Step 2: Use a raise boring machine to lower the pull rod along the pilot shaft until it enters the lower horizontal roadway;

[0012] Step 3: Securely connect the end of the tension drill rod to the roadway foundation fixed in the lower horizontal roadway;

[0013] Step 4: Apply upward pressure using a raise boring machine to pre-tighten the drill pipe.

[0014] Using a raise boring machine to drive a pull rod and drill bit to drill directly into the ground results in high construction efficiency. Furthermore, this method creates a pilot shaft and pull rod that are completely coaxial. Combined with the tunnel foundation within the tunnel, this ensures that the lower end of the pull rod is also completely coaxial with the pilot shaft, guaranteeing the smooth lowering and operation of subsequent tunneling equipment. If either end were to deviate, the degree of tilt would gradually increase with the distance traveled, compromising the stability of the tunneling equipment. Since both the pull rod and the pilot shaft are located at the center of the vertical shaft, the radii of the tunneling equipment are equal around the pull rod, allowing for automatic balance under gravity, further enhancing stability.

[0015] The aforementioned vertical shaft drilling drill pipe tensioning mechanism comprises a tensioning drill pipe consisting of two or more sections of rod body connected sequentially, with threads at both ends of the rod body for connection; each section of rod body is provided with a tension ring and a retaining ring, with the tension ring positioned adjacent to the retaining ring.

[0016] The aforementioned vertical shaft drilling drill pipe tensioning mechanism includes a first segment and a second segment, wherein the inner diameter of the first segment is smaller than that of the second segment; the retaining ring and the tension ring are both arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the first segment. Because the first segment has a smaller inner diameter, i.e., a greater wall thickness, arranging the retaining ring and tension ring here ensures connection strength.

[0017] In the aforementioned vertical shaft drilling drill pipe tension mechanism, the groove depth *c* of the tension ring on the first segment is equal to the wall thickness *d* of the second segment, and the wall thickness *d* of the second segment is equal to the wall thickness from the bottom of the tension ring groove to the inner wall of the first segment. This application's tension drill pipe primarily bears tensile force, differing from existing drill pipe applications. After designing the tension ring near the chuck position, considering the drill pipe's own strength and the strength of its connection to the drilling equipment, the wall thickness at the groove position of the tension ring is designed to be equal to the wall thickness of the second segment. This ensures the same tensile strength for both the tension ring and the second segment, allowing all the tensile force borne by the tension ring to be transferred to the second segment. The overall tensile strength of the tension drill pipe is nearly uniform, resulting in even stress distribution when bearing tensile force. Furthermore, the shoulder of the tension ring is equal to the wall thickness *d*, allowing the second segment to provide maximum support.

[0018] The aforementioned vertical shaft drilling drill pipe tensioning mechanism includes two sets of clamps, the distance a between the two sets of clamps is equal to the distance b between the tension ring and the clamp set; the tension ring is arranged adjacent to the second segment, and the axial width e of the tension ring is equal to the distance f from the tension ring to the second segment.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:

[0020] This invention provides support for tunneling equipment by using tension drill rods, and can provide bidirectional support force, which greatly improves the stability of the tunneling equipment.

[0021] Conventional drill pipes primarily consider torque resistance, followed by tensile or compressive strength. This application's tension drill pipe primarily bears tensile force, differing from existing drill pipes in its application scenario. The wall thickness at the slotted position of the first segment's tension ring is equal to that of the second segment, resulting in identical tensile strength at both positions. The tensile force borne by the tension ring can be fully transferred to the second segment, ensuring a nearly uniform overall tensile strength and thus uniform stress distribution. Furthermore, the groove depth of the tension ring is equal to the wall thickness d, meaning the bottom wall of the groove is aligned with the inner diameter of the second segment. This maximizes the connection strength between the tension ring and the second segment and optimizes pressure transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the tension drill pipe arrangement in the pilot well according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a section of the rod of this invention;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of the tunnel foundation of this invention;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the plan structure of the tunnel foundation of this invention;

[0026] The reference numerals in the diagram are as follows: 1-Pull drill pipe; 2-Pull ring; 3-Tunnel foundation; 301-Bottom beam; 302-Threaded locking cap; 303-Outer cylinder; 304-Spoke; 305-Inner ring; 4-Rod body; 41-First section; 42-Second section; 5-Guide shaft; 6-Card assembly; 7-Raising drill rig; 8-Surface foundation; 81-Surface lock; 82-Sealing plate; 9-Lower horizontal tunnel. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The vertical shaft drilling drill pipe tensioning mechanism in this embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the tension drill rod 1 is fixed inside the guide shaft 5. The upper end of the tension drill rod 1 protrudes from the guide shaft 5 and is fixedly connected to the ground foundation 8. The lower end of the tension drill rod 1 protrudes from the guide shaft 5 and is fixedly connected to the roadway foundation 3. A tension ring 2 is formed on the tension drill rod 1. The shaft excavation equipment is detachably connected to the tension ring 2, and the shaft excavation equipment moves up and down along the axial direction of the tension drill rod 1. The shaft excavation drill rod tension mechanism in this embodiment can be applied to underground tunneling machines or hoisting platforms.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the ground foundation 8 includes a ground lock 81 set at the wellhead and a sealing plate 82 fixed on the ground lock 81. The starting well, namely the ground lock 81, is constructed on the ground using existing technology. The upper end of the pull drill rod 1 is fixed to the sealing plate 82.

[0029] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the tunnel foundation 3 includes a bottom beam 301, a threaded locking cap 302, an outer cylinder 303, spokes 304, and an inner ring 305. The bottom beam 301 is horizontally set on the top plate of the lower horizontal tunnel 9. The lower end of the tension drill rod 1 passes through the bottom beam 301 and is fixedly connected to the bottom beam 301 through the threaded locking cap 302. The tension drill rod 1 is axially fixed by the threaded locking cap 302. The outer cylinder 303 is coaxially set inside the guide shaft 5 and fits against the shaft wall. The inner ring 305 is coaxially set inside the outer cylinder 303 and is sleeved on the tension drill rod 1. The inner ring 305 and the outer cylinder 303 are fixedly connected by spokes 304, which can radially fix the tension drill rod 1 and realize the coaxiality of the tension drill rod 1 with the guide shaft.

[0030] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the pull drill pipe 1 is composed of two or more sections of rod body 4 connected sequentially. Both ends of the rod body 4 are provided with threads for connection. Each section of rod body 4 is provided with a tension ring 2 and a retaining ring group 6, with the tension ring 2 positioned adjacent to the retaining ring group 6. The rod body 4 includes a first segment 41 and a second segment 42. The inner diameter of the first segment 41 is smaller than the inner diameter of the second segment 42, and the outer diameters of the first segment 41 and the second segment 42 are the same, meaning the wall thickness of the first segment 41 is greater than the wall thickness of the second segment 42. The retaining ring group 6 and the tension ring 2 are both arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the first segment 41. In this embodiment, the pull drill pipe 1 can be modified from existing raise boring pipes by machining the tension ring 2 at the corresponding position. Due to different application scenarios, the modification can still meet the corresponding usage requirements, or it can be directly manufactured.

[0031] The groove depth c of the bearing ring 2 on the first segment 41 is equal to the wall thickness d of the second segment 42; the wall thickness d of the second segment 42 is equal to the wall thickness from the bottom of the groove of the bearing ring 2 to the inner wall of the first segment 41. If the groove depth of the bearing ring 2 is too shallow, i.e., less than the wall thickness of the second segment 42, there is a problem of insufficient connection strength of the tunneling equipment. If the groove depth of the bearing ring 2 is too deep, it will cause a decrease in the bearing capacity of the section at the bearing ring 2 position. At the same time, the bottom wall of the bearing ring 2 and the inner wall of the second segment 42 are misaligned, forming a transversely suspended part between them, which further causes a decrease in the tensile capacity. However, in this application, the wall thickness at the bearing ring 2 position is equal to the wall thickness of the second segment 42, and the bottom wall of the bearing ring 2 is aligned with the inner wall of the second segment 42. The tensile force borne by the bearing ring 2 position can be fully transferred to the second segment 42, and the overall tensile strength of the tensile drill rod is nearly uniform, so that the tensile drill rod is uniformly stressed when bearing tensile force. Figure 2 As shown, when the lower wall of the bearing ring 2 is compressed, the entire wall thickness of the second segment 42 can bear the pressure. When the lower wall of the bearing ring 2 is compressed, the tensile force can be transferred to the second segment 42 through the bearing ring 2.

[0032] The square group 6 includes two square groups, the distance a between the two square groups and the distance b between the bearing ring 2 and the square group 6 are equal; the bearing ring 2 is arranged in a position adjacent to the second segment 42, and the axial width e of the bearing ring 2 is equal to the distance f from the bearing ring 2 to the second segment 42.

[0033] In practical applications, after the tunneling equipment is connected to the tension drill rod 1, there are two working conditions: The first is the gravity generated by the equipment, that is, after the tunneling equipment is connected to the tension drill rod 1, it is on a suspended turntable, and the tension drill rod 1 bears the gravity of the tunneling equipment, such as... Figure 2 As shown, after the tunneling equipment is connected to the tension ring 2 of the tension drill rod 1, the lower wall of the tension ring 2 bears the pressure [i.e., segment f]. Segment f transmits the tension upward through the tension ring 2, at which time the upper half of the tension drill rod 1 is under tension. In another case, the tunneling equipment applies tunneling thrust to the formation. That is, after the tunneling equipment is connected to the tension ring 2 of the tension drill rod 1, one end of the tunneling equipment is in contact with the formation, and the other end is connected to the tension drill rod 1. The tunneling equipment extends axially with the tension drill rod 1 as a fixed point, applying vertical tunneling thrust to the formation. The thrust and tension drill rod 1 is fixed at one end to the roadway. The lower half of the tension drill rod 1 bears the tension. The force generated by the thrust during tunneling is much greater than the weight of the tunneling equipment. During tunneling, the upper wall of the tension ring 2 is under pressure. During the rock-breaking process, irregular vibrations are generated due to the contact between the cutting teeth and the rock. These vibrations are directly transmitted to the tension ring 2, which is connected to the tension drill rod 1. Therefore, the upper wall of the tension ring 2 must not only withstand greater pressure but also irregular vibrations, requiring high strength at this location. The 6th set of clamps is reinforced during manufacturing and is located near the upper end of the rod 4 [existing technology]. By placing the tension ring 2 below the clamp group 6, adjacent to the clamp group 6 and located at the upper end of the rod 4, the two clamps can fully withstand the strong tunneling thrust. Below the tension ring 2, there is a longer second segment 42 with a thinner wall, which has higher flexibility than the first segment 41. While ensuring axial tension, when dealing with vibration conditions, after the vibration is transmitted to the first segment, the second segment can produce a small range of coordinated deformation to adapt to the vibration, so that the rod 4 can vibrate synchronously with the tunneling equipment. This allows the tunneling equipment and the vicinity of the tension ring 2 to move synchronously, which helps to avoid relative movement and reduce wear. However, since the two ends of the rod 4 are fixed, the vibration of the rod 4 will not be completely synchronized with the tunneling equipment, thereby suppressing the vibration of the tunneling equipment. Therefore, when dealing with the combined conditions of strong thrust and vibration, the design of the rod 4 can effectively cope with and maintain stable connection performance. While ensuring the structural stability of the tension drill rod itself, it also ensures the connection strength with the tunneling equipment, and at the same time, makes the overall stress of the tension drill rod uniform and coordinated, thus optimizing its weight.

[0034] The pilot well 5 was constructed using the conventional reverse shaft method. After the pilot well 5 was constructed, the specific method for fixing the pull rod 1 to the pilot well 5 was as follows:

[0035] Step 1: Set up the raise boring machine 7 on the ground;

[0036] Step 2: Use the raise boring machine 7 to lower the pull drill pipe 1 along the pilot shaft 5 until it enters the lower horizontal roadway 9;

[0037] Step 3: Fix the end of the tension drill rod 1 to the tunnel foundation 3 fixed in the lower horizontal tunnel 9;

[0038] Step 4: Apply upward pressure using the reverse drilling rig 7 to pre-tighten the drill pipe 1.

[0039] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the claims of this patent application.

Claims

1. A shaft drilling drill pipe tensioning mechanism, characterized in that, The tension drill rod (1) is fixed inside the guide shaft (5), and a bearing ring (2) is formed on the tension drill rod (1); the shaft excavation equipment is detachably connected to the bearing ring (2), and the shaft excavation equipment moves along the tension drill rod (1).

2. The shaft boring drill pipe tensioning mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the tension drill rod (1) passes through the guide shaft (5) and is fixedly connected to the ground foundation (8), and the lower end of the tension drill rod (1) passes through the guide shaft (5) and is fixedly connected to the roadway foundation (3).

3. The shaft boring drill pipe tensioning mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ground foundation (8) includes a ground lock (81) set at the wellhead and a sealing plate (82) fixed on the ground lock (81), and the upper end of the tension drill rod (1) is fixed to the sealing plate (82).

4. The shaft boring drill pipe tensioning mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The roadway foundation (3) includes a bottom beam (301) and a threaded locking cap (302). The bottom beam (301) is horizontally arranged on the top plate of the lower horizontal roadway (9). The lower end of the tension drill rod (1) passes through the bottom beam (301) and is fixedly connected to the bottom beam (301) through the threaded locking cap (302).

5. The shaft boring drill pipe tensioning mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The tunnel foundation (3) also includes an outer cylinder (303), spokes (304) and an inner ring (305). The outer cylinder (303) is coaxially arranged inside the guide shaft (5) and fits against the shaft wall. The inner ring (305) is coaxially arranged inside the outer cylinder (303) and sleeved on the tension drill rod (1). The inner ring (305) and the outer cylinder (303) are fixedly connected by spokes (304).

6. The shaft boring drill pipe tensioning mechanism according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The specific construction method for fixing the tension drill rod (1) to the pilot well (5) is as follows: Step 1: Set up the riser on the ground (7); Step 2: Use the riser drill (7) to lower the pull drill rod (1) along the pilot shaft (5) until it enters the lower horizontal roadway (9); Step 3: Fix the end of the tension drill rod (1) to the roadway foundation (3) fixed in the lower horizontal roadway (9); Step 4: Apply upward pressure using the riser drill (7) to pre-tighten the tension drill rod (1).

7. The shaft boring drill pipe tensioning mechanism according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The tension drill rod (1) is composed of two or more rod sections (4) connected in sequence. The two ends of the rod section (4) are provided with threads for connection. Each rod section (4) is provided with a tension ring (2) and a square group (6). The tension ring (2) is located adjacent to the square group (6).

8. The shaft boring drill pipe tensioning mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that, The rod (4) includes a first segment (41) and a second segment (42), the inner diameter of the first segment (41) is smaller than the inner diameter of the second segment (42); the square group (6) and the bearing ring (2) are both arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the first segment (41).

9. The shaft boring drill pipe tensioning mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that, The groove depth c of the bearing ring (2) on the first segment (41) is equal to the wall thickness d of the second segment (42); the wall thickness d of the second segment (42) is equal to the wall thickness from the bottom of the groove of the bearing ring (2) to the inner wall of the first segment (41).

10. The shaft boring drill pipe tensioning mechanism according to claim 9, characterized in that, The card group (6) includes two card groups, the distance a between the two card groups is equal to the distance b between the bearing ring (2) and the card group (6); the bearing ring (2) is arranged in a position adjacent to the second segment (42), and the axial width e of the bearing ring (2) is equal to the distance f from the bearing ring (2) to the second segment (42).

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