Mining side slope deformable anchor rod structure and pressing support method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of slope reinforcement, in particular to a slope deformable anchor rod structure for mining and a pressing and supporting method thereof. The side slope deformable anchor rod structure for mining comprises a rod piece. The self-adaptive baffle plate structure is mounted on the rod piece; the elastic supporting piece is mounted on the rod piece, further abuts against the self-adaptive baffle plate structure and generates axial elastic extrusion on the self-adaptive baffle plate structure; and the mechanical early warning assembly is installed on the self-adaptive baffle disc structure and the elastic supporting piece, and the self-adaptive baffle disc structure moves relative to the rod piece and can trigger the mechanical early warning assembly. The elastic supporting piece and the self-adaptive baffle disc structure are arranged at the hole opening, so that the anchoring section and the free section of the rod piece form a pure force transmission whole, no matter where the deformation in the side slope occurs, the generated final load must be transmitted to the hole opening through the rod body, and the elastic supporting piece of the hole opening carries out yielding and buffering in a unified mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope reinforcement, and in particular to a deformable anchor structure for mining slopes and its pressure support method. Background Technology

[0002] In engineering projects such as mine slope protection and deep tunnels, traditional rigid anchor bolts often break suddenly when the surrounding rock undergoes large deformations because the stress in the bolt exceeds its yield strength, leading to support failure and catastrophic consequences. To solve this problem, "deformable anchor bolts" have emerged. They can adapt to large deformations of the surrounding rock through controllable deformation of their structure while maintaining high resistance, achieving a balance between "pressure relief" and "support," greatly improving the safety and reliability of the support system.

[0003] Patent No. CN119571813 A describes "an anchor bolt resisting large shear deformation on slopes and its installation method," comprising a free section, a flexible large deformation section, and an anchoring section connected end-to-end. An anchor head is fixedly installed on the free section. The anchoring section is used to fix the anchor bolt end within stable bedrock. The free section is used for through-hole fixation within sliding rock mass. The flexible large deformation section is positioned at the shear deformation zone between the sliding rock mass and the stable bedrock. The flexible large deformation section is connected to the free section and anchoring section via hydraulic jacks with limited tension at both ends. These hydraulic jacks sense hydraulic oil pressure through pressure-sensing valves and are set with limited pressure values. This invention not only effectively improves the anchor bolt's performance by allowing the flexible large deformation section to withstand tensile and shear forces, but also ensures a constant tensile force on the anchor bolt through the limited tension hydraulic jacks.

[0004] However, the following defects and shortcomings still exist in the application implementation process: Further improvements were made to the variable section. However, if the collapsed and compressed area corresponds to the position of the jack, a large tensile force will be generated between the free end of the rod and the tray, increasing the probability of tray damage and thus directly affecting the normal use of the entire anchor bolt.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new deformable anchor structure for mining slopes and its pressure support method to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a deformable anchor structure for mining slopes and its pressure support method.

[0007] The deformable anchor structure for mining slopes provided by this invention includes: rods; An adaptive baffle structure is mounted on a rod and can slide axially relative to the rod. An elastic support member is installed on the rod and also abuts against the adaptive baffle structure, and generates axial elastic compression on the adaptive baffle structure. A mechanical warning component is mounted on an adaptive baffle structure and an elastic support member. Movement of the adaptive baffle structure relative to the rod can trigger the mechanical warning component.

[0008] Preferably, the rod includes a rigid rod, one end of which is welded and fixed with a flexible rod, and the other end of which is welded and fixed with a threaded rod.

[0009] Preferably, the adaptive baffle structure includes a positioning disk, which is coaxially disposed outside the rigid rod, and a mounting base is integrally connected at the center of the positioning disk, and the mounting base is provided with a spherical groove; A spherical connecting seat is movably installed inside the spherical groove to allow the positioning plate to have a certain angular floating amount. The spherical connecting seat has a radial through hole, through which a rigid rod passes and is slidably connected with the spherical connecting seat. A first retaining ring is welded and fixed to one side of the spherical connecting seat.

[0010] Preferably, a reinforcing ring is bolted to one side of the positioning disc, and the reinforcing ring is used to contact the rock surface.

[0011] Preferably, a positioning structure is further provided between the rigid rod and the spherical connecting seat; The positioning structure includes a flange axially disposed on the outer wall of the rigid rod and a groove disposed on the inner wall of the through hole.

[0012] Preferably, the elastic support includes a locking nut, which is threaded onto a threaded rod. A second retaining ring is welded and fixed to one side of the locking nut. A support body sleeved on the rigid rod is also provided on one side of the second retaining ring. One end of the support body acts on the second retaining ring, and the other end acts on the first retaining ring.

[0013] Preferably, the support is a helical spring or a disc spring assembly composed of multiple disc springs stacked together.

[0014] Preferably, the mechanical warning assembly includes a first positioning foot and a second positioning foot, wherein the first positioning foot is bolted to the circumferential surface of the second retaining ring, and the second positioning foot is bolted to the circumferential surface of the first retaining ring; A ring frame is welded and fixed on the second positioning foot. A vertically arranged cylinder is fixed inside the ring frame. The cylinder has an axially sliding piston and a sliding rod for fixing the piston and extending axially to the outside of the cylinder. A third positioning foot is fixed to the other end of the sliding rod. A rotatable support arm is installed between the third positioning foot and the first positioning foot. The cylinder body also has a viewing window on its circumference near the center, through which the piston can be observed.

[0015] Preferably, the piston has three colors from top to bottom: green, yellow, and red, and the sections corresponding to the three colors can all correspond to viewing windows.

[0016] A method for pressure support of mining slopes includes the following steps: S1, Drilling When drilling holes on a slope using a rock drill, the hole depth should ensure that the anchoring section enters the stable rock layer. After drilling is completed, the hole needs to be cleaned. S2, Pole Installation Insert the entire anchoring section and the variable section of the anchor rod into the hole, then put the positioning plate on the rigid rod of the rod to press it against the rock surface, then add a support body to squeeze the positioning plate, and then fasten and position the support body by locking the nut. S3, Anchoring After the installation of the rod is completed, cement mortar is injected into the borehole to fill the entire borehole, thereby stabilizing the anchor structure on the slope structure.

[0017] Compared with related technologies, the deformable anchor bolt structure for mining slopes and its pressure support method provided by this invention have the following beneficial effects: 1. The elastic support and adaptive baffle structure are set at the orifice, so that the anchored section and the free section of the rod become a pure force transmission whole. No matter where the deformation inside the slope occurs, the final load generated must be transmitted to the orifice through the rod, and the elastic support at the orifice will uniformly "yield" and buffer it. 2. In the adaptive baffle structure, the positioning plate is the main support structure. It is designed to be rotatable, so it can adaptively adjust according to the slope of the slope itself, so as to make better contact with the rock surface and improve the anchoring effect of the slope structure. 3. For mechanical early warning components, the axial force of the anchor rod, which is difficult to observe directly, is converted into a clearly visible color signal. That is, when the slope deforms, the pressure is transmitted through the adaptive baffle structure, compressing the elastic support, and then driving the piston to slide in the cylinder. The staff does not need any electronic equipment. They only need to observe the green, yellow and red colors displayed by the piston through the window to judge the status of the anchor rod from a distance, so that the slope structure can be maintained more promptly. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the deformable anchor bolt structure for mining slopes and its pressure support method provided by the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rod shown in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive baffle structure shown in this invention; Figure 4 As shown in this invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic support member shown in this invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic support member shown in this invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical early warning component shown in the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical early warning component shown in the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0019] The labels in the diagram are: 1. Rod; 11. Rigid rod; 12. Flexible rod; 13. Threaded rod; 14. Flange; 2. Adaptive baffle structure; 21. Positioning plate; 22. Mounting base; 23. Spherical groove; 24. Spherical connecting seat; 25. First retaining ring; 26. Slide groove; 27. Reinforcing ring; 3. Elastic support component; 31. Locking nut; 32. Second retaining ring; 33. Support body; 4. Mechanical warning assembly; 41. First positioning foot; 42. Second positioning foot; 43. Ring frame; 44. Cylinder; 45. Viewing window; 46. Piston; 47. Slide rod; 48. Third positioning foot; 49. Support arm. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0021] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0022] Please see Figures 1 to 8The present invention provides a deformable anchor structure for mining slopes and its pressure support method. The deformable anchor structure for mining slopes includes a rod 1, an adaptive retaining plate structure 2, an elastic support 3, and a mechanical early warning component 4.

[0023] For member 1; Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The rod 1 includes a rigid rod 11, one end of which is welded and fixed with a flexible rod 12, and the other end is welded and fixed with a threaded rod 13.

[0024] It should be noted that: for rod 1, it includes rigid rod 11, flexible rod 12 and threaded rod 13 (the other end of flexible rod 12 has an anchoring structure, which is an anchoring section), flexible rod 12 is a variable section, and rigid rod 11 and threaded rod 13 together form a free section.

[0025] For adaptive gear disc structure 2; Please see Figure 3 The adaptive baffle structure 2 includes a positioning plate 21, which is coaxially disposed outside the rigid rod 11. A mounting base 22 is integrally connected at the center of the positioning plate 21. A spherical groove 23 is provided on the mounting base 22. A reinforcing ring 27 is bolted to one side of the positioning plate 21. The reinforcing ring 27 is used to contact the rock surface. A spherical connecting seat 24 is movably installed inside the spherical groove 23 so that the positioning plate 21 has a certain angular floating amount. The spherical connecting seat 24 has a radial through hole, and the rigid rod 11 passes through the through hole and is slidably connected with the spherical connecting seat 24. A first retaining ring 25 is welded and fixed on one side of the spherical connecting seat 24. A positioning structure is also provided between the rigid rod 11 and the spherical connecting seat 24; The positioning structure includes a flange 14 axially disposed on the outer wall of the rigid rod 11 and a groove 26 disposed on the inner wall of the through hole.

[0026] It should be noted that in the adaptive baffle structure 2, the positioning disc 21 is connected to the spherical connecting seat 24 through the mounting seat 22 integrally connected at the shaft center and the spherical groove 23 inside it, which forms a spherical pair connection. This allows the positioning disc 21 to float at a certain angle relative to the rod 1, thereby automatically adapting to the uneven rock surface contour during installation and stress, improving the contact effect with the rock surface, and making the positioning disc 21 more stable. A reinforcing ring 27 is also provided on one side of the positioning plate 21. The reinforcing ring 27 is the main structure in contact with the rock surface. The reinforcing ring 27 can be made of wear-resistant material, which can further improve its service life. The spherical connecting seat 24 is slidably connected to the rigid rod 11 through its radial through hole. The positioning structure between the two, namely, the flange 14 axially disposed on the outer wall of the rigid rod 11 and the groove 26 disposed on the inner wall of the through hole, allows the spherical connecting seat 24 and the first retaining ring 25 welded to it to slide along the axial direction of the rigid rod 11. At the same time, it can position the spherical connecting seat 24 to prevent it from rotating and make it more stable.

[0027] For elastic support 3; Please see Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The elastic support 3 includes a locking nut 31, which is threadedly connected to the threaded rod 13. A second retaining ring 32 is welded and fixed on one side of the locking nut 31. A support body 33 is also provided on one side of the second retaining ring 32 and sleeved on the rigid rod 11. One end of the support body 33 acts on the second retaining ring 32 and the other end acts on the first retaining ring 25. Among them, the support body 33 is a helical spring or a disc spring group composed of multiple disc springs stacked together.

[0028] It should be noted that: the elastic support 3 is the main pressure relief structure, that is, the component consists of a locking nut 31, a second retaining ring 32 and a support body 33. The locking nut 31 is threadedly connected to the threaded rod 13 at the end of the rod to provide stable initial prestress; the second retaining ring 32, which is welded to one side of the locking nut 31, serves as a force transmission component, transferring the tightening force of the nut and the load borne by the rod to the support body 33. The support body 33 is sleeved on the rigid rod 11 and is located between the second retaining ring 32 and the first retaining ring 25. In the initial state, the support body 33 is in a compressed state. The support body 33 is preferably a helical spring or a disc spring assembly composed of multiple disc springs. Both have stable elastic effects. Therefore, when the slope rock mass deformation intensifies and the axial load on the anchor exceeds its initial preload, the support body 33 will be further compressed and undergo controllable elastic or elastoplastic deformation. This process absorbs the huge energy generated by the rock mass deformation on the one hand, and provides a constant resistance with small fluctuations through its nonlinear stiffness characteristics on the other hand.

[0029] For mechanical early warning component 4; Please see Figure 7 and Figure 8 The mechanical warning component 4 includes a first positioning foot 41 and a second positioning foot 42. The first positioning foot 41 is bolted to the circumferential surface of the second retaining ring 32, while the second positioning foot 42 is bolted to the circumferential surface of the first retaining ring 25. A ring frame 43 is welded and fixed on the second positioning foot 42. A vertically arranged cylinder 44 is fixed inside the ring frame 43. The cylinder 44 has an axially sliding piston 46 inside and a sliding rod 47 for fixing the piston 46 and extending axially to the outside of the cylinder 44. A third positioning foot 48 is fixed to the other end of the sliding rod 47. A rotatable support arm 49 is installed between the third positioning foot 48 and the first positioning foot 41. Among them, a viewing window 45 is provided on the circumferential surface of the cylinder 44 near the middle, through which the piston 46 can be observed; Meanwhile, the piston 46 has three colors from top to bottom: green, yellow, and red, and the sections corresponding to the three colors can all correspond to the window 45.

[0030] It should be noted that the mechanical early warning component 4 is used to convert the micro-deformation of the anchor bolt into a more intuitive visual signal, making it easier to monitor the anchor bolt structure in real time. The component uses the first positioning foot 41 and the second positioning foot 42 as two stable action points, which are respectively fixed to the second retaining ring 32 of the elastic support 3 and the first retaining ring 25 of the adaptive retaining disc structure 2. When the rock mass deformation causes the distance between the two retaining rings to change, their relative displacement is converted into the linear motion of the slide rod 47 through the support arm 49 and the third positioning foot 48, thereby driving the piston 46 to produce axial sliding in the vertically set cylinder 44. For piston 46, which is the main display structure, it includes three sections from top to bottom: green, yellow, and red. In the initial state, the green section corresponds to the viewing window 45 on the cylinder 44, indicating that the entire anchor structure is safe to use. When the yellow section corresponds to the viewing window 45, it indicates that the entire anchor structure has deformed, but it can still meet the requirements for use. When the red section corresponds to the viewing window 45, it means that the anchor has reached its bearing limit, and the anchor needs to be adjusted or replaced in time to ensure the stable protection of the slope structure.

[0031] A method for pressure support of mining slopes includes the following steps: S1, Drilling When drilling holes on a slope using a rock drill, the hole depth should ensure that the anchoring section enters the stable rock layer. After drilling is completed, the hole needs to be cleaned. S2, Pole Installation The entire anchoring section and the variable section of the anchor rod are inserted into the hole. Then, the positioning plate 21 is put on the rigid rod 11 of the rod 1 to press it against the rock surface. Then, the support body 33 is added to squeeze the positioning plate 21, and the support body 33 is fastened and positioned by the locking nut 31. S3, Anchoring After the installation of member 1 is completed, cement mortar is injected into the borehole to fill the entire borehole, thereby stabilizing the anchor structure on the slope structure.

[0032] The installation of the rod in step S2 is described in detail below: Insert rod 1 directly into the borehole, ensuring that rigid rod 11 and threaded rod 13 are outside the borehole to facilitate the installation of adaptive baffle structure 2, elastic support 3 and mechanical warning assembly 4. After the rod 1 is placed and positioned, the spherical connector 24 is fitted onto the rod 1. It is necessary to ensure the precise assembly between the flange 14 and the groove 26 until the spherical connector 24 moves to the area of ​​the rigid rod 11, while the reinforcing ring 27 at the other end of it is pressed tightly against the rock surface to achieve effective support. After the installation of the adaptive baffle structure 2 is completed, the support body 33 is also sleeved on the rod 1. Finally, the locking nut 31 is installed on the threaded rod 13. As the locking nut 31 is continuously fed, one end of the support body 33 abuts against the first retaining ring 25 and the other end abuts against the second retaining ring 32 until the support body 33 is compressed, thus achieving optimal support for the adaptive baffle structure 2. At this time, the installation and positioning of the entire anchoring structure are achieved. Finally, the mechanical warning component 4 is installed. The mechanical warning component 4 can be assembled before installation to form a complete mechanism. Then, the first positioning foot 41 and the second positioning foot 42 are respectively installed on the second retaining ring 32 and the first retaining ring 25.

[0033] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mine slope deformable rock bolt structure characterised in that, Include: The rod (1); Self-adapting baffle plate structure (2), the self-adapting baffle plate structure (2) is installed on the rod (1), can be axially slipped relative to the rod (1); Elastic support (3), the elastic support (3) is installed on the rod (1), still abuts against self-adapting baffle plate structure (2), and the self-adapting baffle plate structure (2) generates axial elastic extrusion; Mechanical early warning assembly (4), the mechanical early warning assembly (4) is installed on self-adapting baffle plate structure (2) and elastic support (3), and the self-adapting baffle plate structure (2) moves relative to the rod (1) and can trigger mechanical early warning assembly (4).

2. The mine slope deformable rock bolt structure of claim 1, wherein, The rod (1) includes a rigid rod (11), one end of the rigid rod (11) is welded and fixed with a flexible rod (12), and the other end is welded and fixed with a threaded rod (13).

3. The mine slope deformable rock bolt structure of claim 1, wherein, The self-adapting baffle plate structure (2) includes a positioning disc (21), which is coaxially arranged outside the rigid rod (11), and an installation seat (22) is integrally connected at the axis of the positioning disc (21), and a spherical groove (23) is arranged on the installation seat (22); The spherical groove (23) movably installs a spherical connecting seat (24) inside, so that the positioning disc (21) has a certain angular floating amount, the spherical connecting seat (24) has a through hole in the radial direction, and the rigid rod (11) passes through the through hole and is slidably connected with the spherical connecting seat (24), and a first baffle ring (25) is welded and fixed on one side of the spherical connecting seat (24).

4. The mine slope deformable rock bolt structure of claim 3, wherein, The positioning disc (21) is also bolted with a reinforcing ring (27) on one side, and the reinforcing ring (27) is used to contact the rock surface.

5. The mine slope deformable rock bolt structure of claim 3, wherein, A positioning structure is further arranged between the rigid rod (11) and the spherical connecting seat (24); The positioning structure includes a flange (14) arranged axially on the outer wall of the rigid rod (11), and a sliding groove (26) arranged on the inner wall of the through hole.

6. The mine slope deformable rock bolt structure of claim 1, wherein, The elastic support (3) includes a locking nut (31), which is threadedly connected to the threaded rod (13), and a second baffle ring (32) is welded and fixed on one side of the locking nut (31), and a support body (33) is sleeved on the rigid rod (11) on one side of the second baffle ring (32), one end of the support body (33) acts on the second baffle ring (32), and the other end acts on the first baffle ring (25).

7. The slope deformable rock bolt structure for mining according to claim 6, characterized in that, The support body (33) is a spiral spring or a disc spring group formed by stacking a plurality of disc springs.

8. The mine slope deformable rock bolt structure of claim 1, wherein, The mechanical early warning assembly (4) includes a first positioning foot (41) and a second positioning foot (42), the first positioning foot (41) is bolted to the circumferential surface of the second baffle ring (32), and the second positioning foot (42) is bolted to the circumferential surface of the first baffle ring (25); A ring frame (43) is welded and fixed on the second positioning foot (42), a vertical cylinder (44) is fixed inside the ring frame (43), the cylinder (44) has an axially slidable piston (46) inside, and a slide rod (47) for fixing the piston (46) and extending axially to the outside of the cylinder (44), the other end of the slide rod (47) is fixed with a third positioning foot (48), a rotatable support arm (49) is installed between the third positioning foot (48) and the first positioning foot (41); Wherein, the circumference of the cylinder (44) and the position close to the middle part are also provided with a window (45) for observing the piston (46).

9. The slope deformable rock bolt structure for mining according to claim 8, characterized in that, The piston (46) has three colors from top to bottom, green, yellow and red, and the three color corresponding sections can correspond to the window (45).

10. The method of pressure support of a mining slope according to claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, drilling Use a rock drill to drill holes on the slope, the hole depth should ensure that the anchoring section enters the stable rock layer, and the hole needs to be cleaned after drilling is completed; S2, rod installation Insert the anchoring section and the variable section of the entire anchor rod into the hole, then put the positioning disc (21) on the rigid rod (11) of the rod (1), make it abut against the rock surface, then increase the support body (33) to extrude the positioning disc (21), and fasten and position the support body (33) through the locking nut (31); S3, anchoring After the installation of the rod (1) is completed, cement mortar is injected into the hole to fill the entire hole, so that the anchor rod structure is stable on the slope structure.

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