Offshore wind power system planning method for coping with typhoon scene and related equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power systems, in particular to an offshore wind power system planning method for coping with a typhoon scene and related equipment. The method comprises the following steps: taking the minimum total cost of an expanded offshore wind power system in a normal scene as a target, and constructing a first-stage planning model according to a first preset operation constraint condition; taking the minimum multi-type load comprehensive loss amount of the offshore wind power system in the typhoon scene as a target, constructing a second target function of the offshore wind power system, and constructing a second-stage planning model of the offshore wind power system according to a second preset constraint condition and a frequency safety constraint condition in the typhoon scene; constructing a two-stage planning model according to the first-stage planning model and the second-stage planning model; and solving the two-stage planning model to obtain a planning scheme for the offshore wind power system to cope with the typhoon scene. According to the method, the problem of insufficient safety supply protection capability in a typhoon scene in an offshore wind power system planning process is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power system technology, and in particular to a planning method and related equipment for offshore wind power systems in response to typhoon scenarios. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, offshore wind power has gradually developed into an important component of renewable energy, attracting widespread attention due to its abundant wind resources, high availability hours, lack of land occupation, and suitability for large-scale development. When offshore wind farms are far from shore, grid connection via flexible DC transmission offers significant advantages. However, in typhoon scenarios, offshore wind power is most directly and severely affected by typhoons.

[0003] However, among the related technologies, the planning schemes for offshore wind power systems with diverse and flexible resources in typhoon scenarios are insufficient in terms of supply guarantee capabilities under the impact of typhoons, and cannot balance safety and economy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a method and related equipment for planning offshore wind power systems in response to typhoon scenarios. By utilizing the steady-state resilience requirements and transient frequency safety requirements after failures caused by typhoon scenarios, it solves the problem of insufficient safety supply capacity in response to typhoon scenarios during the planning process of offshore wind power systems.

[0005] According to one aspect of this application, a method for planning offshore wind power systems to cope with typhoon scenarios is provided, including: The first objective function is determined with the goal of minimizing the total cost of the expanded offshore wind power system under normal scenarios. Based on the first preset operating constraints and the first objective function, a first-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system is constructed. A second objective function for the offshore wind power system is constructed with the goal of minimizing the comprehensive loss of multiple types of loads under typhoon scenarios. Based on the second preset constraints, frequency safety constraints, and the second objective function under the typhoon scenario, a second-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system is constructed. Based on the first-stage planning model and the second-stage planning model, a two-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system is constructed. Solving the two-stage planning model yields the planning scheme for the offshore wind power system to cope with typhoon scenarios.

[0006] According to another aspect of this application, an offshore wind power system planning device for typhoon scenarios is provided, comprising: A construction module is used to determine a first objective function with the goal of minimizing the total cost of the expanded offshore wind power system under normal scenarios; and to construct a first-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system based on first preset operating constraints and the first objective function; and to construct a second objective function for the offshore wind power system with the goal of minimizing the comprehensive loss of multiple types of loads under typhoon scenarios; and to construct a second-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system based on second preset constraints, frequency safety constraints, and the second objective function under typhoon scenarios; and to construct a two-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system based on the first-stage planning model and the second-stage planning model. The planning module is used to solve the two-stage planning model to obtain the planning scheme for the offshore wind power system to cope with typhoon scenarios.

[0007] According to another aspect of this application, a readable storage medium is provided on which a program or instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above-described offshore wind power system planning method for responding to typhoon scenarios.

[0008] According to another aspect of this application, a computer device is provided, including a storage medium, a processor, and a computer program stored on the storage medium and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the above-described method for planning offshore wind power systems in response to typhoon scenarios.

[0009] Using the above technical solutions, this application provides a planning method and related equipment for offshore wind power systems to cope with typhoon scenarios. In order to enable the planning scheme of offshore wind power systems to cope with typhoon scenarios, a two-stage planning model of source-grid coordination is constructed. On the basis of ensuring investment economy in the first stage, the second stage is based on frequency security constraints of dynamic simulation and elastic indicators that consider the importance of loads. This enables the final planning scheme to not only meet the economic optimization under normal scenarios, but also ensure excellent anti-disturbance capability and power supply recovery capability under extreme typhoon scenarios, thus achieving efficient coordination between static investment economy and extreme operational safety.

[0010] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the offshore wind power system planning method for typhoon scenarios provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for planning offshore wind power systems in response to typhoon scenarios, provided in another embodiment of this application, is shown. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a system frequency response model provided in another embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an existing power supply and wiring configuration provided in another embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 5 A structural block diagram of an offshore wind power system planning device for typhoon scenarios provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other.

[0013] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0014] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in this application means the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we say an element is “connected” or “attached” to another element, it can be directly connected or attached to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. Furthermore, “connected” or “attached” as used herein can include wireless connections or wireless interconnections. The term “and / or” as used herein includes all or any unit and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0015] Exemplary embodiments according to this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application is thorough and complete, and that the concept of these exemplary embodiments is fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0016] This application provides a method for planning offshore wind power systems to cope with typhoon scenarios, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: Step 101: Determine the first objective function with the goal of minimizing the total cost of the expanded offshore wind power system under normal circumstances.

[0017] In this step, the existing offshore wind power system is expanded by adding new power sources and constructing new transmission lines to meet the load growth demands of the offshore wind power system under normal circumstances. Therefore, a first objective function is constructed to address the total cost of construction and operation of the expanded offshore wind power system. Here, "normal scenario" refers to the regular and predictable operating state of the offshore wind power system when it is not subjected to extreme natural disasters or severe failures.

[0018] Step 102: Based on the first preset operating constraints and the first objective function, construct the first-stage planning model of the offshore wind power system.

[0019] In this step, based on the premise that the first objective function ensures the optimal economic efficiency of the expanded offshore wind power system, a first set of preset operational constraints is set for the first objective function. The first preset operational constraints include three aspects: grid structure constraints, generator operation constraints, and energy storage system constraints. This forms the first-stage planning model to ensure that the expanded offshore wind power system is also physically feasible, safe, and stable.

[0020] Step 103: With the goal of minimizing the comprehensive loss of multiple types of loads in the offshore wind power system under typhoon scenarios, construct the second objective function of the offshore wind power system.

[0021] In this step, the overall load loss of the offshore wind power system is used to reflect the degree of performance degradation of the offshore wind power system during typhoon disasters. Based on this, the importance of the loads is further distinguished, and the loads are divided into different types. Thus, the comprehensive load loss of the offshore wind power system under steady-state conditions after a typhoon-induced failure is used as a resilience assessment indicator.

[0022] Step 104: Based on the second preset constraints, frequency safety constraints, and second objective function under the typhoon scenario, construct the second-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system.

[0023] In this step, the second set of pre-defined constraints includes node power balance constraints (including active and reactive power), line capacity constraints, generator output constraints, ramping constraints, pumped storage charging and discharging constraints, new energy storage charging and discharging constraints, SOC constraints, and AC power flow constraints. It should be noted that the second set of pre-defined constraints under a typhoon scenario are used to constrain the second objective function. Specifically, based on the typhoon wind speed at the location of the offshore wind turbines and transmission lines, it is determined whether the offshore wind turbines need to be shut down, and the cumulative failure rate of the transmission lines under typhoon disasters is calculated to determine whether the transmission lines are in a faulty state, thus simulating the physical damage of typhoons to the offshore wind power system. Then, the second set of pre-defined constraints are applied under the premise of the corresponding equipment status in the damaged offshore wind power system. Thus, under the extreme conditions of continuous structural damage to the offshore wind power system and continuous reduction in power generation resources, the output of remaining resources is adjusted as much as possible to minimize load loss. This allows for an accurate assessment of the true resilience of the offshore wind power system under typhoon disasters during the planning stage.

[0024] Furthermore, at each time segment during the typhoon's duration, a system frequency response model is constructed in MATLAB Simulink software based on the total equivalent inertia constant and load damping of the offshore wind power system. Using MATLAB Simulink's time-domain simulation capabilities, the frequency change curves of the offshore wind power system under transient conditions after a typhoon-induced failure can be directly obtained. Based on these frequency change curves, the minimum frequency and maximum frequency reduction rate of the offshore wind power system are obtained. Frequency safety constraints are then constructed based on these minimum and maximum frequency reduction rates to ensure the frequency safety of the offshore wind power system under typhoon disasters as much as possible. Finally, based on the second preset constraint, the frequency safety constraint, and the second objective function under the typhoon scenario, a second-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system is constructed.

[0025] Step 105: Based on the first-stage planning model and the second-stage planning model, construct a two-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system.

[0026] Step 106: Solve the two-stage planning model to obtain the planning scheme for offshore wind power systems to cope with typhoon scenarios.

[0027] In this step, the first-stage planning model aims to minimize the total cost of the expanded offshore wind power system under normal scenarios. It determines which power sources and transmission lines to add, and by how much capacity, i.e., the capacity of each type of power source and the location of the transmission lines. This outputs candidate expansion schemes for the offshore wind power system. The second-stage planning model, after expanding the offshore wind power system according to the candidate schemes, aims for optimal resilience under typhoon scenarios, while simultaneously verifying the second preset constraint and frequency safety constraints. Therefore, by solving the two-stage planning model, an economical and safe planning scheme can be determined.

[0028] In order to enable the planning scheme of offshore wind power system to cope with typhoon scenarios, this embodiment constructs a two-stage planning model of source-grid coordination. In the first stage, while ensuring the economic efficiency of investment, the second stage is based on frequency security constraints of dynamic simulation and elastic indicators that take into account the importance of load. This makes the final planning scheme not only meet the economic optimization under normal scenarios, but also ensure excellent anti-disturbance capability and power supply recovery capability under extreme typhoon scenarios, thus achieving efficient coordination between static investment economy and extreme operation safety.

[0029] Another embodiment of this application provides a method for planning offshore wind power systems to cope with typhoon scenarios, such as Figure 2 As shown, the method includes: Step 201: Determine the first objective function with the goal of minimizing the total cost of the expanded offshore wind power system under normal scenarios.

[0030] It should be noted that the offshore wind power system in this embodiment includes conventional power sources, new energy sources, and energy storage equipment. The conventional power source generator sets include at least one of the following: thermal power units, nuclear power units, and hydropower units. The new energy source generator sets include at least one of the following: wind turbine units and photovoltaic units. Wind turbine units include offshore wind turbine units and onshore wind turbine units. Energy storage equipment includes at least one of the following: novel energy storage equipment such as batteries and pumped-storage hydroelectric equipment. The offshore wind farm formed by the offshore wind turbine units is connected to a flexible DC transmission system, thereby forming an offshore wind power flexible DC transmission system. The flexible DC transmission system is a DC transmission technology that uses a voltage source converter as its core and employs pulse width modulation technology to achieve independent regulation of active and reactive power.

[0031] In this step, the existing offshore wind power system is expanded by adding new power sources and constructing new transmission lines to meet the load growth demands of the offshore wind power system under normal circumstances. Therefore, a first objective function is constructed for the expanded offshore wind power system. Here, the normal scenario refers to the conventional and predictable operating state of the offshore wind power system when it is not subjected to extreme natural disasters or severe faults.

[0032] Specifically, based on the expansion needs of offshore wind power systems, a set of offshore wind power systems to be expanded is pre-defined. This set includes at least one of the following: generator units to be expanded, energy storage equipment to be expanded, and transmission lines to be expanded. Specifically, the generator units to be expanded include at least one of the following: thermal power units, nuclear power units, hydropower units, wind power units, and photovoltaic units. Next, investment decision variables are set to determine which generator units, energy storage equipment, and transmission lines to add from the set of units to be expanded. Based on the new generator units, new energy storage equipment, and new transmission lines determined by the investment decision variables, and the existing offshore wind power system, the expanded offshore wind power system is formed. Then, the construction costs of the new generator units, new energy storage equipment, and new transmission lines in the expanded offshore wind power system are added together with the existing system to calculate the total cost. Therefore, a first objective function is constructed with the goal of minimizing the total cost of the expanded offshore wind power system.

[0033] For example, the first objective function is expressed as: , in, This represents the total cost of the expanded offshore wind power system under normal circumstances. The construction cost of the new generator units added to the expanded offshore wind power system. The construction cost of adding energy storage equipment to the expanded offshore wind power system. The construction cost of the new transmission lines added to the expanded offshore wind power system. This refers to the operating cost of the generator units in the expanded offshore wind power system.

[0034] Furthermore, ; ; ; .

[0035] in, , , , , , , These are the decision variables for whether to construct or not to construct the following types of units in the offshore wind power system: thermal power units, nuclear power units, hydropower units, wind power units, photovoltaic units, energy storage equipment, and transmission lines. The values ​​are 0 or 1, where 1 indicates construction and 0 indicates no construction. , , , , , These are the unit capacity power investment costs for thermal power units, nuclear power units, hydropower units, wind power units, photovoltaic units, and energy storage equipment, respectively. The cost per unit of transmission line investment; , , , , , , These are the discount rates for thermal power units, nuclear power units, hydropower units, wind power units, photovoltaic units, energy storage equipment, and transmission lines, respectively. , , , , , , These are the service life of thermal power units, nuclear power units, hydropower units, wind power units, photovoltaic units, energy storage equipment, and transmission lines, respectively. express i For any generator unit in the expanded offshore wind power system, For generator sets i The unit operation and maintenance cost, i.e., generator set i The operating and maintenance cost required to generate one kilowatt-hour of electricity is expressed in yuan per MWh (megawatt-hour). For generator sets i exist t Efforts are made at all times.

[0036] here, , , middle It is the capital recovery coefficient. The initial total investment is multiplied by the capital recovery factor to obtain the amount that needs to be amortized for each operating cycle in order to cover this investment. Thus, the capital recovery factor is used to convert the one-time investment cost into an equivalent annual cost, so that the investment cost of multiple operating cycles can be directly added to the operating cost of each operating cycle, achieving an economic comparison on a unified time scale. Calculate the total operating cost of all generator units in the expanded offshore wind power system for all periods of its operational cycle. Consider different investment options (i.e., which...). x 1) This will directly change the operating mode of the offshore system (i.e., each generator unit). This affects the overall operating costs.

[0037] In practical applications, the operating cycle can be one year.

[0038] Step 202: Based on the first preset operating constraints and the first objective function, construct the first-stage planning model of the offshore wind power system.

[0039] In this step, based on the premise that the first objective function ensures the optimal economic efficiency of the expanded offshore wind power system, a first preset operating constraint condition is set for the first objective function, thereby forming the first-stage planning model to ensure that the expanded offshore wind power system is also physically feasible, safe and stable.

[0040] Specifically, the first set of pre-set operational constraints includes three aspects: grid structure constraints, generator operation constraints, and energy storage system constraints. Specifically, grid structure constraints include bus node power balance constraints, DC power flow constraints, and line capacity constraints to ensure power delivery to the expanded offshore wind power system. Generator operation constraints include generator output constraints, ramping constraints, total reserve constraints, total energy constraints, and spinning reserve constraints to ensure stable power generation of the expanded offshore wind power system. Energy storage system constraints include pumped storage charging and discharging constraints, new energy storage charging and discharging constraints, and state of charge (SOC) constraints to ensure scientific charging and discharging of the expanded offshore wind power system.

[0041] Among these constraints, bus node power balance constraint means that at any given time, the total power flowing into a bus node must equal the total power flowing out of that bus node. DC power flow constraint is a simplified calculation method for AC power flow; it assumes lossless lines and approximates the active power on transmission lines using the phase angle difference of bus node voltages. Line capacity constraint means that the power flowing through any transmission line cannot exceed the line's maximum safe transmission capacity. Generator output constraint means that the output of each generator unit must be between its technically permissible minimum and maximum output. Ramp constraint means that the rate at which a generator unit increases or decreases its output between two adjacent time periods is limited. Total reserve constraint refers to the total reserve capacity that the power system must maintain. Total power constraint refers to the limitation that the total power generation of a power generation resource over a certain period may be restricted by natural resources (or policy contracts). Spinning reserve constraint means that at any given time, the generators operating in the power system must reserve a portion of their output capacity for rapid increases. Pumped storage charging and discharging constraints and new energy storage charging and discharging constraints mean that the charging and discharging power of new energy storage such as pumped storage and batteries cannot exceed their rated power; they generally cannot charge and discharge simultaneously. State of charge constraint means that the remaining power of energy storage devices must always be maintained between upper and lower limits and must be restored to its initial state at the end of each dispatch cycle.

[0042] It should be noted that the first preset operating constraints can be specifically set according to its setting principle and the power usage requirements in the actual application scenario, as long as they can ensure that the expanded offshore wind power system is physically feasible and safe and reliable in operation. This embodiment does not impose specific restrictions here.

[0043] Understandably, the existing offshore wind power system's load, power supply, grid data, and various constraint parameter values ​​serve as known parameters in the first-stage planning model. The first-stage planning model selects from the set of expansion projects, using investment decision variables to determine which generator units, energy storage devices, and transmission lines to add to expand the existing offshore wind power system. While ensuring the expanded offshore wind power system meets the first preset operational constraints, the model aims to minimize the total cost of the expanded offshore wind power system, thereby achieving not only economic optimization but also physical feasibility, safety, and stability under normal scenarios.

[0044] Step 203: Determine the comprehensive load loss of the offshore wind power system under steady-state conditions after a typhoon causes a failure in the offshore wind power system.

[0045] It should be noted that offshore wind power systems are very prone to failure during typhoons. When a typhoon causes a failure in an offshore wind power system, the offshore wind farm loses power, the transmission function of the offshore wind power system is weakened, and under steady-state conditions, it may lead to load shedding.

[0046] In this step, the overall load loss of the offshore wind power system is used to reflect the degree of performance degradation of the offshore wind power system during typhoon disasters. Based on this, the importance of the loads is further distinguished, and the loads are divided into different types. Thus, the comprehensive load loss of the offshore wind power system under steady-state conditions after a typhoon-induced failure is used as a resilience assessment indicator.

[0047] Furthermore, as a refinement and extension of the specific implementation of the above embodiments, in order to fully illustrate the specific implementation process of this embodiment, step 203, namely, determining the comprehensive load loss of the offshore wind power system under steady-state conditions after a typhoon-induced failure, specifically includes: determining the number of offshore wind turbines shut down due to the typhoon in the offshore wind power system based on the typhoon wind speed at the location of the offshore wind turbines in the offshore wind power system under the typhoon scenario; determining the number of offshore wind turbines shut down due to the typhoon in the offshore wind power system based on the typhoon wind speed at the location of the transmission towers and transmission line sections within the transmission lines in the offshore wind power system under the typhoon scenario. The failure probability of power lines is determined; based on the failure probability, the faulty transmission lines caused by typhoon scenarios in the offshore wind power system are identified; based on the shutdown of offshore wind turbines and faulty transmission lines, power flow calculations are performed on the offshore wind power system under typhoon scenarios to obtain the different types of load losses of the bus nodes in the offshore wind power system under steady-state conditions after a typhoon-induced failure; based on the load loss, the total time the typhoon affects the offshore wind power system, and the number of bus nodes in the offshore wind power system, the comprehensive load loss of the offshore wind power system under steady-state conditions after a typhoon-induced failure is determined.

[0048] In this step, to calculate the impact of typhoons on offshore wind power systems, the mature Batts wind field model is used to simulate the typhoon evolution process. The Batts wind field model is simple, widely used, and highly accurate in describing typhoons; therefore, this step uses this model to model the typhoon wind speed.

[0049] For example, the Batts wind field model is represented as: , , .

[0050] in, For a moment t The pressure difference at the center of the typhoon; This represents the initial pressure difference at the center of the typhoon. It is the angle between the direction of wind movement and the coastline. and They are time points t The maximum ground-to-ground wind speed and the maximum wind speed of a typhoon. For a moment t The speed at which the typhoon moves.

[0051] Furthermore, based on the location of different electrical components in the offshore wind power system within the typhoon's wind circle, the typhoon wind speed at the location of each electrical component can be calculated. Electrical components are various electrical devices, apparatuses, and lines that constitute the offshore wind power system.

[0052] For example, the typhoon wind speed at the location of different power components in an offshore wind power system is determined according to the following formula: , in, For power components in offshore wind power systems comp Typhoon wind speed at the location; For a moment t Typhoon center and power components comp The distance between them; Let be the radius of the typhoon's maximum wind speed at time t.

[0053] here, It can be calculated using the following formula: , , , .

[0054] in, For power components in offshore wind power systems comp The coordinates of the location The coordinates of the typhoon center These are the initial coordinates of the typhoon.

[0055] Furthermore, after obtaining the typhoon wind speed at the location of different power components in the offshore wind power system under a typhoon scenario, the faults caused by the typhoon scenario to the offshore wind power system are determined based on the typhoon wind speed. Specifically, typhoons pose the most direct threat to offshore wind farms. Although offshore wind turbines have wind-resistant designs, they cannot withstand super typhoons, which can directly cause blade breakage and tower collapse. Therefore, this step calculates the typhoon wind speed at the location of the offshore wind turbine based on the typhoon forecast and the formulas involved in the Batts wind field model mentioned above. When the typhoon wind speed at the location of the offshore wind turbine exceeds a first preset threshold, it is determined that the offshore wind turbine needs to be shut down. The offshore wind turbine is shut down in advance, and the blades are adjusted to a feathering state so that the rotor faces the wind direction to minimize stress. Thus, offshore wind turbines that are actively shut down under typhoon disasters are considered as offshore wind turbines shut down due to typhoon scenarios.

[0056] Furthermore, compared to transformers and generator sets, transmission lines in offshore wind power systems are more susceptible to typhoon damage. Therefore, this step determines the fault probability of transmission lines in offshore wind power systems under typhoon conditions. Specifically, due to the long length of transmission lines, a single transmission line in an offshore wind power system is considered to consist of multiple transmission towers and transmission line segments. The fault probability of each segment is calculated separately, resulting in the final fault probability of the entire transmission line. It is also assumed that the typhoon wind speed is the same on each line segment at the same time.

[0057] For example, the probability of failure of transmission towers and transmission line segments at each moment during the duration of a typhoon is calculated using the vulnerability curve according to the following formula: , , in, and They are time points t transmission lines m The k The first transmission tower and the first l The probability of failure for a single transmission line segment; and These are the design wind speeds for transmission towers and transmission line sections, respectively. This refers to the length of a single transmission line segment; and They are time points t Downstream transmission lines m The k The first transmission tower and the first l The typhoon wind speed at the location of the transmission line segment can be calculated using the formulas involved in the Batts wind field model mentioned above.

[0058] Here, the vulnerability curve is a mathematical model used to describe the degree of damage to offshore wind power systems under different typhoon intensities. Its core feature is diminishing marginal returns: as the intensity of typhoon disasters increases, the losses suffered by offshore wind power systems show a non-linear growth, with limited upside potential but unlimited downside risks.

[0059] Next, based on the fault probability of the transmission towers and transmission line segments at each moment, the cumulative fault probability of the transmission towers and transmission line segments can be calculated using the following formulas to quantify the cumulative fault risk of the transmission towers and transmission line segments during the typhoon: , , in, and Transmission lines m The k The first transmission tower and the firstl The cumulative fault probability of a transmission line segment. The unit time interval can be 1 hour. and Transmission lines m The total number of towers and line segments.

[0060] Here, for transmission towers or transmission lines, for each unit time interval, the instantaneous failure probabilities from the start of the typhoon to the current moment are summed up and substituted into an exponential model to calculate the cumulative failure probability up to the current moment. This allows for a more realistic simulation of the gradual damage process of a typhoon, a disaster lasting several hours, to offshore wind power system infrastructure.

[0061] For example, if the cumulative failure probability of the power transmission tower is 0.7 by the 10th hour of the typhoon, it means there is a 70% chance that the power transmission tower has collapsed at some point in the past 10 hours.

[0062] Then, based on the cumulative fault probabilities of transmission towers and transmission line segments, the cumulative fault probability of the transmission line is further calculated, expressed as: , in, For power transmission lines m The cumulative failure probability.

[0063] Here, the entire transmission line is treated as a series system. A fault in any transmission tower or line segment will cause the entire transmission line to fail. Therefore, the probability that all transmission towers and line segments are simultaneously functioning normally is calculated. Subtracting this probability from 1 yields the cumulative fault probability of the transmission line from the start of the typhoon to the current moment.

[0064] Furthermore, when the cumulative fault probability of a transmission line exceeds a second preset threshold, the transmission line is determined to be in a fault state, is taken out of operation, and its operating status remains 0 at all subsequent times, effectively removing the transmission line from service. Here, the out-of-service transmission line is considered a faulty transmission line caused by a typhoon scenario. It should be noted that the cumulative fault probability of the transmission line is calculated once per unit time interval.

[0065] This step employs an uncertainty principle, first calculating the typhoon wind speeds at the locations of offshore wind turbines and transmission lines based on a pre-set typhoon scenario. Then, based on these wind speeds, it determines whether the offshore wind turbines need to be shut down. The cumulative failure rate of the transmission lines under typhoon conditions is calculated to determine if the lines are faulty, thus simulating the physical damage of a typhoon to the offshore wind power system. Next, under the premise of the corresponding equipment states in the damaged offshore wind power system, optimal power flow calculations are performed to obtain the different types of load losses at the bus nodes of the offshore wind power system under steady-state conditions after a typhoon-induced failure. It can be understood that these different types of load losses are obtained by sampling the calculated shutdown of offshore wind turbines and faulty transmission lines.

[0066] For example, the load can be divided into three types: very important, moderately important, and general.

[0067] Therefore, based on the different types of load losses of the offshore wind power system under steady-state conditions after a typhoon-induced failure, the comprehensive load loss of the offshore wind power system under steady-state conditions after a typhoon-induced failure can be obtained, expressed as: , in, This represents the combined load loss of various types of offshore wind power systems under typhoon conditions. T This represents the total time the typhoon affects the offshore wind power system. This refers to the number of bus nodes in an offshore wind power system. For a moment t Lower busbar node b The i Types of load loss.

[0068] Step 204: With the goal of minimizing the comprehensive loss of multiple types of loads in the offshore wind power system under typhoon scenarios, construct the second objective function of the offshore wind power system.

[0069] In this step, with the goal of minimizing the overall loss of multiple types of loads under typhoon scenarios, a second objective function is established to ensure the power supply of offshore wind power systems as much as possible under typhoon disasters, thereby constructing a resilient system.

[0070] For example, the second objective function is expressed as: .

[0071] Step 205: Based on the second preset constraints, frequency safety constraints, and second objective function under the typhoon scenario, construct the second-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system.

[0072] In this step, the second set of pre-defined constraints includes node power balance constraints (including active and reactive power), line capacity constraints, generator output constraints, ramping constraints, pumped storage charging and discharging constraints, new energy storage charging and discharging constraints, SOC constraints, and AC power flow constraints. It should be noted that the second set of pre-defined constraints under a typhoon scenario are used to constrain the second objective function. Specifically, based on the typhoon wind speed at the location of the offshore wind turbines and transmission lines, it is determined whether the offshore wind turbines need to be shut down, and the cumulative failure rate of the transmission lines under typhoon disasters is calculated to determine whether the transmission lines are in a faulty state, thus simulating the physical damage of typhoons to the offshore wind power system. Then, the second set of pre-defined constraints are applied under the premise of the corresponding equipment status in the damaged offshore wind power system. Thus, under the extreme conditions of continuous structural damage to the offshore wind power system and continuous reduction in power generation resources, the output of remaining resources is adjusted as much as possible to minimize load loss. This allows for an accurate assessment of the true resilience of the offshore wind power system under typhoon disasters during the planning stage.

[0073] It should be noted that when a typhoon causes a failure in an offshore wind power system, the transient situation is equivalent to a significant power loss. On a timescale of seconds, various frequency regulation resources in offshore wind power systems rely on inertial and primary frequency regulation characteristics to respond, which can easily lead to frequency problems. Among these, frequency regulation resources in offshore wind power systems include generator sets and energy storage devices.

[0074] In this step, at each time point during the typhoon's duration, a system frequency response model is constructed using MATLAB Simulink software, based on the total equivalent inertia constant and load damping of the offshore wind power system. Through MATLAB Simulink's time-domain simulation capabilities, the frequency change curves of the offshore wind power system under transient conditions after a typhoon-induced failure can be directly obtained. Based on these frequency change curves, the minimum frequency and maximum frequency reduction rate of the offshore wind power system are obtained. Frequency safety constraints are then constructed based on these minimum and maximum frequency reduction rates to ensure the frequency safety of the offshore wind power system under typhoon disasters as much as possible. Finally, based on the second preset constraint, the frequency safety constraint, and the second objective function under the typhoon scenario, the second-stage planning model of the offshore wind power system is constructed.

[0075] For example, frequency security constraints are expressed as follows: , , in, For a moment t Minimum frequency for offshore wind power systems Frequency sag limits for offshore wind power systems. For a moment t The total unbalanced power generated by offshore wind power systems after a typhoon. For the frequency variation rate limit of offshore wind power systems For offshore wind power systems at all times t The equivalent inertia. This refers to the rated frequency of offshore wind power systems.

[0076] Understandably, the calculation process is similar to that for calculating the combined loss of multiple load types. Alternatively, based on a preset typhoon scenario, the typhoon wind speed at the location of the offshore wind turbine and transmission line can be calculated first. Then, based on the typhoon wind speed at the location of the offshore wind turbine and transmission line, it can be determined whether the offshore wind turbine needs to be shut down. The cumulative failure rate of the transmission line under typhoon disaster can be calculated to determine whether the transmission line is in a faulty state. This simulates the physical damage of typhoons to the offshore wind power system. Then, power balance and other calculations can be performed under the premise of the corresponding equipment status in the damaged offshore wind power system.

[0077] It should be noted that in this step, the generator units of traditional power sources in the offshore wind power system adopt a low-order frequency response model. Nuclear power units are similar to thermal power units, differing only in the settings of parameters such as droop coefficient and dead zone. Hydropower units adopt an SFR model with water hammer effect. Pumped storage equipment in the offshore wind power system also adopts an SFR model with water hammer effect. This embodiment uses supporting energy storage to provide virtual inertia support for wind and solar power, but does not consider participation in primary frequency regulation response. Energy storage equipment in the offshore wind power system uses virtual synchronization technology to provide virtual inertial response and primary frequency regulation response. After the demand-side response resources of the offshore wind power system are integrated by a load aggregator, primary frequency regulation is achieved by droop control, while the traditional loads themselves participate in the frequency response through damping.

[0078] Specifically, the system frequency response model is as follows: Figure 3 As shown. In a typhoon scenario, after a malfunction in the offshore wind power system, a total power imbalance occurs in the offshore wind power system. This is a negative value, indicating insufficient power generation. At this time, the total unbalanced power... This refers to the net power disturbance of the offshore wind power system. The total equivalent inertial constant of the offshore wind power system... With load damping This determines how the frequency of an offshore wind power system instinctively responds to net power disturbances, thus yielding the frequency change of the offshore wind power system after a net power disturbance. When the frequency of an offshore wind power system begins to change, it generates frequency variation. Simultaneously, this triggers the response of frequency regulation resources in the offshore wind power system, causing these resources to generate supporting power. The supporting power generated by all frequency regulation resources will offset the initial total imbalance power. The system attempts to pull the frequency back to a normal value, generating a new total unbalanced power, thus forming a closed-loop feedback system. After multiple adjustments by this closed-loop feedback system, the final frequency change... It will stabilize at a new value. Time-domain simulation can be used to obtain the frequency variation curve, thereby assessing whether the minimum frequency point and rate of change are safe.

[0079] in, Figure 3 middle , These represent the penetration rates of wind power and photovoltaic installed capacity in offshore wind power systems, respectively. This indicates the penetration rate of conventional power source generator sets in the installed capacity of offshore wind power systems. Here, conventional power source generator sets are taken as thermal power generator sets as an example. Simulate the dynamic characteristics of a thermal power unit turbine. This refers to the power ratio of the high-pressure cylinder. The reheat time constant is This is the droop coefficient of the speed controller, which converts frequency changes into power adjustment commands. The primary frequency regulation support power provided to thermal power units through their inertia and speed control systems. This refers to the virtual inertia control coefficient of the wind turbine in an offshore wind power system. The virtual inertia support power provided for wind turbine units in offshore wind power systems. This refers to the virtual inertia control coefficient of the photovoltaic unit in the offshore wind power system. The virtual inertia support power provided by the photovoltaic units in the offshore wind power system through the supporting energy storage. This is the virtual inertia control coefficient for energy storage devices in offshore wind power systems. This refers to the proportion of energy storage in the total installed capacity of wind and solar power units. Virtual inertia support power provided for energy storage devices in offshore wind power systems. It is a differential operator, which is a characteristic of virtual inertia control.

[0080] For example, the total equivalent inertia of an offshore wind power system With the total equivalent inertia constant Represented as: , , in, , These are the equivalent inertia and equivalent inertial constant of the traditional synchronous machine, which only considers the synchronous machine. , These are the equivalent inertia and equivalent inertial constant provided by the wind turbine units within the new energy source of the offshore wind power system, respectively. , These are the equivalent inertia and equivalent inertial constant provided by the photovoltaic units within the new energy source in the offshore wind power system, respectively. When the new energy source adopts conventional control, their values ​​are 0. The equivalent inertial constant provided for the flexible DC transmission system connected to the offshore wind farm in the offshore wind power system.

[0081] In this embodiment, the flexible DC transmission system connected to the offshore wind farm in the offshore wind power system does not appear as an independent power feedback loop. Instead, it plays a role by increasing the total equivalent inertia constant of the offshore wind power system. This allows the inertia response capability of the DC capacitor of the flexible DC transmission system to be added to the frequency changes of the offshore wind power system under transient conditions after a typhoon causes a failure in the offshore wind power system.

[0082] Furthermore, the equivalent inertial constant provided by the flexible DC transmission system connected to the offshore wind farm in the offshore wind power system... First, assuming active frequency support, the inertia and frequency response characteristics of an offshore wind-powered flexible DC transmission system primarily depend on two parts: the offshore wind farm and the flexible DC transmission system itself. The offshore wind farm can participate in frequency regulation through various control methods, including rotor kinetic energy control, power reserve control, and cluster control. The flexible DC transmission system can achieve short-term power regulation by charging and discharging DC capacitors, or achieve reasonable power distribution by optimizing DC power flow to support the offshore system frequency. Next, the electric field energy stored in the DC capacitors can be expressed as… ,in This is the DC capacitor capacitance value. This represents the voltage across the DC capacitor. Treating the voltage across the capacitor as the rotor speed of a generator, the formula for the DC capacitor's discharge characteristics can be derived by analogy. And generator rotor discharge characteristic formula .in, This represents the equivalent capacitance value of a single converter in a flexible DC transmission system. The number of converters; This refers to the rated capacity of the converter station; It is a DC voltage; , These represent the active power at both the DC transmission and reception ends; The inertial response power provided to the DC capacitor; Let be the inertia time constant for the DC capacitor simulation. Assuming the converter station has the inertia response characteristics of a synchronous generator, the relationship between the DC voltage variation and the frequency variation of the offshore wind power system is obtained by combining the DC capacitor discharge characteristic formula and the generator rotor discharge characteristic formula: This formula means that frequency variations in offshore wind power systems can be measured by monitoring voltage changes at the terminals of flexible DC transmission systems. Furthermore, for Integrating both sides, we can also obtain the direct relationship between the grid frequency and the voltage, expressed as: ,in, This is the rated DC voltage. Therefore... It can be done through formula or Calculated.

[0083] Step 206: Based on the first-stage planning model and the second-stage planning model, construct a two-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system.

[0084] Step 207: Solve the two-stage planning model to obtain the planning scheme for the offshore wind power system to cope with typhoon scenarios.

[0085] In this step, the first-stage planning model aims to minimize the total cost of the expanded offshore wind power system under normal scenarios. It determines which power sources and transmission lines to add, and by how much capacity, i.e., the capacity of each type of power source and the location of the transmission lines. This outputs candidate expansion schemes for the offshore wind power system. The second-stage planning model, after expanding the offshore wind power system according to the candidate schemes, aims for optimal resilience under typhoon scenarios, while simultaneously verifying the second preset constraint and frequency safety constraints. Therefore, by solving the two-stage planning model, an economical and safe planning scheme can be determined.

[0086] Furthermore, as a refinement and extension of the specific implementation of the above embodiments, in order to fully illustrate the specific implementation process of this embodiment, solving the two-stage planning model specifically includes: solving the first-stage planning model in the two-stage planning model to obtain candidate expansion schemes for the offshore wind power system; updating the offshore wind power system according to the candidate expansion schemes; inputting the updated offshore wind power system into the second-stage planning model in the two-stage planning model; if the updated offshore wind power system does not meet the second preset constraint condition and frequency safety constraint condition under the typhoon scenario in the second-stage planning model, the second-stage planning model outputs target constraints to add the target constraints to the first-stage planning model, and re-solving the first-stage planning model after adding the target constraints until the updated offshore wind power system meets the second preset constraint condition and frequency safety constraint condition under the typhoon scenario in the second-stage planning model.

[0087] In this step, a two-stage iterative solution strategy based on Benders decomposition is adopted to solve the two-stage programming model.

[0088] Specifically, the first stage of the two-stage planning model is taken as the master problem in the Benders decomposition, and the second stage is taken as a subproblem in the Benders decomposition. First, the master problem is solved. Under the condition of satisfying the first pre-set operational constraints, the output is the construction decision variable that minimizes the total cost of the expanded offshore wind power system under normal scenarios, and the continuous output of the generator units in the expanded offshore wind power system. This yields the candidate expansion scheme with the optimal economics of the offshore wind power system. Next, the original offshore wind power system is updated according to the candidate expansion scheme, resulting in the expanded offshore wind power system, i.e., the updated offshore wind power system. Then, the updated offshore wind power system obtained from solving the master problem is used as the known parameters of the subproblem and input into the subproblem. Under the given updated offshore wind power system, the subproblem simulates a pre-set typhoon scenario to verify the second pre-set constraints. Furthermore, for each time step under the typhoon scenario, the simulation is run in MATLAB Simulink as follows: Figure 3 The updated offshore wind power system frequency response model shown is obtained using time-domain simulation to obtain the frequency variation curve of the updated offshore wind power system and determine whether it meets the frequency safety constraints. Simultaneously, the comprehensive load losses of the updated offshore wind power system are calculated.

[0089] If the updated offshore wind power system satisfies the second preset constraint and frequency safety constraint at all times during typhoon scenarios, the subproblem is considered feasible. The subproblem will generate an optimal cut that is fed back to the main problem. The optimal cut will then feed back to the main problem the comprehensive load loss of the candidate expansion schemes output by the main problem under typhoon scenarios. Based on the candidate expansion schemes, minimum total cost, and comprehensive load loss of the subproblems output by the main problem, a planning scheme for the offshore wind power system to cope with typhoon scenarios can be determined.

[0090] If the updated offshore wind power system fails to meet the second preset constraint or frequency safety constraint at any point during a typhoon, it indicates that the subproblem is infeasible. The subproblem will output a feasibility cut as feedback to the main problem. The feasibility cut will then inform the main problem that the candidate expansion scheme output by the main problem is infeasible under a certain constraint during a typhoon, such as frequency collapse or load loss exceeding the limit. The main problem will then incorporate the feasibility cut as a new objective constraint into its solution process, outputting a new and different candidate expansion scheme, and passing this new candidate expansion scheme back to the subproblem for verification. This process is repeated until the updated offshore wind power system meets the second preset constraint and frequency safety constraint at all times during a typhoon.

[0091] This embodiment uses a two-stage planning model to divide the planning of offshore wind power systems in response to typhoon scenarios into two objectives: economy and safety, thus resolving the contradiction between economy and safety in the planning process.

[0092] In another embodiment of this application, the proposed model is validated based on a standard IEEE-24 node example. In this example, the existing power supply and line conditions are as follows: Figure 4 As shown in the figure. Among them, the installed capacity of thermal power, hydropower and nuclear power is 3405MW, 500MW and 750MW respectively; Node 10 is connected to the offshore wind power flexible DC system, and Nodes 3 and 19 are connected to the traditional onshore wind power, with wind power and photovoltaic installed capacity of 600MW each; the high voltage DC capacity is 400MW, and the pumped storage and energy storage installed capacities are 549MW and 120MW respectively.

[0093] The proposed expansion includes 3405MW of thermal power units, 1200MW each of wind and solar power units, 440MW of energy storage, and 38 power lines. The construction cost for thermal power units is 3.5 million yuan / MW, for wind power units it is 5 million yuan / MW, for solar power units it is 4 million yuan / MW, for energy storage it is 1 million yuan / MW, and for power lines it is 6 million yuan / MW. The coal-fired power cost is 300 yuan / MWh, the hydropower operation and maintenance cost is 100 yuan / MWh, the new energy unit operation and maintenance cost is 80 yuan / MWh, the high-voltage direct current operation and maintenance cost is 80 yuan / MWh, the curtailment cost is 300 yuan / MWh, and the load shedding cost is 25,000 yuan / MWh. The frequency change rate and minimum frequency drop are set at 0.24Hz / s and -0.2Hz respectively. Spinning reserve is set at 5% of the current load, and total reserve is set at 15% of the maximum load, with a maximum load of 400MW. Initial typhoon parameters: initial central pressure difference of 48 hPa, direction of movement 30 degrees north of west. The typhoon was simulated 1000 times to obtain the initial fault scenario set.

[0094] The final planning scheme is shown in Table 1: Table 1

[0095] The plan includes 20MW of thermal power units, 1200MW of wind power units, 200MW of photovoltaic units, and 280MW of energy storage, with two new power lines (6-10 and 10-12). The total construction cost is 610 million yuan, the total operating cost is 4.77 billion yuan, and the total planned cost reaches 5.38 billion yuan. New energy capacity accounts for 33.3% of the total installed capacity and achieves 100% grid integration. The plan's resilience under typhoon conditions is 39.7MWh, with frequency change rates all below 0.24Hz / s and frequency drops all above -0.2Hz, meeting frequency constraints.

[0096] This application establishes a resilience index that considers load importance differentiation and constructs a system frequency response model that takes into account the flexible DC characteristics of offshore wind power. It comprehensively measures the transient steady-state characteristics of offshore wind power systems under typhoon-induced faults, achieving a synergy between static investment economy and extreme safety and stability. Furthermore, this application proposes a two-stage construction model for source-grid coordination in offshore wind power systems. The first stage aims to minimize the total construction and operation cost, while the second stage aims to optimize the resilience index under typhoon scenarios. This model encompasses frequency safety constraints and other conventional constraints, employing decomposition and coordination to achieve effective solutions. This addresses the challenge of insufficient safety and supply capacity under typhoon scenarios during the planning process of offshore wind power systems.

[0097] It should be noted that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0098] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, as a specific implementation of the above-mentioned offshore wind power system planning method for dealing with typhoon scenarios, this application embodiment provides an offshore wind power system planning device 500 for dealing with typhoon scenarios. The offshore wind power system planning device 500 for dealing with typhoon scenarios includes: a construction module 501 and a planning module 502.

[0099] The construction module 501 is used to determine a first objective function with the goal of minimizing the total cost of the expanded offshore wind power system under normal scenarios; and to construct a first-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system based on the first preset operating constraints and the first objective function; and to construct a second objective function for the offshore wind power system with the goal of minimizing the comprehensive loss of multiple types of loads under typhoon scenarios; and to construct a second-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system based on the second preset constraints, frequency safety constraints, and the second objective function under typhoon scenarios; and to construct a two-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system based on the first-stage planning model and the second-stage planning model. Planning module 502 is used to solve the two-stage planning model to obtain the planning scheme for offshore wind power systems to cope with typhoon scenarios.

[0100] Optionally, the offshore wind power system planning device 500 for typhoon scenarios also includes: The first determining module is used to determine the construction cost of the newly added generator units in the expanded offshore wind power system based on the investment decision variables, unit capacity power investment cost, discount rate, and lifespan of the generator units to be expanded in the corresponding set of offshore wind power systems; to determine the construction cost of the newly added energy storage equipment in the expanded offshore wind power system based on the investment decision variables, unit capacity power investment cost, discount rate, and lifespan of the energy storage equipment to be expanded in the set of offshore wind power systems; to determine the construction cost of the newly added transmission lines in the expanded offshore wind power system based on the investment decision variables, unit length line investment cost, discount rate, and lifespan of the transmission lines to be expanded in the set of offshore wind power systems; to determine the operating cost of the expanded offshore wind power system based on the unit operation and maintenance cost and output of the generator units in the expanded offshore wind power system; and to calculate the total cost by adding the construction costs of the newly added generator units, the construction costs of the newly added energy storage equipment, the construction costs of the newly added transmission lines, and the operating costs in the expanded offshore wind power system.

[0101] The second determining module is used to: determine the number of offshore wind turbines shut down due to a typhoon in the offshore wind power system based on the typhoon wind speed at the location of the offshore wind turbines; determine the probability of transmission line failure in the offshore wind power system based on the typhoon wind speed at the location of the transmission towers and transmission line segments within the transmission lines in the offshore wind power system under a typhoon; determine the faulty transmission lines in the offshore wind power system caused by the typhoon based on the faulty offshore wind turbines and faulty transmission lines; perform power flow calculations on the offshore wind power system under a typhoon to obtain the different types of load losses at the bus nodes in the offshore wind power system under steady-state conditions after a typhoon causes a failure in the offshore wind power system; and determine the comprehensive load loss of the offshore wind power system under steady-state conditions after a typhoon causes a failure in the offshore wind power system based on the load loss, the total time the typhoon affects the offshore wind power system, and the number of bus nodes in the offshore wind power system.

[0102] Module 501 is specifically used to construct a system frequency response model of the offshore wind power system at each moment in a typhoon scenario, based on the total equivalent inertia constant and load damping of the offshore wind power system; perform time-domain simulation on the system frequency response model to obtain the frequency change curve of the offshore wind power system under transient conditions after a failure caused by a typhoon scenario; determine the minimum frequency value and maximum frequency reduction rate of the offshore wind power system based on the frequency change curve; and construct frequency safety constraints based on the minimum frequency value and maximum frequency reduction rate.

[0103] Module 501 is specifically used to determine the total equivalent inertia constant of the offshore wind power system based on the penetration rate of the installed capacity of wind turbines and photovoltaic units in the offshore wind power system, the equivalent inertia constant provided by the generator units of traditional energy, the equivalent inertia constant provided by the wind turbines and the equivalent inertia parameters provided by the photovoltaic units, and the equivalent inertia constant provided by the flexible DC transmission system connected to the offshore wind turbines.

[0104] The solver module 502 is specifically used to solve the first-stage planning model in the two-stage planning model to obtain candidate expansion schemes for the offshore wind power system; update the offshore wind power system according to the candidate expansion schemes; input the updated offshore wind power system into the second-stage planning model in the two-stage planning model; if the updated offshore wind power system does not meet the second preset constraint condition and frequency safety constraint condition under the typhoon scenario in the second-stage planning model, the second-stage planning model outputs target constraints to add the target constraints to the first-stage planning model, and re-solve the first-stage planning model after adding the target constraints until the updated offshore wind power system meets the second preset constraint condition and frequency safety constraint condition under the typhoon scenario in the second-stage planning model.

[0105] The construction module 501 is specifically used for the first preset operating constraints, including: bus node power balance constraints, DC power flow constraints, line capacity constraints, generator output constraints, ramping constraints, total reserve constraints, total energy constraints, spinning reserve constraints, pumped storage charging and discharging constraints, new energy storage equipment charging and discharging constraints, and energy storage equipment constraints; the second preset constraints include bus node power balance constraints, line capacity constraints, generator output constraints, ramping constraints, pumped storage charging and discharging constraints, new energy storage equipment charging and discharging constraints, energy storage equipment constraints, and AC power flow constraints.

[0106] Specific limitations regarding the planning device for offshore wind power systems in response to typhoon scenarios can be found in the limitations on the planning methods for offshore wind power systems in response to typhoon scenarios mentioned above, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the aforementioned planning device for offshore wind power systems in response to typhoon scenarios can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in a computer device in hardware form, or stored in the memory of a computer device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0107] Based on the above, Figures 1 to 2 Accordingly, embodiments of this application also provide a readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method. Figures 1 to 2 The method for planning offshore wind power systems in response to typhoon scenarios is shown.

[0108] Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as CD-ROM, USB flash drive, mobile hard drive, etc.) and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (such as personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of various implementation scenarios of this application.

[0109] Based on the above, Figures 1 to 2 The method shown, and Figure 5 To achieve the above objectives, the present application also provides a computer device, specifically a personal computer, server, network device, etc., as shown in the virtual device embodiment. This computer device includes a storage medium and a processor; the storage medium stores a computer program; the processor executes the computer program to achieve the above-described objectives. Figures 1 to 2 The method for planning offshore wind power systems in response to typhoon scenarios is shown.

[0110] Optionally, the computer device may also include a user interface, a network interface, a camera, radio frequency (RF) circuitry, sensors, audio circuitry, a Wi-Fi module, etc. The user interface may include a display screen, input units such as a keyboard, etc., and optional user interfaces may also include USB ports, card reader ports, etc. The network interface may optionally include standard wired interfaces, wireless interfaces (such as Bluetooth interfaces, Wi-Fi interfaces), etc.

[0111] Those skilled in the art will understand that the computer device structure provided in this embodiment does not constitute a limitation on the computer device, and may include more or fewer components, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0112] The storage medium may also include an operating system and a network communication module. The operating system is a program that manages and stores the hardware and software resources of a computer device, supporting the operation of information processing programs and other software and / or programs. The network communication module is used to enable communication between the various components within the storage medium, as well as communication with other hardware and software within the physical device.

[0113] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that this application can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platform, or the embodiments of this application can be implemented by hardware.

[0114] Those skilled in the art will understand that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic diagrams of a preferred embodiment, and the modules or processes shown in the drawings are not necessarily essential for implementing this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that the modules in the apparatus of the embodiment can be distributed within the apparatus of the embodiment as described, or can be modified to be located in one or more apparatuses different from this embodiment. The modules of the above-described embodiment can be combined into one module, or further divided into multiple sub-modules.

[0115] The serial numbers in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of any particular implementation scenario. The above disclosures are merely a few specific implementation scenarios of this application; however, this application is not limited thereto, and any variations conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A planning method for offshore wind power systems in response to typhoon scenarios, characterized in that, The method includes: The first objective function is determined with the goal of minimizing the total cost of the expanded offshore wind power system under normal scenarios. Based on the first preset operating constraints and the first objective function, a first-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system is constructed. A second objective function for the offshore wind power system is constructed with the goal of minimizing the comprehensive loss of multiple types of loads under typhoon scenarios. Based on the second preset constraints, frequency safety constraints, and the second objective function under the typhoon scenario, a second-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system is constructed. Based on the first-stage planning model and the second-stage planning model, a two-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system is constructed. Solving the two-stage planning model yields the planning scheme for the offshore wind power system to cope with typhoon scenarios.

2. The offshore wind power system planning method for typhoon scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the investment decision variables, unit capacity power investment cost, discount rate and lifespan of the generator units to be expanded in the set of offshore wind power systems to be expanded, the construction cost of the newly added generator units in the expanded offshore wind power system is determined. Based on the investment decision variables, unit capacity power investment cost, discount rate and lifespan of the energy storage equipment to be expanded in the set to be expanded, the construction cost of the new energy storage equipment in the expanded offshore wind power system is determined. Based on the investment decision variables, unit length line investment cost, discount rate and lifespan of the transmission lines to be expanded in the set to be expanded, the construction cost of the new transmission lines in the expanded offshore wind power system is determined. The operating cost of the expanded offshore wind power system is determined based on the unit operation and maintenance cost and output of the generator units in the expanded offshore wind power system. The total cost is calculated by adding the construction costs of the new generator units, the new energy storage equipment, the new transmission lines, and the operating costs of the expanded offshore wind power system.

3. The offshore wind power system planning method for typhoon scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the typhoon wind speed at the location of the offshore wind turbine in the offshore wind power system under the typhoon scenario, determine the offshore wind turbine that will be shut down due to the typhoon scenario in the offshore wind power system. Based on the typhoon wind speed at the location of the transmission towers and transmission line segments in the offshore wind power system under typhoon conditions, the failure probability of the transmission lines in the offshore wind power system is determined. Based on the aforementioned failure probability, the faulty transmission lines in the offshore wind power system caused by typhoon scenarios are identified. Based on the shut-down offshore wind turbines and the faulty transmission lines, power flow calculations are performed on the offshore wind power system under typhoon conditions to obtain the different types of load losses of the bus nodes in the offshore wind power system under steady-state conditions after the offshore wind power system experiences a fault due to a typhoon. Based on the load loss, the total time the typhoon affected the offshore wind power system, and the number of bus nodes in the offshore wind power system, the comprehensive load loss of the offshore wind power system under steady-state conditions after a typhoon caused a failure in the offshore wind power system is determined.

4. The offshore wind power system planning method for typhoon scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: In a typhoon scenario, at each moment, a system frequency response model of the offshore wind power system is constructed based on the total equivalent inertia constant and load damping of the offshore wind power system. Time-domain simulation of the system frequency response model was performed to obtain the frequency change curve of the offshore wind power system under transient conditions after the offshore wind power system failed due to a typhoon scenario. Based on the frequency variation curve, the minimum frequency value and maximum frequency reduction rate of the offshore wind power system are determined; The frequency safety constraints are constructed based on the minimum frequency value and the maximum frequency reduction rate.

5. The offshore wind power system planning method for typhoon scenarios according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: The total equivalent inertial constant of the offshore wind power system is determined based on the equivalent inertial constant provided by the generator set of the conventional energy source, the equivalent inertial constant provided by the wind turbine, the equivalent inertial parameter provided by the photovoltaic unit, and the equivalent inertial constant provided by the flexible DC transmission system connected to the offshore wind turbine.

6. The offshore wind power system planning method for typhoon scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, Solving the two-stage programming model specifically includes: Solving the first-stage planning model in the two-stage planning model yields candidate expansion schemes for the offshore wind power system. The offshore wind power system is updated according to the proposed expansion plan; The updated offshore wind power system is then input into the second-stage planning model of the two-stage planning model. If the updated offshore wind power system does not meet the second preset constraint condition and frequency safety constraint condition under the typhoon scenario in the second stage planning model, the second stage planning model outputs target constraints to add the target constraints to the first stage planning model, and then re-solves the first stage planning model after adding the target constraints until the updated offshore wind power system meets the second preset constraint condition and frequency safety constraint condition under the typhoon scenario in the second stage planning model.

7. The offshore wind power system planning method for typhoon scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first preset operating constraints include: bus node power balance constraints, DC power flow constraints, line capacity constraints, generator output constraints, ramping constraints, total reserve constraints, total energy constraints, spinning reserve constraints, pumped storage charging and discharging constraints, and new energy storage equipment charging and discharging and energy storage equipment constraints. The second preset constraints include bus node power balance constraints, line capacity constraints, generator output constraints, ramping constraints, pumped storage charging and discharging constraints, new energy storage equipment charging and discharging constraints, energy storage equipment constraints, and AC power flow constraints.

8. A planning device for offshore wind power systems in response to typhoon scenarios, characterized in that, The device includes: A construction module is used to determine a first objective function with the goal of minimizing the total cost of the expanded offshore wind power system under normal scenarios; and to construct a first-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system based on first preset operating constraints and the first objective function; and to construct a second objective function for the offshore wind power system with the goal of minimizing the comprehensive loss of multiple types of loads under typhoon scenarios; and to construct a second-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system based on second preset constraints, frequency safety constraints, and the second objective function under typhoon scenarios; and to construct a two-stage planning model for the offshore wind power system based on the first-stage planning model and the second-stage planning model. The planning module is used to solve the two-stage planning model to obtain the planning scheme for the offshore wind power system to cope with typhoon scenarios.

9. A readable storage medium having a program or instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program or instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the steps of the offshore wind power system planning method for typhoon scenarios as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer device, comprising a storage medium, a processor, and a computer program stored on the storage medium and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the offshore wind power system planning method for typhoon scenarios as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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