ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system

Abstract

The invention provides an ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system, and the system comprises a flexible integrated sensing module, a signal conditioning module, a main control and synchronization module, a data storage and transmission module, a power management module, and an upper computer analysis module. The flexible ECG electrode array is used for integrating the flexible ECG electrode array and the low-frequency vibration sensor and is adaptive to a human body surface fitting requirement in a wearable scene; and the master control and synchronization module is used for synchronously acquiring and processing the ECG signal and the SCG signal of the heart. According to the technical scheme, high-precision synchronous acquisition of the ECG signal and the SCG signal of the heart is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of biomedical signal acquisition technology, and in particular to an ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system. Background Technology

[0002] ECG signals can diagnose various cardiovascular diseases. Traditional Ag / AgCl hydrogel electrodes suffer from drawbacks such as easy dehydration, skin irritation, poor compliance, and insufficient portability, failing to meet the needs of long-term wearability. While flexible dry electrodes are a research hotspot, issues such as conductivity stability, mass production costs, and limitations in single-signal acquisition remain unresolved.

[0003] SCG signals can supplement cardiac mechanical function information, with a frequency range of 0.1-50Hz. The quality of acquisition depends on sensor performance and the coupling effect with the body surface. Existing piezoelectric and accelerometer sensors have problems such as poor fit and insufficient low-frequency response, and SCG and ECG systems are often separate, making synchronous acquisition a major challenge. Integrated solutions suffer from low synchronization accuracy and high power consumption.

[0004] The existing integrated solution has five major drawbacks: First, the software synchronization error reaches tens of milliseconds, making it impossible to accurately capture electromechanical correlation; second, the packaging separation leads to wearing discomfort, easy displacement, and severe motion artifacts; third, the general algorithm is difficult to suppress coupling interference, resulting in a low signal-to-noise ratio; fourth, the continuous working power consumption is high, and the battery life is less than 24 hours; fifth, the modularity is low, and the scalability and maintainability are poor. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system for achieving high-precision synchronous acquisition.

[0006] This application provides an ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system, including: a flexible integrated sensing module, a signal conditioning module, a main control and synchronization module, a data storage and transmission module, a power management module, and a host computer analysis module, wherein... The flexible integrated sensing module adopts an integrated package to integrate a flexible ECG electrode array and a low-frequency vibration sensor, adapting to the human body surface fitting requirements in wearable scenarios. The main control and synchronization module is used for the synchronous acquisition and processing of cardiac ECG and SCG signals.

[0007] In the above technical solution, a flexible integrated sensing module, a signal conditioning module, a main control and synchronization module, a data storage and transmission module, a power management module, and a host computer analysis module are set up. The flexible integrated sensing module adopts an integrated package to integrate a flexible ECG electrode array and a low-frequency vibration sensor, which is adapted to the human body surface fitting requirements in wearable scenarios. The main control and synchronization module is used to synchronously acquire and process cardiac ECG and SCG signals, thereby realizing high-precision synchronous acquisition of cardiac ECG and SCG signals.

[0008] In one specific implementation scheme, the flexible integrated sensing module includes a flexible substrate, a flexible ECG electrode array, a low-frequency vibration sensor, an encapsulation layer, and a positioning structure; wherein... The flexible substrate is made of a medical-grade polyurethane and polydimethylsiloxane composite material with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm.

[0009] In one specific implementation, the flexible ECG electrode array is fabricated based on a composite of conductive polymer and carbon nanomaterials, and is configured with 3 or 5 leads.

[0010] In one specific implementation, the low-frequency vibration sensor is a miniature triaxial capacitive accelerometer.

[0011] In one specific implementation, the encapsulation layer is a medical-grade transparent silicone material with a thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm; The positioning structure includes a medical elastic fabric strap and Velcro.

[0012] In one specific implementation, the signal conditioning module includes an ECG signal conditioning unit and an SCG signal conditioning unit.

[0013] In one specific implementation scheme, the main control and synchronization module includes a main control chip, a synchronization trigger circuit, a clock circuit, and an interrupt control circuit.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the clock circuit uses a 32.768kHz crystal oscillator.

[0015] In one specific implementation scheme, the data storage and transmission module includes a local storage unit and a wireless transmission unit.

[0016] In one specific implementation, the wireless transmission unit adopts a dual-mode communication structure of BLE 5.0 and Wi-Fi. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Through these descriptions, the features and advantages of the present application will become clearer and more apparent.

[0019] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments. Although various aspects of embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0020] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0021] To facilitate understanding of the ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system provided in this application embodiment, its application scenario is first explained. The ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system provided in this application embodiment is used to achieve high-precision synchronous acquisition. Existing integrated solutions have five major drawbacks: First, software synchronization errors reach tens of milliseconds, making it impossible to accurately capture electromechanical correlations; second, packaging separation leads to discomfort, easy displacement, and severe motion artifacts; third, general algorithms struggle to suppress coupling interference, resulting in a low signal-to-noise ratio; fourth, continuous operation consumes a large amount of power, with a battery life of less than 24 hours; and fifth, modularity is low, resulting in poor scalability and maintainability. Therefore, this application embodiment provides an ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system to improve the achievement of high-precision synchronous acquisition. The following detailed description, in conjunction with specific accompanying drawings, illustrates the embodiments.

[0022] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0023] exist Figure 1 This application provides an ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system, including: a flexible integrated sensing module, a signal conditioning module, a main control and synchronization module, a data storage and transmission module, a power management module, and a host computer analysis module. The flexible integrated sensing module adopts an integrated package to integrate a flexible ECG electrode array and a low-frequency vibration sensor, adapting to the human body surface fitting requirements in wearable scenarios. The main control and synchronization module is used for the synchronous acquisition and processing of cardiac ECG and SCG signals.

[0024] In the above technical solution, a flexible integrated sensing module, a signal conditioning module, a main control and synchronization module, a data storage and transmission module, a power management module, and a host computer analysis module are set up. The flexible integrated sensing module adopts an integrated package to integrate a flexible ECG electrode array and a low-frequency vibration sensor, which is adapted to the human body surface fitting requirements in wearable scenarios. The main control and synchronization module is used to synchronously acquire and process cardiac ECG and SCG signals, thereby realizing high-precision synchronous acquisition of cardiac ECG and SCG signals.

[0025] Specifically, the beneficial effects include: Improving signal acquisition accuracy and quality: The flexible integrated sensing module adopts a one-piece packaging, integrating a flexible ECG electrode array with a low-frequency vibration sensor. This design greatly improves the fit between the sensing module and the human body surface, effectively reducing signal interference and noise caused by poor contact. In wearable scenarios, where human activity is frequent, traditional separate sensors are prone to affecting the stability of signal acquisition due to shaking and displacement. The flexible integrated design of this system ensures a close fit between the sensor and the human body, enabling precise capture of cardiac ECG and SCG signals. This provides high-quality, high-precision raw data for subsequent analysis, contributing to a more accurate diagnosis of cardiac health.

[0026] Synchronous signal acquisition and processing: The main control and synchronization modules possess powerful synchronous acquisition and processing capabilities, enabling precise simultaneous acquisition of cardiac ECG and SCG signals. The heart's electrical activity (ECG signal) and mechanical activity (SCG signal) are closely related; synchronous acquisition of these two signals provides a more comprehensive and accurate reflection of the heart's working state. Through synchronous analysis, doctors can more accurately determine the temporal relationship between the heart's electrical and mechanical activities, identifying potential heart diseases such as arrhythmias and myocardial ischemia, providing strong evidence for early diagnosis and treatment. Simultaneously, synchronous acquisition and processing reduces errors caused by time differences in signal acquisition, improving data reliability and consistency.

[0027] Enhancing system portability and wearability: The rational design and integration of each module makes the system compact, small in size, and lightweight, making it ideal for wearable applications. Users can easily wear the data acquisition device without affecting daily activities, enabling long-term, continuous monitoring of cardiac signals. This is of great significance for people who need long-term monitoring of their heart health, such as heart disease patients and the elderly. They can move freely in their daily lives while the system collects cardiac signals in real time, providing timely warnings upon detecting abnormalities and safeguarding their health. Furthermore, portability and wearability also make the system suitable for more scenarios, such as sports and health monitoring, and telemedicine.

[0028] Optimized data management and analysis: The collaboration between the data storage and transmission module and the host computer analysis module enables efficient data management and in-depth analysis. Collected data can be stored promptly and transmitted wirelessly to the host computer for analysis. The host computer possesses powerful data processing capabilities, enabling rapid and accurate analysis of large amounts of cardiac signal data, generating detailed reports and visualizations to help doctors understand patients' cardiac conditions more intuitively. Simultaneously, the data storage function facilitates subsequent research and review.

[0029] In one specific implementation scheme, the flexible integrated sensing module includes a flexible substrate, a flexible ECG electrode array, a low-frequency vibration sensor, an encapsulation layer, and a positioning structure; wherein... The flexible substrate is made of a medical-grade polyurethane and polydimethylsiloxane composite material with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm.

[0030] Specifically, the beneficial effects include: Excellent ergonomics and comfort: The flexible substrate is made of a medical-grade polyurethane and polydimethylsiloxane composite material with a thickness of 0.2-0.5mm. This composite material has both good flexibility and elasticity, and can closely conform to the complex curved contours of the human body surface. Whether the human body is at rest or in motion, it can ensure full contact between the sensing module and the skin, reduce signal interference caused by poor contact, and improve the accuracy of signal acquisition. At the same time, its soft texture will not cause pressure or friction damage to the human skin, and will not cause discomfort to the user even after wearing it for a long time, greatly improving the comfort and user experience of wearable devices.

[0031] Reliable signal acquisition performance: The flexible substrate material not only possesses excellent biocompatibility but also outstanding electrical insulation and chemical stability. Electrical insulation effectively prevents external electrical signals from interfering with the acquired ECG and SCG signals, ensuring signal purity. Chemical stability ensures that the sensor module's performance remains unaffected when in contact with human sweat, sebum, and other secretions, allowing it to operate stably and reliably, continuously and accurately acquiring cardiac signals and providing a reliable basis for subsequent analysis and diagnosis.

[0032] Convenient Positioning and Installation: The positioning structure simplifies the installation process of the sensor module on the human body surface. The positioning structure allows for quick and accurate fixation of the module at the predetermined cardiac signal acquisition site, avoiding the inconvenience and time wasted on repeated adjustments and improving acquisition efficiency. Furthermore, the positioning structure ensures the positional stability of the sensor module during human activity, preventing displacement that could lead to signal acquisition interruptions or errors, further enhancing the system's reliability and practicality.

[0033] In one specific implementation, the flexible ECG electrode array is fabricated based on a composite of conductive polymer and carbon nanomaterials, and is configured with 3 or 5 leads.

[0034] Specifically, the beneficial effects include: Exceptional Electrical Performance: The composite preparation method of conductive polymers and carbon nanomaterials endows the electrode array with excellent conductivity. The conductive polymers themselves have good electrochemical activity, while the carbon nanomaterials have extremely high electron mobility. The synergistic effect of the composite allows the electrodes to efficiently and stably conduct the weak electrical signals generated by the heart, greatly reducing signal loss and distortion during transmission and ensuring high fidelity of the acquired ECG signals, providing a reliable basis for accurate diagnosis of heart diseases.

[0035] Excellent flexibility and biocompatibility: The flexibility of this electrode array is a major highlight. The composite material-based array is soft and conforms well to the skin, adapting to various complex movements and postures without detachment or loosening, ensuring continuous and stable signal acquisition. Simultaneously, the conductive polymers and carbon nanomaterials used exhibit excellent biocompatibility, causing no irritation or allergic reactions to the skin. This allows for safe and prolonged wear, significantly improving user comfort and acceptance, making it particularly suitable for patients requiring long-term monitoring of cardiac electrical activity.

[0036] Flexible lead settings: The system offers a variety of options for cardiac electrical signal acquisition, including 3-lead and 5-lead configurations. The 3-lead setting is relatively simple to operate, meeting basic cardiac electrical activity monitoring needs and suitable for general health screenings and preliminary diagnostic scenarios, quickly acquiring basic cardiac electrophysiological information. The 5-lead setting, on the other hand, acquires richer and more comprehensive cardiac electrical signals, providing more detailed information about cardiac electrical activity, helping doctors more accurately determine the type and severity of heart disease, and is suitable for scenarios involving in-depth assessment and precise diagnosis of cardiac health. This flexible lead setting method can be selected according to different application needs and monitoring purposes, improving the system's applicability and practicality.

[0037] In one specific implementation, the low-frequency vibration sensor is a miniature triaxial capacitive accelerometer.

[0038] Specifically, the beneficial effects include: High-precision multidimensional signal acquisition: The miniature triaxial capacitive accelerometer has the ability to simultaneously detect acceleration changes along three mutually perpendicular axes. The mechanical motion of the heart is a complex three-dimensional process. This sensor can comprehensively and accurately capture low-frequency vibration information of the heart in all directions, including the minute acceleration changes generated during contraction and relaxation. Compared to single-axis or dual-axis sensors, the triaxial design avoids measurement errors caused by missing signal dimensions, providing a rich and accurate data foundation for subsequent analysis of the true state of cardiac mechanical activity, and contributing to a deeper understanding of cardiac function and health.

[0039] Excellent low-frequency response characteristics: The heart's low-frequency vibration signals typically have a low frequency range. The miniature triaxial capacitive accelerometer is optimized for this characteristic, exhibiting excellent low-frequency response capabilities. It maintains high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio in the low-frequency range, accurately sensing the weak low-frequency vibrations generated by the heart and effectively avoiding the loss or distortion of low-frequency signals. This allows the system to accurately record subtle changes in cardiac mechanical activity, which is of great significance for the early detection of subtle mechanical functional abnormalities caused by heart diseases such as myocardial ischemia and heart failure.

[0040] Miniaturization and Wearable Adaptability: The "miniaturized" design makes this sensor small and lightweight, adding minimal burden to wearable devices. When integrated into a flexible integrated sensing module, it is highly compatible with other components such as flexible substrates and flexible ECG electrode arrays, without affecting the overall flexibility and fit of the module. This ensures that wearable devices can comfortably and naturally conform to the human body surface, enabling long-term continuous monitoring. Simultaneously, the miniaturized design also helps reduce power consumption, extend device battery life, and improve system practicality and reliability.

[0041] Excellent stability and reliability: Capacitive accelerometers have a relatively simple structure with no complex moving mechanical parts, resulting in high stability and reliability. During long-term use, they are not easily affected by external environmental factors (such as temperature, humidity, and vibration), maintaining stable performance and continuously and accurately acquiring low-frequency cardiac vibration signals, providing long-term and stable data support for cardiac health monitoring.

[0042] In one specific implementation, the encapsulation layer is a medical-grade transparent silicone material with a thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm; The positioning structure includes a medical elastic fabric strap and Velcro.

[0043] Specifically, the beneficial effects include: 1. Advantages of the encapsulation layer Excellent biocompatibility and safety: Made of medical-grade transparent silicone material, which is chemically stable and will not cause adverse reactions with human tissues or body fluids. It is non-toxic and harmless to the human body, ensuring safety during long-term contact with human skin and greatly reducing the risk of allergies or skin discomfort for users. It is especially suitable for scenarios that require long-term wear for heart signal monitoring.

[0044] Excellent protective performance: The silicone encapsulation layer with a thickness of 0.1-0.2mm can effectively block external dust, moisture and other impurities from entering the flexible integrated sensing module, protecting the internal flexible ECG electrode array, low-frequency vibration sensor and other precision components from contamination and damage, and extending the service life of the equipment; at the same time, it will not affect the flexibility and fit of the module due to excessive thickness, ensuring that the sensing module can fit closely to the human body surface and accurately collect heart signals.

[0045] Transparency facilitates observation: The transparent silicone encapsulation layer allows users and medical personnel to directly observe the working status of the internal sensing module and the condition of the skin, such as the contact status between the electrodes and the skin, and whether there are abnormal reactions such as redness and swelling on the skin. This facilitates timely detection of problems and adjustment or treatment, improving the convenience and safety of use.

[0046] 2. Advantages of the positioning structure Easy installation and adjustment: The medical elastic fabric bandage has excellent elasticity and softness, adapting to the contours and sizes of different body parts, providing a comfortable wearing experience. The Velcro design makes fixing and removing the bandage very simple. Users can quickly and easily install the sensor module at the cardiac signal acquisition site and flexibly adjust the tightness of the bandage according to actual needs, ensuring stable and accurate positioning of the sensor module.

[0047] Stable positioning: The combination of elastic fabric straps and Velcro provides reliable fixation, effectively preventing sensor module displacement or detachment during human activity, ensuring the continuity and stability of cardiac signal acquisition. Even during strenuous exercise or prolonged wear, the sensor module remains firmly fixed in the correct position, guaranteeing accurate acquisition of ECG and SCG signals.

[0048] In one specific implementation, the signal conditioning module includes an ECG signal conditioning unit and an SCG signal conditioning unit.

[0049] Specifically, the beneficial effects include: Targeted signal quality optimization: ECG and SCG signals generated by the heart have different characteristics. ECG signals are weak electrical signals, typically with amplitudes in the millivolt range, and are easily affected by external electromagnetic interference and human electromyographic noise. SCG signals are low-frequency vibration signals with smaller amplitudes, and are also affected by environmental vibrations and equipment noise. ECG and SCG signal conditioning units are designed specifically for the characteristics of these two signals, employing the most suitable filtering and amplification methods to effectively remove noise and interference from their respective signals, improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and make the acquired signals purer and more accurate, providing a high-quality data foundation for subsequent analysis.

[0050] Independent processing ensures signal integrity: Separating the conditioning of ECG and SCG signals avoids interference between the two signals during conditioning. Because their frequency ranges, amplitudes, and other parameters differ, using a unified conditioning circuit might result in one signal masking or distorting the other, affecting the signal's accuracy and integrity. Independent conditioning units can precisely adjust according to the characteristics of each signal, ensuring that ECG and SCG signals do not interfere with each other during conditioning, fully preserving information about the heart's electrical and mechanical activity, and facilitating more accurate analysis of the heart's working state.

[0051] Flexible adaptation to diverse needs: In practical applications, ECG and SCG signals may require varying degrees of conditioning depending on the monitoring objectives and scenarios. For example, in initial screening, only basic filtering and amplification of the signal may be necessary; while in precise diagnosis, more complex processing is required, such as extraction of specific frequency bands and nonlinear correction. Independent signal conditioning units can flexibly adjust parameters and processing methods according to specific needs, meeting diverse clinical and research requirements and improving the system's applicability and flexibility.

[0052] In one specific implementation scheme, the main control and synchronization module includes a main control chip, a synchronization trigger circuit, a clock circuit, and an interrupt control circuit.

[0053] Specifically, the beneficial effects include: Highly Efficient and Precise Main Control Core: As the "brain" of the entire system, the main control chip possesses powerful data processing and logic control capabilities. It can quickly receive ECG and SCG signals from the signal conditioning module and analyze, process, and store these signals in real time according to preset algorithms. Whether it's simple heart rate calculation or complex cardiac disease feature extraction, the main control chip can complete the task efficiently, ensuring the system can respond promptly and provide accurate results, offering reliable data support for cardiac health monitoring.

[0054] A reliable synchronous triggering mechanism: The synchronous triggering circuit is crucial for achieving synchronous acquisition of ECG and SCG signals. While the electrical and mechanical activities of the heart are interconnected, their timing differs slightly. The synchronous triggering circuit precisely controls the start time of the two signal acquisitions, ensuring strict alignment on the timeline. This makes subsequent analysis of the correlation between cardiac electromechanical activity more accurate, contributing to a deeper understanding of the heart's working mechanisms and providing important evidence for the early diagnosis and precision treatment of heart diseases.

[0055] Precise and stable clock guarantee: The clock circuit provides the system with a precise time reference. Strict time control is required at each stage of signal acquisition, processing, and transmission. The clock circuit generates a stable and accurate clock signal, ensuring that components such as the main control chip and synchronous trigger circuit operate at a unified time rhythm, avoiding signal misalignment or data loss due to time errors, and improving the stability and reliability of the system.

[0056] Flexible interrupt control capability: The interrupt control circuit enables the system to respond quickly to external events. In case of an emergency, such as detecting an abnormal cardiac signal, the interrupt control circuit can immediately interrupt the currently executing task, prioritize the emergency, and issue an alarm in a timely manner. This flexible interrupt control mechanism improves the system's real-time performance and security, providing users with timely reminders and assistance in critical moments.

[0057] In one possible implementation, the clock circuit uses a 32.768kHz crystal oscillator.

[0058] Specifically, the beneficial effects include: Precise Time Reference Guarantee: The 32.768kHz crystal oscillator boasts extremely high frequency stability, providing a precise and stable time reference for the clock circuit. During cardiac signal acquisition, both the measurement of the ECG signal period and the determination of the SCG signal time interval require a precise time reference. This crystal oscillator ensures minimal time measurement error during long-term system operation, guaranteeing the accuracy of the acquired cardiac signal time parameters. This provides a reliable basis for subsequent precise analysis of cardiac electrical and mechanical activity, helping doctors to more accurately assess cardiac health.

[0059] Significant Low Power Consumption Advantage: Low power consumption is a crucial performance indicator for wearable cardiac signal acquisition devices. The 32.768kHz crystal oscillator operates at a lower frequency, resulting in significantly lower energy consumption compared to higher frequency crystal oscillators. This means the clock circuit using this crystal consumes less power during operation, effectively extending the device's battery life, reducing the inconvenience of frequent charging, and improving the device's ease of use and practicality. It is particularly suitable for applications requiring long-term continuous monitoring of cardiac signals.

[0060] In one specific implementation scheme, the data storage and transmission module includes a local storage unit and a wireless transmission unit.

[0061] Specifically, the beneficial effects include: Local storage ensures data integrity and convenient backtracking: The local storage unit provides reliable storage space for the collected cardiac signal data. During system operation, it can stably store ECG and SCG signal data in real time, avoiding data loss due to external factors such as network instability, and ensuring data integrity and continuity. This is crucial for applications requiring long-term continuous monitoring of cardiac conditions, such as 24-hour dynamic monitoring of heart disease patients. Simultaneously, local storage allows medical staff or users to access historical data at any time through the device's local interface, facilitating retrospective analysis of cardiac health status and helping to identify potential cardiac problems or evaluate treatment effectiveness.

[0062] Wireless transmission enables remote monitoring and timely intervention: The wireless transmission unit breaks through the spatial limitations of data acquisition, enabling the rapid and accurate transmission of locally stored cardiac signal data to remote servers or mobile terminal devices. This allows medical staff to obtain patients' cardiac data in real time without having to be physically present with them, achieving remote monitoring. Once an abnormal cardiac signal is detected, the system can immediately issue an alarm, allowing medical staff to take timely intervention measures, such as adjusting treatment plans or notifying patients to seek medical attention. This significantly improves the timeliness of diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases, which is especially important for patients in remote areas or those with limited mobility.

[0063] Flexible data management strategies: The combination of local storage and wireless transmission units provides users with flexible data management options. Users can choose to store data locally only to meet privacy protection or short-term monitoring needs, or simultaneously transmit data to a remote server for long-term backup and more in-depth analysis. Furthermore, the wireless transmission function facilitates data sharing and exchange, allowing healthcare professionals in different regions to collaboratively analyze patients' cardiac data and provide more comprehensive and accurate diagnostic and treatment recommendations.

[0064] Enhancing System Usability and User Experience: This design improves the overall usability and user experience of the system. Local storage ensures data security and accessibility, while wireless transmission increases the system's convenience and intelligence. Users can easily manage and utilize cardiac signal data without cumbersome data export operations, making cardiac health monitoring simpler and more efficient.

[0065] In one specific implementation, the wireless transmission unit adopts a dual-mode communication structure of BLE 5.0 and Wi-Fi.

[0066] Specifically, the beneficial effects include: Flexible and adaptable to diverse scenarios: BLE 5.0 boasts outstanding low power consumption, making it particularly suitable for wearable devices with stringent power requirements. During extended daily wear and monitoring with cardiac signal acquisition devices, BLE 5.0 maintains a stable connection with extremely low power consumption, significantly extending device battery life, reducing charging frequency, and improving ease of use. Meanwhile, Wi-Fi offers high speed and wide coverage. When the device is in an environment with Wi-Fi signal, such as a hospital or home, it can quickly transmit large amounts of cardiac signal data, meeting the needs of scenarios requiring real-time data processing, such as remote medical diagnosis and big data analysis. The dual-mode architecture allows the system to automatically or manually switch communication modes according to different scenarios, offering flexibility and efficiency.

[0067] Ensuring reliable data transmission: The two communication methods complement each other, enhancing the reliability of data transmission. BLE 5.0 can transmit data stably in short-distance, low-interference environments. In case of signal interference or transmission interruption, the system can quickly switch to Wi-Fi mode to continue transmission, avoiding data loss. Conversely, when the Wi-Fi signal is unstable or unavailable, BLE 5.0 can serve as a backup communication channel, ensuring that cardiac signal data can be continuously and stably transmitted to the target terminal, providing reliable data support for cardiac health monitoring.

[0068] Enhancing User Experience: For users, the dual-mode communication architecture delivers a superior user experience. Users no longer need to worry about connectivity issues caused by a single communication method; cardiac signal data can be transmitted smoothly regardless of the environment. Simultaneously, BLE 5.0 supports quick pairing and connection with smartphones and other mobile devices, allowing users to easily access their cardiac health data anytime. Wi-Fi enables high-speed integration with hospital information systems and cloud servers, facilitating remote data acquisition and diagnosis by healthcare professionals. This allows users to stay informed about their cardiac health and increases their participation in the prevention and treatment of heart disease.

[0069] In one specific implementation scheme, the ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system includes: 1. Flexible integrated sensing module Employing an integrated packaging design, it combines a flexible ECG electrode array with a low-frequency vibration sensor, including: (1) Flexible substrate It uses 0.2-0.5mm thick medical-grade PU / PDMS composite material, with a biomimetic curved design that conforms to the human body, and plasma treatment to enhance adhesion. Internally integrated are serpentine silver nanowires / polypyrrole wiring with an elongation of up to 300%, and a parylene coating for waterproofing and insulation.

[0070] (2) Flexible ECG electrode array Fabricated using conductive polymers / carbon nanomaterials, the 3 / 5-lead layout adapts to different scenarios. The active layer is a PEDOT:PSS / graphene / carbon nanotube composite material, with a micro-convex array structure to reduce contact resistance (≤5kΩ@1kHz), and a Ti / Ni / Au transition layer to improve connection reliability.

[0071] (3) Low-frequency vibration sensor Employing a miniature triaxial capacitive accelerometer with parameters of ±2g range, ≥1000mV / g sensitivity, and 0.05-100Hz frequency response, it accurately captures ultra-low frequency SCG components.

[0072] The sensor is encapsulated in Shore A30 silicone flexible packaging, with elastic conductive adhesive used for fixation and electrical connection. The arc-shaped contact surface enhances coupling effect, and the copper foil shielding layer suppresses electromagnetic interference.

[0073] (4) Encapsulation layer and positioning structure The 0.1-0.2mm medical-grade transparent silicone encapsulation layer is waterproof, breathable, and antibacterial, while the skin-friendly treatment enhances comfort. Elastic straps with anti-slip particles and Velcro ensure stable wear.

[0074] 2. Signal Conditioning Module The system consists of separate ECG and SCG conditioning units, with a modular design and flexible cabling connecting the sensor modules to specifically suppress interference and amplify signals.

[0075] (1) ECG signal conditioning unit The system adopts an "instrumentation amplifier + filter + level rise" architecture: the AD8421 instrumentation amplifier has a gain of 100-1000 times and a CMRR of ≥140dB@50Hz; the second-order Butterworth filter and dual-T notch filter circuit suppress baseline drift, power frequency and electromyographic interference; the level rise circuit adjusts the baseline to 1.65V to adapt to ADC sampling.

[0076] (2) SCG signal conditioning unit It adopts a "charge amplifier + low-pass filter + gain adjustment" architecture: the OPA128 charge amplifier converts weak charge signals; the third-order 50Hz low-pass filter preserves the core components; the PGA280 programmable amplifier has a gain of 1-128 times, and the clamping circuit limits the signal range.

[0077] (3) Module interference suppression design By employing independent power supply isolation, shielded wiring, and single-point grounding design, cross-interference between the two units is avoided, ensuring signal purity.

[0078] 3. Main control and synchronization module The system's core control unit coordinates the work of each module, enabling synchronous hardware data acquisition and real-time management.

[0079] (1) Main control chip It adopts the STM32L476RG low-power MCU, with built-in ADC, DMA, and BLE 5.0 modules. The layered software architecture implements hardware driver, protocol parsing, flow control and signal processing.

[0080] (2) Synchronous triggering circuit Hardware synchronization design ensures an error of ≤1ms: a timer generates a 100-1000Hz synchronization signal to trigger simultaneous acquisition by both modules; DMA transfers data and adds microsecond-level timestamps; and adaptively adjusts the trigger frequency to balance signal quality and power consumption.

[0081] (3) Clock circuit and interrupt control circuit A 32.768kHz high-precision crystal oscillator provides a stable clock, while a backup crystal oscillator enhances reliability. A priority interrupt mechanism ensures no data loss and improves system real-time performance.

[0082] 4. Data storage and transmission module It supports offline storage and online transmission, ensuring data integrity and reliability.

[0083] (1) Local storage unit The 128MB W25Q128JV Flash chip is used for partitioned data storage, with AES-128 encryption to protect privacy. DMA batch transfer optimizes storage efficiency, and a cyclic overwrite strategy avoids data overflow. It also supports offline caching and resume interrupted downloads.

[0084] (2) Wireless transmission unit BLE 5.0 and Wi-Fi dual-mode communication adapts to different scenarios. LZ77 compression, adaptive transmission mode, and CRC-32 checksum retransmission mechanism reduce power consumption and ensure reliable transmission.

[0085] 5. Power Management Module It provides stable power supply and achieves low power consumption design, extending battery life to more than 7 days.

[0086] (1) Power interface and charging management unit The Type-C interface is used for both charging and data transfer, and the TP4056 chip enables constant current and constant voltage charging with multiple protection functions. The 500mAh soft-pack lithium battery is designed for a slim and lightweight aesthetic, and temperature monitoring ensures safe charging.

[0087] (2) Battery protection unit The DW01 chip, in conjunction with a MOSFET, provides overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection for the battery, preventing equipment damage.

[0088] (3) DC-DC conversion unit The high-efficiency DC-DC converter converts 3.7V to multiple voltage levels with a conversion efficiency of ≥90%, and the LDO regulator ensures high-precision power supply requirements.

[0089] (4) Low power management unit Through module-level sleep mode, DVFS adjustment, sensor low-power mode and wireless transmission optimization, continuous acquisition power consumption is ≤50μA, and the intermittent mode can last up to 30 days.

[0090] 6. Host Computer Analysis Module Developed using LabVIEW / Python, it supports multi-terminal operation and enables full-process data processing and analysis.

[0091] (1) Data reception and parsing Data is parsed using CRC-32 verification and AES-128 decryption, supports multi-device connection and offline data import, and is suitable for clinical multi-patient monitoring.

[0092] (2) Signal processing and feature extraction Adaptive algorithms optimize signal quality, extract ECG feature points and parameters such as HR and HRV, SCG feature points and parameters such as ET and ICT, and collaborative features such as R-AO and R-AC to support cardiac function assessment.

[0093] (3) Indicator analysis and diagnostic assistance Construct a cardiac function assessment model to evaluate heart rate rhythm, myocardial ischemia, pumping function, and electromechanical coupling, label abnormal indicators, and support model optimization and upgrades.

[0094] (4) Data visualization and report generation It displays waveforms and indicator trends in real time, automatically generates monitoring reports containing core information, and supports PDF export and archiving.

[0095] In this embodiment, the system workflow is divided into six stages, combining cyclic operation with a low-power management mechanism: (1) Startup initialization phase After the system is powered on, it reads parameters, initializes modules, and self-tests the sensing units. Once it passes the test, it enters standby mode.

[0096] (2) Synchronous acquisition stage Upon receiving the instruction, the synchronous trigger circuit is activated, and both modules simultaneously acquire signals. An interrupt mechanism ensures continuous data transmission.

[0097] (3) Signal conditioning stage The two signals are specifically conditioned and converted into pure analog signals suitable for ADC sampling.

[0098] (4) Data processing and storage stage After ADC conversion, a timestamp is added, the data is initially processed and encrypted for storage, and then prepared for uploading.

[0099] (5) Data transmission stage The wireless module is activated to transmit data, supporting resume from where it was interrupted. After transmission is complete, the module goes into sleep mode to reduce power consumption.

[0100] (6) Host computer analysis stage The host computer parses and processes the data, generating waveforms, indicators, and reports for users to view and use.

[0101] (7) Cyclic operation and low power consumption control The system can cycle through data collection or enter sleep mode, and remind users to charge when the battery is low and activate the protection mode.

[0102] In this embodiment, the beneficial effects include: High synchronization accuracy enables coordinated monitoring of cardiac electromechanical activity: The hardware synchronization design ensures an error of ≤1ms, accurately capturing the temporal correlation of electromechanical characteristics and providing precise data for coupling efficiency assessment.

[0103] Excellent wearing comfort and stability, suppressing motion artifacts: The integrated flexible packaging design enhances the wearing experience, allowing for continuous wear for more than 72 hours, with significant suppression of motion artifacts and a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of 30%+.

[0104] Excellent signal quality and strong anti-interference capability: The combination of targeted circuits and algorithms with multiple anti-interference designs results in an ECG signal-to-noise ratio of ≥45dB and an SCG signal-to-noise ratio of ≥40dB, with signal quality comparable to clinical equipment.

[0105] Low power consumption design and long battery life: Multiple low power consumption strategies enable continuous mode battery life of ≥7 days and intermittent mode battery life of ≥30 days, meeting the needs of long-term monitoring.

[0106] Highly modular and scalable, adaptable to multiple application scenarios: The standardized modular design allows for flexible configuration, supports multi-parameter expansion and individual maintenance, and is suitable for daily and clinical scenarios.

[0107] Excellent biocompatibility and high safety: Medical-grade contact materials are non-allergenic, and comprehensive electrical and data safety design ensures safety in use and privacy.

[0108] Those skilled in the art will know that this application can be implemented as a system, method, or computer program product.

[0109] Therefore, this disclosure can be implemented in the following forms: it can be entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software, generally referred to herein as a "circuit," "module," or "system." Furthermore, in some embodiments, this application can also be implemented as a computer program product in one or more computer-readable media, the computer-readable media containing computer-readable program code.

[0110] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application. Based on this, various substitutions and improvements can be made to this application, all of which fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a flexible integrated sensing module, a signal conditioning module, a main control and synchronization module, a data storage and transmission module, a power management module, and a host computer analysis module. The flexible integrated sensing module adopts an integrated package to integrate a flexible ECG electrode array and a low-frequency vibration sensor, adapting to the human body surface fitting requirements in wearable scenarios. The main control and synchronization module is used for the synchronous acquisition and processing of cardiac ECG and SCG signals.

2. The ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible integrated sensing module includes a flexible substrate, a flexible ECG electrode array, a low-frequency vibration sensor, an encapsulation layer, and a positioning structure; wherein... The flexible substrate is made of a medical-grade polyurethane and polydimethylsiloxane composite material with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm.

3. The ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flexible ECG electrode array is fabricated based on a composite of conductive polymer and carbon nanomaterials, and is configured with 3 or 5 leads.

4. The ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The low-frequency vibration sensor is a miniature triaxial capacitive accelerometer.

5. The ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The encapsulation layer is a medical-grade transparent silicone material with a thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm; The positioning structure includes a medical elastic fabric strap and Velcro.

6. The ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The signal conditioning module includes an ECG signal conditioning unit and an SCG signal conditioning unit.

7. The ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The main control and synchronization module includes a main control chip, a synchronization trigger circuit, a clock circuit, and an interrupt control circuit.

8. The ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The clock circuit uses a 32.768kHz crystal oscillator.

9. The ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The data storage and transmission module includes a local storage unit and a wireless transmission unit.

10. The ECG-SCG integrated acquisition system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The wireless transmission unit adopts a dual-mode communication structure of BLE 5.0 and Wi-Fi.

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