Automatic head-expanding anchor rod

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to an automatic head expanding anchor rod which comprises an anchor rod body, one end of the anchor rod body is rotationally connected with a first supporting rod through a rotating shaft, and the first supporting rod rotates towards the side close to or away from the anchor rod body; a sliding sleeve is arranged on the anchor rod in a sliding mode, and a second supporting rod is hinged between the sliding sleeve and the first supporting rod. A pulley block is arranged between the end, close to the rotating shaft, of the anchor rod and the sliding sleeve and drives the sliding sleeve to slide in the length direction of the anchor rod. A control assembly is arranged on the anchor rod, the control assembly is connected with the pulley block, and the sliding sleeve is driven by the pulley block to slide towards the end close to the rotating shaft. By means of the technical scheme, in the construction process, automatic end expanding of the anchor rod can be achieved, it is avoided that due to the limited underground operation face, operation is difficult, or equipment high in use cost is used, manpower can be greatly saved, and the construction cost can be greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, and in particular to an automatic head-expanding anchor bolt. Background Technology

[0002] As an important support component in geotechnical engineering, rock bolts play an indispensable role in various engineering constructions. With the rapid development of the global economy, large-scale water conservancy projects, transportation tunnels, and high-rise buildings have posed unprecedented challenges to the stability and safety of geotechnical engineering. Traditional rock bolts have gradually revealed many limitations when facing these complex and demanding engineering scenarios, making it difficult to meet the actual needs of engineering projects.

[0003] In large-scale water conservancy projects, tunnels, slopes, high-rise buildings, and foundation pit support, traditional anchor bolts often experience loosening and breakage due to ground stress, seriously threatening the safe operation of the project. Against this backdrop, to overcome the limitations of traditional anchor bolts, enlarged-head anchor bolts have emerged. By forming an enlarged head structure at the anchoring end, the anchoring effect is significantly improved. Currently, the most common enlargement methods are high-pressure jet enlargement and mechanical enlargement.

[0004] Mechanical borehole enlargement utilizes specialized mechanical devices to compress and cut the soil at the bottom of the anchor hole, thereby enlarging the borehole. However, existing mechanically enlarged anchor bolts require costly mechanical equipment for enlargement, which is difficult and expensive due to limited underground working space. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an automatically enlarging anchor bolt. During construction, the anchor bolt can be automatically enlarged, avoiding difficulties in operation due to limited underground working face or the use of expensive equipment, thus significantly saving manpower and reducing construction costs.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides an automatic expansion anchor bolt, including an anchor bolt, a first support rod rotatably connected to one end of the anchor bolt via a rotating shaft, the first support rod rotating towards or away from the anchor bolt; a sliding sleeve slidably disposed on the anchor bolt, a second support rod hinged between the sliding sleeve and the first support rod; a pulley assembly disposed between the end of the anchor bolt near the rotating shaft and the sliding sleeve, the pulley assembly driving the sliding sleeve to slide along the length of the anchor bolt; a control component disposed on the anchor bolt, the control component being connected to the pulley assembly, and driving the sliding sleeve to slide towards the end near the rotating shaft via the pulley assembly.

[0009] Preferably, the pulley block includes an end plate, a fixed pulley, a movable pulley, and a steel strand; the end plate is fixedly installed on the end of the anchor rod, and the installation position is located at one end close to the rotating shaft; the fixed pulley is fixedly installed on the end plate, and the installation position is located on one side of the end plate close to the sliding sleeve; a mounting seat is integrally formed on the vertical sidewall of the sliding sleeve, and the mounting seat is located on the vertical side away from the second support rod; the movable pulley is rotatably installed on the mounting seat; one end of the steel strand is fixed to the end plate, and the other end of the steel strand passes through the movable pulley and the fixed pulley in sequence to form a connection end point; the connection end point is connected to the control component.

[0010] Preferably, the control assembly includes a first separating circular tube, a second separating circular tube, a compression spring, and an elastic abutment; a first sliding hole is formed in the middle of the first separating circular tube, the anchor rod passes through the first sliding hole, and the diameter of the anchor rod is smaller than the inner diameter of the first sliding hole; the first separating circular tube includes a first cylindrical section, a second cylindrical section, and a connecting cylindrical section; the first cylindrical section and the second cylindrical section have the same diameter, and the diameter is larger than that of the connecting cylindrical section; the connecting cylindrical section is located between the first cylindrical section and the second cylindrical section, the first cylindrical section is located at the end near the end plate, and is fixedly connected to the connecting end of the steel strand; the second cylindrical section is located at the end away from the end plate; the second separating circular tube is connected to the anchor rod. The rod is fixedly connected, and the fixed position is located at the end away from the rotation axis; a locking port is provided on the side wall of the second separating tube; the distance between the end of the second separating tube near the rotation axis and the locking port is less than the length of the connecting cylinder section; the elastic abutment is provided on the side wall of the second separating tube away from the locking port; when the second cylinder section passes the position of the elastic abutment, it can be engaged with the locking port under the elastic force of the elastic abutment; both the first cylinder section and the second cylinder section can slide into the second separating tube; the compression spring is sleeved on the anchor rod, with one end abutting the end plate and the other end abutting the end of the first cylinder section.

[0011] Preferably, a connecting shaft is fixed on the inner wall of the second separating circular tube, and one end of the elastic abutment is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft; the elastic abutment includes a connecting section and an elastic support section; the connecting section is parallel to the inner wall of the second separating circular tube, and one end is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft, and the other end is fixedly connected to the elastic support section; the elastic support section is curved in an arc towards the side closer to the locking port, and the end of the elastic support section away from the connecting section slides against the inner wall of the second separating circular tube, and the abutment position is located on the side away from the locking port.

[0012] Preferably, the anchor bolt includes a first rod segment and a second rod segment. The first rod segment is a hollow anchor bolt, and a second sliding hole is formed on the inner side of the first rod segment. One end of the second rod segment is slidably connected to the second sliding hole. The end of the first rod segment away from the second rod segment is fixedly connected to the end plate, and the end of the second rod segment outside the second sliding hole is fixedly connected to the second separating circular tube.

[0013] Preferably, a threaded hole is formed in the first rod segment at the end of the second sliding hole near the end plate; a threaded rod segment is integrally formed at the end of the second rod segment near the end plate, and the diameter of the threaded rod segment is smaller than the diameter of the second rod segment; when the first rod segment and the second rod segment are shortened to their minimum distance, the threaded rod segment can be threaded into the threaded hole; when the first rod segment and the second rod segment are extended, the second cylindrical segment can slide relative to the second separating cylindrical tube, and can return to the locking port again under the action of the elastic clamping piece.

[0014] Preferably, the second support rod is hinged to the midpoint of the first support rod; a first hinge shaft is provided at the end of the first support rod away from the rotation axis, and a second hinge shaft is provided on the section of the second support rod close to the first support rod, the first hinge shaft, the second hinge shaft and the rotation axis are all parallel to each other; a tension spring is connected between the first hinge shaft and the second hinge shaft, and the tension spring is in a stretched state.

[0015] Preferably, a connecting rod is rotatably provided at the end of the first support rod away from the anchor rod, and when the first support rod rotates and unfolds, the connecting rod rotates and unfolds synchronously.

[0016] Preferably, the connecting rod includes a third support rod and a first tie rod. The third support rod is rotatably connected to the first support rod at a position on the first hinge axis. One end of the third support rod near the first hinge axis extends to form a first extension rod. The first extension rod and the third support rod are located on opposite sides of the first hinge axis. The first tie rod is rotatably connected to the extension rod, and the other end of the first tie rod is rotatably connected to the second hinge axis.

[0017] Preferably, the connecting rod further includes a fourth support rod and a second tie rod; the third support rod has a third hinge shaft at one end away from the first hinge shaft, and the third hinge shaft is parallel to the first hinge shaft; one end of the fourth support rod is rotatably connected to the third support rod through the third hinge shaft; the end of the fourth support rod near the third hinge shaft extends to form a second extension rod; one end of the second tie rod is rotatably connected to the second extension rod, and the other end is rotatably connected to the first support rod, and the connection position is located on the rod segment of the first support rod near the first hinge shaft at the midpoint.

[0018] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0019] This invention provides an automatically expanding anchor bolt. Through a pulley system, control components, and rotatably connected first and second support rods and connecting rods mounted on the anchor bolt, automatic expansion is achieved during construction. This avoids difficulties in operation due to limited underground working face or the use of expensive equipment, significantly saving manpower and reducing construction costs. Furthermore, through the folding automatic expansion effect of the first and second support rods and connecting rods at the ends, the anchor bolt's stress pattern changes from a single shear and tension stress to a combination of compression and shear stress, greatly improving its pull-out resistance.

[0020] This application utilizes an expanded head formed by a first support rod, a second support rod, and connecting rods. Compared to existing anchor rods, this expands the front end of the anchor rod by compressing the soil to form a dense geological structure. The expanded end is reinforced by grouting inside the anchor rod, requiring less grout and increasing bearing capacity. The frictional resistance between the anchor rod body and the grout is also greater, effectively solving the problem of insufficient anchoring force.

[0021] Secondly, this type of enlarged head anchor bolt can significantly increase the horizontal spacing of anchor bolts per unit area, greatly reduce the number of anchor bolts, and under the same pull-out force, it also helps to shorten the length of a single anchor bolt rebar, save the number of anchor bolt rebars, and reduce the construction cost of the anchor bolt foundation.

[0022] Finally, this device can significantly improve the pull-out resistance and support effect of anchor bolts. It has a simple structure, which can greatly save engineering material costs. It is widely applicable to support engineering projects such as foundation pit engineering, tunnels, water conservancy projects, and roadway engineering. It has a wide range of applications, greatly improves safety reserves, and has significant social and economic benefits and engineering application prospects.

[0023] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of an automatic head-expanding anchor bolt according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of an automatically enlarging anchor bolt according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pulley system of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram highlighting the control components of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram highlighting the connecting rod of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the state of the anchor bolts after construction, highlighting the features of this invention.

[0029] Marked in the attached diagram:

[0030] 100, Anchor bolt; 110, First rod segment; 111, Second sliding joint hole; 112, Threaded hole; 120, Second rod segment; 121, Threaded rod segment; 200, First support rod; 210, Rotating shaft; 220, First hinge shaft; 300, Sliding sleeve; 310, Mounting base; 400, Second support rod; 410, Second hinge shaft; 420, Tension spring; 500, Pulley block; 510, End plate; 520, Fixed pulley; 530, Movable pulley; 540, Steel strand; 600, Control assembly; 610, First separating circular tube; 611, First sliding joint hole; 612, ... 613. Second cylindrical section; 614. Connecting cylindrical section; 620. Second separating cylindrical tube; 621. Fixing plate; 622. Locking port; 630. Compression spring; 640. Elastic clamping plate; 641. Connecting shaft; 642. Connecting section; 643. Elastic support section; 700. Connecting rod; 710. Third support rod; 711. First extension rod; 712. Third hinge shaft; 720. First tie rod; 730. Fourth support rod; 731. Second extension rod; 740. Second tie rod; 800. Support plate; 900. Rock and soil mass; 910. Enlarged head hole. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example

[0033] This invention provides an automatic head-expanding anchor bolt, see [link / reference] Figures 1 to 3 It includes an anchor bolt 100, and a first support rod 200 is rotatably connected to one end of the anchor bolt 100 via a rotating shaft 210. The first support rod 200 rotates toward or away from the anchor bolt 100. When the first support rod 200 rotates toward the end closer to the anchor bolt 100, it is in a retracted state. When the first support rod 200 rotates toward the end away from the anchor bolt 100, the anchor bolt 100 expands.

[0034] A sliding sleeve 300 is slidably mounted on the anchor bolt 100, and a second support rod 400 is hinged between the sliding sleeve 300 and the first support rod 200. When the sliding sleeve 300 moves along the length of the anchor bolt 100, it drives the second support rod 400 to move and rotate. Specifically, when the sliding sleeve 300 moves towards the end closer to the rotation shaft 210, the second support rod 400 moves simultaneously towards the end closer to the rotation shaft 210. During this process, it drives the first support rod 200 to unfold away from the anchor bolt 100. Correspondingly, when the sliding sleeve 300 moves away from the rotation shaft 210, the second support rod 400 moves away from the rotation shaft 210, and the first support rod 200 retracts towards the side closer to the anchor bolt 100.

[0035] In one embodiment, two sets of first support rods 200 and second support rods 400 are symmetrically arranged on the sliding sleeve 300.

[0036] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 A pulley block 500 is provided between the end of the anchor rod 100 near the rotating shaft 210 and the sliding sleeve 300. The pulley block 500 drives the sliding sleeve 300 to slide along the length of the anchor rod 100.

[0037] A control component 600 is provided on the anchor rod 100. The control component 600 is connected to the pulley block 500, and the pulley block 500 drives the sliding sleeve 300 to slide towards the end closer to the rotating shaft 210. When the control component 600 controls the sliding sleeve 300 to move towards the end closer to the rotating shaft 210, the first support rod 200 can be expanded.

[0038] Specifically, the pulley block 500 includes an end plate 510, a fixed pulley 520, a movable pulley 530, and a steel strand 540.

[0039] The end plate 510 is fixedly installed at the end of the anchor rod 100, and the installation position is located at the end of the anchor rod 100 near the rotating shaft 210; wherein, the end plate 510 is U-shaped, and the rotating shaft 210 and the fixed pulley 520 are both installed on the inner side of the end plate.

[0040] The fixed pulley 520 is fixedly installed on the end plate 510, and the installation position is located on the side of the end plate 510 near the sliding sleeve 300. A mounting seat 310 is integrally formed on the vertical side wall of the sliding sleeve 300, and the mounting seat 310 is located on the vertical side away from the second support rod 400; the movable pulley 530 is rotatably installed on the mounting seat 310. It can be understood that on the side near the second support rod 400, the second support rod 400 is installed to cooperate with the first support rod 200, and on the other side, the movable pulley 530 is fixed by setting the mounting seat 310.

[0041] It is understandable that when two sets of first support rods 200 and second support rods 400 are symmetrically arranged, the mounting base 310 is located on the side wall between the two second support rods 400, that is, the two do not interfere with each other.

[0042] One end of the steel strand 540 is fixed to the end plate 510, and the other end of the steel strand 540 passes through the movable pulley 530 and the fixed pulley 520 in sequence to form a connection end point; the connection end point is connected to the control component 600. The control component moves the connection end point. When the connection end point moves away from the rotation shaft 210, the steel strand 540 drives the movable pulley 530 to move closer to the rotation shaft 210, which in turn drives the sliding sleeve 300 to move closer to the rotation shaft 210. Conversely, when the connection end point moves closer to the rotation shaft 210, the movable pulley 530 moves away from the rotation shaft 210, and the sliding sleeve 300 can then move away from the rotation shaft 210. It should be noted that the purpose of the pulley block 500 and the control component 600 is to drive the sliding sleeve 300 to move away from the rotating shaft 210. As long as the sliding sleeve 300 moves away from the rotating shaft 210, the first support rod 200 can be unfolded, thus achieving the purpose of expanding the anchor rod 100.

[0043] See Figure 2 and Figure 4 The control component 600 includes a first separating tube 610, a second separating tube 620, a compression spring 630, and an elastic abutment plate 640.

[0044] A first sliding hole 611 is formed in the middle of the first separating circular tube 610. The anchor rod 100 passes through the first sliding hole 611, and the diameter of the anchor rod 100 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first sliding hole 611. That is, the first separating circular tube 610 can be displaced relative to the anchor rod 100 in the radial direction.

[0045] The first separating cylindrical tube 610 includes a first cylindrical section 612, a second cylindrical section 613, and a connecting cylindrical section 614; the first cylindrical section 612 and the second cylindrical section 613 have the same diameter, and the diameter of the first cylindrical section 612 is larger than that of the connecting cylindrical section 614; the connecting cylindrical section 614 is located between the first cylindrical section 612 and the second cylindrical section 613, the first cylindrical section 612 is located at the end closer to the end plate 510, and is fixedly connected to the connection end of the steel strand 540; the second cylindrical section 613 is located at the end away from the end plate 510.

[0046] The second separating circular tube 620 is fixedly connected to the anchor rod 100, and the fixed position is located at the end away from the rotating shaft 210; specifically, a fixing plate 621 is fixedly provided between the anchor rod 100 and the second separating circular tube 620, and the fixing plate 621 is located at the end of the second separating circular tube 620 away from the first separating circular tube 610.

[0047] A locking port 622 is provided on the side wall of the second separating tube 620; the distance between the end of the second separating tube 620 near the rotating shaft 210 and the locking port 622 is less than the length of the connecting cylindrical section 614; it can be understood that, through the above-mentioned limitation of size, when the second cylindrical section 613 is engaged in the locking port 622, the first cylindrical section 612 is located outside the second separating tube 620, and therefore, the first cylindrical section 612 will not affect the action of the second cylindrical section 613 being engaged in the locking port 622.

[0048] An elastic abutment 640 is provided on the side wall inside the second separating tube 620 and located away from the locking port 622. When the second cylindrical section 613 passes the position of the elastic abutment, it can engage with the locking port 622 under the elastic force of the elastic abutment 640. At the same time, as the second cylindrical section 613 continues to slide into the second separating tube 620, both the first cylindrical section 612 and the second cylindrical section 613 can slide into the second separating tube 620. At this time, the connecting end of the steel strand 540 will move away from the rotating shaft 210. During this process, the sliding sleeve 300 will move upward.

[0049] A compression spring 630 is sleeved on the anchor rod 100, with one end abutting against the end plate 510 and the other end abutting against the end of the first cylindrical section 612. When the second cylindrical section 613 is not engaged in the locking port 622, the compression spring 630 applies an elastic force to the end of the first cylindrical section 612, causing the first separating cylindrical tube 610 to move as a whole away from the rotating shaft 210.

[0050] A connecting shaft 641 is fixed on the inner wall of the second separating circular tube 620, and one end of the elastic abutment 640 is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft 641.

[0051] The elastic clamping piece 640 includes a connecting section 642 and an elastic support section 643. The connecting section 642 is parallel to the inner wall of the second separating circular tube 620, with one end fixedly connected to the connecting shaft 641 and the other end fixedly connected to the elastic support section 643. The elastic support section 643 is curved in an arc towards the side near the locking port 622, and the end of the elastic support section 643 away from the connecting section 642 slides against the inner wall of the second separating circular tube 620, with the abutment position located away from the locking port 622. When the first cylindrical section 612 passes the elastic clamping piece 640, under the elastic action of the elastic clamping piece 640, it can be shifted towards the locking port 622 until it engages with the locking port 622. Similarly, when the second cylindrical section 613 engages with the locking port 622, the elastic clamping piece 640 can prevent it from disengaging from the locking port 622. When it is necessary to disengage, the operator pushes the second cylindrical section 613 back into the second separating tube 620 through the locking port 622, so that the first separating tube 610 can continue to slide along the second separating tube 620.

[0052] In one embodiment, the anchor rod 100 is a telescopic anchor rod, comprising a first rod segment 110 and a second rod segment 120. The first rod segment 110 is a hollow anchor rod, and the second rod segment 120 is not limited thereto. A second sliding hole 111 is formed on the inner side of the first rod segment 110; one end of the second rod segment 120 slides into the second sliding hole 111; the end of the first rod segment 110 away from the second rod segment 120 is fixedly connected to the end plate 510, and the end of the second rod segment 120 outside the second sliding hole 111 is fixedly connected to the second separating cylindrical tube 620. The telescopic anchor rod 100 allows for adjustment of the overall length of the anchor rod 100. Furthermore, when the second cylindrical segment 613 misses the locking port 622 and continues to slide away from the rotation axis 210, by further stretching the second rod segment 120, the second cylindrical segment 613 can move in the opposite direction until it returns to the locking port 622.

[0053] A threaded hole 112 is formed within the first rod segment 110 and at the end of the second sliding hole 111 near the end plate 510. A threaded rod segment 121 is integrally formed at the end of the second rod segment 120 near the end plate 510, and the diameter of the threaded rod segment 121 is smaller than the diameter of the second rod segment 120. When the first rod segment 110 and the second rod segment 120 are shortened to their minimum distance, the threaded rod segment 121 can be threaded into the threaded hole 112; at this time, the first rod segment 110 and the second rod segment 120 are fixed and will not slide relative to each other. It should be noted that when the two are relatively fixed, when the second cylindrical segment 613 is engaged in the locking port 622, the compression spring 630 can be in a compressed state, which has sufficient elastic force. When the second cylindrical segment 613 disengages from the locking port 622, it can push the first cylindrical segment 612 to continue to move downward, and at the same time, it causes the sliding sleeve 300 to move upward, that is, to move towards the end near the rotating shaft 210.

[0054] When the first rod segment 110 and the second rod segment 120 extend relative to each other, the second cylindrical segment 613 can slide relative to the second separating cylindrical tube 620, and can return to the locking port 622 again under the action of the elastic clamping piece 640.

[0055] After the first support rod 200 is rotated open, it can automatically close. That is, when the pulley block 500 and the control component 600 remove the limit on the sliding sleeve 300, that is, when the sliding sleeve 300 can slide downward, the first support rod can automatically close.

[0056] See Figure 2 and Figure 5 Specifically, the second support rod 400 is hinged to the midpoint of the first support rod 200.

[0057] A first hinge shaft 220 is provided at the end of the first support rod 200 away from the rotation shaft 210, and a second hinge shaft 410 is provided on the section of the second support rod 400 near the first support rod 200. The first hinge shaft 220, the second hinge shaft 410, and the rotation shaft 210 are all parallel to each other. A tension spring 420 is connected between the first hinge shaft 220 and the second hinge shaft 410, and the tension spring 420 is in a stretched state. Due to the elastic tension of the tension spring 420, the second support rod 400 tends to rotate towards the end away from the rotation shaft 210. Consequently, when the sliding sleeve 300 is not restricted, the lower end of the second support rod 400, i.e., the sliding sleeve 300 end, will slide downwards. During this process, the first support rod 200 will be retracted.

[0058] In one embodiment, a connecting rod 700 is rotatably provided at the end of the first support rod 200 away from the anchor rod 100. When the first support rod 200 rotates and unfolds, the connecting rod 700 rotates and unfolds synchronously. The connecting rod 700 increases the distance of the expanded head of the anchor rod 100 during unfolding.

[0059] Specifically, the connecting rod 700 includes a third support rod 710 and a first tie rod 720. The third support rod 710 is rotatably connected to the first support rod 200 at the position of the first hinge axis 220. The end of the third support rod 710 near the first hinge axis 220 extends to form a first extension rod 711. The first extension rod 711 and the third support rod 710 are located on both sides of the first hinge axis 220.

[0060] A first tie rod 720 is rotatably connected to the extension rod, and the other end of the first tie rod 720 is rotatably connected to the second hinge shaft 410. When the first support rod 200 and the second support rod 400 rotate, the force is transmitted through the first tie rod 720, which drives the third support rod 710 to expand or close synchronously.

[0061] In one embodiment, the connecting rod 700 further includes a fourth support rod 730 and a second tie rod 740.

[0062] The third support rod 710 has a third hinge shaft 712 at one end away from the first hinge shaft 220, and the third hinge shaft 712 is parallel to the first hinge shaft 220. One end of the fourth support rod 730 is rotatably connected to the third support rod 710 through the third hinge shaft 712.

[0063] The fourth support rod 730 extends to form a second extension rod 731 at one end near the third hinge shaft 712. One end of the second tie rod 740 is rotatably connected to the second extension rod 731, and the other end is rotatably connected to the first support rod 200. The connection position is located on the segment of the first support rod 200 near the first hinge shaft 220 at the midpoint of the first support rod 200. When the first support rod 200 and the third support rod simultaneously extend away from the anchor rod 100 or close towards the anchor rod 100, the second tie rod 740 drives the fourth support rod 730 to simultaneously extend or close.

[0064] Combination Figure 6 This invention provides an automatic expanding anchor bolt 100. During construction, an expanding hole 910 is first excavated on the side of the soil and rock mass 900 according to the actual project. Then, the anchor bolt 100 in the retracted state is inserted into the hole. When it reaches the designated position, the second cylindrical section 613 is controlled to disengage from the locking port 622. As a result, the elastic potential energy of the compression spring 630 is released. Under the action of the compression spring 630, the second cylindrical section 613 slides away from the end plate 510. During the sliding process, the sliding sleeve 300 is driven to slide closer to the end plate 510 by the steel strand 540. As a result, the hinge end between the second support rod 400 and the sliding sleeve 300 slides synchronously. During this process, the first support rod 200, the third support rod 710 and the fourth support rod 730 are pushed to unfold, and the anchor bolt 100 forms an expanding body, realizing automatic expanding.

[0065] After automatic enlargement, the enlarged end of the anchor rod 100 is reinforced by internal grouting, followed by concrete pouring and curing. The outer end is connected to the support plate 800, and the inner side is integrally cast with the soil and rock mass 900, forming a support component with the support plate 800 to perform its support function. Compared with existing technologies, this application results in greater frictional resistance between the anchor rod 100 and the grout after grouting, leading to stronger bearing capacity and effectively solving the problem of insufficient anchoring force. It is particularly suitable for pile foundation engineering of anti-buoyancy anchor rods 100 in soft soil strata, including gravelly and silty soil layers that are prone to collapse.

[0066] In summary, the present invention provides an automatically expanding anchor bolt 100. Through the pulley block 500, control component 600, and rotatably connected first support rod 200, second support rod 400, and connecting rod 700 mounted on the anchor bolt 100, automatic expansion is achieved during construction. This avoids difficulties in operation due to limited underground working face or the use of expensive equipment, significantly saving manpower and reducing construction costs. Furthermore, through the folding automatic expansion effect of the first support rod 200, second support rod 400, and connecting rod 700 at the ends, the anchor bolt 100 can be transformed from a single shear and tension stress form to a combined compression and shear stress form, significantly improving the pull-out resistance of the anchor bolt 100.

[0067] This application utilizes the expanded head formed by the first support rod 200, the second support rod 400, and the connecting rod 700. Compared to the existing anchor rod 100, the front end of the anchor rod 100, which opens outwards, compresses the soil to form a dense geological structure. The expanded end of the anchor rod 100 is reinforced by grouting, requiring less grouting and increasing bearing capacity. The frictional resistance between the anchor rod 100 and the grout is also greater, effectively solving the problem of insufficient anchoring force.

[0068] Secondly, this type of enlarged head anchor 100 can significantly increase the horizontal spacing of anchor 100 per unit area, greatly reduce the number of anchor 100s, and under the same pull-out force, it also helps to shorten the length of a single anchor 100 rebar, save the number of anchor 100 rebars, and reduce the construction cost of the anchor 100 foundation.

[0069] Finally, this device can significantly improve the pull-out resistance and support effect of anchor bolts, and its simple structure can greatly save engineering material costs. It is widely applicable to support projects such as foundation pit engineering, tunnels, water conservancy projects, and roadway engineering. It has a wide range of applications, greatly improves safety reserves, and has significant social and economic benefits and engineering application prospects.

[0070] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," "front," and "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0071] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. Without conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this invention can be combined with each other.

[0072] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of implementation methods of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An automatic head-expanding anchor bolt, characterized in that, Includes an anchor rod (100), and a first support rod (200) is rotatably connected to one end of the anchor rod (100) via a rotating shaft (210). The first support rod (200) rotates toward or away from the anchor rod (100). A sliding sleeve (300) is slidably disposed on the anchor rod (100), and a second support rod (400) is hinged between the sliding sleeve (300) and the first support rod (200). A pulley block (500) is provided between one end of the anchor rod (100) near the rotating shaft (210) and the sliding sleeve (300), and the pulley block (500) drives the sliding sleeve (300) to slide along the length direction of the anchor rod (100); A control component (600) is provided on the anchor rod (100). The control component (600) is connected to the pulley group (500) and drives the sliding sleeve (300) to slide towards the end close to the rotating shaft (210) through the pulley group (500).

2. The automatic head-expanding anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulley block (500) includes an end plate (510), a fixed pulley (520), a movable pulley (530), and a steel strand (540). The end plate (510) is fixedly installed at the end of the anchor rod (100), and the installation position is located at one end close to the rotating shaft (210); The fixed pulley (520) is fixedly installed on the end plate (510), and the installation position is located on the side of the end plate (510) near the sliding sleeve (300); A mounting base (310) is integrally formed on the vertical side wall of the sliding sleeve (300), and the mounting base (310) is located on the vertical side away from the second support rod (400); the movable pulley (530) is rotatably mounted on the mounting base (310); One end of the steel strand (540) is fixed to the end plate (510), and the other end of the steel strand (540) passes through the movable pulley (530) and the fixed pulley (520) in sequence to form a connection end point; the connection end point is connected to the control component (600).

3. The automatic head-expanding anchor bolt according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control assembly (600) includes a first separating tube (610), a second separating tube (620), a compression spring (630), and an elastic abutment plate (640). A first sliding joint hole (611) is formed in the middle of the first separating circular tube (610), the anchor rod (100) passes through the first sliding joint hole (611), and the diameter of the anchor rod (100) is smaller than the inner diameter of the first sliding joint hole (611); The first separating cylindrical tube (610) includes a first cylindrical section (612), a second cylindrical section (613), and a connecting cylindrical section (614); the first cylindrical section (612) and the second cylindrical section (613) have the same diameter, and the diameter is larger than that of the connecting cylindrical section (614); the connecting cylindrical section (614) is located between the first cylindrical section (612) and the second cylindrical section (613); the first cylindrical section (612) is located at one end closer to the end plate (510) and is fixedly connected to the connection end of the steel strand (540); the second cylindrical section (613) is located at one end away from the end plate (510); The second separating circular tube (620) is fixedly connected to the anchor rod (100), and the fixed position is located at one end away from the rotating shaft (210); A locking port (622) is provided on the side wall of the second separating circular tube (620); The distance between the end of the second separating tube (620) near the rotating shaft (210) and the locking port (622) is less than the length of the connecting tube section (614); The elastic abutment piece (640) is provided on the side wall inside the second separating tube (620) and located away from the locking port (622); when the second cylindrical section (613) passes the position of the elastic abutment piece, it can be engaged with the locking port (622) under the elastic force of the elastic abutment piece (640); Both the first cylindrical section (612) and the second cylindrical section (613) can slide into the second separating cylindrical tube (620); The compression spring (630) is sleeved on the anchor rod (100), with one end abutting the end plate (510) and the other end abutting the end of the first cylindrical section (612).

4. The automatic head-expanding anchor bolt according to claim 3, characterized in that, A connecting shaft (641) is fixed on the inner wall of the second separating circular tube (620), and one end of the elastic abutment (640) is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft (641); The elastic clamping piece (640) includes a connecting section (642) and an elastic support section (643); the connecting section (642) is parallel to the inner wall of the second separating circular tube (620), and one end is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft (641), and the other end is fixedly connected to the elastic support section (643). The elastic support section (643) bends in an arc shape toward the side closer to the locking port (622), and the end of the elastic support section (643) away from the connecting section (642) slides against the inner wall of the second separating round tube (620), and the abutment position is located on the side away from the locking port (622).

5. An automatic head-expanding anchor bolt according to claim 3, characterized in that, The anchor rod (100) includes a first rod segment (110) and a second rod segment (120). The first rod segment (110) is a hollow anchor rod (100), and a second sliding hole (111) is formed on the inner side of the first rod segment (110). One end of the second rod segment (120) is slidably connected to the second sliding hole (111). The end of the first rod segment (110) away from the second rod segment (120) is fixedly connected to the end plate (510), and the end of the second rod segment (120) outside the second sliding hole (111) is fixedly connected to the second separating round tube (620).

6. An automatic head-expanding anchor bolt according to claim 5, characterized in that, A threaded hole (112) is formed in the first rod segment (110) and at the end of the second sliding hole (111) near the end plate (510); a threaded rod segment (121) is integrally formed at the end of the second rod segment (120) near the end plate (510), and the diameter of the threaded rod segment (121) is smaller than the diameter of the second rod segment (120); When the first rod segment (110) and the second rod segment (120) are shortened to the minimum distance, the threaded rod segment (121) can be threaded into the threaded hole (112); When the first rod segment (110) and the second rod segment (120) extend, the second cylindrical segment (613) can slide relative to the second separating cylindrical tube (620) and can return to the locking port (622) again under the action of the elastic abutment piece (640).

7. An automatic head-expanding anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second support rod (400) is hinged to the midpoint of the first support rod (200); A first hinge shaft (220) is provided at the end of the first support rod (200) away from the rotation shaft (210), and a second hinge shaft (410) is provided on the section of the second support rod (400) close to the first support rod (200). The first hinge shaft (220), the second hinge shaft (410) and the rotation shaft (210) are all parallel to each other. A tension spring (420) is connected between the first hinge shaft (220) and the second hinge shaft (410), and the tension spring (420) is in a stretched state.

8. An automatic head-expanding anchor bolt according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first support rod (200) has a connecting rod (700) rotatably mounted at one end away from the anchor rod (100). When the first support rod (200) rotates and unfolds, the connecting rod (700) rotates and unfolds synchronously.

9. An automatic head-expanding anchor bolt according to claim 8, characterized in that, The connecting rod (700) includes a third support rod (710) and a first tie rod (720). The third support rod (710) is rotatably connected to the first support rod (200) at the position of the first hinge axis (220). The third support rod (710) extends to form a first extension rod (711) at one end near the first hinge axis (220). The first extension rod (711) and the third support rod (710) are located on both sides of the first hinge axis (220). The first tie rod (720) is rotatably connected to the extension rod, and the other end of the first tie rod (720) is rotatably connected to the second hinge shaft (410).

10. An automatic head-expanding anchor bolt according to claim 9, characterized in that, The connecting rod (700) also includes a fourth support rod (730) and a second tie rod (740); The third support rod (710) has a third hinge shaft (712) at one end away from the first hinge shaft (220), and the third hinge shaft (712) is parallel to the first hinge shaft (220). One end of the fourth support rod (730) is rotatably connected to the third support rod (710) through the third hinge shaft (712). The fourth support rod (730) extends to form a second extension rod (731) at one end near the third hinge shaft (712). One end of the second tie rod (740) is rotatably connected to the second extension rod (731), and the other end is rotatably connected to the first support rod (200). The connection position is located on the rod segment of the first support rod (200) near the midpoint of the first hinge shaft (220).

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