Lubricating system of gearbox and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a lubricating system of a gearbox and a vehicle. The lubricating system of the gearbox comprises a shell; the transmission assembly is arranged in the shell; the lubricating oil channel is formed in the wall body of the shell; the oil spraying opening is formed in the surface of the shell and communicates with the lubricating oil channel, and the oil spraying opening is configured to provide lubricating oil for a to-be-lubricated part in the transmission assembly; and the electronic pump is installed on the shell and communicates with the lubricating oil channel, and the electronic pump is configured to provide power so that the lubricating oil can enter the lubricating oil channel and is conveyed to a to-be-lubricated part through the oil spraying opening. The whole lubricating system is of an integrated structure formed by the shell, the lubricating oil channel formed in the wall body of the shell and the oil spraying opening, and the problems of oil pipe resonance, connection loosening, even falling and the like caused by vibration can be effectively avoided; and oil pipe accessories and related fastening and sealing parts are omitted, the number of parts of the gearbox is reduced, the assembly process is simplified, and the assembly complexity is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of engineering machinery, and more particularly to a lubrication system for a transmission and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] The transmission lubrication system is a key module ensuring the reliable, stable, and durable operation of a vehicle's transmission. Its performance directly affects gear operation, power output, and overall vehicle driving performance. In some related technologies, the transmission lubrication system is formed by adding irregularly shaped oil pipes inside or outside the transmission and fixing them to the housing with bolts and other accessories. This approach is not only structurally complex and cumbersome to assemble, making it prone to assembly errors, but also, in actual operation, especially in the commercial vehicle sector under heavy loads and harsh conditions, the oil pipe accessories are prone to resonance due to vibration, leading to fasteners loosening or even falling into the transmission housing, significantly increasing the failure rate and reducing the transmission's performance and lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Some embodiments of this disclosure provide a lubrication system and vehicle for a transmission, which alleviates the problem of complex oil pipe accessories in the lubrication system of a transmission.

[0004] In one aspect of this disclosure, a lubrication system for a transmission is provided, comprising: The housing of the gearbox; The transmission assembly is located within the housing; Lubricating oil channels are formed within the wall of the housing; An oil injector is provided on the surface of the housing and communicates with the lubricating oil passage. The oil injector is configured to provide lubricating oil to the parts in the transmission assembly that need to be lubricated. An electronic pump, mounted in the housing and connected to the lubricating oil passage, is configured to provide power to allow lubricating oil to enter the lubricating oil passage and be delivered to the part to be lubricated through the oil nozzle.

[0005] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil passage includes an oil inlet passage that is connected to the inlet of the electronic pump; The lubrication system of the transmission also includes: A first filter is located in the oil inlet passage and is configured to filter the lubricating oil before it enters the electric pump.

[0006] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil passage includes a first oil passage communicating with the outlet of the electronic pump; The lubrication system of the transmission also includes: A second filter is disposed within the first oil passage and is configured to filter the lubricating oil discharged through the electronic pump.

[0007] In some embodiments, the lubrication system of the transmission further includes: A heat exchanger is provided in the lubricating oil passage, along the flow direction of the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil passage, and the heat exchanger is located downstream of the outlet of the electronic pump and upstream of the oil injection port.

[0008] In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the channel section located downstream of the heat exchanger in the lubricating oil channel is consistent.

[0009] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil channel includes multiple branch channels, at least one branch channel is provided with at least one oil injection port, and the transmission assembly includes multiple parts to be lubricated, with each part to be lubricated corresponding to at least one oil injection port.

[0010] In some embodiments, the injection direction of the fuel injector has an angle of 0 to 180 degrees with the extension direction of the branch channel it is located in.

[0011] In some embodiments, the housing includes: main housing; The first cover and the second cover are located on both sides of the main housing, together enclosing a cavity for accommodating the transmission assembly; The lubricating oil passage includes a third channel section disposed in the wall of the main housing, a first oil passage section disposed in the wall of the first cover, and a second channel section disposed in the wall of the second cover; wherein the third channel section is connected to the first oil passage section through a first guide sleeve, and / or the third channel section is connected to the second channel section through a second guide sleeve.

[0012] In some embodiments, the transmission assembly includes a bearing housing with two ribs, and the oil injection port includes a first oil injection port facing between the two ribs, so as to guide the lubricating oil using the two ribs to flow to the lubrication part of the bearing mounted on the bearing housing.

[0013] In some embodiments, the transmission assembly includes meshing gears, the lubrication part includes a gear meshing area, and the oil injector includes a second oil injector facing the gear meshing area.

[0014] In some embodiments, the transmission assembly includes a first bearing, a guide groove is provided on the wall of the housing, the guide groove extends to the first bearing, and the oil injector includes a third oil injector facing the guide groove, so as to use the guide groove to guide lubricating oil to the part of the first bearing to be lubricated.

[0015] In some embodiments, the transmission assembly includes a first shaft and a second bearing. The first shaft has a first channel, and the inner wall of the first channel has an internal spline for engaging with the external spline of the motor shaft. The first shaft also has a first oil guide hole communicating with the first channel. The second bearing is supported on the outer peripheral surface of the first shaft and is located radially outside the first oil guide hole; the oil injection port includes a fourth oil injection port, which faces the mating area of ​​the inner spline and the outer spline to introduce lubricating oil into the first channel, and the first oil guide hole is configured to guide the lubricating oil in the first channel to the part of the second bearing to be lubricated.

[0016] In some embodiments, the transmission assembly includes a second shaft and a third bearing. The second shaft has a second channel and a second oil guide hole communicating with the second channel. The third bearing is supported on the outer peripheral surface of the second shaft and is located radially outside the second oil guide hole. The oil injector includes a fifth oil injector facing the second channel. The second oil guide hole is configured to guide lubricating oil in the second channel to the part of the third bearing to be lubricated.

[0017] In some embodiments, the transmission assembly includes a fourth bearing, and the surface of the housing has an opening communicating with the lubricating oil channel. The fourth bearing covers a portion of the opening so that the uncovered portion of the opening forms a sixth oil injection port, which faces the part of the fourth bearing to be lubricated.

[0018] In one aspect of this disclosure, a vehicle is provided, including an electric drive axle that includes the aforementioned lubrication system for the transmission.

[0019] Based on the above technical solution, this disclosure has at least the following beneficial effects: In some embodiments, all lubricating oil passages of the transmission's lubrication system are integrated into the wall of the housing, eliminating the need for separate oil pipes, connectors, or other oil passage accessories inside or outside the transmission. Simultaneously, the fuel injectors are directly located on the surface of the housing and communicate with the lubricating oil passages, eliminating the need for separate nozzles or fuel injection components. Thus, the entire lubrication system, consisting of the housing, the lubricating oil passages formed within its wall, and the fuel injectors, forms an integrated structure. This effectively avoids problems such as oil pipe resonance, loose connections, or even detachment caused by vibration, making it particularly suitable for the electric drive axles of large-volume, demanding new energy vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this disclosure and form part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and are used to explain the disclosure, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the disclosure. In the drawings: Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the lubrication system of a gearbox provided in some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 2 An exploded view of the lubrication system of a gearbox provided in some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the distribution of lubricating oil channels and the parts to be lubricated provided in some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 4 A top view schematic diagram of the distribution of lubricating oil channels and the parts to be lubricated provided in some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lubricating oil passage and oil injection port provided in some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 6 A top view schematic diagram of a lubrication system for a gearbox provided in some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 7 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the main housing provided in some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 8 A side view of the main housing provided for some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 9 A bottom view of the main housing provided for some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 10 A top view schematic diagram of the main housing provided for some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the first lateral structure of the main housing provided in some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the second lateral structure of the main housing provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the forward structure of the main housing provided in some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 14 A rear-view structural schematic diagram of the main housing provided for some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 15 This is a front view schematic diagram of the main housing provided in some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 16 A forward structural schematic diagram of the first cover provided for some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 17 A rear-view structural schematic diagram of the first cover provided for some embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 18 This is a front view schematic diagram of a second cover provided for some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the first angle structure of the second cover provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure; Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the second angle structure of the second cover provided in some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 21 for Figure 14 An enlarged schematic diagram of local structure A.

[0021] The labels in the attached diagram are explained as follows: 1-Housing shell; 11-First cover; 12-Second cover; 13-Main housing; 14-Bearing housing; 2-Transmission assembly; 21-Bearing outer ring; 3-Lubricating oil passage; 4-Oil injector; 5-Electric pump; 6-First filter; 7-Second filter; 8-Heat exchanger; 9-Guide sleeve; 1d - Injector nozzle one; 2d - Injector nozzle two; 3d - Injector nozzle three; 4d - Injector nozzle four; 5d - Injector nozzle five; 6d - Injector nozzle six; 7d - Injector nozzle seven; 8d - Injector nozzle eight; 9d - Injector nozzle nine; 10d - Injector nozzle ten; 11d - Injector nozzle eleven; 12d - Injector nozzle twelve; 13d - Injector nozzle thirteen; 14d - Injector nozzle fourteen; 15d - Injector nozzle fifteen; 16d - Injector nozzle sixteen; 17d - Heat exchanger outlet; 11a - First bearing of shaft 1; 11b - Second bearing of shaft 1; 12a - First bearing of shaft 2; 12b - Second bearing of shaft 2; 13a - First bearing of shaft 3; 13b - Second bearing of shaft 3; 14a - First bearing of shaft 4; 14b - Second bearing of shaft 4; 15a - First bearing of differential; 15b - Second bearing of differential; 21-First gear meshing area; 22-Second gear meshing area; 23-Third gear meshing area; 24-Fourth gear meshing area; 25-Fifth gear meshing area.

[0022] It should be understood that the dimensions of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Furthermore, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar components. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The descriptions of the exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative and are in no way intended to limit the present disclosure or its application or use. The present disclosure may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully express the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the relative arrangement of components and steps, the composition of materials, numerical expressions, and values ​​set forth in these embodiments should be interpreted as exemplary only and not as limiting.

[0024] The terms "first," "second," and similar words used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different parts. Words such as "including" or "contains" mean that the element preceding the word encompasses the element listed after it, and do not exclude the possibility of encompassing other elements as well. Terms such as "above," "below," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, this relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0025] In this disclosure, when a specific device is described as being located between a first device and a second device, an intermediary device may or may not be present between the specific device and the first or second device. When a specific device is described as being connected to other devices, the specific device may be directly connected to the other devices without an intermediary device, or it may be not directly connected to the other devices but have an intermediary device.

[0026] All terms used in this disclosure (including technical or scientific terms) have the same meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms defined in a general dictionary, such as a dictionary, should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art, and not as having an idealized or highly formalized meaning, unless expressly defined herein.

[0027] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0028] refer to Figures 1 to 4 In some embodiments, the lubrication system of the transmission includes a transmission housing 1, a transmission assembly 2, a lubricating oil passage 3, an oil injector 4, and an electric pump 5.

[0029] The transmission component 2 is located inside the housing 1.

[0030] The lubricating oil channel 3 is formed in the wall of the housing 1.

[0031] The oil injector 4 is located on the wall surface of the housing 1 and is connected to the lubricating oil channel 3. The oil injector 4 is configured to provide lubricating oil to the parts to be lubricated in the transmission assembly 2.

[0032] An electronic pump 5 is installed in the housing 1 and is connected to the lubricating oil passage 3. The electronic pump 5 is configured to provide power to allow lubricating oil to enter the lubricating oil passage 3 and be delivered to the part to be lubricated through the oil injection port 4.

[0033] In the above embodiments, all lubricating oil passages 3 of the transmission lubrication system are integrated into the wall of the transmission housing 1, eliminating the need for separate oil pipes, connectors, or other oil passage accessories inside or outside the transmission housing 1. Simultaneously, the oil injector 4 is directly formed on the surface of the housing 1 and communicates with the lubricating oil passages 3, eliminating the need for separate nozzles or injection components. Thus, the entire lubrication system is an integrated structure consisting of the housing 1, the lubricating oil passages 3 formed in its wall, and the oil injector 4.

[0034] In the above embodiments, the integrated lubrication system structure has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. By eliminating oil pipe accessories and related fastening and sealing components, the number of gearbox parts is significantly reduced, simplifying the overall gearbox assembly process and reducing assembly complexity and error risk.

[0035] 2. Since there are no exposed or suspended oil circuit accessories, problems such as oil pipe resonance, loose connection or even detachment caused by vibration can be effectively avoided during high-speed operation of the transmission. It is especially suitable for electric drive axles of new energy vehicles with large size and harsh working conditions.

[0036] 3. It eliminates the need for multi-section external piping and sealing structures, avoiding the leakage risk caused by poor sealing in traditional active lubrication systems, and also eliminates the need for complex oil circuit layouts to reduce oil churning losses.

[0037] 4. The lubricating oil passage is formed entirely within the wall of the housing, which facilitates the conduction of heat to the external environment through the housing, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the lubrication system.

[0038] In summary, this integrated lubrication system structure not only improves lubrication reliability but also effectively enhances the operational stability and durability of the electric drive axle transmission in new energy vehicles.

[0039] In this embodiment, the electronic pump mounted on the gearbox housing 1 is a type of pump that directly utilizes physical mechanisms such as electromagnetic effects, electrodynamic effects, or electroinduced deformation generated by electrical energy to drive or control fluid flow. Its core feature is that it achieves a direct conversion of "electrical energy to fluid kinetic energy / pressure," skipping the indirect energy transfer process of "electrical energy to rotational mechanical energy to fluid kinetic energy" in traditional mechanical pumps.

[0040] In some embodiments, the electric pump does not refer to a traditional electric pump (such as a centrifugal pump, gear pump, etc.) driven by a rotating motor to drive an impeller or piston, but rather to a pump without rotating moving parts, such as a piezoelectric pump, an electromagnetically driven diaphragm pump, an electroosmotic pump, etc. These pumps directly act on the fluid through an electric or magnetic field to generate directional flow or pressure difference.

[0041] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the electric pump mounted on the housing 1 of the gearbox has the following advantages: Compact structure and easy integration: The electronic pump is small in size and flexible in shape. It can be directly embedded inside the gearbox housing 1 or installed on its surface. It does not require a separate pump body, bracket and some connecting pipelines, which helps to improve the utilization of the overall space and save valuable space for the overall vehicle layout.

[0042] Reduced external piping improves reliability: Since the inlet and outlet of the electric pump can be directly connected to the lubricating oil channel formed in the wall of the housing 1, the number of high-pressure external piping and joints is greatly reduced, thereby reducing the risk of leakage caused by loose joints and vibration fatigue, and improving the sealing reliability of the system.

[0043] Oil supply is independent of engine or input shaft speed: Traditional mechanical pumps (such as gear pumps driven by the engine or input shaft) have flow rates proportional to speed. In low-speed conditions such as vehicle idling, starting, or slow-moving traffic, the oil supply may be insufficient. In contrast, electric pumps are powered by the vehicle's power supply and can operate at full power as long as electricity is available. Regardless of whether the vehicle is moving or the engine is running, they can provide stable oil pressure and flow as needed, ensuring that critical components such as clutches, gears, and bearings receive adequate lubrication and cooling even at minimum speeds or when stationary, preventing abnormal wear.

[0044] Pre-lubrication before start-up: When the vehicle is started or the high-voltage system is powered on, the electronic pump can run for several seconds in advance to establish system oil pressure, achieving "zero dry friction" start-up and significantly extending the life of transmission components.

[0045] Delayed cooling after engine shutdown: If the transmission temperature is detected to be too high after the vehicle is turned off, the electric pump can continue to run for a period of time to drive the lubricating oil circulation and heat dissipation, preventing the residual heat from causing oil deterioration or component damage.

[0046] Precise and controllable, energy-efficient: The electronic pump is independently and precisely controlled by the vehicle control unit (VCU) or the transmission control unit (TCU). The controller can dynamically adjust the oil pressure and flow according to the real-time operating conditions of the transmission (such as oil temperature, load, gear, vehicle speed, etc.) to achieve "on-demand oil supply", avoiding energy waste caused by excessive oil supply and improving system energy efficiency.

[0047] Based on the oil circuit structure characteristics of the aforementioned lubrication system, the output pressure of the electronic pump 5 can be adjusted according to the actual operating conditions of the vehicle. Specifically, the control system can receive real-time operating information of the vehicle, including at least one of vehicle speed, load, ambient temperature, and driving mode, and dynamically adjust the operating parameters of the electronic pump 5 accordingly. This ensures that the supply of lubricating oil matches the lubrication requirements of each operating component in the transmission under the current operating conditions, thereby helping to achieve on-demand and quantitative lubrication of the parts to be lubricated in the transmission assembly 2.

[0048] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil passage 3 includes an oil inlet passage that communicates with the inlet of the electric pump 5. Optionally, the oil inlet passage is located at the bottom of the housing 1.

[0049] The transmission lubrication system also includes a first filter 6, which is located in the oil inlet passage and configured to filter the lubricating oil before it enters the electric pump 5.

[0050] In the above embodiment, the first filter 6 is integrated into the oil inlet channel within the wall of the housing 1, forming part of the integrated structure of the housing 1 and the lubrication system. This first filter 6 can, for example, serve as a coarse filter to pre-filter the lubricating oil before it enters the electric pump 5, intercepting larger particulate impurities in the lubricating oil. Since the first filter 6 is directly disposed within the oil inlet channel, and the oil inlet channel is directly connected to the inlet of the electric pump 5, there is no need to install additional external oil pipes or connectors between them. This integrated arrangement helps simplify the number of transmission components and assembly processes, facilitates on-site assembly operations, and improves the utilization efficiency of the internal space of the housing, making the overall layout of the transmission more compact.

[0051] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil passage 3 includes a first oil passage communicating with the outlet of the electric pump 5.

[0052] The transmission lubrication system also includes a second filter 7, which is located in the first oil passage and configured to filter the lubricating oil discharged by the electric pump 5.

[0053] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil passage 3 includes a second oil passage that connects the outlet of the electric pump 5 and the first oil passage.

[0054] In the above embodiment, the second filter 7 is integrated into the first oil passage within the wall of the housing 1, forming part of the integrated structure of the housing 1 and the lubrication system. This second filter 7 can, for example, serve as a fine filter to finely filter the lubricating oil before it enters the electric pump 5, intercepting smaller impurity particles in the lubricating oil. Since the second filter 7 is directly disposed within the first oil passage, and the first oil passage is connected to the outlet of the electric pump 5 through a second oil passage within the wall, there is no need to provide additional external oil pipes or connectors between the electric pump 5 and the second filter 7. This integrated arrangement helps simplify the number of transmission components and assembly processes, facilitates on-site assembly operations, and improves the utilization efficiency of the internal space of the housing, making the overall layout more compact.

[0055] In some embodiments, the electronic pump 5 serves as an oil supply device for the transmission lubricating oil passage and is disposed between the first filter 6 and the second filter 7 in the lubricating oil flow path.

[0056] Along the flow direction of the lubricating oil, the lubricating oil flows sequentially through: a first filter 6 located in the oil inlet channel, used for coarse filtration of the lubricating oil drawn in; an electronic pump 5, used to provide the driving pressure of the lubrication system; and a second filter 7, used for fine filtration of the pressurized lubricating oil.

[0057] The first filter 6, the electronic pump 5, and the second filter 7 are all directly mounted on the gearbox housing 1, and the oil passages connecting them are entirely formed by oil channels within the wall of housing 1, eliminating the need for external oil pipes, connectors, or other connecting accessories. This integrated oil passage layout not only simplifies the assembly structure but also improves system sealing reliability and space utilization efficiency.

[0058] In some embodiments, the lubrication system of the gearbox further includes a heat exchanger 8. The heat exchanger 8 is disposed in the lubricating oil passage 3, and along the flow direction of the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil passage 3, the heat exchanger 8 is located downstream of the outlet of the electric pump 5 and upstream of the oil injection port 4.

[0059] In the above embodiments, the heat exchanger 8 is configured to dissipate heat from the lubricating oil flowing through it in order to control the operating temperature of the lubrication system.

[0060] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil passage 3 includes a third oil passage formed within the wall of the housing 1. The third oil passage connects the first oil passage and the heat exchanger 8, and is used to deliver the lubricating oil filtered by the second filter 7 in the first oil passage to the heat exchanger 8 for heat dissipation of the lubricating oil through the heat exchanger 8.

[0061] The heat exchanger 8 is installed on the housing 1 and is sealed and connected to the third oil passage inside the housing 1 to dissipate heat from the pressurized lubricating oil.

[0062] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil passage 3 further includes a fourth oil passage formed in the wall of the housing 1, the fourth oil passage connecting to the heat exchanger outlet 17d of the heat exchanger 8 (reference). Figure 5 This is to deliver the lubricating oil after heat exchange to the subsequent branch channels.

[0063] In the aforementioned lubrication system, lubricating oil is drawn in through the inlet passage at the bottom of the gearbox housing 1 and flows sequentially through: a first filter 6 located within the inlet passage for coarse filtration; then it enters the electric pump 5, where it is pressurized and discharged; the discharged lubricating oil enters the first oil passage and undergoes fine filtration through the second filter 7; the filtered lubricating oil flows through the third oil passage into the heat exchanger 8 for cooling; the cooled lubricating oil then enters the branch channels within the housing 1 through the fourth oil passage, and finally is sprayed through multiple oil nozzles 4 formed on the surface of the housing 1 to the corresponding gears, bearings, and other parts awaiting lubrication. The entire lubrication circuit is formed entirely within the wall of the gearbox housing 1, and all functional components, including the first filter 6, the electric pump 5, the second filter 7, and the heat exchanger 8, are directly mounted on the housing 1, eliminating the need for external oil pipes or connecting accessories, thus achieving a high degree of integration and compact structure in the lubrication system.

[0064] In some embodiments, the diameter of the channel section downstream of the heat exchanger 8 in the lubricating oil channel 3 is consistent.

[0065] In the above embodiments, the section of the lubricating oil passage 3 located downstream of the heat exchanger 8 has a uniform inner diameter. Except for the oil injection port 4 and the guide sleeve mounting area, which have specific apertures due to functional requirements, the inner diameters of the remaining oil passages remain consistent. This standardized design helps simplify the machining process of the oil passages inside the housing 1 and facilitates the standardized installation and sealing of components such as guide sleeves and plugs.

[0066] refer to Figure 5 In some embodiments, the lubricating oil channel 3 includes multiple branch channels, and at least one branch channel is provided with at least one oil injection port 4. The transmission component 2 includes multiple parts to be lubricated, and each part to be lubricated corresponds to at least one oil injection port 4.

[0067] In the above embodiment, the oil injection port 4 is directly formed on the surface of the gearbox housing 1, and is part of the integrated structure of housing 1 and lubrication system. The orifice size of each oil injection port 4 is determined in advance by fluid simulation or empirical formula based on the lubrication requirements of the gears, bearings and other moving parts inside the gearbox under different operating conditions, and is directly formed at the preset position by machining during the manufacturing process of housing 1, without the need for subsequent installation of independent nozzles or additional pipes.

[0068] In some embodiments, the injection direction of the fuel injector 4 has an angle of 0 to 180 degrees with the extension direction of the branch channel it is located in.

[0069] In the above embodiment, the spray direction of the oil injector 4 forms an angle with the extension direction of its branch channel. This angle can be set according to the spatial position of the part to be lubricated and the lubrication requirements. For example, the angle can be 0°, that is, the spray direction is in the same direction as the extension direction of the branch channel; the angle can be 180°, that is, the spray direction is opposite to the extension direction of the branch channel; or other angles between 0° and 180°, so that the lubricating oil can effectively cover the target lubrication area.

[0070] refer to Figure 2 In some embodiments, the housing 1 includes a main housing 13, a first cover 11, and a second cover 12.

[0071] The first cover 11 and the second cover 12 are located on both sides of the main housing 13 along the axial direction, together forming a cavity for accommodating the transmission assembly 2.

[0072] The lubricating oil passage 3 includes a third passage section located in the wall of the main housing 13, a first oil passage section located in the wall of the first cover 11, and a second passage section located in the wall of the second cover 12; wherein the third passage section is connected to the first oil passage section through a first guide sleeve, and / or the third passage section is connected to the second passage section through a second guide sleeve.

[0073] In the above embodiments, the guide sleeve can cooperate with the seal to ensure the oil passage sealing at the housing interface.

[0074] In this embodiment, the "oil passage accessory" includes a guide sleeve and a sealing ring for connecting oil passages between different housing components, and a plug for sealing the machined oil passage ports. Specifically, the guide sleeve and O-ring are used to ensure fluid communication and sealing of corresponding oil passages between the first cover 11 and the main housing 13, and between the main housing 13 and the second cover 12, during assembly. The plug is used to close the machined oil passage ports to ensure that lubricating oil flows along a predetermined path.

[0075] In addition, the gearbox assembly also includes a bearing housing 14 inside the housing. The bearing housing 14 is a part installed inside the main housing 13 to support the bearing in the transmission assembly 2.

[0076] In some embodiments, the transmission assembly 2 includes a bearing housing with two ribs, and the oil injection port 4 includes a first oil injection port facing between the two ribs, so as to guide the lubricating oil with the two ribs and make it flow to the part of the bearing installed on the bearing housing for lubrication.

[0077] In the above embodiments, by setting guide ribs, it is helpful to concentrate the lubricating oil to the target area, reduce oil splashing or loss, thereby improving lubrication efficiency and ensuring that the bearing obtains stable and sufficient lubrication under high load or high speed conditions.

[0078] In some embodiments, the transmission assembly 2 includes meshing gears, the part to be lubricated includes the meshing area of ​​the gears, and the oil injection port 4 includes a second oil injection port facing the meshing area of ​​the gears.

[0079] In the above embodiments, spraying lubricating oil into the meshing area of ​​the gear through the second oil injection port helps to form an oil film in a timely manner during the gear engagement / disengagement process, reducing tooth surface friction and wear. Especially under high load or high speed conditions, it can significantly improve the lubrication reliability and durability of the transmission system.

[0080] In some embodiments, the transmission assembly 2 includes a first bearing, the wall of the housing 1 is provided with a guide groove that extends to the first bearing, and the oil injection port 4 includes a third oil injection port that faces the guide groove so as to guide lubricating oil to the part of the first bearing to be lubricated by means of the guide groove.

[0081] In the above embodiment, the guide groove extends from its starting end to the lubrication area of ​​the first bearing. The third oil injection port is positioned facing the guide groove, so that the injected lubricating oil enters the guide groove and is transported along its channel to the lubrication area of ​​the first bearing. This structure guides the lubricating oil in a directional manner through the guide groove, which helps to stably and centrally deliver the oil to the inside of the bearing, reducing splashing or loss of lubricating oil during the transmission process, thereby improving lubrication efficiency. It also ensures that the bearing receives sufficient lubrication even under complex operating conditions such as high speed or tilted installation, extending its service life.

[0082] In some embodiments, the transmission assembly 2 includes a first shaft and a second bearing. The first shaft has a first channel, and the inner wall of the first channel has an internal spline for engaging with the external spline of the motor shaft. The first shaft has a first oil guide hole communicating with the first channel.

[0083] The second bearing is supported on the outer circumferential surface of the first shaft and is located radially outside the first oil guide hole; the oil injection port 4 includes a fourth oil injection port, which faces the mating area of ​​the inner spline and the outer spline to introduce lubricating oil into the first channel, and the first oil guide hole is configured to guide the lubricating oil in the first channel to the part of the second bearing to be lubricated.

[0084] In the above embodiment, lubricating oil is directly sprayed through the fourth oil nozzle onto the mating area of ​​the inner and outer splines. This not only effectively lubricates and cools the spline pair, reducing meshing wear and the risk of fretting corrosion, but also allows some lubricating oil to enter the first channel and be guided through the first oil guide hole to the lubrication point of the second bearing, achieving synchronous lubrication of the bearing. This structural design eliminates the need for additional oil supply channels or external nozzles on the outer circumference of the shaft, simplifying the structural layout, improving space utilization efficiency, and helping to maintain reliable lubrication of the spline connection and bearing system under high speed or high torque conditions, thereby improving the overall durability and operational stability of the transmission components.

[0085] In some embodiments, the transmission assembly 2 includes a second shaft and a third bearing. The second shaft has a second channel and a second oil guide hole communicating with the second channel. The third bearing is supported on the outer peripheral surface of the second shaft and is located radially outside the second oil guide hole. The oil injection port 4 includes a fifth oil injection port facing the second channel. The second oil guide hole is configured to guide the lubricating oil in the second channel to the part of the third bearing to be lubricated.

[0086] In the above embodiment, the fifth oil injection port is oriented towards the second channel, allowing lubricating oil to directly enter the second channel inside the second shaft. The lubricating oil then flows out through the second oil guide hole and is guided to the lubrication point of the third bearing, thereby achieving effective lubrication of the bearing. This structural design utilizes the internal channels of the shaft itself to complete the transmission of lubricating oil, eliminating the need for additional oil supply lines or nozzles on the outer circumference of the shaft or the housing. This helps simplify the internal structure of the gearbox, reduce the number of parts, and improve space compactness. At the same time, because the lubricating oil is directionally delivered through the internal flow channels of the shaft, oil splash loss can be reduced, improving lubrication efficiency. Especially under high speed or tilted installation conditions, it can still ensure stable and reliable lubrication of the third bearing, thereby enhancing the operational stability and service life of the transmission system.

[0087] In some embodiments, the transmission assembly 2 includes a fourth bearing, and the surface of the housing 1 has an opening communicating with the lubricating oil channel 3. The fourth bearing covers a portion of the opening so that the uncovered portion of the opening forms a sixth oil injection port, which faces the part of the fourth bearing to be lubricated.

[0088] In the above embodiments, the partial shielding of the housing opening by the fourth bearing naturally forms an oil injection port with a specific spray direction, eliminating the need for additional machining of independent nozzles or installation of additional guide components. This simplifies the housing manufacturing process and assembly procedures, and improves the matching of the oil injection direction with the bearing lubrication requirements, reducing oil splashing or deviation and improving lubrication efficiency. Furthermore, since the oil injection port is dynamically defined by the relative position of the bearing and the housing, its layout can be adaptively adjusted according to the bearing installation position, which helps improve the adaptability of the lubrication system to different operating conditions.

[0089] Based on the above embodiments, the lubrication system of the transmission includes a transmission housing 1, an electric pump 5, a first filter 6, a second filter 7, a heat exchanger 8, and lubricating oil channels 3 formed within the wall of the housing and oil nozzles 4 formed on the surface of the housing, together constituting the lubrication system. The oil passages of this lubrication system are entirely formed within the wall of the housing 1, and all functional components are directly mounted on the housing 1, connected to each other through an integrated oil passage within the housing, without relying on external oil pipes, joints, or other independent oil passage accessories. This integrated configuration helps simplify the overall structural layout and assembly process of the transmission, reducing assembly complexity and potential leakage risks caused by additional oil passage components. Simultaneously, combined with the controllable oil supply capability of the electric pump 5 and the directional arrangement of the oil nozzles 4, lubricating oil can be delivered to each lubrication point in a timely and quantitative manner according to actual operating conditions, improving lubrication efficiency and system reliability. This structure is particularly suitable for electric drive axle transmissions in new energy vehicles, helping to meet their technical requirements in application scenarios such as high load, compact space, and long service life.

[0090] Some embodiments of this disclosure also provide an engineering machine that includes an electric drive axle, the electric drive axle including a lubrication system for the gearbox in any of the above embodiments.

[0091] Construction machinery includes, but is not limited to, mining dump trucks, loaders, excavators, cranes, and heavy-duty tractors. These machines typically operate under harsh conditions such as high loads, dust, and frequent start-stop cycles, placing high demands on the reliability of the transmission system's lubrication, its compact structure, and ease of maintenance. The lubrication system of a gearbox employing the aforementioned integrated lubrication system helps improve the overall machine's operational stability and service life in complex working environments.

[0092] Some embodiments of this disclosure also provide a vehicle, which can be a pure electric vehicle or other new energy vehicle. The vehicle includes an electric drive axle, which integrates the lubrication system of the gearbox in any of the above embodiments. The vehicle can be a work vehicle or a transport vehicle, such as a new energy heavy-duty commercial truck.

[0093] In some embodiments, the transmission lubrication system employs an integrated structure that is fully integrated with the transmission housing 1 and the lubrication oil passages. This lubrication system is suitable for various types of vehicles, especially for applications such as electric drive axles in new energy vehicles where high space compactness and lubrication reliability are required.

[0094] Specifically, the transmission lubrication system is designed based on the overall structure of the transmission housing 1. Starting from the overall layout of the electric drive axle, and comprehensively considering the cooperation between internal and external structural components, a fully integrated lubrication solution is constructed to fully meet the lubrication needs of the internal operating components of the electric drive axle transmission. The system includes housing 1, electric pump 5, first filter 6 (coarse filter), second filter 7 (fine filter), heat exchanger 8, and necessary oil passage accessories (guide sleeve and oil plug).

[0095] The "integrated lubrication system fully integrated into the housing 1" refers to the fact that all the main and branch channels of the lubricating oil passage 3, as well as the spray structure of each oil injection port 4, are directly formed within the wall and surface of the gearbox housing 1, integrally molded through casting and subsequent machining. The electronic pump 5, the first filter 6, the second filter 7, the heat exchanger 8, and the oil circuit accessories are directly installed on the housing 1 according to the assembly requirements, integrated with the gearbox housing 1. The fluid communication between the components relies entirely on the pre-set integrated oil passages inside the housing 1, without the need for additional external oil pipes, joints, or connectors.

[0096] Compared to existing technologies, this integrated configuration significantly simplifies the gearbox assembly process, reduces the number of parts, and lowers the complexity of on-site assembly. At the same time, since the oil circuit is located inside the housing, the internal space of the gearbox can be utilized more efficiently, and the overall layout is more compact.

[0097] Furthermore, the lubricant distribution strategy of this system (including the timing and flow rate of oil supply) is based on a professional fluid dynamics simulation model and has been verified through bench testing. This design does not rely on the splashing effect generated by gear rotation, but instead uses an active oil supply method combined with the controllable output of the electronic pump 5 to deliver lubricant to each lubrication point on demand. Structurally, it eliminates the external oil pipe network commonly found in traditional active lubrication systems, enabling the transmission lubrication system to achieve lubricant supply with a minimalist configuration, while maintaining timely and quantitative spraying to the relevant lubrication points based on the principle of on-demand distribution.

[0098] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1 to 21 This describes in detail some specific embodiments of the gearbox lubrication system.

[0099] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The gearbox lubrication system includes a gearbox housing 1, a transmission assembly 2, a lubricating oil passage 3, an oil injector 4, an electric pump 5, a first filter 6, a second filter 7, a heat exchanger 8, and a guide sleeve 9. The housing 1 includes a main housing 13, a first cover 11, a second cover 12, and a bearing housing 14. The first cover 11 and the second cover 12 are located on both axial sides of the main housing 13, together forming a chamber for accommodating the transmission assembly 2. The bearing housing 14 is used to mount bearings.

[0100] refer to Figure 4 The transmission assembly 2 includes a first shaft, a second shaft, a third shaft, a fourth shaft, and a differential. The first shaft has a first bearing 11a and a second bearing 11b at both ends; the second shaft has a first bearing 12a and a second bearing 12b at both ends; the third shaft has a first bearing 13a and a second bearing 13b at both ends; and the fourth shaft has a first bearing 14a and a second bearing 14b at both ends. A gear on the first shaft meshes with a first gear on the second shaft, forming a first gear meshing area 21. A second gear on the second shaft meshes with a first gear on the third shaft, forming a second gear meshing area 22. A second gear on the third shaft meshes with a first gear on the fourth shaft, forming a third gear meshing area 23. A third gear on the third shaft meshes with a second gear on the fourth shaft, forming a fourth gear meshing area 24. A fourth gear on the third shaft meshes with a third gear on the fourth shaft, forming a fifth gear meshing area 25. The differential connects three shafts, and the two ends of the differential are respectively provided with the first differential shaft 15a and the second differential bearing 15b.

[0101] All of the aforementioned bearing and gear meshing areas are areas requiring lubrication.

[0102] refer to Figures 7 to 21Lubricating oil is drawn in from the lowest oil inlet GC1 inside the gearbox and enters oil passage GC2. A first filter 6 and an electric pump 5 are installed in oil passage GC2. The first filter 6 is installed at the innermost end of oil passage GC2, and the electric pump 5 is installed behind it, fixed to the end face GC3 of oil passage GC2. A second filter 7 is installed in oil passage GC5, fixed to the end face GC4 of oil passage GC5. Oil passage GC6 connects the outlet of the electric pump 5 to oil passage GC5 where the second filter 7 is located. The lubricating oil discharged by the electric pump 5, after being filtered by the second filter 7, flows from oil passage GC5 to oil passage GC7, and continues to oil passage GC8. Oil passage GC8 connects to oil passage GC9, and continues to flow to oil passage GC9. Oil passage GC9 then delivers the lubricating oil to heat exchanger 8. After being cooled and circulated in heat exchanger 8, the lubricating oil is output to oil passage GC10. Oil passage GC10 is connected to oil passages GC14 and GC12 via the lower oil passage GC11.

[0103] In the above embodiment, the mounting interface of the electronic pump 5 is located at the end face GC3 of the main housing 13. The first filter 6 needs to be installed in the oil passage GC2 first. The first filter 6 is the first filter for the lubricating oil inside the gearbox. Before the lubricating oil is sucked in by the electronic pump 5, it is coarsely filtered. After the lubricating oil is sucked into the electronic pump 5, it flows into the second filter 7 through the oil passage GC6 for secondary filtration. The lubricating oil after secondary filtration is output to the subsequent pipeline through the oil passage GC5.

[0104] Starting from oil passage GC13, the first lubrication point of the lubrication system is... Figure 4 The corresponding first bearing 14a of the four shafts is lubricated by the oil injection port 1d in the oil passage GC13, which is aligned with the middle of the two ribs on the bearing seat of the fourth shaft on the first cover 11, and the oil flows to the part of the bearing to be lubricated, thereby achieving lubrication at this location.

[0105] Oil passages GC15 and GC16 are connected to oil passage GC12, forming a set spatial position on oil passage GC12. Oil passages GC15 and GC16 are respectively equipped with oil injection port 2d and oil injection port 3d. The object of lubrication is the meshing area 25 of the fifth gear. Both oil injection ports are set at a specific angle and spray at a fixed point on the meshing area of ​​the gear.

[0106] When the lubricating oil flows into the oil passage GC17, it will split into two directions. One side flows from the oil passage GC33 to the oil passage GC42 on the first cover 11 through the guide sleeve, and then flows through the oil passage GC42 to the oil passage GC43. The oil passage GC43 is provided with an oil injection port 4d. The object of the oil injection port 4d is the first bearing 15a of the differential.

[0107] On the other side, the oil flows along oil passage GC32 to oil passages GC19, GC22, GC29, and GC40, lubricating other parts. Oil passage GC19 connects to oil passage GC18, and oil passage GC18 is equipped with an oil nozzle 6d. The lubrication target of oil nozzle 6d is the meshing area 24 of the fourth gear. The spray direction of oil nozzle 15d is also set at the gear meshing position to achieve lubrication at that location.

[0108] When the lubricating oil flows to the oil passage GC22, the oil passage GC22 is connected to the oil passages GC23 and GC24. The oil passages GC23 and GC24 are respectively equipped with oil injection port 7d and oil injection port 8d. Oil injection port 7d lubricates the meshing area 23 of the third gear, and sprays precisely towards the gear meshing point to achieve lubrication at that point. The object of lubrication of oil injection port 8d is the first bearing 13a of the three shafts. The lubricating oil at this point is first sprayed from oil injection port 8d to the oil groove structure GC37, and then flows with the oil groove structure GC37 to the part of the first bearing 13a of the three shafts to achieve lubrication of the bearing position.

[0109] When the lubricating oil flows into the oil passage GC29, it will branch into two paths: one path flows into the oil passage GC25, and the other path flows into the oil passage GC36. The oil spray nozzle 5d on the oil passage GC25 will spray the oil onto the second bearing 15b of the differential to achieve lubrication.

[0110] Oil passage GC36 leads to lubrication of other parts (described later). When lubricating oil flows to oil passage GC40, oil passage GC20 is connected to oil passage GC40. Lubricating oil will flow from oil passage GC40 to oil passage GC20. Oil passage GC20 is connected to oil passage GC21 and oil passage GC38. Oil passage GC38 is connected to oil passage GC45 on the second cover 12 through the guide sleeve.

[0111] Oil passage GC45 is connected to oil passages GC51 and GC54. Oil passage GC51 is equipped with oil nozzle 15d, which sprays oil onto the second bearing 13b of the three-axis for lubrication. Oil passage GC53 is equipped with oil nozzle 16d, which lubricates the second bearing 14b of the four-axis. The nozzle points to the center of the bearing and finally sprays oil onto the inner wall of the shaft, and then flows back to the bearing position through the inner wall.

[0112] Returning to oil passage GC36, oil passage GC36 is connected to oil passage GC30, and oil passage GC30 is connected to oil passages GC26 and GC31. The lubricating oil will first flow to oil passage GC26 and then to oil passage GC31. Oil passage GC26 is equipped with oil spray nozzle 9d, which is used to lubricate the first bearing 12a of the second shaft. Oil spray nozzle 9d will first spray lubricating oil to the bottom of the bearing seat shoulder pull-down rivet groove (bearing installation clearance groove), and then through the operation of the bearing, it will be driven to the inside of the bearing to achieve lubrication.

[0113] The lubricating oil in oil passage GC26 flows to oil passage GC35 while lubricating the bearing. Oil passage GC35 is connected to oil passage GC44 on the second cover 12 via a guide sleeve. When the lubricating oil flows to oil passage GC44, it is branched again into the connected oil passages GC49, GC50, and GC53. Oil passage GC49 is equipped with an oil spray nozzle 14d, which sprays lubricating oil to the second bearing 12b of the second shaft as needed, thus lubricating the bearing at that location.

[0114] The oil passage GC50 is equipped with an oil spray nozzle 12d, which sprays oil onto the meshing area 22 of the second gear to achieve lubrication there. The oil passage GC53 is equipped with an oil spray nozzle 13d, which first sprays lubricating oil onto the spline joint inside the input end of the first shaft motor. Then, the lubricating oil gradually flows to the second bearing 11b of the first shaft as the shaft rotates. While lubricating the bearing, it can also cool the spline inside the high-speed shaft at the input end, achieving the effect of lubrication and cooling.

[0115] Oil passage GC31 is connected to oil passage GC34 and oil passage GC28. Oil passage GC34 is provided with an oil injection port +10d, which is aligned with the meshing area 21 of the first gear to achieve lubrication of the gears.

[0116] Oil passage GC28 is equipped with an injection port 11d, the structure of which is based on the orifice size of oil passage GC39. The injection principle is based on the fact that the bottom of oil passage GC28 in this location is machined with an irregular notch. After bearing installation, the notch is blocked by the outer ring 21 of the bearing, pressing it into a small rectangular groove structure, which is oil passage GC54. (See reference...) Figure 21 After the bearing is installed, the rectangular groove forms an upward-spraying oil nozzle, which faces the bearing rollers precisely to achieve lubrication of the first bearing 11a of the shaft.

[0117] At this point, the layout scheme of all oil passages in the transmission lubrication system has been described. The lubricating oil is initially controlled and pressurized by the electronic pump 5 from the starting point inside the transmission to each integrated oil passage of the transmission. Then, it is precisely sprayed into the corresponding lubrication parts at time and in quantity through the precisely designed oil injection port of the transmission housing 1.

[0118] In the above specific embodiment, the heat exchanger 8 is a component installed on the oil passage GC10 of the main housing 13. The lubricating oil filtered by the second filter 7 passes through the oil passages GC7, GC8, and GC9 of the main housing 13 in sequence, and then enters the installed heat exchanger 8 at the upper end of the oil passage GC9 of the main housing 13. The lubricating oil that has been cooled by the heat exchanger 8 is then output to the oil passage GC10, and the input of the lubricating oil after cooling of the gearbox lubrication system is completed by the oil passage GC10. In this feature, in the lubrication system cooling pipeline, apart from the O-ring required on the end face when the heat exchanger 8 is installed, there are no externally connected accessories, and the oil passage cast integrally with the main housing 13 completes the transportation.

[0119] In some specific embodiments, the oil passage accessories include oil passage plugs, guide sleeves, and O-rings that mate with the heat exchanger mounting surface and the guide sleeves. The oil passage plugs are sealing fittings installed at the bores of the oil passages in the gearbox housing 1 after machining. The installation positions are oil passages GC11, GC12, GC13, GC15, GC16, GC17, GC18, GC19, GC20, and GC16. At the orifice of each of the following oil passages: GC22, GC23, GC24, GC25, GC26, GC27, GC28, GC29, GC30, GC31, GC32, GC34, GC36, GC40, GC43, GC47, GC48, GC49, GC50, and GC51.

[0120] The specifications and dimensions of the oil passages are as follows: There are a total of 31 oil passages with an inner diameter of 12mm, namely oil passage GC11, oil passage GC12, oil passage GC13, oil passage GC14, oil passage GC15, oil passage GC16, oil passage GC17, oil passage GC18, oil passage GC19, oil passage GC20, oil passage GC21, oil passage GC22, oil passage GC23, oil passage GC24, oil passage GC25, oil passage GC26, oil passage GC27, oil passage GC28, oil passage GC29, oil passage GC30, oil passage GC31, oil passage GC32, oil passage GC34, oil passage GC36, oil passage GC40, oil passage GC43, oil passage GC47, oil passage GC48, oil passage GC49, oil passage GC50, and oil passage GC51.

[0121] There is one oil passage with an inner diameter of 16mm, which is oil passage GC9.

[0122] There are two oil passages with an inner diameter of 18mm, namely oil passage GC6 and oil passage GC7.

[0123] There is one oil passage with an inner diameter of 20mm, which is oil passage GC8.

[0124] In some specific embodiments, there are a total of 16 oil injection ports on the lubricating oil channel. Each oil injection port is connected to its own lubricating oil channel and corresponding oil passage plug to achieve sequential flow and different flow rate requirements in the pipeline, including the lubricating oil channels of the main housing 13, the first cover 11, the second cover 12, and the internal bearing seat.

[0125] refer to Figure 5 The oil injection ports for each lubricating oil passage are as follows: oil passage GC13 has injection port 1d, oil passage GC15 has injection port 2d, oil passage GC16 has injection port 3d, oil passage GC43 has injection port 4d, oil passage GC25 has injection port 5d, oil passage GC18 has injection port 6d, oil passage GC23 has injection port 7d, oil passage GC24 has injection port 8d, oil passage GC26 has injection port 9d, oil passage GC27 has injection port 10d, oil passage GC28 has injection port 11d, oil passage GG50 has injection port 12d, oil passage GC53 has injection port 13d, oil passage GC49 has injection port 14d, oil passage GC51 has injection port 15d, and oil passage GC52 has injection port 16d.

[0126] In some specific embodiments, the lubricating oil passage is integrally cast with the gearbox housing 1, including oil injection ports within the lubricating oil passage. These injection ports respectively lubricate the meshing points of the various bearings and gears that engage with the internal bearing system of the gearbox. (See reference...) Figure 4 and Figure 5 Injector 1 (1d) lubricates the second bearing 14b of the fourth shaft; Injector 2 (2d) and Injector 3 (3d) lubricate the fifth gear meshing area 25; Injector 4 (4d) lubricates the first differential bearing 15a; Injector 5 (5d) lubricates the second differential bearing 15b; Injector 6 (6d) lubricates the fourth gear meshing area 24; Injector 7 (7d) lubricates the third gear meshing area 23; Injector 8 (8d) lubricates the first bearing 13a of the third shaft; Injector 9 (9d) lubricates the first bearing 1 of the second shaft. 2a, Injector 10d lubricates the first gear meshing area 21, Injector 11d lubricates the first bearing 11a of shaft 1, Injector 12d lubricates the second gear meshing area 22, Injector 13d lubricates the second bearing 11b of shaft 1 and the spline joint of shaft 1, Injector 14d lubricates the second bearing 12b of shaft 2, Injector 15d lubricates the second bearing 13b of shaft 3, Injector 16d lubricates the second bearing 14b of shaft 4.

[0127] In some specific embodiments, the guide sleeve is used to connect the oil passage GC33 of the main housing 13 with the oil passage GC42 of the first cover 11, the oil passage GC38 of the main housing 13 with the oil passage GC45 of the second cover 12, and the oil passage GC35 of the main housing 13 with the oil passage GC44 of the second cover 12. Then, the oil passage connection can be sealed by installing the O-ring of the guide sleeve.

[0128] The above features emphasize that all plugs in the lubrication channels of the gearbox adopt the same design style, with a high degree of consistency in shape, simplifying assembly process requirements and achieving one-time permanent sealing. In addition, all lubrication channels with plugs are designed with stepped dimensions, and all oil passages with injection ports and those with plugs share a common integrated feature. While simplifying the assembly of the lubrication channels, it also facilitates machining accuracy, allowing the structure to be machined in sections. Machining accuracy can be effectively applied and controlled, reducing manufacturing costs.

[0129] In some specific embodiments, the oil inlet GC1 and oil inlet GC2 of the main housing 13 are directly connected. Oil inlet GC2 is the mounting oil passage for the first filter 6 and the electronic pump 5. End face GC3 is the mounting screw interface plane for the electronic pump 5. End face GC4 is the mounting mating surface for the second filter 7. Oil inlet GC5 is the mounting oil passage for the second filter 7 and also the lubricating oil output oil passage for the second filter 7. Oil inlet GC6 is the connecting oil passage for the electronic pump 5 and the second filter 7. Oil inlet GC5, where the second filter 7 is located, is connected to oil inlet GC8 through oil inlet GC7. Oil inlet GC8 is connected to oil inlet GC9. C9 is the inlet oil passage leading to heat exchanger 8. GC10 is the outlet oil passage of heat exchanger 8. GC10 connects to GC11, which in turn connects to GC13 and GC14. GC14 connects to GC12, which in turn connects to GC15, GC16, GC33, and GC17 in sequence. GC33 is the interface for installing the guide sleeve and its O-ring. The guide sleeve mates with and connects to GC42 on the first cover 11. GC42 connects to GC43. GC17 connects to GC32. The oil passages GC32 and GC19 are connected. GC19 is connected to GC18, GC40, and GC29 in sequence. GC40 is connected to GC20, GC20 is connected to GC21, and GC21 is connected to GC38. GC38 serves as the mounting interface for the guide sleeve and guide sleeve O-ring of the second cover 12's oil passage GC45. GC45 is connected to GC51 and GC52 via the guide sleeve. GC29 is connected to GC22, and GC25 is connected to GC36. Oil passage GC22 is connected to oil passages GC23 and GC24; oil passage GC36 is connected to oil passage GC30; oil passage GC30 is connected to oil passage GC26; oil passage GC26, oil passage GC35, and oil passage GC31 are connected; oil passage GC35 and oil passage GC44 of the second cover 12 are both installation interfaces for guide sleeves and guide sleeve O-rings; oil passage GC35 is connected to oil passage GC44 through guide sleeves; oil passage GC44 is connected to oil passages GC50, GC49, and GC53; oil passages GC31, GC34, and GC28 are connected; oil passage GC34 is connected to oil passage GC27.

[0130] Due to specific manufacturing processes of the gearbox interface and gearbox housing 1, some oil injection ports have undergone corresponding design adjustments. Their lubrication principles and corresponding design structures are as follows: Oil passage GC47 first sprays lubricating oil to the mating point between the internal spline of the shaft and the external spline of the motor shaft. Then, the lubricating oil sprayed to the spline mating point flows along the internal spline of the shaft to the second bearing 11b of the shaft, achieving lubrication at that point. This oil passage GC47 corresponds to oil nozzle 13d.

[0131] Similarly, the oil passage GC48 first sprays lubricating oil into the hollow part inside the four-axis shaft. The hollow part inside the four-axis shaft is not a completely connected structure. When the lubricating oil is sprayed to a certain depth at the bottom, it will flow again along the shaft side wall to the second bearing 14b of the four-axis shaft, thus achieving lubrication of the second bearing 14b of the four-axis shaft. This oil passage GC48 corresponds to the sixteenth oil injection port 16d.

[0132] Oil passage GC39 corresponds to oil injection port 11d. Oil passage GC39 is located at the bottom of the hole of oil passage GC28. Its structure is irregular. After the first bearing 11a of the shaft is assembled, it is pressed into a square structure groove to form oil passage GC54.

[0133] The oil passage GC41 corresponds to the fuel injector 5d.

[0134] This disclosure provides a lubrication system and vehicle for a transmission used in an electric drive axle. The transmission lubrication system is based on a cast-in-place transmission housing 1, with the lubricating oil passage 3 integrally formed inside the housing 1. The system includes an electric pump 5, a first filter 6, a second filter 7, and a heat exchanger 8. Each component is directly mounted on the housing 1 and connected through internal oil passages within the housing, forming a fully integrated lubrication system.

[0135] The layout of the lubricating oil passage 3, the cross-sectional dimensions of each oil passage in the housing 1, the number of oil injection ports 4 and their diameters are all based on comprehensive and professional simulation and physical simulation tests, which can meet the lubrication needs of various operating parts inside the gearbox, especially the bearing system, under different working conditions.

[0136] By calculating the lubrication requirements of key components such as bearings, the output flow rate of the electronic pump 5 and the distribution ratio of each lubrication point can be quantified and parameterized, which helps to improve the stability and durability of the entire gearbox.

[0137] This solution combines the controllability of on-demand oil supply in active lubrication systems with the advantages of compact structure and easy assembly in traditional splash lubrication. While simplifying the overall gearbox structure, it improves the targeting and reliability of lubrication, providing a feasible lubrication technology path for electric drive axle transmissions in new energy vehicles.

[0138] In summary, the embodiments disclosed herein have the following characteristics: Fully integrated oil circuit structure: All lubricating oil passages, oil injectors 4 and plug mounting holes are formed inside the gearbox housing 1, and are integrally formed by casting and machining, without the need for external oil pipes or independent guide components.

[0139] Simplified structure and improved assembly efficiency: Since the oil passages, oil injectors and plugs are integrated with the housing 1, the number of external accessories is significantly reduced, the assembly process of the whole machine is simplified, the assembly cost is reduced, and vibration or resonance problems caused by additional connecting parts are avoided.

[0140] Uniform plug sealing design: All plugs used to seal the ends of lubricating oil passages adopt the same sealing structure, which facilitates assembly control.

[0141] Flexible oil injection direction configuration: The oil passages leading to each oil injection port can be designed with the same or opposite flow direction according to lubrication requirements, so as to achieve directional lubrication of different components such as gear meshing area, bearing rollers, etc.

[0142] High degree of freedom oil passage layout: The lubricating oil passage inside the housing 1 adopts a multi-branch, intersecting layout, which can flexibly plan the flow path according to the spatial distribution of the transmission components and meet the coverage requirements of complex lubrication points.

[0143] Manufacturing feasibility assurance: All lubricating oil passages can be formed by conventional casting processes, and precision control can be achieved by subsequent machining, which has good manufacturability.

[0144] Integrated lubrication advantages: While retaining the advantages of active lubrication, such as on-demand oil supply and controllable flow, this system also inherits the advantages of traditional splash lubrication, such as compact structure and no external pipelines, effectively alleviating the limitations of single lubrication methods in terms of lubrication uniformity, response speed, or structural complexity.

[0145] Thermal management and improved reliability: The integrated oil circuit layout facilitates the orderly circulation and heat dissipation of lubricating oil. Combined with a heat exchanger, it can improve the thermal stability of the system, thereby enhancing the durability and operational reliability of the transmission under high load conditions.

[0146] Based on the embodiments disclosed above, in the absence of explicit denial or conflict, the technical features of one embodiment may be advantageously combined with one or more other embodiments.

[0147] While specific embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail by way of examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the examples are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can be made to the above embodiments or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure. The scope of this disclosure is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A lubrication system for a transmission, characterized in that, include: Shell (1); The transmission assembly (2) is disposed inside the housing (1); Lubricating oil passage (3) is formed in the wall of the housing (1); An oil nozzle (4) is provided on the surface of the housing (1) and communicates with the lubricating oil channel (3). The oil nozzle (4) is configured to provide lubricating oil to the parts to be lubricated in the transmission assembly (2). An electronic pump (5) is installed in the housing (1) and communicates with the lubricating oil passage (3). The electronic pump (5) is configured to provide power to allow lubricating oil to enter the lubricating oil passage (3) and deliver it to the part to be lubricated through the oil nozzle (4).

2. The lubrication system for the gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lubricating oil passage (3) includes an oil inlet passage, which is connected to the inlet of the electronic pump (5); The lubrication system also includes: A first filter (6) is located in the oil inlet and is configured to filter the lubricating oil before it enters the electronic pump (5).

3. The lubrication system for the gearbox according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The lubricating oil passage (3) includes a first oil passage connected to the outlet of the electronic pump (5); The lubrication system also includes: The second filter (7) is located in the first oil passage and is configured to filter the lubricating oil discharged by the electronic pump (5).

4. The lubrication system for the gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lubrication system also includes: A heat exchanger (8) is located in the lubricating oil channel (3) along the flow direction of the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil channel (3). The heat exchanger (8) is located downstream of the outlet of the electronic pump (5) and upstream of the oil injection port (4).

5. The lubrication system for the gearbox according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the lubricating oil channel (3), the inner diameter of the channel section located downstream of the heat exchanger (8) is consistent.

6. The lubrication system for the gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lubricating oil channel (3) includes multiple branch channels, and at least one branch channel is provided with at least one oil injection port (4). The transmission component (2) includes multiple parts to be lubricated, and each part to be lubricated corresponds to at least one oil injection port (4).

7. The lubrication system for the gearbox according to claim 6, characterized in that, The injection direction of the fuel injector (4) has an angle of 0 to 180 degrees with the extension direction of the branch channel it is located in.

8. The lubrication system for the gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (1) includes: Main housing (13); The first cover (11) and the second cover (12) are located on both sides of the main housing (13) along the axial direction, and together enclose a cavity for accommodating the transmission assembly (2); The lubricating oil passage (3) includes a third passage section disposed in the wall of the main housing (13), a first oil passage section disposed in the wall of the first cover (11), and a second passage section disposed in the wall of the second cover (12); wherein the third passage section is connected to the first oil passage section through a first guide sleeve, and / or the third passage section is connected to the second passage section through a second guide sleeve.

9. The lubrication system for the gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission assembly (2) includes a bearing housing with two ribs. The oil nozzle (4) includes a first oil nozzle facing between the two ribs, so as to guide the lubricating oil through the two ribs to flow to the lubrication part of the bearing installed on the bearing housing.

10. The lubrication system for the gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission assembly (2) includes meshing gears, the part to be lubricated includes a gear meshing area, and the oil injector (4) includes a second oil injector facing the gear meshing area.

11. The lubrication system for the gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission assembly (2) includes a first bearing, and the wall of the housing (1) is provided with a guide groove that extends to the first bearing. The oil injection port (4) includes a third oil injection port that faces the guide groove so as to guide lubricating oil to the part of the first bearing to be lubricated by the guide groove.

12. The lubrication system for the gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission assembly (2) includes a first shaft and a second bearing. The first shaft has a first channel, and the inner wall of the first channel has an internal spline for engaging with the external spline of the motor shaft. The first shaft has a first oil guide hole that communicates with the first channel. The second bearing is supported on the outer peripheral surface of the first shaft and is located radially outside the first oil guide hole; the oil injection port (4) includes a fourth oil injection port, which is directed toward the mating area of ​​the inner spline and the outer spline to introduce lubricating oil into the first channel, and the first oil guide hole is configured to guide the lubricating oil in the first channel to the part of the second bearing to be lubricated.

13. The lubrication system for the gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission assembly (2) includes a second shaft and a third bearing. The second shaft has a second channel and a second oil guide hole communicating with the second channel. The third bearing is supported on the outer circumferential surface of the second shaft and is located radially outside the second oil guide hole. The oil injection port (4) includes a fifth oil injection port facing the second channel. The second oil guide hole is configured to guide the lubricating oil in the second channel to the part of the third bearing to be lubricated.

14. The lubrication system for the gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission assembly (2) includes a fourth bearing. The surface of the housing (1) has an opening that communicates with the lubricating oil channel (3). The fourth bearing covers part of the opening so that the uncovered part of the opening forms a sixth oil injection port. The sixth oil injection port faces the part of the fourth bearing to be lubricated.

15. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes an electric drive axle, the electric drive axle including a lubrication system for the gearbox according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

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