Equipment and method for repairing interiors of small holes of dam
By employing a dual-component design of a guide wire delivery assembly and a crack filling assembly, combined with endoscopic observation and an expandable bladder, the problems of grout flow path control and large construction disturbance in the repair of small pores inside dams were solved, achieving high-precision and visualized repair results.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- JIANGSU WATER CONSERVANCY SCI RES INST
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for repairing small holes inside dams have problems such as inaccurate control of grout flow path, incomplete filling, large construction disturbance, and difficulty in real-time monitoring of repair quality. They are particularly ineffective for repairing deep, meandering holes.
The system employs a dual-component design, consisting of a guide wire delivery assembly and a crack filling assembly. It includes a guide wire, a solid endoscope, a guide wire direction controller, a sheath, a sac, and a solid sac injection valve. Precise positioning and visual repair are achieved through guide wire guidance, endoscopic observation, and an expandable sac. Combined with real-time monitoring by a membrane pressure sensor, it ensures accurate filling and compaction of the grout within the crack.
It achieves high-precision repair of tiny holes inside the dam, reduces construction disturbance, ensures repair quality and long-term stability, adapts to various complex cracks, and conforms to the minimally invasive concept.
Smart Images
Figure CN121827276A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a device and method for repairing small holes inside dams, belonging to the technical field of dam repair. Background Technology
[0002] As dams age, cracks of varying sizes inevitably appear on their surface and inside. If these cracks are not addressed promptly, they can lead to a series of serious problems. Cracks allow water and rainwater to seep into the dam's base layer, and long-term infiltration can cause porosity corrosion within the dam structure. This weakens the structural strength of the dam's base layer, significantly alters the seepage path and stress state, and ultimately causes damage to a larger area of the dam.
[0003] Currently, methods for repairing large cracks on the surface of dams are relatively mature and convenient. However, tiny corrosion pores inside the dam body are often overlooked. These micro-pores are like invisible bombs, constantly threatening the safety and service life of the dam. To eliminate this threat, there is an urgent need for equipment and methods specifically designed to repair these micro-pores inside dams. Therefore, effectively repairing micro-pore-shaped cracks in dams has become a key task in dam maintenance.
[0004] Traditional microcrack repair processes typically employ direct grouting. However, this method is susceptible to the effects of temperature and moving water, making it difficult to guarantee the grout's setting effect, prevent the filler material from achieving optimal density within the crack, and leave behind numerous vacuum pores that negatively impact the structural strength of the dam.
[0005] Existing methods for repairing micropore-shaped cracks inside dams, especially direct grouting technology, suffer from several critical issues that urgently need to be addressed: The flow path and filling range of the grout within the crack cannot be precisely controlled, easily leading to incomplete filling, voids, or grout waste, making it difficult to guarantee the repair effect. The construction process is akin to "blind grouting," making it impossible to observe the internal morphology of the crack and the grout filling status in real time, hindering effective assessment of repair quality. Improper control of traditional grouting pressure poses a risk of cracking the original dam structure and exacerbating damage, and the construction process causes significant disturbance to the dam. For deep, meandering micropore-shaped cracks, conventional equipment struggles to reach and effectively fill them.
[0006] There are currently no effective and targeted repair methods or equipment for the holes formed inside the dam body by long-term water flow and rainwater seepage. Summary of the Invention
[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention discloses a device and method for repairing the interior of small holes in dams, the specific technical solution of which is as follows: In this patented solution, the front end refers to the forward direction when extending into the hole, i.e., during the insertion process, and the rear end is the opposite end of the front end.
[0008] A device for repairing the interior of small holes in a dam, comprising: Guide wire (1) The guidewire delivery assembly includes a solid guide endoscope (2), a guidewire direction controller (4), and a sheath (3). The guidewire (1) passes through the solid guide endoscope (2), the guidewire direction controller (4), and the sheath (3). The solid guide endoscope (2) is located at the foremost end for visualizing the detection process. The guidewire direction controller (4) is located between the solid guide endoscope (2) and the sheath (3) for controlling the direction of travel of the guidewire (1). The sheath (3) extends to the ground and escorts the guidewire (1) forward. The crack filling assembly includes a bladder (5) and a solid bladder grouting valve (6). The axial center of the bladder (5) is through, and the guide wire (1) passes through the axial center of the bladder (5). The axial circumference of the bladder (5) is a cylindrical tube with a double-layer compartment structure. The outer compartment is a fully enclosed structure. A thin film pressure sensor (506) is axially laid in the outer compartment. The front end of the inner compartment is closed, and the rear end is open. The solid bladder grouting valve (6) is located at the rear end of the bladder (5). The guide wire delivery assembly escorts the guide wire (1) to the bottom of the crack, leaving the guide wire (1) in the crack. The solid guide endoscope (2), guide wire direction controller (4) and sheath (3) are pulled back to the ground. Then the crack filling assembly, solid guide endoscope (2) and sheath (3) are sequentially fitted onto the end of the guide wire (1) that is on the ground. The sheath (3) pushes the crack filling assembly and solid guide endoscope (2) to the end of the guide wire (1) at the bottom of the crack.
[0009] Furthermore, the guide wire (1) is a nickel-titanium alloy superelastic wire with a diameter of 0.5~2.0mm.
[0010] Furthermore, the guide wire direction controller (4) is in the shape of a circular tube. The guide wire direction controller (4) includes: a transmission disc (408) at both ends, and a number of fixed guide rods (407) are arranged around the circumference of the transmission disc (408) connecting the two ends. Two transmission rings (405) are provided in the circular channel formed by several fixed guide rods (407). The transmission rings (405) are in contact with each fixed guide rod (407) in the form of an inscribed circle and are connected by a universal joint (406). A deflector tube (401) is provided between the two transmission rings (405). The deflector tube (401) is in the shape of a circular tube and is concentrically arranged with the transmission rings (405). Both transmission rings (405) are evenly provided with three radial rods (404) that are connected to the deflector tube (401) and are connected to the three radial rods (404) in the two transmission rings (405) by three axial rods (403). The outer wall of the reversing tube (401) is provided with three power-driven lead screw mechanisms. The lead screw mechanisms are located between two transmission rings (405). The axial rod (403) is configured as the lead screw of the lead screw mechanism, or is coaxially connected to both ends of the lead screw mechanism.
[0011] Furthermore, a grouting port fixer (504) is provided at the rear end of the bladder (5), and the grouting port fixer (504) is connected to the bladder grouting valve (6). The solid grouting valve (6) includes: a housing (601), and a plurality of barbed rods (602) are evenly arranged on the outer circumference of the housing (601). The front end of the barbed rods (602) is rotatably connected to the surface of the housing (601). The barbed rods (602) are inclined toward the rear end, and an inner support rod (603) is arranged below them. The lower end of the inner support rod (603) extends into the housing (601) and is connected to a spring (615). The front end of the solid grouting valve (6) is shaped like a frustum, and one or more grouting holes (612) are opened on the frustum surface. A one-way valve plate (606) is provided above the grouting hole (612), the one-way valve plate (606) covers the grouting hole (612) and fits against the frustum surface. One side of the one-way valve plate (606) is connected to the end face of the solid grouting valve (6) through hinge III (611). The one-way valve plate (606) can be rotated open around the hinge III (611). A grouting hole (612) is provided at the axial center of the solid grouting valve (6). The grouting hole (612) is also the guide wire through hole. A rubber valve (607) is provided to close the grouting hole (612) at the front end of the solid grouting valve (6). The rubber valve (607) is punctured in the center so that the guide wire (1) can pass through the puncture. After the guide wire (1) is pulled out, the puncture will shrink and close.
[0012] Furthermore, the grouting port fixer (504) is in the shape of a round tube. The inner side of the inner compartment opening is the axial center tube of the bag (5), and the outer side is a rigid ring. Multiple radial support rods are arranged between the rigid ring and the axial center tube of the bag (5). The frustum of the front end of the solid grouting valve (6) is inserted into the grouting port fixer (504). The front end of the frustum is connected to the axial center tube of the bag (5). The one-way valve plate (606) faces the opening of the inner compartment without contact. The distance between the one-way valve plate (606) and the radial support rod is greater than the width of the one-way valve plate (606).
[0013] Furthermore, the front end face of the sheath (3) is recessed and provided with an annular insertion port II (302) and a central internal threaded hole (303). The guide wire direction controller (4) has a fixed sleeve (410) at the front end and a threaded sleeve (411) at the rear end. The threaded sleeve (411) is connected to the central internal threaded hole (303) of the sheath (3). The guide wire passes through the center of the threaded sleeve (411) and the central internal threaded hole (303). The rear end of the fixed endoscope (2) is provided with a ring plug (206), which can be snapped into the ring socket II (302) or inserted into the fixed sleeve (410).
[0014] Furthermore, the solid-guided endoscope (2) includes a cylindrical fixing device (204), an endoscope groove I (208) with an arc groove recessed on the outer surface of the fixing device (204), an endoscope (201) is disposed in the endoscope groove I (208), an endoscope body (203) is disposed at the rear end of the endoscope (201), an endoscope lens (202) is disposed at the front end of the endoscope (201), and the endoscope body (203) is covered with a polyurethane jacket of flexible steel wire mesh.
[0015] Furthermore, the rear end of the solid sac grouting valve (6) is provided with a tail ring plug (608), and the front end face of the solid guide endoscope (2) is provided with a ring socket I (205), and the tail ring plug (608) is inserted into the ring socket I (205).
[0016] Furthermore, the endoscope body (203) is a slender cylindrical tube, and the guide wire direction controller (4) has an arc-shaped endoscope slot (409) axially recessed in the outer shell. The sheath (3) has an endoscope groove II (305) recessed in the front end shell. An endoscope buckle (304) is provided in the endoscope groove II (305). The endoscope body (203) can be locked in the endoscope slot (409) and the endoscope groove II (305) and is tightly connected with the endoscope buckle (304).
[0017] The method for repairing small holes inside dams based on the above-mentioned equipment includes the following steps: Step S1: Guide wire delivery: The guide wire delivery assembly is introduced into the hole of the dam. The direction of the guide wire (1) is adjusted by the guide wire direction controller (4), and the internal condition of the hole is observed by the solid guide endoscope (2) until the tip of the guide wire reaches the bottom of the hole or the target area. Step S2: Pull out the guide wire delivery assembly: Keep the guide wire (1) in the same position, and pull out the solid guide endoscope (2) and guide wire direction controller (4) by pulling the sheath (3). Step S3: Crack filling component placement: From front to back, install the bladder (5), solid grouting valve (6), and solid guide endoscope (2) sequentially on the head of the sheath (3), pass them through the guide wire (1), and push the sheath (3) to guide the crack filling component along the guide wire (1) to the target crack area; Step S4: Pull out the guide wire: Pull out the guide wire (1), the rubber valve (607) contracts and closes, sealing the central through hole of the bag (5), the bag (5), the solid bag injection valve (6), the solid guide endoscope (2) and the sheath (3) remain in the hole, and the axial center of the solid bag injection valve (6), the solid guide endoscope (2) and the sheath (3) form a channel; Step S5: Grouting: Grout is injected into the sheath (3). The grout enters the channel of the solid bag grouting valve (6) and the solid guide endoscope (2) along the sheath (3). At the solid bag grouting valve (6), the pressure pushes open the one-way valve plate (606), and the grout is injected into the bag (5). As the grout increases, the bag (5) expands and adheres to the inner wall of the hole. The changes in the bag (5) after grouting are observed and verified through the solid guide endoscope (2). At the same time, the pressure between the bag (5) and the inner wall of the hole is monitored by the thin film pressure sensor (506). The grouting flow rate and the grouting end time are controlled based on the monitoring screen and pressure feedback data. Step S6: Extract the solid guide endoscope (2) and sheath (3): After the slurry solidifies, extract the solid guide endoscope (2) and the sheath (3). During the outward pulling process, the solid slurry injection valve (6) is pulled outward, and the barb rod (602) abuts against the inner wall of the hole and gets stuck in the hole. Then, after the solid guide endoscope (2) and sheath (3) receive the pulling force, the solid guide endoscope (2) is pulled out from the solid slurry injection valve (6) and is pulled out together with the sheath (3). Step S7: The bladder (5) and the solid bladder injection valve (6) remain in the hole.
[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention addresses the challenges of sealing cracks and causing significant construction disturbance in current dam hole repair projects. It proposes developing a grouting support system with a visualized, expandable, and sealable airbag function, enabling rapid grouting repair of complex dam cracks even with minimal excavation. The core of the device lies in the use of a high-strength, flexible, expandable airbag, inserted into the seepage defect through a tiny incision. Endoscopic technology, combined with the extensibility of the airbag material, allows for precise targeting within the defect. Grout is then injected into the airbag, causing it to expand controllably within the seepage channel or defect cavity, forming a temporary support mold that closely matches the defect shape. This expansion process is monitored and controlled in real-time by pressure sensors inside the airbag, ensuring the expansion pressure remains within a safe range, minimizing stress disturbance to the original engineering structure, effectively matching the crack shape, and guaranteeing long-term repair stability.
[0019] This invention offers high precision and reliable results: Through a "guided, then filled" approach and a unique bag structure, the grout is precisely contained within the target crack area, avoiding blind injection and ensuring the density and integrity of the filling, fundamentally improving repair quality. The entire process is visualized and controllable. From crack detection and path navigation to bag expansion and fitting, the entire process is conducted under the monitoring of a solid-guided endoscope, achieving "what you see is what you repair." Combined with real-time pressure monitoring, it enables refined management and intelligent control of the grouting process. Minimally invasive construction with minimal disturbance. The entire repair process requires only a tiny hole, minimizing secondary disturbance and damage to the dam structure, aligning with the minimally invasive principles of modern engineering maintenance. Highly adaptable and widely applicable. The flexible guide wire and controllable steering mechanism allow it to adapt to various winding, deep, and minute pore-shaped cracks. The flexible nature of the bag allows it to fit well into the inner wall of irregular cracks, sealing the pores and forming a dense internal structure of the dam. The self-locking mechanism of the solid grouting valve ensures operational stability in complex environments, greatly expanding the scope of application of this invention. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the guide wire delivery assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the crack filling component structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the solid-state mirror structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sheath structure; Figure 5 Top view of the guidewire direction controller; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the guidewire direction controller structure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled parts of the wire control device; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the sac structure; Figure 9 This is a partial sectional view of the sac; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the grouting port fixation device at the tail of the bladder; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the solid grouting valve structure. Figure 12 Isometric view of a partially disassembled component of a solid grouting valve; Figure 13 Oblique biaxial projection of partial disassembly of a solid grouting valve; Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of a solid grouting valve; Figure 15 This is an exploded view of the grouting and solidification device components; Figure 16 for Figure 9 A magnified view of part A in the middle; Figure 17 for Figure 14 A magnified view of part B in the middle section; Figure 18 for Figure 14 A magnified view of part C in the middle; List of reference numerals: 1. Guidewire, 2. Fixed guide endoscope, 3. Sheath, 4. Guidewire direction controller, 5. Bag, 6. Fixed bag injection valve, 201. Endoscope, 202. Endoscope lens, 203. Endoscope body, 204. Fixing device, 205. Annular socket I, 206. Annular plug, 207. Guidewire hole, 208. Endoscope groove I, 302. Annular socket II, 303. Central internal thread hole, 304. Endoscope latch, 305. Endoscope groove II, 401. Directional tube, 402. Lead screw mechanism, 403. Axial rod, 404. Radial rod, 405. Transmission ring, 406. Universal joint, 407. Fixed guide rod, 408. Transmission disc, 409. Endoscope slot, 410 411. Fixed sleeve; 501. Threaded sleeve; 502. Bubble head fixing ring; 503. Outer bulge sheath; 504. Middle bulge sheath; 505. Grouting port fixer; 506. Guide wire channel; 507. Thin film pressure sensor; 508. Sensor wire; 509. Inner bulge sheath; 601. Bubble tail grouting port; 602. Outer shell; 603. Barbed rod; 604. Inner support rod; 605. Hinge I; 606. Hinge II; 607. One-way valve plate; 608. Rubber valve; 609. Tail ring plug; 610. Rubber ring II; 611. Hinge III; 612. Grouting hole; 613. One-way valve plate end; 614. Inner support rod telescopic hole; 615. Spring. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
[0022] This invention provides a device for repairing micropore-shaped cracks inside dams, the core of which lies in the dual-component design of a guide wire conveying assembly and a crack filling assembly. For example... Figure 1 and 2 As shown, these two components share some core parts and, through sequential operation, achieve the entire process from exploration and navigation to precise repair.
[0023] like Figure 1As shown, the guidewire delivery assembly is used for preliminary exploration and path guidance, and includes: a guidewire 1 serving as a guiding reference throughout the entire process; a fixed-guide endoscope 2 providing visualization of the interior of the crack during delivery, transmitting video signals to an external display in real time; a guidewire direction controller 4 for remotely and precisely controlling the direction of travel of the guidewire 1 in complex cracks; and a sheath 3 serving as a structural carrier for transporting and integrating the aforementioned components.
[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, the crack filling assembly is used for later repair and includes: a guide wire 1 continues as a guide track to ensure the filling assembly reaches the target area along the same path. An expandable bladder 5 acts as the actuator for the filling material, expanding after grout injection to fill and conform to the crack. A solidified grouting valve 6 is used to inject grout into the bladder 5 and has sealing and anti-backflow functions. A solidified endoscope 2 is used during the filling stage to observe the transmission position of the bladder 5 and the tightness of its conformation to the inner wall of the crack after grout expansion. The sheath 3 also serves as a tool for transporting the various components.
[0025] In terms of spatial layout, for the guide wire delivery assembly, the solid-guide endoscope 2 and the guide wire direction controller 4 are positioned in front of the sheath 3, forming a rigid front detection and navigation module. The guide wire 1 passes sequentially from the front end to the rear through the guide wire hole 207 of the solid-guide endoscope 2, the axial centerline of the guide wire direction controller 4, and the central internal thread hole 303 of the sheath 3. For the crack filling assembly, the bladder 5 is provided with a guide wire channel 505 for the guide wire 1 to pass through, achieving accurate positioning; the rear end of the bladder 5 is connected to the outlet of the solid-bladder grouting valve 6 (i.e., the hole through which the guide wire passes) through the bladder tail grouting port 509, the rear end of the solid-bladder grouting valve 6 is connected to the solid-guide endoscope 2, and the rear end of the solid-guide endoscope 2 is connected to the sheath 3. In use, the sheath 3 extends to the ground, and the sheath 3 is pushed into the hole manually or by machine to move the guide wire delivery assembly / crack filling assembly toward the depth of the hole.
[0026] The guide wire 1 is preferably made of a nickel-titanium alloy superelastic wire with a diameter of 1.0 mm. This material possesses two key characteristics: firstly, excellent flexibility, allowing it to bend and move through complex, winding crack paths without permanent plastic deformation or breakage; secondly, shape memory effect, enabling it to automatically return to a straight state after passing through a bend, which helps maintain path stability and facilitates the smooth passage of subsequent components. To further reduce friction, its surface is coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating to reduce the resistance of the sheath 3 and other components when moving on its surface.
[0027] The guide wire direction controller 4 is the core component for achieving precise guidance. For example... Figure 5 , 6As shown in Figure 7, the guide wire direction controller 4 is generally cylindrical in shape. The guide wire direction controller 4 includes: a transmission disc 408 at both ends, and several fixed guide rods 407 arranged around the circumference of the transmission disc 408. Two transmission rings 405 are arranged within a circular channel formed by the fixed guide rods 407. The transmission rings 405 are in contact with each fixed guide rod 407 in an inscribed circle and are connected by a universal joint 406. A deflector tube 401 is arranged between the two transmission rings 405. The deflector tube 401 is cylindrical and concentrically arranged with the transmission rings 405. Three radial rods 404, connected to the deflector tube 401, are evenly arranged around the circumference of each of the two transmission rings 405. Three axial rods 403 are respectively connected to the three radial rods 404 within the two transmission rings 405.
[0028] Three powered lead screw mechanisms are installed on the outer wall of the reversing tube 401. These mechanisms are located between two transmission rings 405. The axial rods 403 serve as the lead screws of these mechanisms, or are coaxially connected to the ends of the lead screws. The reversing tube 401 provides power and control signals to the entire controller. The three lead screw mechanisms 402 are evenly distributed 120° circumferentially on the inner wall of the housing. This arrangement allows the three motors to work collaboratively, each responsible for controlling the deflection of the guide wire in one of three planes: up / down, upper left / lower right, and upper right / lower left, thus achieving adjustment in any direction within space. The transverse rod 403 and radial rod 404 are driven by the lead screw mechanisms 402, converting the rotational motion of the motors into linear motion in the axial direction. The transmission rings 405, transmission disks 408, and universal joints 406 connect the radial rod 404 to the transmission rings 405 and transmission disks 408 via the universal joints 406. By driving the transmission rings 405 to deflect, the direction of travel of the guide wire 1 passing through them can be changed. The endoscope slot 409 is a dedicated slot for accommodating and fixing the fixed-guide endoscope 2. This design allows for precise control of the relative distance and position between the sheath 3 and the fixed-guide endoscope 2, ensuring the stability of the observation field. The fixed guide rod 407 and the fixed sleeve 410 provide support and positioning for the entire transmission system, ensuring the accuracy and overall stability of each transmission component during movement. The threaded sleeve 411 is located at the rear end of the housing and is used for a sealed connection with the threaded interface built into the central internal threaded hole 303 at the front end of the sheath 3, thereby firmly combining the guidewire direction controller 4, the fixed-guide endoscope 2, and the sheath 3 into a rigid, coordinated, and retractable delivery system.
[0029] like Figure 3As shown, the solid-guided endoscope 2 includes an endoscope body 203 and an endoscope lens 202 disposed at its front end. The endoscope body 203 is covered with a polyurethane jacket of flexible steel wire mesh, making it both flexible enough to adapt to the crack path and strong enough to prevent damage. The solid-guided endoscope 2 is connected to the corresponding socket on the fixing sleeve 410 of the guidewire direction controller 4 via a ring plug 206 and locked by the endoscope clip 304 on the sheath 3. This connection method forms a stable integrated configuration of the solid-guided endoscope 2, guidewire direction controller 4, and sheath 3 from front to back, avoiding relative displacement of the components during advancement.
[0030] The structure of the pouch 5 is one of the key innovations of this invention. For example... Figure 8 , 9 As shown in Figures 15 and 16, the bladder is formed by high-frequency heat sealing an outer bladder 502 and a middle bladder 503 into a sandwich structure, which together with the inner bladder 508 forms a double-layer bladder-type bladder. The core of this design is that the grout is injected into the sealed space between the outer bladder 502 and the inner bladder 508 through the grouting port fixer 504 via the bladder tail grouting port 509, without flowing out into the crack through the guide wire channel 505 at the front end, thus achieving controllable filling range. The bladder head fixing ring 501 is located at the front end of the bladder 5 and is a stainless steel ring. Its inner hole forms the guide wire channel 505, providing structural strength to the bladder and ensuring smooth passage of the guide wire. The thin-film pressure sensor 506 laid on the inner wall of the bladder 5 and the sensor wire 507 led out from the inside of the bladder 5 are sealed inside the sandwich structure formed by high-frequency heat sealing, completely isolated from the flowing grout. This arrangement ensures the accuracy of pressure measurements and avoids interference with sensor signals and physical damage caused by the slurry.
[0031] The solid grouting valve 6 is the core component for achieving reliable grouting and sealing. Its structure is as follows: Figure 11 , 12 As shown in Figures 13, 14, 17, and 18, the solidified grouting valve 6 has the following structure: It includes a housing 601, which is an outer ribbed shell, with a barbed rod 602 and an inner support rod 603 disposed inside. The inner support rod 603 is connected to a one-way valve plate 606 via hinges I 604, II 605, and III 611. A rubber valve 607 is provided at the end of the one-way valve plate 606.
[0032] The front end of the barbed rod 602 is connected to the housing 601 via hinge I 604, while the rear end is free. The outer end of the inner support rod 603 is connected to the middle of the barbed rod 602 via hinge II 605, and the inner end is inserted into the middle of the housing 601, connected to a spring. The spring provides outward support force to the inner support rod 603, and the inner support rod 603 provides opening force to the barbed rod 602. The hinge I 604 at the front end of the barbed rod 602 is connected to the housing 601, and its angle of movement is designed not to exceed 60 degrees. This ensures that when the entire solidified grouting valve 6 is pushed forward, the barbed rod 602 is compressed by the inner wall of the hole to accommodate the channel. Once the grouting bag reaches the designated grouting position, grout is injected into the bag. The reaction force generated by the bag's expansion will cause the grouting valve to retract. At this point, the barb rod 602 will have a range of motion exceeding 60 degrees. The barb rod 602 will open and insert into the inner wall of the hole, automatically locking itself against the inner wall of the crack channel to prevent the grouting valve from retracting and ensure the stability of the grouting process. During this process, the inner support rod 603, in conjunction with the inner support rod telescopic hole 614 and the spring 615, adjusts its vertical elevation, playing a buffering and adjusting role and preventing the barb rod 602 from locking prematurely due to minor obstacles.
[0033] Grouting and Sealing Working Principle: During grouting, the guide wire 1 needs to be withdrawn from the assembly first. At this time, the rubber valve 607 closes the guide wire hole (i.e., the grouting channel) under its own elasticity, achieving a liquid-tight seal. This forms a continuous grouting channel from front to back: bladder 5, solid bladder grouting valve 6, solid guide endoscope 2, and sheath 3 (without guide wire 1 inside). When the external grouting equipment is connected to the sheath 3 through a quick connector and grouting pressure is applied, the grout enters the solid bladder grouting valve 6. The grout pressure pushes open the one-way valve plate 606, opening in the reserved space inside the grouting port fixer 504 at the tail end of the bladder, forming the grouting channel. The grout flows into the bladder 5 through the grouting hole 612. At the moment grouting stops, the grout backflow pressure and the restoring force of the spring 615 work together to quickly close the valve plate. With the special anti-backflow structure at the end of the one-way valve plate 613, the valve plate will be stuck on the wall edge of the solid grouting valve, forming a mechanical self-locking mechanism. Together with the rubber valve 607, it will stop the grout from flowing back.
[0034] The connection and sealing of each component are described below: The tail end of the solid grouting valve 6 is equipped with a tail ring plug 608 for insertion into the ring socket II 302 on the sheath tube 3. Rubber rings I 609 and II 610 are provided as sealing elements to ensure the sealing of the connection and prevent grout leakage.
[0035] The solid-guided endoscope 2 includes a cylindrical fixing device 204. The outer surface of the fixing device 204 is recessed with an arc-shaped groove for the endoscope, and an endoscope 201 is disposed in the endoscope groove 208. An endoscope body 203 is disposed at the rear end of the endoscope 201, and an endoscope lens 202 is disposed at the front end of the endoscope 201. The endoscope body 203 is covered with a polyurethane jacket of flexible steel wire mesh.
[0036] The rear end of the solid grouting valve 6 is provided with a tail ring plug 608, and the front end face of the solid guide endoscope 2 is provided with a ring socket I205. The tail ring plug 608 is inserted into the ring socket I205.
[0037] The endoscope body 203 is a slender cylindrical tube. The guide wire direction controller 4 has an arc-shaped endoscope slot 409 axially recessed in the outer shell. The sheath 3 has an endoscope groove II 305 recessed in the front end shell. An endoscope buckle 304 is provided in the endoscope groove II 305. The endoscope body 203 can be locked in the endoscope slot 409 and the endoscope groove II 305 and is securely connected with the endoscope buckle 304.
[0038] A method for repairing micropore-shaped cracks inside a dam includes the following steps: S1 Guidewire Guidance and Positioning: The guidewire delivery assembly (i.e., the assembled guidewire 1, solid guide endoscope 2, guidewire direction controller 4, and sheath 3) is guided into the crack through a pre-drilled micro-invasive hole on the dam surface. The operator remotely controls the various motors of the guidewire direction controller 4 by observing the real-time images transmitted from the solid guide endoscope 2, precisely adjusting the direction of travel of the guidewire 1 to navigate through the complex crack network until the guidewire tip accurately reaches the predetermined target repair area.
[0039] S2 Component Replacement: Keep the guidewire 1 in an absolutely fixed position, treating it as a reliable "track". Then, remove the guidewire delivery assembly (solid guide endoscope 2, guidewire direction controller 4, and sheath 3) from the guidewire 1 as a whole and pull it to the ground. Then, insert the crack filling assembly (pre-assembled bag 5, solid bag grouting valve 6, solid guide endoscope 2, and sheath 3) onto the guidewire along the fixed end of the guidewire 1 located on the ground. Then, push the sheath 3 to allow the crack filling assembly to follow the guidewire 1 to the front end of the guidewire located in the orifice. The bag 5 is accurately delivered to the target crack area determined in stage S1.
[0040] S3 Bag Grouting Filling and Monitoring: After confirming the bag 5 is in place, the guide wire 1 is completely withdrawn from the sheath 3 and the solidified bag grouting valve 6 and pulled to the ground. Then, grout is pumped towards the end of the sheath 3 located on the ground, and the grout flows through the solidified bag grouting valve 6 into the bag 5. During the grouting process, the bag 5 gradually expands and adheres to the inner wall of the crack. This process needs to be observed and verified using a solidified guide endoscope 2 to ensure tight adhesion and no local over-expansion. At the same time, the internal pressure is monitored in real time by a thin-film pressure sensor 506 on the inner wall of the bag, and the grouting process is intelligently controlled based on this pressure feedback. The control system continuously reads the pressure data. When the pressure value rises to a preset threshold (this threshold is usually set through preliminary tests or mechanical calculations, for example, 0.3-0.5 MPa, to ensure good adhesion and leave a safety margin), the grouting pump automatically switches to a low-speed maintenance mode or stops briefly. This ensures that while achieving the best filling effect, it does not cause secondary damage to the dam body due to excessive pressure.
[0041] S4 Withdrawal: After the grout has fully solidified inside the bladder to form a solid filler, pull out the end of the sheath 3 located on the ground. The front end of the solidification endoscope 2 detaches from the solidification bladder grouting valve 6, and the solidification endoscope 2 and sheath 3 are withdrawn. The expanded and solidified bladder 5 and the solidification grouting valve 6 connected to it remain inside the crack as a permanent reinforcing structure, completing the repair.
[0042] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless defined as herein.
[0043] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the inventive concept. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A device for repairing the interior of small holes in a dam, characterized in that, include: The guidewire (1) and guidewire delivery assembly include a solid guide endoscope (2), a guidewire direction controller (4), and a sheath (3). The guidewire (1) passes through the solid guide endoscope (2), the guidewire direction controller (4), and the sheath (3). The solid guide endoscope (2) is located at the foremost end and is used to visualize the detection process. The guidewire direction controller (4) is located between the solid guide endoscope (2) and the sheath (3) and is used to control the direction of travel of the guidewire (1). The sheath (3) extends to the ground and escorts the guidewire (1) forward. The crack filling assembly includes a bladder (5) and a solid bladder grouting valve (6). The axial center of the bladder (5) is through, and the guide wire (1) passes through the axial center of the bladder (5). The axial circumference of the bladder (5) is a cylindrical tube with a double-layer compartment structure. The outer compartment is a fully enclosed structure. A thin film pressure sensor (506) is axially laid in the outer compartment. The front end of the inner compartment is closed, and the rear end is open. The solid bladder grouting valve (6) is located at the rear end of the bladder (5). The guide wire delivery assembly escorts the guide wire (1) to the bottom of the crack, leaving the guide wire (1) in the crack. The solid guide endoscope (2), guide wire direction controller (4) and sheath (3) are pulled back to the ground. Then the crack filling assembly, solid guide endoscope (2) and sheath (3) are sequentially fitted onto the end of the guide wire (1) that is on the ground. The sheath (3) pushes the crack filling assembly and solid guide endoscope (2) to the end of the guide wire (1) at the bottom of the crack.
2. The device for repairing small holes inside dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide wire (1) is a nickel-titanium alloy superelastic wire with a diameter of 0.5~2.0mm.
3. The device for repairing small holes inside dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide wire direction controller (4) is in the shape of a circular tube. The guide wire direction controller (4) includes: a transmission disc (408) at both ends, and a number of fixed guide rods (407) are arranged around the circumference of the transmission disc (408) connecting the two ends. Two transmission rings (405) are provided in the circular channel formed by several fixed guide rods (407). The transmission rings (405) are in contact with each fixed guide rod (407) in the form of an inscribed circle and are connected by a universal joint (406). A deflector tube (401) is provided between the two transmission rings (405). The deflector tube (401) is in the shape of a circular tube and is concentrically arranged with the transmission rings (405). Both transmission rings (405) are evenly provided with three radial rods (404) that are connected to the deflector tube (401) and are connected to the three radial rods (404) in the two transmission rings (405) by three axial rods (403). The outer wall of the reversing tube (401) is provided with three power-driven lead screw mechanisms. The lead screw mechanisms are located between two transmission rings (405). The axial rod (403) is configured as the lead screw of the lead screw mechanism, or is coaxially connected to both ends of the lead screw mechanism.
4. The device for repairing small holes inside dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear end of the bladder (5) is provided with a grouting port fixer (504), which is connected to the bladder grouting valve (6). The solid grouting valve (6) includes: a housing (601), and a plurality of barbed rods (602) are evenly arranged on the outer circumference of the housing (601). The front end of the barbed rods (602) is rotatably connected to the surface of the housing (601). The barbed rods (602) are inclined toward the rear end, and an inner support rod (603) is arranged below them. The lower end of the inner support rod (603) extends into the housing (601) and is connected to a spring (615). The front end of the solid grouting valve (6) is shaped like a frustum, and one or more grouting holes (612) are opened on the frustum surface. A one-way valve plate (606) is provided above the grouting hole (612), the one-way valve plate (606) covers the grouting hole (612) and fits against the frustum surface. One side of the one-way valve plate (606) is connected to the end face of the solid grouting valve (6) through hinge III (611). The one-way valve plate (606) can be rotated open around the hinge III (611). A grouting hole (612) is provided at the axial center of the solid grouting valve (6). The grouting hole (612) is also the guide wire through hole. A rubber valve (607) is provided to close the grouting hole (612) at the front end of the solid grouting valve (6). The rubber valve (607) is punctured in the center so that the guide wire (1) can pass through the puncture. After the guide wire (1) is pulled out, the puncture will shrink and close.
5. The device for repairing small holes inside a dam according to claim 4, characterized in that, The grouting port fixer (504) is in the shape of a round tube. The inner side of the inner compartment opening is the axial center tube of the bag (5), and the outer side is a rigid ring. Multiple radial support rods are arranged between the rigid ring and the axial center tube of the bag (5). The frustum of the front end of the solid grouting valve (6) is inserted into the grouting port fixer (504). The front end of the frustum is connected to the axial center tube of the bag (5). The one-way valve plate (606) faces the opening of the inner compartment without contact. The distance between the one-way valve plate (606) and the radial support rod is greater than the width of the one-way valve plate (606).
6. The device for repairing small holes inside a dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front end face of the sheath (3) is provided with an annular insertion port II (302) and a central internal threaded hole (303). The guide wire direction controller (4) has a fixed sleeve (410) at the front end and a threaded sleeve (411) at the rear end. The threaded sleeve (411) is connected to the central internal threaded hole (303) of the sheath (3). The guide wire passes through the center of the threaded sleeve (411) and the central internal threaded hole (303). The rear end of the fixed endoscope (2) is provided with a ring plug (206), which can be snapped into the ring socket II (302) or inserted into the fixed sleeve (410).
7. The device for repairing small holes inside a dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solid-guided endoscope (2) includes a cylindrical fixing device (204), an endoscope groove I (208) with an arc groove is recessed on the outer surface of the fixing device (204), an endoscope (201) is disposed in the endoscope groove I (208), an endoscope body (203) is disposed at the rear end of the endoscope (201), an endoscope lens (202) is disposed at the front end of the endoscope (201), and the endoscope body (203) is covered with a polyurethane jacket of flexible steel wire mesh.
8. The device for repairing small holes inside a dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear end of the solid grouting valve (6) is provided with a tail ring plug (608), and the front end face of the solid guide endoscope (2) is provided with a ring socket I (205), and the tail ring plug (608) is inserted into the ring socket I (205).
9. The device for repairing small holes inside a dam according to claim 7, characterized in that, The endoscope body (203) is a slender cylindrical tube. The guide wire direction controller (4) has an arc-shaped endoscope slot (409) axially recessed in the outer shell. The sheath (3) has an endoscope groove (305) recessed in the front end shell. An endoscope buckle (304) is provided in the endoscope groove (305). The endoscope body (203) can be locked in the endoscope slot (409) and the endoscope groove (305) and is tightly connected with the endoscope buckle (304).
10. A method for repairing the interior of small holes in a dam based on the equipment described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Guide wire delivery: The guide wire delivery assembly is introduced into the hole of the dam. The direction of the guide wire (1) is adjusted by the guide wire direction controller (4), and the internal condition of the hole is observed by the solid guide endoscope (2) until the tip of the guide wire reaches the bottom of the hole or the target area. Step S2: Pull out the guide wire delivery assembly: Keep the guide wire (1) in the same position, and pull out the solid guide endoscope (2) and guide wire direction controller (4) by pulling the sheath (3). Step S3: Crack filling component placement: From front to back, install the bladder (5), solid grouting valve (6), and solid guide endoscope (2) sequentially on the head of the sheath (3), pass them through the guide wire (1), and push the sheath (3) to guide the crack filling component along the guide wire (1) to the target crack area; Step S4: Pull out the guide wire: Pull out the guide wire (1), the rubber valve (607) contracts and closes, sealing the central through hole of the bag (5), the bag (5), the solid bag injection valve (6), the solid guide endoscope (2) and the sheath (3) remain in the hole, and the axial center of the solid bag injection valve (6), the solid guide endoscope (2) and the sheath (3) form a channel; Step S5: Grouting: Grout is injected into the sheath (3). The grout enters the channel of the solid bag grouting valve (6) and the solid guide endoscope (2) along the sheath (3). At the solid bag grouting valve (6), the pressure pushes open the one-way valve plate (606), and the grout is injected into the bag (5). As the grout increases, the bag (5) expands and adheres to the inner wall of the hole. The changes in the bag (5) after grouting are observed and verified through the solid guide endoscope (2). At the same time, the pressure between the bag (5) and the inner wall of the hole is monitored by the thin film pressure sensor (506). The grouting flow rate and the grouting end time are controlled based on the monitoring screen and pressure feedback data. Step S6: Extract the solid guide endoscope (2) and sheath (3): After the slurry solidifies, extract the solid guide endoscope (2) and the sheath (3). During the outward pulling process, the solid slurry injection valve (6) is pulled outward, and the barb rod (602) abuts against the inner wall of the hole and gets stuck in the hole. Then, after the solid guide endoscope (2) and sheath (3) receive the pulling force, the solid guide endoscope (2) is pulled out from the solid slurry injection valve (6) and is pulled out together with the sheath (3). Step S7: The bladder (5) and the solid bladder injection valve (6) remain in the hole.