Multi-branch-hole water conveying system at top of lock chamber bottom plate
By designing a multi-hole water conveyance system on the top of the lock bottom plate, the problems of complex structure and low flow coefficient of the existing high-head lock water conveyance system are solved, realizing simple, low-cost uniform diversion and efficient water flow management, and ensuring ship safety.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHONGQING JIAOTONG UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing high-head ship lock water conveyance systems are complex in structure, have high construction costs, low flow coefficients, and uneven flow distribution, which is especially evident in water-saving ship locks with water-saving pools.
The design incorporates a multi-branch water conveyance system at the top of the gate chamber floor, including the gate chamber, pressure chamber, and water-saving pool. These components are connected by multiple sets of branch holes, and flow stabilizing columns and energy dissipation covers are installed to ensure uniform water flow, reduce construction costs, and increase the flow coefficient.
It achieves a simple structure, low construction cost, and uniform water diversion effect, improves the flow coefficient, and ensures the stability and safety of ships when passing through.
Smart Images
Figure CN121827296A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of locks, and in particular to a multi-hole water conveyance system at the top of the lock chamber floor. Background Technology
[0002] Traditional high-head ship lock water conveyance systems typically employ an equal-inertia water conveyance system. In this system, the corridors are symmetrically designed along the lock's transverse and longitudinal axes, ensuring symmetrical water flow during dynamic transport; hence, it's also called a dynamic equilibrium system. This design improves flow conditions, ensuring the mooring forces generated are also symmetrical about the axis. Furthermore, the water flow forces acting on ships or fleets occupying a large portion of the lock chamber area cancel each other out, minimizing the stress on the ships.
[0003] While this type of water conveyance system effectively improves flow conditions and achieves high water conveyance efficiency under high head conditions, its complex structural design and high cost make it costly. Furthermore, the gallery needs to be located in the center of the lock chamber to ensure even flow distribution at the diversion point, resulting in significant head loss along the gallery and a low flow coefficient. When applying an iso-inertial water conveyance system to a water-saving lock with a water-saving pool, the gallery layout becomes even more complex, leading to a further reduction in the flow coefficient.
[0004] Therefore, how to design a gate chamber water conveyance system that is simple in structure, low in construction cost, uniform in flow distribution and high in flow coefficient is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a multi-hole water conveyance system at the top of the gate chamber bottom plate, which has a simple structure, low construction cost, high flow coefficient, and uniform flow distribution.
[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a multi-branch water conveyance system at the top of a gate chamber bottom plate, including a gate chamber, a pressure chamber is provided below the gate chamber, a water-saving pool is provided on one side of the gate chamber, the side wall of the pressure chamber is connected to the bottom of the water-saving pool through a corridor, the gate chamber and the pressure chamber are connected by multiple sets of branch holes, the multiple sets of branch holes are evenly spaced along the longitudinal direction of the gate chamber, the branch holes are distributed in a matrix, and an energy dissipation cover is provided above each branch hole.
[0007] The longitudinal centerline of the pressure chamber and the longitudinal centerline of the gate chamber are on the same straight line, the transverse centerline of the pressure chamber and the transverse centerline of the gate chamber are on the same straight line, and the cross-sectional area of the pressure chamber is not less than 70% of the cross-sectional area of the gate chamber.
[0008] The number of corridors is one or more, and the downstream end of one or more corridors is connected to one side wall of the pressure chamber and is evenly spaced along the longitudinal direction.
[0009] The number of the corridors is one, and the downstream end of the corridor is connected to the middle of the side wall of the pressure chamber.
[0010] A flow stabilizing column is arranged in the pressure chamber and corresponds to the downstream end of the corridor.
[0011] The flow stabilizing column comprises a first T-shaped plate, a second T-shaped plate and a third T-shaped plate, a plurality of strip-shaped holes extending in the horizontal direction are arranged in the vertical surface of each T-shaped plate in the height direction, the first T-shaped plate and the third T-shaped plate are distributed on the two sides of the second T-shaped plate, and the height of the second T-shaped plate is greater than the height of the first T-shaped plate and the third T-shaped plate, the middle part of the vertical surface of the second T-shaped plate is provided with a first flow stabilizing plate distributed vertically, and the first flow stabilizing plate extends to the first T-shaped plate and the third T-shaped plate respectively, and the first T-shaped plate, the second T-shaped plate and the third T-shaped plate are connected to form a whole, and the outer vertical surface of the first T-shaped plate and the third T-shaped plate is provided with a second flow stabilizing plate distributed vertically.
[0012] The second T-shaped plate is arranged on the longitudinal central axis of the pressure chamber, and the first T-shaped plate and the third T-shaped plate are symmetrically distributed along the second T-shaped plate.
[0013] At least one water saving pool is connected to the corridor.
[0014] The branch hole is a rectangular hole.
[0015] The above technical scheme has the following beneficial effects: 1. The multi-branch hole water delivery system at the top of the gate chamber bottom plate comprises a gate chamber, the water level of the gate chamber is adjusted to realize the vertical lifting of the ship to cross the water level difference, and the gate chamber serves as a region through which the ship or fleet passes. A pressure chamber is arranged below the gate chamber, a water saving pool is arranged on one side of the gate chamber, the side wall of the pressure chamber and the bottom of the pool of the water saving pool are connected through a corridor, part of the water in the gate chamber is stored in the water saving pool when the water is discharged, and the water saving pool supplements the water in the gate chamber when the water is filled, so that the water is recycled and water saving is achieved. The pressure chamber has a simple structure, small resistance along the way, and can effectively improve the flow coefficient. The gate chamber and the pressure chamber are connected through a plurality of groups of branch holes, the plurality of groups of branch holes are evenly spaced along the longitudinal direction of the gate chamber, and each group of branch holes is arranged in a matrix. In this way, the outflow is symmetrical about the horizontal and vertical axes of the gate chamber, and the branch holes are distributed as much as possible in the entire gate chamber. The water flow entering the pressure chamber through the corridor can be fully diffused, and the water flow uniformly diffused through the branch holes in the range of the gate chamber is discharged through the energy dissipation cover plates arranged above the branch holes, so that the water flow in the pressure chamber is uniformly diffused to the gate chamber through the branch holes, ensuring the stability and safety of the ship when passing through the gate chamber.
[0016] 2、the longitudinal central axis of the pressure chamber and the longitudinal central axis of the gate chamber are on the same line, the transverse central axis of the pressure chamber and the transverse central axis of the gate chamber are on the same line, and the cross-sectional area of the pressure chamber is not less than 70% of the cross-sectional area of the gate chamber, so that the overall symmetry of the structure can be maintained, so that the symmetric pressure chamber flow state is generated when the gallery inflow, so that the symmetric gate chamber outflow flow state is generated, so that the overall dynamic balance condition of the gate chamber is symmetric, and the stress on the ship is small.
[0017] 3、a flow stabilizing column is arranged in the pressure chamber, the flow stabilizing column is arranged in the pressure chamber and corresponds to the downstream end of the gallery, and the flow stabilizing column comprises a first T-shaped plate, a second T-shaped plate and a third T-shaped plate, a plurality of strip-shaped holes extending in the horizontal direction are arranged on the vertical surface of each T-shaped plate in the height direction, the first T-shaped plate and the third T-shaped plate are distributed on the two sides of the second T-shaped plate, and the height of the second T-shaped plate is greater than the height of the first T-shaped plate and the third T-shaped plate, a first flow stabilizing plate vertically distributed is arranged on the middle part of the vertical surface of the second T-shaped plate, and the first flow stabilizing plate extends to the first T-shaped plate and the third T-shaped plate respectively, and the first flow stabilizing plate is connected to form a whole, and a second flow stabilizing plate vertically distributed is arranged on the middle part of the vertical surface of the outer side of the first T-shaped plate and the third T-shaped plate, the flow stabilizing column arranged can avoid the need to increase the plate thickness and reinforcement due to the large-span space of the pressure chamber, reduce the construction cost of the water delivery system, and the flow stabilizing column arranged can also effectively dissipate the water flow entering the pressure chamber, reduce the impact energy of the water flow on the inner wall of the pressure chamber, and divide the water flow entering the pressure chamber through the flow stabilizing column, specifically, the vertical surface arranged on the flow stabilizing column disperses the water flow, and the water flow is combined to impact and dissipate energy, the flow stabilizing column generates a flow guiding effect on the water flow according to the viscous effect of the water flow, prevents the generation of excessively turbulent vortexes, and can effectively improve the efficiency of uniform dispersion of the water flow in the pressure chamber, and further ensure that the water flow fluctuation and flow velocity turbulence of the water flow entering the gate chamber from the pressure chamber are small.
[0018] According to the simulation test of the applicant, compared with the traditional inertial system, the flow coefficient of the gate chamber bottom plate top multi-branch hole water delivery system is increased by 0.151, and the flow stability is better.
[0019] The application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the application; Figure 2 It is a sectional view schematic diagram of the application; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the flow stabilizing column of the application; Figure 4 It is a branch hole position diagram selected in simulation of embodiments 2 and 3 of the application; Figure 5a It is a water delivery system corresponding to the gate chamber of the application Figure 4Flow diagram of the upper part of the branch hole in section a2; Figure 5b For the equal inertia system Figure 4 Flow diagram of the upper part of the branch hole in section a2; Figure 6a For the water delivery system of the present application Figure 4 Flow diagram of the lower part of the branch hole in section a2; Figure 6b For the equal inertia system Figure 4 Flow diagram of the lower part of the branch hole in section a2; Figure 7a Flow diagram of the branch hole of the water delivery system of the present application; Figure 7b Flow diagram of the branch hole of the water delivery system of the present application;
[0021] In the drawing, 1 is the gate chamber, 2 is the pressure chamber, 3 is the water saving pool, 4 is the corridor, 5 is the branch hole, 6 is the energy dissipation cover plate, 7 is the steady flow column, 71 is the first T-shaped plate, 72 is the second T-shaped plate, 73 is the third T-shaped plate, 74 is the strip hole, 75 is the first steady flow plate, and 76 is the second steady flow plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Example 1
[0022] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2, the top of the gate chamber bottom plate is provided with a plurality of branch holes water delivery system, including gate chamber 1, the gate chamber is a conventional design. The lower side of the gate chamber 1 is provided with a pressure chamber 2, one side of the gate chamber 1 is provided with a water saving pool 3, specifically, the longitudinal center axis of the pressure chamber 2 and the longitudinal center axis of the gate chamber 1 are located on the same straight line, the transverse center axis of the pressure chamber 2 and the transverse center axis of the gate chamber 1 are located on the same straight line, and the cross-sectional area of the pressure chamber 2 is not less than 70% of the cross-sectional area of the gate chamber 1, and the water saving pool can be designed as a first level water saving pool, a second level water saving pool and a third level water saving pool according to the need. The side wall of the pressure chamber 2 and the bottom of the water saving pool 3 are connected through the corridor 4, the number of corridors is one or more, the downstream end of one or more corridors is connected with one side wall of the pressure chamber, and is uniformly distributed along the longitudinal direction, that is, the bottom of the multi-stage water saving pool is directly communicated with one side wall of the pressure chamber through the corridor, so that the structure of the corridor can be greatly simplified, and in the embodiment, the number of corridors 4 is one, and the downstream end is connected to the middle of the longitudinal side wall of the pressure chamber 2. The gate chamber 1 and the pressure chamber 2 are communicated through a plurality of groups of branch holes 5, and the plurality of groups of branch holes 5 are uniformly and spacedly arranged along the longitudinal direction of the gate chamber 1, specifically, the number of branch holes is four groups, which are distributed in a 2*12 matrix, and two columns of branch holes are symmetrically distributed along the transverse direction of the gate chamber 1, each branch hole is a rectangular hole with the same specification, and the length of the hole opening of each rectangular hole extends along the transverse direction of the gate chamber, and an energy dissipation cover plate 6 is arranged above each branch hole 5, the energy dissipation cover plate and the hole opening of the branch hole have a spacing height, so that the water flow entering the gate chamber first impacts on the energy dissipation cover plate. A flow stabilizing column 7 is arranged in the pressure chamber 2, corresponding to the downstream end of the corridor, specifically, the flow stabilizing column 7 comprises a first T-shaped plate 71, a second T-shaped plate 72 and a third T-shaped plate 73, a plurality of strip-shaped holes 74 extending in the horizontal direction are spacedly arranged on the vertical surface of each T-shaped plate in the height direction, the first T-shaped plate 71 and the third T-shaped plate 73 are distributed on the two sides of the second T-shaped plate 72, and the height of the second T-shaped plate 72 is greater than the height of the first T-shaped plate 71 and the third T-shaped plate 73, vertical first flow stabilizing plates 75 are arranged on the vertical surface of the second T-shaped plate 72, and the first flow stabilizing plates 75 extend to the first T-shaped plate 71 and the third T-shaped plate 73 respectively, and are connected to form a whole, vertical second flow stabilizing plates 76 are arranged on the outer vertical surface of the first T-shaped plate 71 and the third T-shaped plate 73, the second T-shaped plate is arranged on the longitudinal center axis of the pressure chamber, and the first T-shaped plate and the third T-shaped plate are symmetrically distributed along the second T-shaped plate. Embodiment 2
[0023] By three-dimensional CFD simulation technology, the key period of irrigation, that is, the lowest level water saving pool irrigates the gate chamber, the hydraulic characteristics of the equal inertia system and the water delivery system of embodiment 1 are simulated respectively. By comparing the flow process of the corresponding branch hole, it is shown that the flow longitudinal uniformity and transverse uniformity of the section a2 (the upstream of the gate chamber) far away from the corridor of embodiment 1 are better than those of the equal inertia system, as shown in Figs. Figure 4 , 5a , 5b, 6a, 6b.
[0024] The constant flow is simulated by the three-dimensional CFD model, and the flow coefficients of the equal-inertia system and the valve full opening of the water delivery system of Example 1 when the primary water-saving pool is filled are calculated, which are 0.701 and 0.852 respectively. It is obvious that the efficiency of Example 1 is higher than that of the traditional equal-inertia system. Example 3
[0025] The flow stabilization characteristics of the water delivery system of Example 1 and the water delivery system with the flow stabilizing column selectively removed on the basis of Example 1 are simulated respectively by the three-dimensional CFD simulation technology.
[0026] By comparing the flow processes of the corresponding branch holes, it is shown that the flow of each branch hole in the four sections of Example 1 is balanced, and the flow stabilization is good, while the flow of each branch hole in the four sections of the water delivery system with the flow stabilizing column removed has a large difference, and the flow stabilization is obviously insufficient, as shown in Figs. Figure 4 、 7a 、7b.
[0027] For the arrangement without the flow stabilizing column, the peak flow of each branch hole fluctuates in the range of 3.33-4.31 m3 / s. For the scheme with the flow stabilizing plate, the peak flow of each branch hole fluctuates in the range of 3.34-3.97 m3 / s.
Claims
1. A multi-hole water conveyance system at the top of a gate chamber bottom plate, comprising a gate chamber (1), characterized in that: A pressure chamber (2) is provided below the gate chamber (1), and a water-saving pool (3) is provided on one side of the gate chamber (1). The side wall of the pressure chamber (2) is connected to the bottom of the water-saving pool (3) through a corridor (4). The gate chamber (1) and the pressure chamber (2) are connected by multiple sets of branch holes (5). The multiple sets of branch holes (5) are evenly spaced along the longitudinal direction of the gate chamber (1). Each set of branch holes (5) is distributed in a matrix, and an energy dissipation cover plate (6) is provided above each branch hole (5).
2. The multi-hole water conveyance system at the top of the gate chamber bottom plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal centerline of the pressure chamber (2) and the longitudinal centerline of the gate chamber (1) are on the same straight line, the transverse centerline of the pressure chamber (2) and the transverse centerline of the gate chamber (1) are on the same straight line, and the cross-sectional area of the pressure chamber (2) is not less than 70% of the cross-sectional area of the gate chamber (1).
3. The multi-hole water conveyance system at the top of the gate chamber bottom plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of corridors is one or more, and the downstream end of one or more corridors is connected to one side wall of the pressure chamber and is evenly spaced along the longitudinal direction.
4. The multi-hole water conveyance system at the top of the gate chamber bottom plate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of corridors (4) is one, and the downstream end of the corridor (4) is connected to the middle of the side wall of the pressure chamber (2).
5. The multi-hole water conveyance system at the top of the gate chamber bottom plate according to claim 1, 3, or 4, characterized in that: A flow stabilizing column (7) is provided in the pressure chamber (2), and the flow stabilizing column (7) is located in the pressure chamber at the downstream end of the corridor.
6. The multi-hole water conveyance system at the top of the gate chamber bottom plate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flow stabilizing column (7) includes a first T-shaped plate (71), a second T-shaped plate (72), and a third T-shaped plate (73). Each T-shaped plate has multiple strip holes (74) extending horizontally at intervals along the height direction on its vertical surface. The first T-shaped plate (71) and the third T-shaped plate (73) are distributed on both sides of the second T-shaped plate (72), and the height of the second T-shaped plate (72) is greater than the height of the first T-shaped plate (71) and the third T-shaped plate (73). The middle of both sides of the vertical surface of the second T-shaped plate (72) is provided with vertically distributed first flow stabilizing plates (75), and the first flow stabilizing plates (75) extend to the first T-shaped plate (71) and the third T-shaped plate (73) respectively, connecting to form a whole. The middle of the outer vertical surface of the first T-shaped plate (71) and the third T-shaped plate (73) is provided with vertically distributed second flow stabilizing plates (76).
7. The multi-hole water conveyance system at the top of the gate chamber bottom plate according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second T-shaped plate is set on the longitudinal central axis of the pressure chamber, and the first T-shaped plate and the third T-shaped plate are symmetrically distributed along the second T-shaped plate.
8. The multi-hole water conveyance system at the top of the gate chamber bottom plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corridor (4) is connected to at least one level of water-saving pool.
9. The multi-hole water conveyance system at the top of the gate chamber bottom plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The branch hole (5) is a rectangular hole.