Test board for power system of unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a test board for a power system of an unmanned aerial vehicle, which is used for simultaneously measuring tension, torque and rotating speed of the power system. The test board comprises a base, a fixed plate, a sliding assembly, a connecting plate, a tension sensor, a torque sensor and a photoelectric sensor. The fixing plate is installed on the base, the sliding assembly is installed on the fixing plate, and a tension sensor is arranged on a support plate of the sliding assembly. The other end of the tension sensor is connected with the first mounting plate; one end of the torque sensor is connected with a second mounting plate in the sliding assembly, and the other end is fixed with the connecting plate; the connecting plate is used for installing a to-be-tested motor. The sliding assembly adopts a support plate with a fillet equilateral triangle structure, and is matched with three groups of linear bearings, sleeves, bolts and nuts to form a stable triangular sliding pair, so that the rigidity and the measurement stability are effectively improved. The device is stable in structure, can synchronously detect multiple parameters, improves the test efficiency and precision, and can adapt to multiple motors.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle power test, and particularly relates to a test bench capable of measuring the tension, torque and rotating speed of an unmanned aerial vehicle power system. BACKGROUND

[0002] An unmanned aerial vehicle relies on a power system to realize flight and attitude control, and core components thereof include rotors, motors, electronic speed controllers and batteries. When the power system is working, the motor drives the rotor to rotate at a high speed, converts electric energy into mechanical energy, generates downward airflow and obtains reaction force, so as to realize the suspension, flight and maneuvering control of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The performance of the power system directly determines the load capacity, endurance time, stability and overall flight efficiency of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the tension, torque and rotating speed are key indicators for evaluating the performance of the power system. In addition, the matching degree between the motor, the electronic speed controller and the rotor has a significant influence on the overall performance of the system, and different combinations may bring significant differences in performance.

[0003] In order to optimize the design and matching of the power system of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the above parameters need to be accurately measured through a test platform. The Chinese invention patent with the publication number CN112710419A discloses a tension and torque testing device of an unmanned aerial vehicle test bench. In this invention, the tension sensor is fixed on the test bench main beam through a tension sensor mounting plate, and the other end is connected with the propeller fixing device through a linear bearing. The linear bearing seat and the linear bearing are contact-fitted, and the linear bearing seat is fixedly installed on the test bench main beam. The torque is calculated by means of the torque beam structure and the sensor.

[0004] However, the test equipment has the following deficiencies:

[0005] The mechanical connection is complex, such as the installation of the tension sensor and the installation of the torque beam. The assembly structure is complicated, unnecessary structural deformation and potential loosening are introduced;

[0006] Non-rigid installation problem: the structure of the torque beam and the torque beam installation or connection is not an ideal rigid body. After different environmental vibrations, temperature changes or long-term use, micro-deformation or deviation may easily occur, affecting the measurement accuracy;

[0007] Torque measurement relies on indirect calculation. The torque is derived by the product of the tension and the force arm, which is not direct measurement, resulting in more error sources and poor data stability;

[0008] Low functional integration: the rotating speed measurement module is not integrated, the motor rotating speed information cannot be obtained synchronously, and the overall efficiency of the power system cannot be comprehensively evaluated.

[0009] Therefore, existing testing equipment still has significant room for improvement in terms of torque measurement accuracy, structural stability, and functional integrity. It is necessary to develop a new type of test bench capable of directly and accurately measuring torque and tension, while integrating speed detection functionality. This would improve the overall reliability and comprehensive performance of power system testing, providing more effective testing support for UAV development. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To overcome the problems of torque measurement relying on indirect calculation, complex mechanical connections, non-rigid installation, and low functional integration in the prior art, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A test bench for a UAV power system is provided, including a base, a fixed plate, a sliding assembly, a connecting plate, a tension sensor, a torque sensor, and a photoelectric sensor. The fixed plate is mounted on the base with fasteners; the sliding assembly is mounted on the fixed plate, and the tension sensor is mounted on a bracket plate in the sliding assembly; the other end of the tension sensor is connected to a first mounting plate; one end of the torque sensor is connected to a second mounting plate in the sliding assembly with fasteners, and the other end is fixed to the connecting plate with fasteners; the connecting plate is provided with bolts for mounting the motor under test.

[0011] As a further explanation of the present invention, the base is assembled from profiles and profile fasteners, and its overall structure is a triangular frame. A first crossbar is provided at the bottom of the base, which can be fixed to the ground or a tabletop. A second crossbar is mounted on the upright of the base via profile fasteners, and a first fixing plate is mounted on the second crossbar; a second fixing plate is also mounted on the upright; the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate together are used to mount the sliding assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, the sliding assembly includes a support plate, a linear bearing, a first bolt, a sleeve, a first mounting plate, and a second mounting plate. The support plate is a sheet metal part, its structure consisting of two rounded equilateral triangles connected along a base. The support plate has a first through hole, a second through hole, a third through hole, a fourth through hole, a fifth through hole, a sixth through hole, and a seventh through hole. The linear bearing is installed in the first through hole; the linear bearing is further fixed in the second through hole by bolts and nuts; the support plate is fixed to the second mounting plate by a second bolt and multiple nuts in the third through hole, and the two rounded triangles are kept parallel and limited by adjusting the spacing of the nuts, thereby enhancing the overall structural strength of the support plate; the fourth through hole is fixed to the first mounting plate by fasteners, the fifth through hole is fixed to a right-angle plate by fasteners, and the right-angle plate is fixed to the first mounting plate by fasteners, making the support plate more stable; the tension sensor is installed in the sixth through hole with fasteners, and the seventh through hole facilitates the installation and removal of the bolt in the sixth through hole.

[0013] The linear bearing has an internal sleeve, the length of which is greater than that of the linear bearing. A first bolt passes through the sleeve, the head diameter of which is greater than the inner diameter of the linear bearing. A first mounting plate is mounted on the end of the first bolt, abutting against the end of the sleeve and secured with a nut to ensure that the first bolt, the sleeve, and the first mounting plate remain perpendicular. The sleeve can move axially within the inner bore of the linear bearing, its range of movement limited by the head of the first bolt and the first mounting plate.

[0014] Furthermore, one end of the tension sensor is fixed to the bracket plate via a bolt through the sixth through hole, and the other end is fixed to the first mounting plate. A second mounting plate is also installed at the end of the first bolt, and the torque sensor is mounted on the second mounting plate. The other end of the torque sensor is fixed to the first connecting plate. To accommodate motors with different mounting diameters, a second connecting plate can be added to the first connecting plate as a transition structure. The second connecting plate has through holes, and the motor to be tested can be installed using bolts. However, it should be noted that the parameters of the motor being tested must not exceed the rated range of the tension sensor and the torque sensor.

[0015] In addition, a sliding plate is provided on the second crossbar. The sliding plate is a right-angled bent plate with an extension hole. The photoelectric sensor is mounted on the sliding plate, and the sliding plate can be adjusted in front and behind through the extension hole. The photoelectric sensor is used to identify reflective strips pasted on the rotating parts of the motor, thereby realizing non-contact measurement of the motor speed.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: the tension, torque, and speed of the power system can be directly measured by sensors; the torque of the power system is measured by sensors, eliminating the need to install a torque beam and optimizing complex mechanical connections and non-rigid installation problems; the installation of photoelectric sensors to measure the speed of the power system adds the function of measuring the speed of the power system and can be adapted to the testing of various motors. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the linear bearing and its sleeve installation.

[0020] Figure 4 Front view of the bracket plate;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a rear view of the support plate;

[0022] Figure 6This is a top view of the support plate.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Base, 2. Fixing plate, 3. Sliding assembly, 101. First crossbar, 102. Second crossbar, 103. Upright pole, 201. First fixing plate, 202. Second fixing plate, 301. Linear bearing, 302. Support plate, 303. First bolt, 304. First mounting plate, 305. Second mounting plate, 306. Sleeve, 4. Second bolt, 5. Tension sensor, 6. Torque sensor, 7. First connecting plate, 8. Second connecting plate, 901. First through hole, 902. Second through hole, 903. Third through hole, 904. Fourth through hole, 905. Fifth through hole, 906. Sixth through hole, 907. Seventh through hole, 10. Photoelectric sensor, 11. Slide plate, 12. Right angle plate, 13. Third bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] A test bench for a drone power system includes a base (1), a fixed plate (2), a sliding assembly (3), a connecting plate (including a first connecting plate 7 and a second connecting plate 8), a tension sensor (5), a torque sensor (6), and a photoelectric sensor (10). The fixed plate (2) is fixedly mounted on the base (1) by fasteners; the sliding assembly (3) is mounted on the fixed plate (2), and the tension sensor (5) is mounted on its support plate (302); the other end of the tension sensor (5) is mounted on a first mounting plate (304); one end of the torque sensor (6) is connected to the second mounting plate (305) in the sliding assembly (3) by fasteners, and the other end is fixed to the first connecting plate (7) by fasteners; the first connecting plate (7) is mounted on a second connecting plate (8), and the second connecting plate (8) has a through hole, through which the motor under test can be mounted by a third bolt (13).

[0026] The base (1) is assembled from profiles and profile connectors, forming a stable triangular frame structure. A first crossbar (101) is provided at the bottom of the base (1), which can be fixed to the ground or test bench surface by anchor bolts or other fastening methods to ensure the stability of the test bench during testing. A second crossbar (102) is installed on the upright (103) of the base (1) via profile connectors, and a first fixing plate (201) is installed on the second crossbar (102); a second fixing plate (202) is also installed on the upright (103); the first fixing plate (201) and the second fixing plate (202) are used together to install and support the sliding assembly (3).

[0027] The sliding assembly (3) is the motion and force transmission component of the test bench, mainly including a support plate (302), a linear bearing (301), a first bolt (303), a sleeve (306), a first mounting plate (304), and a second mounting plate (305). The support plate (302) is a sheet metal bending part, and its main structure is formed by two identical rounded equilateral triangles connected along a base edge to form a stable double-triangle structure. The support plate (302) is provided with a first through hole (901), a second through hole (902), a third through hole (903), a fourth through hole (904), a fifth through hole (905), a sixth through hole (906), and a seventh through hole (907).

[0028] The linear bearing (301) is press-fitted or fixedly installed in the first through hole (901). To minimize obstruction of the rotor airflow, the outer diameter of the linear bearing (301) is the same as the diameter of the fillet of the support plate (302) and is installed concentrically with the first through hole (901). The linear bearing (301) is tightly installed in the first through holes (901) corresponding to the two triangular plates of the support plate (302). This not only achieves axial positioning of the linear bearing (301) but also significantly enhances the overall rigidity and stability of the sliding assembly (3). The second through hole (902) is used to pass through a bolt and engage with a nut to lock the linear bearing (301) and prevent it from rotating or loosening. The third through hole (903) securely fixes the bracket plate (302) to the first fixing plate (201) of the base with the second bolt (4) and multiple nuts. The use of nuts to limit the position ensures that the two triangular plates in the bracket plate (302) always remain parallel, further enhancing its structural strength and resistance to deformation.

[0029] The linear bearing (301) is internally fitted with a sleeve (306), the length of which is slightly greater than the length of the linear bearing (301), allowing both ends to protrude slightly. The first bolt (303) passes through the sleeve (306), the diameter of the head of which is larger than the inner diameter of the linear bearing (301), thus providing a mechanical limit for axial movement. A first mounting plate (304), a nut, and a second mounting plate (305) are sequentially mounted on the end of the first bolt (303). The first mounting plate (304) abuts against the end of the sleeve (306) and is locked in place by the nut. This structure ensures that the axes of the first bolt (303) and the sleeve (306) remain perpendicular to the first mounting plate (304). The sleeve (306) can slide freely along the axial direction in the inner hole of the linear bearing (301), and its sliding stroke is limited by the head of the first bolt (303) and the first mounting plate (304) locked on the first bolt (303). This test bench uses three identical sets of linear bearings (301), sleeves (306) and first bolts (303) in an equilateral triangle layout mounted on the support plate (302). This symmetrical three-point support structure greatly improves the torsional rigidity and motion consistency of the entire sliding assembly (3). The support plate (302) is also equipped with a right-angle plate (12), which is fixed to the first fixing plate (201) by fasteners.

[0030] When the motor under test is running, the tension it generates is transmitted to the first mounting plate (304) through the connecting structure, and then acts on the tension sensor (5). The torque generated by the motor is mainly transmitted to the torque sensor (6) through the second mounting plate (305). Theoretically, the counter-torque generated by the motor should be borne by the tension sensor (5) and the support plate (302) together, but in actual operation, inevitably a part of the torque component will act on the kinematic pair of the sliding component (3). Since the sleeve (306) and the linear bearing (301) have rolling friction, the friction is extremely small, and the three-point support structure can evenly distribute the pressure and torque components on each kinematic pair, thereby ensuring that the tension sensor (5) can accurately measure the axial tension and is almost unaffected by torque interference. Meanwhile, the stable triangular structure formed by the first mounting plate (304), the second mounting plate (305), the first bolt (303), the sleeve (306) and multiple nuts ensures that the three sleeves (306) and the three linear bearings (301) have excellent contact synchronization and load uniformity, which not only improves the smoothness of sliding, but also evenly distributes the load, thereby improving the safety and service life of the installation.

[0031] One end of the torque sensor (6) is fixed to the second mounting plate (305), and the other end is connected to the first connecting plate (7). To accommodate motors of different installation sizes, a second connecting plate (8) can be added to the first connecting plate (7) as an adapter bracket. The second connecting plate (8) can have multiple sets of mounting holes or strip holes to accommodate motors of different sizes. It is important to note that the maximum tension and torque parameters of the selected motor must not exceed the rated range of the tension sensor (5) and the torque sensor (6) to prevent damage to the sensors.

[0032] In addition, an adjustable slide plate (11) is provided on the second crossbar (102). The slide plate (11) is a right-angle bent plate with an extension hole on its horizontal plate. The photoelectric sensor (10) is bolted to the extension hole of the slide plate (11), and the front and rear positions of the photoelectric sensor (10) can be easily adjusted by loosening the bolt. The transmitting / receiving end of the photoelectric sensor (10) is aligned with the outer rotor of the motor to identify the reflective marking strip pasted on the outer rotor of the motor, and to achieve non-contact accurate measurement of the motor speed by detecting the frequency of the reflective pulse.

[0033] The torque sensor (6) has a rotational angle deformation of less than 0.02 degrees when measuring torque, and the tension sensor (5) has a tensile deformation of less than 0.02 millimeters when measuring tensile force. Both the torque sensor (6) and the tension sensor (5) are cylindrical, and threaded holes are provided on both the upper and lower bottom surfaces.

Claims

1. A test bench for a UAV power system, characterized in that, The device includes a base, a fixed plate, a sliding assembly, a connecting plate, a tension sensor, a torque sensor, and a photoelectric sensor. The fixed plate is mounted on the base using fasteners. The sliding assembly is mounted on the fixed plate, and the tension sensor is mounted on a bracket plate within the sliding assembly. The other end of the tension sensor is connected to a first mounting plate. One end of the torque sensor is connected to a second mounting plate within the sliding assembly using fasteners, and the other end is fixed to the connecting plate using fasteners. Bolts are provided on the connecting plate.

2. The UAV power system test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base is assembled from profiles and profile fasteners, and its overall structure is a triangular frame. The bottom of the base is provided with a first horizontal bar that can be fixed to the ground or tabletop. The upright of the base is connected to a second horizontal bar via profile fasteners, and a first fixing plate is installed on the second horizontal bar. A second fixing plate is also installed on the upright. The first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are used together to install the sliding assembly.

3. The UAV power system test bench according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sliding assembly includes a support plate, a linear bearing, a first bolt, a sleeve, a first mounting plate, and a second mounting plate. The support plate is a sheet metal part, and its structure consists of two rounded equilateral triangles connected along a base. The support plate has a first through hole, a second through hole, a third through hole, a fourth through hole, a fifth through hole, a sixth through hole, and a seventh through hole. The linear bearing is installed in the first through hole. The linear bearing is further secured in the second through hole by bolts and nuts. The support plate is fixed to the second mounting plate by the second bolt and multiple nuts in the third through hole, and the two rounded triangles are kept parallel and limited by adjusting the distance between the nuts. The fourth through hole is fixed to the first mounting plate by fasteners. The fifth through hole is fixed to a right-angle plate by fasteners, and the right-angle plate is fixed to the first mounting plate by fasteners. A tension sensor is installed in the sixth through hole in conjunction with fasteners. The seventh through hole is used to facilitate the installation and removal of the bolt in the sixth through hole.

4. The UAV power system test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that, The linear bearing has a sleeve inside, the length of which is greater than that of the linear bearing; the first bolt passes through the sleeve, the head diameter of which is greater than the inner diameter of the linear bearing; a first mounting plate is installed at the end of the first bolt, the first mounting plate abuts against the end of the sleeve and is locked in place by a nut; the sleeve can move axially within the inner hole of the linear bearing, the range of which is limited by the head of the first bolt and the first mounting plate.

5. The UAV power system test bench according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, One end of the tension sensor is fixed to the bracket plate via a bolt through the sixth through hole, and the other end is fixed to the first mounting plate; a second mounting plate is also installed at the end of the first bolt, and the torque sensor is disposed on the second mounting plate; the other end of the torque sensor is fixed to the first connecting plate.

6. The UAV power system test bench according to claim 5, characterized in that, A second connecting plate can be added to the first connecting plate as a transition structure, and the second connecting plate is provided with through holes.

7. The UAV power system test bench according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second crossbar is also equipped with a sliding plate, which is a right-angle bent plate with an extension hole; the photoelectric sensor is installed on the sliding plate, and the sliding plate can be adjusted in front and behind through the extension hole.

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