Smelting device for sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet material

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet material preparation, in particular to a sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet material smelting device which comprises a smelting furnace body and is characterized in that the smelting furnace body is of a cylindrical structure with an opening in the top, and a heating cavity and a heating element are arranged in the smelting furnace body; a material distribution unit is arranged on the sealing cover and comprises a feeding pipe coaxial with the sealing cover; an inclined seat is fixedly arranged on the first rotating disc, and a second circular truncated cone cover coaxial with the first circular truncated cone cover is rotationally arranged on the inclined seat; the first circular truncated cone cover and the second circular truncated cone cover are of circular truncated cone-shaped cover body structures with the upper end face diameter larger than the lower end face diameter; a feeding hole is formed in the upper end surface of the first circular table cover. According to the device, rotation and revolution of the second circular truncated cone cover can be achieved through the driving mechanism, dual grinding, vibration anti-blocking and flow guide swing structures are combined, the particle size of raw materials is uniform, distribution is balanced, smelting sufficiency and production efficiency are improved, and the performance consistency of sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnets is optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of sintered NdFeB permanent magnet material preparation, and in particular to a melting apparatus for sintered NdFeB permanent magnet material. Background Technology

[0002] Sintered NdFeB permanent magnets, with their superior magnetic properties, have become core materials in many key fields such as computers, information technology, aerospace, communications, and transportation. The quality of their preparation directly affects the performance of downstream products. In the complete preparation process of sintered NdFeB permanent magnets, alloy melting is a crucial preliminary step that determines the effectiveness of subsequent processes such as powder preparation, forming, and sintering. The core objective of this step is to fully melt the multi-component raw materials such as NdFeB, iron, and boron through precise heating, forming a uniform and highly pure alloy melt, thus laying a solid foundation for the magnetic properties of the final product.

[0003] A search revealed Chinese Patent Publication No. CN119826535B, which discloses a melting apparatus for sintered NdFeB permanent magnet materials. The apparatus includes a melting tank, a melting component, and a feeding component. The melting component includes a heating component located inside the melting tank, with a stirring component at its bottom. The feeding component includes a pushing component located at the top of the melting tank, with a recovery component on its side. The recovery component includes a recovery section, a condensation section, and a return section. The recovery section is pipe-connected to the condensation section, and the return section is fixedly connected to the bottom of the condensation section. The stirring component further includes a piston section, a driving section, and an adjusting section. The driving section is fixedly connected to the bottom of the piston section, and the adjusting section is fixedly connected to the bottom of the driving section.

[0004] Regarding the aforementioned technologies, the inventors have discovered the following drawbacks: Existing sintering NdFeB magnet smelting equipment generally employs traditional feeding and distribution structures such as funnel-type or vibratory types. This feeding method easily leads to localized accumulation or sparse distribution of raw materials within the crucible, resulting in uneven heat conduction. This, in turn, causes incomplete melting or component segregation, leading to uneven density in the produced NdFeB magnets and low product performance consistency. Furthermore, when the precision of the raw material preparation process is relatively low, the particle size difference of the smelting raw materials is significant. Larger particle sizes melt slowly, requiring additional waiting time for them to melt, indirectly limiting overall smelting production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to make the raw materials in the melting device more uniformly distributed and reduce local incomplete melting, this application provides a melting device for sintering NdFeB permanent magnet materials.

[0006] This application provides a melting device for sintered NdFeB permanent magnet materials, employing the following technical solution: It includes a melting furnace body, characterized in that: the melting furnace body is a cylindrical structure with an open top; a heating chamber and heating elements are provided inside the melting furnace body; a cover coaxial with the melting furnace body is rotatably connected to the melting furnace body; the cover has an annular first rotating groove; a feeding unit is provided on the cover, the feeding unit including a feeding pipe coaxial with the cover, a first driving mechanism, and a first rotating disk rotatably connected to the first rotating groove; an inclined seat is fixedly provided on the first rotating disk, a first frustum cover is fixedly provided on the inclined seat, and a first rotating disk coaxial with the first frustum cover is rotatably provided on the inclined seat. Two frustum-shaped covers; both the first and second frustum-shaped covers are frustum-shaped structures with an upper end diameter larger than the lower end diameter; the upper end face of the first frustum-shaped cover has a feed inlet, the inner wall of the first frustum-shaped cover is provided with multiple grinding teeth, the first and second frustum-shaped covers form a grinding chamber, and the second frustum-shaped cover has multiple sieve holes; the lower end face of the first frustum-shaped cover is provided with a baffle plate that abuts against the cover body of the second frustum-shaped cover, and the baffle plate has a discharge port; the first driving mechanism can drive the second frustum-shaped cover to revolve around the axis of the melting furnace body, and simultaneously drive the second frustum-shaped cover to rotate around the axis of the inclined seat; the first frustum-shaped cover is provided with a flow guiding mechanism and a grinding mechanism. This application ensures a stable smelting environment through a sealed structure of a cylindrical furnace body and a coaxial cover. It achieves graded and refined raw materials by using the double-turret grinding chamber of the material feeding unit. Combined with the dual motion mode of rotation and revolution of the first drive mechanism, along with the flow guiding mechanism and grinding mechanism, the raw material particle size is made uniform and evenly distributed, reducing incomplete local melting and component segregation, and improving the consistency of sintered NdFeB magnet performance and smelting production efficiency.

[0007] Optionally, the horizontal plane of the upper end face of the inclined seat forms an inclined angle with the horizontal plane of the upper end face of the cover, and the upper end faces of the first and second truncated cone covers are parallel to the upper end face of the inclined seat; the discharge port faces the inclined side of the first truncated cone cover; the single side of the baffle plate near the discharge port retracts towards the axis of the first truncated cone cover to form a guide portion.

[0008] Optionally, the flow guiding mechanism includes a cam ring disposed on the lower end face of the second frustum cover, and a first sliding seat, a second sliding seat, and a first rotating seat fixedly disposed on the first frustum cover; the cam ring is an elliptical ring; a first sliding rod is slidably connected to the first sliding seat, and a second rotating rod is rotatably connected to the first sliding rod; a guide wheel that abuts against the side wall of the cam ring is rotatably connected to the second rotating rod; the inclined design of the inclined seat, in conjunction with the guide part, can guide raw materials that do not meet the particle size back to the grinding chamber for cyclic grinding, thereby improving the raw material refinement effect; the elliptical cam ring drives the guide wheel and the sliding rod to move in tandem, enabling the flow guiding mechanism to reciprocate and swing, which, in conjunction with the gravity transfer, allows the material to be evenly distributed into the heating chamber, reducing local accumulation and ensuring melting uniformity.

[0009] Optionally, a first compression spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the first sliding rod, one end of the first compression spring is fixedly connected to the first sliding rod, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first sliding seat; a second sliding rod is slidably connected to the second sliding seat, and the second sliding rod is fixedly connected to the first sliding rod.

[0010] Optionally, a first rotating rod is rotatably connected to the first rotating seat, and a flow guide is fixedly mounted on the first rotating rod; a first torsion spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the first rotating rod, one end of the first torsion spring is fixedly connected to the first rotating seat, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first rotating rod; the end of the second sliding rod away from the guide wheel can abut against the inner wall of the flow guide.

[0011] Optionally, the grinding mechanism includes multiple third sliding seats fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the first frustum cover. Each third sliding seat has a third sliding groove, and a third sliding block is slidably connected in each third sliding groove. A second compression spring is disposed between each third sliding block and the side wall corresponding to the third sliding groove. A rotating roller is rotatably connected to each third sliding seat. Abrasive particles are disposed on the outer wall of each rotating roller. Multiple axial cavities are disposed inside each rotating roller along the axial direction, and multiple steel bars are placed in each axial cavity. The abrasive particles on the outer wall of the rotating roller, in conjunction with the rotation of the second frustum cover, achieve high-precision replenishment grinding of the raw material. The second compression spring keeps the rotating roller in contact with the raw material to ensure the grinding effect. The steel bars in the axial cavities collide with the rotating roller as it rotates, generating vibrations that prevent sieve hole clogging and ensure uniform distribution of raw material in the grinding chamber, accelerating grinding and sieving efficiency, and improving the raw material refinement effect and smelting production efficiency.

[0012] Optionally, the first driving mechanism includes a first motor fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the inclined seat and a second motor fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the cover; the second frustum cover is coaxially fixedly mounted with a second rotating shaft, and the second rotating shaft is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor; a fixed cylinder coaxial with the second rotating shaft is fixedly mounted on the first frustum cover, and the other end of the fixed cylinder is fixedly connected to the first rotating disk.

[0013] Optionally, the output shaft of the second motor is coaxially fixedly provided with a first gear, and the upper end face of the first rotating disk is coaxially fixedly provided with a second gear ring that meshes with the first gear.

[0014] Optionally, a hinge seat is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the smelting furnace body, and the central part and outer ring of the cover are fixedly connected to the hinge seat.

[0015] Optionally, a discharge valve is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the cover, the inlet end of the discharge valve is connected to an external conveying pump, and the outlet end of the discharge valve is connected to a feeding pipe; a discharge port is opened at the lower part of the smelting furnace body, and a sealing door for blocking the discharge port is hinged on the smelting furnace body.

[0016] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This invention achieves a dual motion mode of rotation and revolution for the second frustum-shaped cover through a first driving mechanism. The revolution drives the fabric unit to fully cover the heating chamber, and in conjunction with the reciprocating oscillating motion of the flow guiding mechanism, it breaks through the limitation of local accumulation of material in traditional feeding. In the flow guiding mechanism, as the elliptical cam ring rotates with the second frustum-shaped cover, it drives the first sliding rod and the second sliding rod to slide back and forth through the guide wheel, thereby pushing the flow guiding cover to oscillate around the first rotating rod, forming a regular tapping and refraction of the material discharged from the outlet, so that the material is evenly scattered to all areas of the heating chamber.

[0017] 2. This invention utilizes a grinding chamber formed by a first and second frustum-shaped cover, combined with a dual grinding structure of initial grinding by grinding teeth and supplementary grinding by rotating rollers, along with the grading and screening function of the sieve holes, to achieve precise control of raw material particle size. When the second frustum-shaped cover rotates, it creates shear force with the grinding teeth on the inner wall of the first frustum-shaped cover, initially crushing large-diameter raw materials. Simultaneously, it drives the rotating rollers of the grinding mechanism to rotate synchronously, further refining the raw materials through compression and grinding of the diamond abrasive grains on their surface. Raw materials that do not meet the particle size requirements are retained by the sieve holes and continue to be circulated for grinding. Uniform particle size ensures a consistent melting rate of the raw materials, avoiding incomplete local melting caused by the slow melting of large-diameter raw materials, allowing multiple raw materials such as neodymium, iron, and boron to fully react and form a uniform, high-purity alloy melt.

[0018] 3. This invention utilizes a steel rod placed within the axial cavity of the rotating roller in the grinding mechanism. As the roller rotates, the steel rod freely collides, generating high-frequency vibrations. Simultaneously, when the roller contacts the raw material, it compresses a second compression spring; upon disengagement, the spring resets, driving the roller to impact the material, further enhancing the vibration. This vibration acts on the first and second frustum covers and the sieve holes, loosening any blockages in the sieve holes and ensuring uniform distribution of the raw material within the grinding chamber, thus accelerating the grinding and screening process. This mechanical vibration achieves self-prevention of blockages and efficient screening without requiring additional downtime, significantly shortening the smelting cycle. Furthermore, the arc-shaped guide section directs substandard raw material from the lower part of the grinding chamber to the upper middle part for further grinding, preventing material waste and further improving material utilization and overall production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a side view of the internal structure in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the internal structure in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is another perspective schematic diagram of the internal structure in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second frustum cover in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the first frustum cover from a bottom view in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating roller and the third sliding seat in the embodiments of this application; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the rotating roller in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Reference numerals: 1. Furnace body; 2. Hinge seat; 3. Cover; 4. First rotating groove; 5. Discharge valve; 6. Feed inlet; 7. Feed pipe; 8. Sealing door; 9. Inclined seat; 10. First rotating disc; 11. First frustum cover; 12. Second frustum cover; 13. Grinding teeth; 14. Grinding chamber; 15. Sieve hole; 16. Baffle plate; 17. Discharge port; 18. Guide section; 19. First motor; 20. Second motor; 21. Second rotating shaft; 22. First gear; 23. Second... 24. Gear ring; 25. Fixed cylinder; 26. Cam ring; 27. First sliding seat; 28. Second sliding seat; 29. ​​First rotating seat; 30. First sliding rod; 31. First compression spring; 32. Second rotating rod; 33. Guide wheel; 34. Second sliding rod; 35. Flow guide; 36. First torsion spring; 37. Third sliding seat; 38. Third sliding groove; 39. Third sliding block; 40. Second compression spring; 41. Rotating roller; 42. Axial cavity; 43. Steel rod. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-8 This application will be further described in detail below. The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] This application discloses a melting apparatus for sintering NdFeB permanent magnet materials. For example... Figure 1As shown, the furnace includes a furnace body 1, which is a cylindrical structure with an open top and a heating chamber inside. A heating element, preferably a graphite heating rod, is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the heating chamber. A hinge seat 2 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the furnace body 1. The cover 3 is a disc structure adapted to the furnace body 1, with a hinge rod fixedly connected to its middle and outer ring. The hinge rod is rotatably connected to the hinge seat 2. A high-temperature resistant asbestos sealing gasket is provided on the mating surface between the cover 3 and the furnace body 1 to ensure the sealing performance after closure. An annular first rotating groove 4, coaxial with the furnace body 1, is opened on the upper end face of the cover 3 to provide rotational support for the material feeding unit. A discharge valve 5 is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the cover 3. The inlet end of the discharge valve 5 is connected to the discharge pipe of the external conveying pump through a flange. The outlet end of the discharge valve 5 extends to the inlet 6 of the lower material distribution unit through the feeding pipe 7. The feeding pipe 7 is coaxial with the cover 3. A discharge port is opened on the lower side wall of the smelting furnace body 1. The edge of the discharge port is hinged with a sealing door 8. A high-temperature resistant asbestos sealing gasket is fixed on the inner side of the sealing door 8. When closed, it is fixed to the smelting furnace body 1 by locking bolts to prevent heat leakage during the smelting process.

[0023] Please refer to Figure*. In this invention, the inclined seat 9 is fixedly disposed on the upper end face of the first rotating disk 10. The upper end face of the inclined seat 9 is an inclined surface, and the upper end face of the inclined seat 9 forms an inclined angle with the horizontal plane of the upper end face of the cover 3. The first frustum cover 11 and the second frustum cover 12 are both frustum-shaped cover structures with an upper end face diameter larger than the lower end face diameter. The first frustum cover 11 is fixedly connected to the inclined seat 9, and its upper end face is provided with a feed port 6. The inner wall of the first frustum cover 11 is fixedly provided with a plurality of grinding teeth 13 distributed along the circumference. The second frustum cover 12 is rotatably connected to the inclined seat 9 and is coaxially arranged with the first frustum cover 11. The inner wall of the first frustum cover 11 and the outer wall of the second frustum cover 12 form a grinding chamber 14. The side wall of the second frustum cover 12 is evenly provided with a plurality of sieve holes 15. An annular baffle plate 16 is fixedly provided on the lower end face of the first frustum cover 11, and the lower end face of the baffle plate 16 abuts against the outer wall of the second frustum cover 12; the side wall of the baffle plate 16 is provided with a discharge port 17 that is inclined toward the first frustum cover 11, and an arc-shaped guide portion 18 is integrally formed on the side of the baffle plate 16 near the discharge port 17, and the guide portion 18 shrinks toward the axis of the first frustum cover 11. In this embodiment, the external feed pump delivers the material through the discharge valve 5 to the grinding chamber 14. The material that meets the particle size requirements falls into the heating chamber through the screen hole 15 or is discharged through the discharge port 17 at the bottom of the grinding chamber. The material that does not meet the particle size requirements is intercepted by the screen hole 15 and continues to be ground in the grinding chamber 14. The arc-shaped guide part 18 allows the material flowing to the bottom of the grinding chamber 14 to be guided back to the middle and upper part of the grinding chamber 14 to be ground again.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this invention, the first driving mechanism consists of a first motor 19 and a second motor 20, used to realize the rotation and revolution of the second frustum cover 12; the first motor 19 is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the inclined seat 9, and its output shaft is coaxially fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft 21 through a coupling. The lower end of the second rotating shaft 21 is fixedly connected to the center of the upper end face of the second frustum cover 12. The rotation of the second frustum cover 12 is realized by starting and stopping the first motor 19. The second motor 20 is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the cover 3 by a bracket, and its output shaft is fixedly connected to the first gear 22; the upper end face of the first rotating disk 10 is coaxially welded with an annular second gear ring 23, the second gear ring 23 meshes with the first gear 22 for transmission, and the first rotating disk 10 slides with the first rotating groove 4 of the cover 3. The second motor 20 drives the first rotating disk 10 to drive the inclined seat 9 and the second frustum cover 12 to revolve as a whole. The upper end face of the first frustum cover 11 is welded with a fixed cylinder 24 coaxial with the second rotating shaft 21. The upper end of the fixed cylinder 24 is fastened to the first rotating disk 10 to ensure that the first frustum cover 11 revolves synchronously with the first rotating disk 10.

[0025] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4In this invention, a flow guiding mechanism is installed on the lower end face of the first frustum cover 11 to achieve uniform distribution of raw materials. It includes an elliptical annular cam ring 25, which is fixedly installed on the lower end side wall of the second frustum cover 12. A first sliding seat 26, a second sliding seat 27, and a first rotating seat 28 are all welded to the lower end face of the first frustum cover 11. A horizontally penetrating sliding hole is provided in the first sliding seat 26. A first sliding rod 29 passes through the sliding hole and slides in cooperation with the first sliding seat 26. A first compression spring 30 is sleeved on the outer wall of the first sliding rod 29. One end of the first compression spring 30 is welded to an annular boss on the first sliding rod 29, and the other end is welded to the side wall of the first sliding seat 26, always providing the first sliding rod 29 with an elastic force towards the cam ring 25. One end of the first sliding rod 29 is rotatably connected to a second rotating rod 31 via a bearing, and the other end of the second rotating rod 31 is rotatably connected to a guide wheel 32. The wheel surface of the cam ring 25 is in close contact with the side wall of the cam ring 25, so that the cam ring 25 drives the first sliding rod 29 to slide back and forth when it rotates. The second sliding seat 27 has a sliding hole parallel to the first sliding seat 26. The second sliding rod 33 passes through the sliding hole and slides with the second sliding seat 27. One end of the second sliding rod 33 is welded and fixed to the first sliding rod 29, so that the two slide synchronously. The first rotating seat 28 is rotatably connected to the first rotating rod 34 through a rotating shaft. The arc-shaped guide shield 35 is welded and fixed on the first rotating rod 34. The outer wall of the first rotating rod 34 is fitted with a first torsion spring 36. One end of the first torsion spring 36 is welded to the first rotating seat 28 and the other end is welded to the first rotating rod 34. In the initial state, the guide shield 35 is kept horizontal. The end of the second sliding rod 33 away from the guide wheel 32 can abut against the inner wall of the guide shield 35. As the second frustum cover 12 rotates, it pushes the guide shield 35 to swing back and forth around the first rotating rod 34. In this embodiment, when the second frustum cover 12 drives the cam ring 25 to rotate, since the first sliding rod 29 is rotatably connected to the guide wheel 32, the guide wheel 32 is always in close contact with the cam ring 25 under the action of the first compression spring 30. As the cam ring 25 rotates continuously, the first sliding rod 29 will slide back and forth continuously, and drive the arc-shaped guide cover 35 to swing back and forth around the center of the first rotating rod 34 through the second sliding rod 33. The swinging guide cover 35 beats the material discharged from the outlet 17, so that the material is refracted and can fall into different positions in the heating chamber. In conjunction with the revolution of the second frustum cover 12, the material can be distributed more evenly.

[0026] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8In this invention, multiple grinding mechanisms are evenly distributed along the inner circumference of the first frustum cover 11 to enhance the grinding effect of raw materials. Each grinding mechanism includes a third sliding seat 37, which is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the first frustum cover 11. A third sliding groove 38 extending radially is provided inside the third sliding groove 38, and a third sliding block 39 is slidably connected in the third sliding groove 38. A second compression spring 40 is welded between the third sliding block 39 and the inner sidewall of the third sliding groove 38. The second compression spring 40 always provides a radially outward elastic force to the third sliding block 39. The third sliding block 39 is rotatably connected to a rotating roller 41 via a bearing. The outer wall of the rotating roller 41 is uniformly inlaid with diamond abrasive grains. Multiple axial cavities 42 are uniformly opened along the axial direction inside the rotating roller 41. Multiple steel rods 43 are placed in each axial cavity 42. The length of the steel rods 43 is shorter than that of the axial cavity 42, ensuring that the steel rods 43 can collide freely when the rotating roller 41 rotates, thereby generating vibration. In this embodiment, since the outer wall of the rotating roller 41 can abut against the outer wall of the second frustum cover 12, the rotating roller 41 can be driven to rotate when the second frustum cover 12 rotates, thereby allowing the abrasive particles on the surface of the rotating roller 41 to further grind the raw material. When the rotating roller 41 rotates, the multiple steel bars 43 in the axial cavity 42 of the rotating roller 41 collide with each other, and the resulting vibration is transmitted to the first frustum cover 11 and the second frustum cover 12, so that the material in the sieve hole 15 can be loosened by vibration, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing blockage. At the same time, the vibration of the first frustum cover 11 and the second frustum cover 12 can also make the material distribution in the grinding chamber 14 more uniform, thereby accelerating the grinding of the material and the efficiency of passing through the sieve hole 15. When the rotating roller 41 comes into contact with the raw material, the third sliding block 39 moves upward along the third sliding groove 38 and compresses the second compression spring 40. When the rotating roller 41 is not in contact with the raw material, the elastic restoring force of the second compression spring 40 drives the third sliding block 39 to drive the rotating roller 41 to slide downward. The impact generated when the rotating roller 41 slides downward can further promote the mutual collision of the steel bars 43 in the axial cavity 42, thereby generating vibration better.

[0027] Workflow: The cover 3 is closed with the furnace body 1, and the high-temperature resistant asbestos gasket at the mating surface ensures a seal; the sealing door 8 of the discharge port is locked and fixed to prevent heat leakage during melting, thus completing the equipment sealing preparation; the double sealing structure blocks the heat exchange between the heating chamber and the outside world, ensuring the stability of the high-temperature environment required for melting and avoiding heat loss that leads to a decrease in melting efficiency. When the external feed pump is started, the material is fed through the discharge valve 5 connected to the discharge pipe flange of the feed pump, and through the coaxial feed pipe 7 to the feed port 6 of the first frustum cover 11, and finally enters the grinding chamber 14 formed by the first frustum cover 11 and the second frustum cover 12. The feed pipe 7 and the cover 3 are coaxially designed to ensure the accurate material conveying path and direct the material to the grinding chamber 14 area, avoiding spillage of material during the conveying process and ensuring feeding efficiency. The first motor 19 and the second motor 20 of the first drive mechanism are started. The first motor 19 drives the second rotating shaft 21 to rotate through the coupling, thereby driving the second frustum cover 12 to rotate around its own axis. The second motor 20 drives the first gear 22 to mesh with the second gear ring 23 on the first rotating disk 10, so that the first rotating disk 10 slides along the first rotating groove 4 of the cover 3, and drives the inclined seat 9, the first frustum cover 11 fastened to the first rotating disk 10 through the fixed cylinder 24, and the second frustum cover 12 to revolve around the axis of the melting furnace body 1. Through the dual motion mode of rotation and revolution, the power basis is provided for subsequent material grinding and uniform material distribution. The rotation realizes the high-speed kneading of the material inside the grinding chamber 14, and the revolution, together with the flow guiding mechanism, realizes the full-area distribution of the material. In the grinding chamber 14, the grinding teeth 13 are circumferentially distributed on the inner wall of the first frustum cover 11. In conjunction with the rotation of the second frustum cover 12, the material is initially sheared and ground. Multiple grinding mechanisms work synchronously. The second compression spring 40 provides radial outward elastic force to the third sliding block 39, so that the rotating roller 41 always abuts against the outer wall of the second frustum cover 12. The second frustum cover 12 drives the rotating roller 41 to rotate, and the diamond abrasive grains on its surface perform high-precision supplementary grinding on the material. The material that meets the particle size requirements falls directly into the heating chamber through the sieve holes 15 on the side wall of the second frustum cover 12, and part of it is discharged through the discharge port 17 of the baffle plate 16. The material that does not meet the particle size requirements is intercepted by the sieve holes 15 and continues to be circulated and ground in the grinding chamber 14. When the rotating roller 41 rotates, the steel rod 43 in the inner axial cavity 42, being shorter than the axial cavity 42, collides freely, generating vibration and transmitting it to the two frustum covers. At the same time, when the rotating roller 41 comes into contact with the raw material, it compresses the second compression spring 40. When it leaves the contact, the spring resets and drives the rotating roller 41 to impact, further enhancing the vibration. The vibration generated by the collision of steel rod 43 can loosen the material blocking the screen hole 15, and at the same time make the material in the grinding chamber 14 evenly distributed, avoid local accumulation, and accelerate the grinding and screening process; the arc-shaped guide part 18 guides the material in the lower part of the grinding chamber 14 to the middle and upper part, realizes material circulation grinding, and ensures that all materials reach the preset particle size. When the second frustum cover 12 rotates, it drives the cam ring 25 to rotate synchronously. Under the elastic force of the first compression spring 30, the guide wheel 32 is always in close contact with the cam ring 25 of the elliptical ring. The rotation of the cam ring 25 drives the first sliding rod 29 to slide back and forth along the first sliding seat 26. The second sliding rod 33, which is fixed by welding, synchronously drives the arc-shaped guide cover 35 to swing back and forth around the first rotating rod 34. The swinging guide cover 35 beats and refracts the material discharged from the outlet 17. Combined with the revolution of the second frustum cover 12, the material falls evenly into different positions in the heating chamber. The cam ring 25 of the elliptical ring converts the circular motion into the reciprocating swing of the guide cover 35. The beating force generated by the swing changes the trajectory of the material. Combined with the full coverage of the revolution, it solves the problem of material accumulation caused by the single feed port 6, realizes the uniform distribution of material in the heating chamber, and lays the foundation for subsequent uniform melting. The graphite heating rod in the heating chamber is activated to melt the evenly distributed material at high temperature. After melting, the locking bolts are loosened, and the sealing door 8 of the discharge port is opened to discharge the sintered NdFeB permanent magnet material. The graphite heating rod has the characteristics of high temperature resistance and high thermal conductivity, which can quickly increase the temperature of the heating chamber and maintain stability. The even distribution of the material ensures that each area is heated evenly, avoiding local overheating or incomplete melting, and ensuring the quality of the finished product. The controllable switch design of the sealing door 8 enables safe and efficient discharge after melting.

[0028] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A melting apparatus for sintered NdFeB permanent magnet materials, comprising a melting furnace body (1), characterized in that: The furnace body (1) is a cylindrical structure with an open top. A heating chamber and a heating element are provided inside the furnace body (1). The furnace body (1) is rotatably connected to a cover (3) that is coaxial with the furnace body (1). A first rotating groove (4) is opened on the cover (3). The cover (3) is provided with a fabric unit, which includes a feeding pipe (7) coaxial with the cover (3), a first driving mechanism, and a first rotating disk (10) rotatably connected to the first rotating groove (4); an inclined seat (9) is fixedly provided on the first rotating disk (10), a first frustum cover (11) is fixedly provided on the inclined seat (9), and a second frustum cover (12) coaxial with the first frustum cover (11) is rotatably provided on the inclined seat (9); the first frustum cover (11) and the second frustum cover (12) are both frustum-shaped cover structures with an upper end diameter larger than a lower end diameter; the upper end face of the first frustum cover (11) is provided with a feeding port (6), the first frustum cover ( The inner wall of 11) is provided with multiple grinding teeth (13), and the grinding chamber (14) is formed between the first truncated cone cover (11) and the second truncated cone cover (12). Multiple sieve holes (15) are opened on the second truncated cone cover (12). A baffle plate (16) is provided on the lower end face of the first truncated cone cover (11) to abut against the cover body of the second truncated cone cover (12). A discharge port (17) is opened on the baffle plate (16). The first driving mechanism can drive the second truncated cone cover (12) to revolve around the axis of the smelting furnace body (1) and at the same time drive the second truncated cone cover (12) to rotate around the axis of the inclined seat (9). A flow guiding mechanism and a grinding mechanism are provided on the first truncated cone cover (11).

2. The smelting apparatus for sintered NdFeB permanent magnet materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal plane of the upper end face of the inclined seat forms an inclined angle with the horizontal plane of the upper end face of the cover (3). The upper end faces of the first truncated cone cover (11) and the second truncated cone cover (12) are parallel to the upper end face of the inclined seat. The discharge port (17) faces the inclined side of the first truncated cone cover (11). The baffle plate (16) close to the discharge port (17) shrinks towards the axis of the first truncated cone cover (11) to form a guide part (18).

3. The smelting apparatus for sintered NdFeB permanent magnet materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guiding mechanism includes a cam ring (25) disposed on the lower end face of the second frustum cover (12), and a first sliding seat (26), a second sliding seat (27), and a first rotating seat (28) fixedly disposed on the first frustum cover (11); the cam ring (25) is an elliptical ring; a first sliding rod (29) is slidably connected to the first sliding seat (26), and a second rotating rod (31) is rotatably connected to the first sliding rod (29); a guide wheel (32) that abuts against the side wall of the cam ring (25) is rotatably connected to the second rotating rod (31).

4. The smelting apparatus for sintered NdFeB permanent magnet materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall of the first sliding rod (29) is fitted with a first compression spring (30), one end of the first compression spring (30) is fixedly connected to the first sliding rod (29), and the other end is fixedly connected to the first sliding seat (26); the second sliding seat (27) is slidably connected with a second sliding rod (33), and the second sliding rod (33) is fixedly connected to the first sliding rod (29).

5. The smelting apparatus for sintered NdFeB permanent magnet materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first rotating rod (34) is rotatably connected to the first rotating seat (28), and a flow guide (35) is fixedly installed on the first rotating rod (34); a first torsion spring (36) is sleeved on the outer wall of the first rotating rod (34), one end of the first torsion spring (36) is fixedly connected to the first rotating seat (28), and the other end is fixedly connected to the first rotating rod (34); the end of the second sliding rod (33) away from the guide wheel (32) can abut against the inner wall of the flow guide (35).

6. The smelting apparatus for sintered NdFeB permanent magnet materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding mechanism includes a plurality of third sliding seats (37) fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the first frustum cover (11). Each third sliding seat (37) is provided with a third sliding groove (38), and a third sliding block (39) is slidably connected in each third sliding groove (38). A second compression spring (40) is provided between each third sliding block (39) and the side wall corresponding to the third sliding groove (38). A rotating roller (41) is rotatably connected to each third sliding seat (37). Abrasive grains are provided on the outer wall of each rotating roller. A plurality of axial cavities (42) are provided in the interior of each rotating roller (41) along the axial direction, and a plurality of steel rods (43) are placed in each axial cavity (42).

7. The smelting apparatus for sintered NdFeB permanent magnet materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first driving mechanism includes a first motor (19) fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the inclined seat (9) and a second motor (20) fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the cover (3); the second frustum cover (12) is coaxially fixedly mounted with a second rotating shaft (21), and the second rotating shaft (21) is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor (19); the first frustum cover is fixedly mounted with a fixed cylinder (24) coaxial with the second rotating shaft (21), and the other end of the fixed cylinder (24) is fixedly connected to the first rotating disk (10).

8. The smelting apparatus for sintered NdFeB permanent magnet materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: The output shaft of the second motor (20) is coaxially fixed with a first gear (22), and the upper end face of the first rotating disk (10) is coaxially fixed with a second gear ring (23) that meshes with the first gear (22).

9. The smelting apparatus for sintered NdFeB permanent magnet materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the smelting furnace body (1) is fixedly provided with a hinge seat (2), and the center part and outer ring of the cover (3) are fixedly connected to the hinge seat (2).

10. The smelting apparatus for sintered NdFeB permanent magnet materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the cover (3) is fixedly provided with a discharge valve (5), the inlet end of the discharge valve (5) is connected to an external conveying pump, and the outlet end of the discharge valve (5) is connected to a feeding pipe (7); the lower part of the smelting furnace body (1) is provided with a discharge port, and a sealing door (8) for sealing the discharge port is hinged on the smelting furnace body (1).

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