Film mulching, ridge leveling and water retention transplanting method for flue-cured tobacco in sandy soil in spring drought region

Abstract

The invention discloses a spring drought region sandy soil flue-cured tobacco film mulching, ridge leveling and water retention transplanting method which comprises the steps that S1, before the winter of the last year of tobacco planting, a planned tobacco planting land is deeply ploughed; s2, carrying out rotary tillage and raking on the tobacco planting land in mid-to-late April, pulling lines according to set line spacing, uniformly mixing a flue-cured tobacco base fertilizer and a water-retaining agent, and applying the mixture into preset soil depth through a furrow applicator to form a water-retaining and fertilizer-supplying composite belt; s3, forming a rainwater collecting ditch in the soil plane corresponding to the water retention-fertilizer supply composite belt; s4, covering a tobacco mulching film with a set width by taking the water retention-fertilizer supply composite belt as a center, and forming rain collection holes in the tobacco mulching film according to transplanting plant spacing; and S5, punching at the rain collecting holes to transplant tobacco seedlings, and after transplanting, carrying out upper-compartment and low-ridge operation in combination with topdressing. According to the method, the problem of flue-cured tobacco transplanting in the tobacco areas with frequent spring drought and sandy soil texture is effectively solved, and the capabilities of drought resistance, seedling protection, early growth and quick germination of flue-cured tobacco in the spring drought areas are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for transplanting flue-cured tobacco in sandy soil in spring drought areas by mulching and leveling the soil to retain water, and belongs to the field of flue-cured tobacco transplanting technology. Background Technology

[0002] Tobacco transplanting typically refers to the process of transferring tobacco seedlings from seedbeds or seedling trays to the field after the seedling stage. Traditional tobacco transplanting methods often involve ridging and mulching. First, the land is leveled, including plowing and harrowing. Next, base fertilizer is applied at a certain row spacing. Then, ridges are formed, creating ridges of a certain height and width. Next, mulch is laid, with the edges pressed into the soil on both sides of the ridge for fixation. Finally, holes are punched in the mulch according to the predetermined plant spacing, and the tobacco seedlings are transplanted into the holes.

[0003] However, in specific regions with frequent spring droughts and sandy soil texture, such as the tobacco-growing areas of southwestern Guizhou in my country, the traditional ridge-transplanting method has revealed significant limitations. Because the ridge-making process requires substantial soil turning and reshaping, it severely disturbs the topsoil, accelerating soil moisture evaporation and loss. For sandy soils, which already have poor water retention capacity, this disturbance further weakens their water-holding capacity, making it difficult to effectively retain limited spring rainfall or irrigation water. This makes it difficult to meet the water needs of tobacco seedlings under spring drought conditions, affecting transplant survival rates and early growth. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above, the present invention provides a method for transplanting flue-cured tobacco in sandy soil in spring drought areas by mulching and leveling ridges to retain water, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is: a method for transplanting flue-cured tobacco in sandy soil of spring drought areas by mulching, leveling ridges, and retaining water, comprising:

[0006] S1. Before the winter of the year before planting tobacco, the planned tobacco planting land is deeply plowed to allow the soil to weather and overwinter in order to store water.

[0007] S2. In mid-to-late April, the tobacco planting land is rotary tilled and harrowed. According to the set row spacing, the flue-cured tobacco base fertilizer and water-retaining agent are evenly mixed and applied into the predetermined soil depth using strip application equipment to form a water-retaining and fertilizer-supplying composite zone.

[0008] S3. Construct rainwater collection ditches on the soil plane corresponding to the water-retention-fertilizer supply composite zone;

[0009] S4. Centered on the water-retaining and fertilizer-supplying composite strip, cover with tobacco mulch film of a set width, and make rain collection holes on the tobacco mulch film according to the transplanting plant spacing. The rain collection holes are located at the transplanting position of the tobacco seedlings. Press some fine soil on the rain collection holes, and the mulch film is naturally pressed against the surface of the rain collection ditch. When covering the mulch film, the mulching machine automatically digs shallow trenches below the soil level on both sides of the mulch film, and presses the edge of the mulch film into the corresponding shallow trenches and covers it with soil to fix it.

[0010] S5. Make holes at the rain collection holes and transplant the tobacco seedlings. After transplanting, at the predetermined number of days, combine topdressing with the operation of raising low ridges to complete the flat ridge transplanting of flue-cured tobacco.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, the tobacco-growing land is deeply plowed in October.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the water-retaining agent is a polyacrylamide-type water-retaining agent, and its application rate is 5 kg to 10 kg per mu. The amount of flue-cured tobacco base fertilizer is applied according to the local conventional application rate for flue-cured tobacco production.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the rainwater collection ditch is a V-shaped ditch, which is located in the middle of the soil plane above the water-retaining and fertilizer-supplying composite zone.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, when covering the mulch film, the mulching machine automatically digs shallow trenches below the soil level on both sides of the mulch film, presses the edges of the mulch film into the corresponding shallow trenches, and covers them with soil to fix them.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: For tobacco-growing areas prone to spring drought and with sandy soil texture, this invention abandons the traditional method of ridging followed by mulching. Instead, mulching is performed directly on leveled land, minimizing disturbance to the soil's tillage layer caused by ridging and protecting the soil's original capillary and aggregate structures. This significantly reduces soil moisture evaporation and deep infiltration. Simultaneously, the water-retaining agent is coupled with strip application of basal fertilizer to form a water-retaining and fertilizer-supplying composite zone. Combined with rainwater collected and infiltrated by V-shaped drainage ditches, this concentrates water and nutrients in the root zone of the tobacco seedlings, effectively improving water and fertilizer utilization and enhancing the drought resistance, seedling survival, and early growth of flue-cured tobacco in spring-drought-prone areas. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the transplanting structure. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0018] Example 1:

[0019] S1. In October of the year before tobacco planting, the planned tobacco planting land is deeply plowed to allow the soil to weather and overwinter in order to store water.

[0020] S2. In mid-to-late April, when the soil moisture has eased, the tobacco planting land is rotary tilled and harrowed. Following the set row spacing, the flue-cured tobacco base fertilizer and polyacrylamide water-retaining agent are evenly mixed and applied in strips. The application rate of water-retaining agent is 7 kg per mu, and the application rate of flue-cured tobacco base fertilizer is the conventional amount. The mixture is applied into the soil to a depth of 15 cm using a strip application machine to form a water-retaining and fertilizer-supplying composite zone.

[0021] S3. Construct rainwater collection ditches on the soil plane corresponding to the water-retention-fertilizer supply composite zone;

[0022] S4. Centered on the water-retaining and fertilizer-supplying composite strip, cover with 80 cm wide tobacco mulch film, and make rain collection holes on the tobacco mulch film according to the transplanting plant spacing. The rain collection holes are located at the transplanting position of the tobacco seedlings. Press some fine soil on the rain collection holes, and the mulch film is naturally pressed to the surface of the rain collection ditch. When covering the mulch film, the mulching machine automatically digs shallow trenches below the soil level on both sides of the mulch film, and presses the edge of the mulch film into the corresponding shallow trenches and covers it with soil to fix it.

[0023] S5. Make holes at the rain collection holes and transplant tobacco seedlings. About 25 days after transplanting, combine topdressing with the operation of raising low ridges and completing the transplanting of tobacco seedlings with mulching and water retention.

[0024] Compare with Example 1:

[0025] S1. In October of the year before tobacco planting, the planned tobacco planting land is deeply plowed to allow the soil to weather and overwinter in order to store water.

[0026] S2. In mid-to-late April, when the soil moisture has eased, the tobacco planting land is rotary tilled and harrowed. The flue-cured tobacco base fertilizer is applied in strips according to the set row spacing. The amount of flue-cured tobacco base fertilizer is the conventional amount. The strip application equipment is used to apply the fertilizer into the soil to a depth of 15cm to form a fertilizer supply strip.

[0027] S3. Construct rainwater collection ditches on the soil plane corresponding to the fertilizer supply zone;

[0028] S4. Centered on the fertilizer supply strip, cover with 80 cm wide tobacco mulch film, and make rain collection holes on the tobacco mulch film according to the transplanting plant spacing. The rain collection holes are located at the transplanting position of the tobacco seedlings. Press some fine soil on the rain collection holes, and the mulch film is naturally pressed against the surface of the rain collection ditch. When covering the mulch film, the mulching machine automatically digs shallow trenches below the soil level on both sides of the mulch film, and presses the edge of the mulch film into the corresponding shallow trenches and covers it with soil to fix it.

[0029] S5. Make holes at the rain collection holes and transplant tobacco seedlings. About 25 days after transplanting, combine topdressing with the operation of raising low ridges to complete the flat ridge transplanting of flue-cured tobacco under plastic film.

[0030] Compare with Example 2:

[0031] S1. In early April of the year tobacco is planted, the planned tobacco planting land is plowed and harrowed.

[0032] S2. In mid-to-late April, when the soil moisture has eased, apply the base fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco in strips according to the set row spacing.

[0033] S3. Using strip application as the center, create ridges and cover with tobacco mulch film 120 cm wide;

[0034] S4. Transplant tobacco seedlings by punching holes in the film according to the plant spacing. About 25 days after transplanting, mound soil around the seedbed and raise the seedbed in conjunction with topdressing to complete the routine transplanting of flue-cured tobacco.

[0035] In 2025, the research group conducted experimental demonstrations of different transplanting methods at the Louna Tobacco Technology Transformation Park in Xingyi City, Guizhou Province. Three treatments were set up: mulched flat-ridge transplanting with water retention (same as Example 1), mulched flat-ridge transplanting (same as Control Example 1), and conventional ridge transplanting (same as Control Example 2). Soil temperature and humidity, root morphology indicators, and tobacco biomass were measured during the rosette stage. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0036]

[0037] Comparison of data from the seedling stage experiment (Table 1) shows that, compared with the conventional ridging and transplanting treatment, the soil temperature and humidity in the 15 cm soil layer of the mulched and leveled-ridge water-retaining transplanting treatment were higher. Specifically, the soil temperature increased by 1.9℃, and the humidity significantly increased from 40.3% in the control to 56.4%. The fertilizer loss rate was 0%, while it was 30% in the control. The total root length, root surface area, root volume, number of root tips, number of branches, and number of crossings of tobacco plants in the mulched and leveled-ridge water-retaining transplanting treatment were significantly increased by 29.10%, 34.93%, 19.96%, 20.36%, 35.65%, and 51.12%, respectively. The mulched and leveled-ridge transplanting treatment without water-retaining agent showed indicators between the other two treatments, superior to the conventional ridging and transplanting treatment but inferior to the mulched and leveled-ridge water-retaining transplanting treatment. In summary, the mulched and leveled-ridge transplanting treatment significantly improves soil temperature and humidity and promotes root growth and development in tobacco plants.

[0038]

[0039] Table 2 shows that, during the seedling stage, compared with the conventional ridging and transplanting treatment, the mulching and leveling-ridge transplanting treatment significantly increased the aboveground and underground biomass, with root dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, and total biomass increasing significantly by 19.67%, 22.86%, 35.53%, and 31.40%, respectively. While the mulching and leveling-ridge transplanting treatment resulted in lower biomass values ​​than the mulching and leveling-ridge transplanting treatment in all biomass indicators, it was still superior to the conventional ridging and transplanting treatment.

[0040] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A spring drought area sandy soil flue-cured tobacco film mulching flat ridge water conservation transplanting method, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1. Before the winter, plough the planned tobacco planting land to make the soil weathered and store water; S2. In the middle and late April, spin the land and level it, mix the base fertilizer and water-retaining agent, and then apply them to the soil by a strip application machine to form a water-retaining and fertilizer-providing composite belt; S3. Open a rain-collecting ditch on the soil surface corresponding to the water-retaining and fertilizer-providing composite belt; S4. Cover the tobacco mulching film with a set width around the water-retaining and fertilizer-providing composite belt, and open rain-collecting holes on the film according to the transplanting spacing, wherein the rain-collecting holes are located at the positions of the seedlings to be transplanted, and part of the fine soil is pressed and buried on the holes, and the film is naturally pressed and attached to the surface of the rain-collecting ditch; S5. Transplant the seedlings at the rain-collecting holes, and after a predetermined period of time, combine the top-dressing with the operation of building a low ridge to complete the flat-ridge transplanting of the tobacco.

2. The spring drought region sandy soil flue-cured tobacco film mulching flat ridge transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the tobacco planting land is ploughed in October.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that, In step S2, the water-retaining agent is a polyacrylamide type water-retaining agent, and the application amount is 5-10 kg per mu, and the base fertilizer of the tobacco is applied according to the conventional amount of the local tobacco production.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that, In step S3, the rain-collecting ditch is a V-shaped ditch, which is opened in the middle position of the soil surface corresponding to the water-retaining and fertilizer-providing composite belt.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that, In step S3, when covering the film, the film is pressed into the corresponding shallow groove and fixed by covering the soil when the film is automatically dug into the shallow groove on both sides of the film by a film covering machine.

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