Coarse aggregate grading and grain shape detection equipment and detection method

Abstract

The invention discloses coarse aggregate grading and grain shape detection equipment and a detection method. The equipment comprises a rack, a detection platform, a coarse aggregate dispersing mechanism, an up-down camera shooting assembly and a bearing plate cleaning mechanism. The detection platform is provided with a base plate and a transparent bearing plate capable of reciprocating, and the bearing plate sequentially passes through a material receiving position, a detection position and a cleaning position; the substrate is provided with a shooting window at the detection position to completely expose the bearing plate. The coarse aggregate dispersing mechanism is located above the material receiving position and used for dispersing and evenly laying coarse aggregate. The upper and lower camera assemblies are located on the upper and lower sides of the detection position and synchronously collect three-dimensional point cloud data of the top and bottom of coarse aggregate; the cleaning mechanism is located above the cleaning position and used for automatically cleaning the bearing plate. Through vertical synchronous three-dimensional imaging of the coarse aggregate, particle stacking and bottom surface data missing are effectively avoided, and the detection precision and efficiency are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building material testing equipment technology, specifically to a coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape testing equipment and method. Background Technology

[0002] As a key component of cement concrete and asphalt mixtures, coarse aggregates have a decisive impact on project quality due to their particle size distribution, content of flaky and needle-like particles, and content of irregular particles. A reasonable gradation can effectively reduce aggregate porosity and improve the density and strength of the mixture; conversely, excessively high contents of flaky and needle-like particles significantly weaken the interlocking force between aggregates, reducing the workability of fresh concrete and leading to defects such as internal micro-cracks after hardening, thus compromising the long-term durability and compressive strength of the project. Therefore, accurate testing of these indicators is a crucial step in ensuring project quality.

[0003] Currently, although relevant national standards have clear limits for these indicators, traditional testing methods mainly rely on manual sieving, standard instruments or vernier calipers for measurement. These methods have inherent defects such as low testing efficiency, cumbersome procedures, easy clogging of sieve holes, and results that are easily affected by the subjective factors of operators. They are difficult to meet the needs of modern engineering for rapid and accurate quality control.

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods, new detection technologies based on machine vision or 3D point cloud scanning have emerged in recent years, demonstrating significant advantages in automation and detection efficiency. However, these technologies still have limitations in practical applications: some systems experience reduced accuracy when dealing with scenarios involving large amounts of overlapping particles; some 3D scanning technologies are limited by their detection range and cannot completely acquire point cloud data of the bottom surface of aggregate particles, leading to distorted detection results. Therefore, there is an urgent practical need to develop an integrated device capable of quickly, accurately, and automatically performing intelligent detection of multiple indicators. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape detection device, which solves the problems of low efficiency and subjective results of traditional coarse aggregate detection methods, as well as insufficient detection accuracy of existing vision technology due to particle stacking and missing bottom surface data.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape detection device includes a frame, on which are mounted:

[0008] The testing platform includes a substrate and a transparent support plate that can reciprocate along the length of the substrate. The support plate is used to receive coarse aggregate for testing and can move to the receiving position, the testing position and the cleaning position. The testing position is located between the receiving position and the cleaning position. The substrate has a shooting window at the position corresponding to the testing position so that the support plate on it can be completely exposed.

[0009] The coarse aggregate dispersing mechanism is located above the material receiving position of the bearing plate. It is used to disperse the coarse aggregate and spread the dispersed coarse aggregate evenly on the bearing plate.

[0010] The upper and lower camera components are located on the upper and lower sides of the detection position of the support plate, and are used to synchronously collect the top and bottom three-dimensional point cloud data of the coarse aggregate on the support plate;

[0011] The support plate cleaning mechanism is located above the support plate cleaning position and is used to clean the support plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the coarse aggregate dispersion mechanism includes a vibration dispersion component and a feeding component, wherein the feeding component is mounted on the frame and suspended directly above the vibration dispersion component;

[0013] The vibration dispersion assembly includes a support frame installed on the ground, a straight vibrator pad installed on the support frame, a straight vibrator installed on the straight vibrator pad, and a downwardly inclined corrugated plate installed on the upper surface of the straight vibrator; feeding baffles are installed on both sides of the corrugated plate, and together with the corrugated plate, they form a vibration groove; the grooves on the corrugated plate extend along the length of the substrate and form a guide groove.

[0014] The feeding assembly includes a feeding hopper. A first electric cylinder mounting plate, fixed to the frame, is installed above the feeding inlet of the feeding hopper. A first electric cylinder is mounted on the upper surface of the first electric cylinder mounting plate, and a first linear guide rail is mounted on the lower surface. A first sliding block is mounted on the first linear guide rail. A horizontally arranged translation plate is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first sliding block. The output shaft of the first electric cylinder is fixedly connected to the translation plate via a first connecting plate and the translation plate. A vertically arranged speed-regulating motor mounting plate is mounted on the side of the translation plate. A speed-regulating motor is mounted on the speed-regulating motor mounting plate. The rotating shaft of the speed-regulating motor extends into a horizontally opened strip hole in the side wall of the feeding hopper and is connected to a roller brush in the feeding inlet of the feeding hopper to drive the roller brush to rotate. The axis of the output shaft of the first electric cylinder is parallel to the axis of the first linear guide rail and perpendicular to the axis of the roller brush.

[0015] The discharge port of the hopper is located directly above the upper end of the vibrating trough; the vibrating trough is located directly above the material receiving position of the bearing plate.

[0016] Furthermore, a funnel is installed above the feed inlet of the hopper, and the funnel and the first electric cylinder mounting plate are respectively placed on opposite sides of the feed inlet of the hopper; two parallel horizontally arranged dispersing shafts are installed inside the funnel, and multiple dispersing rods are arranged at intervals along their axial direction on each of the two dispersing shafts. All dispersing rods on the same dispersing shaft are arranged parallel to each other and perpendicular to the dispersing shaft, and the dispersing rods on the two dispersing shafts are staggered in the direction perpendicular to the dispersing shaft; a second electric cylinder mounting seat is provided on the side of the funnel, and a second electric cylinder is installed on the second electric cylinder mounting seat. The output shaft of the second electric cylinder is connected to the two dispersing shafts arranged in the funnel through a connecting rod, driving the two dispersing shafts to rotate, thereby driving the dispersing rods to rotate.

[0017] Furthermore, a discharge chute is provided at the feed inlet of the funnel.

[0018] Furthermore, a second linear guide rail is provided at each end of the upper surface of the substrate along the width direction, a second sliding block is provided on each of the two second linear guide rails, and a carrier plate mounting plate is installed on each of the two second sliding blocks. The upper ends of the two carrier plate mounting plates on opposite sides are provided with mounting grooves along the length direction of the substrate, and the carrier plate is installed in the mounting grooves.

[0019] A synchronous belt drive mechanism is provided on one side of the substrate parallel to the length direction of the substrate. The synchronous belt drive mechanism includes a driving wheel, a driven wheel and a synchronous belt wound around the driving wheel and the driven wheel, all driven by a motor. A third sliding block is provided on the synchronous belt. The third sliding block is connected to the support plate mounting plate through a fixed block to drive the support plate mounting plate and the transparent support plate to reciprocate along the second linear guide rail.

[0020] Furthermore, the drive motor of the synchronous belt transmission mechanism is a servo motor, and the servo motor has a built-in encoder; the detection platform is provided with a positioning component, which includes a signal sensing sheet installed on the side of the support plate mounting plate, and three slotted photoelectric sensors arranged along the moving path of the support plate, corresponding to the positive limit position, the origin position and the negative limit position respectively; wherein, the sensor at the origin position is configured such that when it is triggered by the signal sensing sheet, the support plate is exactly located directly above the shooting window.

[0021] Furthermore, both the upper camera assembly and the lower camera assembly include a camera and an optical engine. The shooting lens of the camera and the light-emitting lens of the optical engine are both positioned facing the shooting window, and both are covered with a transparent protective cover on their outer sides.

[0022] Furthermore, a discharge trough is provided on one end of the lower surface of the substrate corresponding to the cleaning position.

[0023] Furthermore, the carrier plate cleaning mechanism includes a rodless cylinder mounted on the frame, the axis of the rodless cylinder being parallel to the moving direction of the carrier plate; a sliding cylinder mounting block is fixed on the slider of the rodless cylinder, a sliding cylinder is mounted on the sliding cylinder mounting block, the piston rod of the sliding cylinder is arranged vertically and fixedly connected to a scraper plate to drive the scraper plate to move closer to or away from the carrier plate; a brush and a dust removal air knife are arranged side by side on the scraper plate.

[0024] A method for testing coarse aggregates, using the aforementioned equipment, includes the following steps:

[0025] (1) Move the transparent support plate to the receiving position, and disperse the coarse aggregate through the coarse aggregate dispersing mechanism and feed it onto the transparent support plate;

[0026] (2) Drive the transparent carrier plate to move to the detection position between the upper camera assembly and the lower camera assembly;

[0027] (3) The top and bottom three-dimensional point cloud data of the coarse aggregate are collected synchronously by the upper camera component and the lower camera component. Based on the three-dimensional point cloud data, the gradation and particle shape index of the coarse aggregate are calculated.

[0028] (4) Continue to move the carrier plate to the cleaning position and start the carrier plate cleaning mechanism to clean the carrier plate in preparation for the next shooting measurement.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. This invention provides a coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape detection device. By setting up a coarse aggregate dispersion mechanism including a vibration dispersion component and a feeding component, a detection platform with a movable transparent support plate, and camera components set on the upper and lower sides of the support plate, it realizes automatic and uniform dispersion of aggregate, unobstructed double-sided three-dimensional image synchronous acquisition, and automatic cleaning of the detection platform. It effectively solves the problem of insufficient detection accuracy caused by particle stacking and missing bottom surface data in traditional methods, and significantly improves the automation level and accuracy of detection results.

[0031] 2. This invention provides a method for detecting coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape. Based on the above-mentioned equipment, a fully automated detection process of "dispersion-conveying-shooting-cleaning" is realized. By controlling the synchronous coordination of aggregate dispersion and bearing plate movement, combined with the synchronous acquisition and data analysis of three-dimensional point cloud from the upper and lower perspectives, not only is human error avoided, ensuring the standardization of the detection process and the repeatability of the results, but also the detection efficiency of coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape indicators is greatly improved. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape detection equipment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the coarse aggregate dispersion mechanism of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the roller brush drive mechanism in the coarse aggregate dispersion mechanism of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the funnel structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the detection platform structure from the side view of the synchronous belt drive mechanism of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the detection platform structure from the side view of the positioning component of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the camera component of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the carrier plate cleaning mechanism of the present invention.

[0040] In the diagram, 1 is the frame, 2 is the coarse aggregate dispersion mechanism, 3 is the detection platform, 4 is the bearing plate cleaning mechanism, 5 is the upper camera assembly, and 6 is the lower camera assembly; 2-1 is the support frame, 2-2 is the linear vibrator pad, 2-3 is the linear vibrator, 2-4 is the corrugated plate, 2-5 is the discharge baffle, 2-6 is the discharge hopper, 2-7 is the first electric cylinder mounting plate, 2-8 is the first electric cylinder, 2-9 is the first linear guide rail, 2-10 is the first sliding block, 2-11 is the translation plate, 2-12 is the first connecting plate, 2-13 is the speed-regulating motor mounting plate, 2-14 is the speed-regulating motor, 2-15 is the roller brush, 2-16 is the funnel, 2-17 is the second electric cylinder mounting base, 2-18 is the second electric cylinder, 2-19 is the connecting rod, 2-20 is the dispersion shaft, and 2-15 is the lower... Material trough 2-21, dispersing rod 2-22, vibration trough 2-23, base plate 3-1, bearing plate 3-2, second linear guide rail 3-3, second sliding block 3-4, bearing plate mounting plate 3-5, driving wheel 3-6, driven wheel 3-7, synchronous belt 3-8, third sliding block 3-9, fixing block 3-10, discharge trough 3-11, positioning component 3-12, signal sensing plate 3-12-1, slot-shaped photoelectric sensor 3-12-2, shooting window 3-13, rodless cylinder 4-1, sliding table cylinder mounting block 4-2, sliding table cylinder 4-3, scraper 4-4, brush 4-5, dust removal air knife 4-6, camera 5-1, optical engine 5-2, protective cover 5-3. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figure 1 , Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape detection device, including a frame 1, on which:

[0044] The testing platform 3 includes a substrate 3-1 and a transparent support plate 3-2 that can reciprocate along the length of the substrate 3-1. The support plate 3-2 is used to receive and test coarse aggregate and can move to the receiving position, the testing position and the cleaning position. The testing position is located between the receiving position and the cleaning position. The substrate 3-1 has a shooting window 3-13 at the position corresponding to the testing position so that the support plate 3-2 on it can be completely exposed.

[0045] The coarse aggregate dispersing mechanism 2 is located above the material receiving position of the bearing plate 3-2. It is used to disperse the coarse aggregate and spread the dispersed coarse aggregate evenly on the bearing plate 3-2.

[0046] The upper camera assembly 5 and the lower camera assembly 6 are located on the upper and lower sides of the detection position of the support plate 3-2, and are used to synchronously collect the top and bottom three-dimensional point cloud data of the coarse aggregate on the support plate 3-2;

[0047] The carrier plate cleaning mechanism 4 is located above the cleaning position of the carrier plate 3-2 and is used to clean the carrier plate 3-2.

[0048] In specific implementation, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the coarse aggregate dispersion mechanism 2 includes a vibration dispersion component and a feeding component. The feeding component is mounted on the frame 1 and suspended directly above the vibration dispersion component.

[0049] The vibration dispersion assembly includes a support frame 2-1 installed on the ground, a straight vibrator pad 2-2 installed on the support frame 2-1, a straight vibrator 2-3 installed on the straight vibrator pad 2-2, and a downwardly inclined corrugated plate 2-4 installed on the upper surface of the straight vibrator 2-3; material discharge baffles 2-5 are installed on both sides of the corrugated plate 2-4, which together with the corrugated plate 2-4 form a vibration groove 2-23; the grooves on the corrugated plate 2-4 extend along the length of the substrate 3-1 and form a material guide groove;

[0050] The feeding assembly includes a feeding hopper 2-6. A first electric cylinder mounting plate 2-7, fixed to the frame 1, is installed above the feeding inlet of the feeding hopper 2-6. A first electric cylinder 2-8 is mounted on the upper surface of the first electric cylinder mounting plate 2-7, and a first linear guide rail 2-9 is mounted on the lower surface. A first sliding block 2-10 is mounted on the first linear guide rail 2-9. A horizontally arranged translation plate 2-11 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first sliding block 2-10. The output shaft of the first electric cylinder 2-8 is connected to the first connecting plate 2-12 and the translation plate 2-11. -11 Fixed connection; A vertically arranged speed-regulating motor mounting plate 2-13 is installed on the side of the translation plate 2-11, and a speed-regulating motor 2-14 is installed on the speed-regulating motor mounting plate 2-13. The rotating shaft of the speed-regulating motor 2-14 extends into a horizontally opened strip hole in the side wall of the hopper 2-6 and is connected to the roller brush 2-15 in the feed inlet of the hopper 2-6, driving the roller brush 2-15 to rotate; The axis of the output shaft of the first electric cylinder 2-8 is parallel to the axis of the first linear guide rail 2-9 and perpendicular to the axis of the roller brush 2-15;

[0051] The discharge port of the hopper 2-6 is located directly above the upper end of the vibrating trough 2-23; the vibrating trough 2-23 is located directly above the receiving position of the bearing plate 3-2. When the bearing plate is in the receiving position, the height difference between it and the discharge port of the vibrating trough should be as small as possible to avoid affecting the uniformity of the coarse aggregate that has been evenly distributed on the vibrating trough due to the uncontrollable falling process.

[0052] In this way, the combination of vibration and brushing achieves multi-stage efficient dispersion of coarse aggregates, effectively preventing particle stacking and outlet blockage, laying the foundation for the accuracy of subsequent visual inspection. During the brushing process, the roller brush contains many brush strips, which have a blocking effect on the coarse aggregates. The rotation speed of the roller brush can be adjusted by adjusting the speed of the speed-regulating motor, thereby adjusting the feeding speed. During brushing, the distance between the roller brush and the discharge port of the hopper can also be adjusted by adjusting the extension and retraction of the output shaft of the first electric cylinder, thereby adjusting the feeding speed.

[0053] In specific implementation, such as Figure 4As shown, a funnel 2-16 is also installed above the feed inlet of the hopper 2-6. The funnel 2-16 and the first electric cylinder mounting plate 2-7 are positioned on opposite sides of the feed inlet of the hopper 2-6. Two parallel horizontally arranged dispersing shafts 2-20 are installed inside the funnel. Multiple dispersing rods 2-22 are spaced apart along the axial direction on each of the two dispersing shafts 2-20. All dispersing rods 2-22 on the same dispersing shaft 2-20 are parallel and perpendicular to the shaft. The dispersing rods 2-22 on both dispersing shafts 2-20 are perpendicular to each other. The components are arranged in an alternating pattern in the direction perpendicular to the dispersing shaft 2-20; a second electric cylinder mounting base 2-17 is provided on the side of the funnel 2-16, and a second electric cylinder 2-18 is mounted on the second electric cylinder mounting base 2-17. The output shaft of the second electric cylinder 2-18 is vertically arranged and is connected to the two dispersing shafts 2-20 arranged in the funnel 2-16 through two sets of left and right symmetrical connecting rods 2-19 respectively. The second electric cylinder 2-18 converts the linear motion of the electric cylinder into the rotational motion of the shaft through the linkage mechanism, driving the two dispersing shafts 2-20 to rotate, thereby driving the dispersing rod 2-22 to rotate.

[0054] The function of the dispersing rod is to break up the coarse aggregate as soon as it slides into the equipment, ensuring that the aggregate can smoothly and evenly enter the subsequent dispersion process. This lays the foundation for the final single-layer, non-overlapping laying of particles, thereby fundamentally ensuring the accuracy and reliability of subsequent three-dimensional visual inspection.

[0055] In specific implementation, a discharge trough 2-21 is provided at the feed inlet of the funnel 2-16.

[0056] This makes feeding easier and avoids waste caused by coarse aggregate spilling outside the coarse aggregate dispersion mechanism during the rotation of the dispersing rod.

[0057] In specific implementation, such as Figure 5 As shown, a second linear guide rail 3-3 is provided at both ends of the upper surface of the substrate 3-1 along the width direction. A second sliding block 3-4 is provided on each of the two second linear guide rails 3-3. A carrier plate mounting plate 3-5 is installed on each of the two second sliding blocks 3-4. The upper ends of the two carrier plate mounting plates 3-5 on opposite sides are provided with mounting grooves along the length direction of the substrate 3-1. The carrier plate 3-2 is installed in the mounting groove.

[0058] A synchronous belt drive mechanism is provided on one side of the substrate 3-1 parallel to the length direction of the substrate 3-1. The synchronous belt drive mechanism includes a driving pulley 3-6 driven by a motor, a driven pulley 3-7, and a synchronous belt 3-8 wound around the driving pulley 3-6 and the driven pulley 3-7. A third sliding block 3-9 is provided on the synchronous belt 3-8. The third sliding block 3-9 is connected to the support plate mounting plate 3-5 through a fixing block 3-10 to drive the support plate mounting plate 3-5 and the transparent support plate 3-2 to reciprocate along the second linear guide rail 3-3.

[0059] The drive system operates smoothly and is precisely positioned, ensuring that the carrier plate can reliably reciprocate between different workstations.

[0060] In specific implementation, bearing plate fixing blocks are placed at both ends of the bearing plate 3-2 along the width direction of the substrate. The bearing plate fixing blocks are fixedly connected to the bearing plate mounting plate by bolts to lock the bearing plate 3-2.

[0061] This effectively prevents the support plate from shifting or shaking during reciprocating movement, thus ensuring the accuracy and stability of the image acquisition position.

[0062] In a specific implementation, a discharge groove 3-11 is provided on one end of the lower surface of the substrate 3-1 corresponding to the cleaning position.

[0063] The design of the discharge chute allows the waste and dust after cleaning to be concentrated and removed, keeping the inside of the equipment clean and avoiding secondary pollution.

[0064] The device also includes a control unit, which is connected to the direct vibrator 2-3, the speed regulating motor 2-14, the first electric cylinder 2-8, and the second electric cylinder 2-18 via signal connection.

[0065] In specific implementation, such as Figure 6 As shown, the drive motor of the synchronous belt transmission mechanism is a servo motor, and the servo motor has a built-in encoder; the detection platform 3 is provided with a positioning component 3-12, which includes a signal sensing piece 3-12-1 installed on the side of the support plate mounting plate 3-5, and three slotted photoelectric sensors 3-12-2 arranged along the moving path of the support plate 3-2, corresponding to the positive limit position, the origin position and the negative limit position respectively; wherein, the sensor at the origin position is configured such that when it is triggered by the signal sensing piece 3-12-1, the transparent support plate 3-2 is exactly above the shooting window 3-13.

[0066] The servo motor, encoder, and slotted photoelectric sensor are all electrically connected to the control unit.

[0067] A unique absolute coordinate reference point is established for the entire detection platform by setting a slot-type photoelectric sensor at the origin point. Using this origin point as the coordinate reference point, fixed distance values ​​from the origin point (detection position) to the receiving position and from the origin point to the cleaning position are pre-stored in the control unit. When the carrier plate needs to be driven to the receiving or cleaning position, the control unit issues a command to start the servo motor to drive the carrier plate. During the movement, the encoder provides real-time feedback on the distance the carrier plate has moved, which is compared with the pre-stored target distance value to control the carrier plate to accurately position itself at the aforementioned workstation. Simultaneously, when the carrier plate moves to the detection position at the shooting window, its signal sensing element triggers the origin point sensor. At this time, the control unit receives the signal and resets the encoder count to zero, thereby eliminating any cumulative errors that may occur during the movement and ensuring the repeatability and accuracy of the carrier plate's position during each shot. The positive and negative limit sensors serve as hardware safety protection. When the carrier plate moves beyond its normal operating range, the sensors are triggered and send a signal to the control unit, immediately stopping the servo motor and preventing equipment damage.

[0068] In specific implementation, such as Figure 7 As shown, both the upper camera assembly 5 and the lower camera assembly 6 include a camera 5-1 and an optical engine 5-2. The shooting lens of the camera 5-1 and the light-emitting lens of the optical engine 5-2 are both positioned facing the shooting window 3-13, and both are covered by a transparent protective cover 5-3 on their outer sides.

[0069] In this way, the optical engine can provide supplemental lighting to the coarse aggregate during camera shooting, making the image brighter and clearer; while the transparent protective cover can effectively protect the delicate optical components from on-site dust pollution and accidental collisions, ensuring stable imaging quality and extending the service life of the equipment; if there is a layer of dust deposited on the surface of the protective cover, the protective cover can be cleaned to avoid damaging the lens by directly cleaning it.

[0070] In specific implementation, there are two cameras 5-1, with the shooting lenses of the two cameras 5-1 facing each other, so that the optical axes of the two cameras 5-1 intersect in a figure-eight or inverted figure-eight shape at the shooting window 3-13, and the optical engine 5-2 is located between the two cameras 5-1.

[0071] The dual cameras are arranged in a figure-eight or inverted figure-eight shape, which can simultaneously collect data from different perspectives, effectively expanding the coverage area and reducing visual blind spots, thereby significantly improving the integrity and reconstruction accuracy of 3D point cloud data; and the optical engine located between the two cameras can achieve more uniform illumination of the material.

[0072] In specific implementation, such as Figure 8As shown, the carrier plate cleaning mechanism 4 includes a rodless cylinder 4-1 mounted on the frame 1. The axis of the slide rod of the rodless cylinder 4-1 is parallel to the moving direction of the carrier plate 3-2. A slide cylinder mounting block 4-2 is mounted on the slider of the rodless cylinder 4-1. A slide cylinder 4-3 is mounted on the slide cylinder mounting block 4-2. The piston rod of the slide cylinder 4-3 is arranged vertically and fixedly connected to a scraper 4-4 to drive the scraper 4-4 to move closer to or away from the carrier plate 3-2. A brush 4-5 and a dust removal air knife 4-6 are arranged side by side on the scraper 4-4 to clean the carrier plate 3-2.

[0073] This cleaning system integrates mechanical scraping and pneumatic dust removal, which can efficiently and thoroughly remove residual particles and dust from the support plate, achieving rapid self-cleaning and providing a clean working surface for the next inspection.

[0074] In specific implementation, an effective detection area is provided in the middle of the support plate 3-2. When the support plate moves to the receiving position, the edge of the effective detection area near the cleaning position is flush with the lower edge of the vibration groove. The area of ​​the effective detection area is 300mm x 300mm, and the effective moving stroke of the support plate 3-2 is 800mm.

[0075] This size design ensures a sufficient sample volume for testing while maintaining the compactness of the equipment, meeting the sampling and efficiency requirements of standard testing procedures.

[0076] In specific implementation, the supporting plate 3-2 is a glass plate.

[0077] In practice, the rodless cylinder 4-1, the slide cylinder 4-3, the dust removal air knife 4-6, the camera 5-1, and the optical engine 5-2 are all connected to the control unit via signal.

[0078] Working Principle: This invention utilizes automated control and 3D machine vision technology to achieve intelligent detection of coarse aggregates throughout the entire process, from dispersion and imaging to cleaning. Its core working process is as follows:

[0079] (1) Prepare to receive material: Start the drive motor on the testing platform 3 to move the transparent carrier plate 3-2 from the original position to the receiving position and wait to receive material;

[0080] (2) Feeding and aggregate dispersion: The coarse aggregate to be tested is fed into the funnel 2-16 through the feeding trough 2-21. The second electric cylinder 2-18 installed on the funnel drives the two dispersion shafts 2-20 to rotate through the connecting rod 2-19, and further drives the dispersion rod 2-22 to disperse the aggregate so that it can be evenly dispersed into the feeding hopper 2-6.

[0081] (3) Controllable feeding and vibration leveling: In the feeding hopper, the roller brush 2-15 driven by the speed-regulating motor 2-14 rotates continuously to prevent the discharge port from being blocked. At the same time, the first electric cylinder 2-8 drives the entire roller brush assembly to move horizontally through the first linear guide rail 2-9 and the translation plate 2-11, thereby precisely adjusting the gap between the roller brush and the discharge port of the feeding hopper to control the feeding speed. The aggregate falls through this gap onto the inclined corrugated plate 2-4, and the vibration generated by the straight vibrator 2-3 causes the aggregate to slide down the guide trough in a single layer and evenly on the corrugated plate, and finally be discharged from the vibration trough 2-23.

[0082] (4) Synchronous material receiving and precise positioning: At the same time as the vibrating trough 2-23 starts feeding material, the bearing plate 3-2 moves from the receiving position to the detection position to ensure that the feeding material can be continuously and evenly laid on the surface of the bearing plate 3-2 and avoid stacking. When the material fills the effective detection area of ​​the bearing plate 3-2, the vibrator 2-3 is turned off to stop feeding material, and the bearing plate continues to move to the detection position. During this movement, the movement of the bearing plate is monitored in real time by the positioning component 3-12 and the encoder of the servo motor. When the signal sensing piece 3-12-1 installed on the bearing plate mounting plate 3-5 triggers the origin position slot type photoelectric sensor located above the shooting window 3-13, the control unit immediately stops the drive motor. At this time, the bearing plate has been precisely moved to the preset shooting position.

[0083] (5) 3D Image Acquisition and Data Analysis: When the support plate is stabilized at the shooting position, the upper camera component 5 and the lower camera component 6 facing the shooting window on the substrate 3-1 are started synchronously to acquire the top and bottom 3D point cloud data of the coarse aggregate on the support plate, respectively. Since the support plate and the aggregate on it are completely suspended and exposed at the shooting window, the integrity and unobstructedness of the bottom point cloud data are ensured. Based on the acquired complete 3D point cloud data, the control unit calculates the gradation and particle shape index of the coarse aggregate through the built-in algorithm.

[0084] (6) Waste removal and platform self-cleaning: After the test is completed, the control unit drives the motor to start again and moves the support plate carrying the waste aggregate to the cleaning position. The support plate cleaning mechanism 4 is started, the slide cylinder 4-3 is activated, pushing the scraper 4-4 down so that the brush 4-5 on it is in close contact with the surface of the support plate; then, the rodless cylinder 4-1 drives the entire cleaning assembly to move along the support plate, the brush sweeps the aggregate into the discharge trough 3-11, and at the same time the dust removal air knife 4-6 is activated to blow away the dust, ensuring that the support plate is as clean as before, and preparing for the next test. Finally, the support plate 3-2 is moved back to the original position for the next measurement.

[0085] At this point, the equipment has completed a full testing cycle, achieving high-precision, automated testing of coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape.

[0086] Example 2

[0087] The present invention also provides a method for detecting coarse aggregates using the above-mentioned equipment, comprising the following steps:

[0088] (1) Move the transparent support plate to the receiving position, and disperse the coarse aggregate through the coarse aggregate dispersing mechanism and feed it onto the transparent support plate;

[0089] (2) Drive the transparent carrier plate to move to the detection position between the upper camera assembly and the lower camera assembly;

[0090] (3) The top and bottom three-dimensional point cloud data of the coarse aggregate are collected synchronously by the upper camera component and the lower camera component. Based on the three-dimensional point cloud data, the gradation and particle shape index of the coarse aggregate are calculated.

[0091] (4) Continue to move the carrier plate to the cleaning position and start the carrier plate cleaning mechanism to clean the carrier plate in preparation for the next shooting measurement.

[0092] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the technical solutions. Those skilled in the art should understand that any modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape detection device, comprising a frame, characterized in that, The frame is equipped with: The testing platform includes a substrate and a transparent support plate that can reciprocate along the length of the substrate. The support plate is used to receive coarse aggregate for testing and can move to the receiving position, the testing position and the cleaning position. The testing position is located between the receiving position and the cleaning position. The substrate has a shooting window at the position corresponding to the testing position so that the support plate on it can be completely exposed. The coarse aggregate dispersing mechanism is located above the material receiving position of the bearing plate. It is used to disperse the coarse aggregate and spread the dispersed coarse aggregate evenly on the bearing plate. The upper and lower camera components are located on the upper and lower sides of the detection position of the support plate, and are used to synchronously collect the top and bottom three-dimensional point cloud data of the coarse aggregate on the support plate; The support plate cleaning mechanism is located above the support plate cleaning position and is used to clean the support plate.

2. The coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape detection equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coarse aggregate dispersion mechanism includes a vibration dispersion component and a feeding component. The feeding component is mounted on the frame and suspended directly above the vibration dispersion component. The vibration dispersion assembly includes a support frame installed on the ground, a straight vibrator pad installed on the support frame, a straight vibrator installed on the straight vibrator pad, and a downwardly inclined corrugated plate installed on the upper surface of the straight vibrator; feeding baffles are installed on both sides of the corrugated plate, and together with the corrugated plate, they form a vibration groove; the grooves on the corrugated plate extend along the length of the substrate and form a guide groove. The feeding assembly includes a feeding hopper. A first electric cylinder mounting plate, fixed to the frame, is installed above the feeding inlet of the feeding hopper. A first electric cylinder is mounted on the upper surface of the first electric cylinder mounting plate, and a first linear guide rail is mounted on the lower surface. A first sliding block is mounted on the first linear guide rail. A horizontally arranged translation plate is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first sliding block. The output shaft of the first electric cylinder is fixedly connected to the translation plate via a first connecting plate and the translation plate. A vertically arranged speed-regulating motor mounting plate is mounted on the side of the translation plate. A speed-regulating motor is mounted on the speed-regulating motor mounting plate. The rotating shaft of the speed-regulating motor extends into a horizontally opened strip hole in the side wall of the feeding hopper and is connected to a roller brush in the feeding inlet of the feeding hopper to drive the roller brush to rotate. The axis of the output shaft of the first electric cylinder is parallel to the axis of the first linear guide rail and perpendicular to the axis of the roller brush. The discharge port of the hopper is located directly above the upper end of the vibrating trough; the vibrating trough is located directly above the material receiving position of the bearing plate.

3. The coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape detection equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, A funnel is installed above the feed inlet of the hopper, and the funnel and the first electric cylinder mounting plate are placed on opposite sides of the feed inlet of the hopper. Two parallel horizontally arranged dispersing shafts are installed inside the funnel. Multiple dispersing rods are arranged at intervals along the axial direction on each of the two dispersing shafts. All dispersing rods on the same dispersing shaft are arranged parallel to each other and perpendicular to the shaft. The dispersing rods on the two dispersing shafts are staggered in the direction perpendicular to the shaft. A second electric cylinder mounting seat is provided on the side of the funnel. A second electric cylinder is installed on the second electric cylinder mounting seat. The output shaft of the second electric cylinder is connected to the two dispersing shafts in the funnel through a connecting rod, driving the two dispersing shafts to rotate, thereby driving the dispersing rods to rotate.

4. The coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape detection equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The funnel is equipped with a discharge chute at its inlet.

5. The coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape detection equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the substrate is provided with a second linear guide rail at each end along the width direction. A second sliding block is provided on each of the two second linear guide rails. A carrier plate mounting plate is installed on each of the two second sliding blocks. The upper ends of the two carrier plate mounting plates on opposite sides are provided with mounting grooves along the length direction of the substrate. The carrier plate is installed in the mounting groove. A synchronous belt drive mechanism is provided on one side of the substrate parallel to the length direction of the substrate. The synchronous belt drive mechanism includes a driving wheel, a driven wheel and a synchronous belt wound around the driving wheel and the driven wheel, all driven by a motor. A third sliding block is provided on the synchronous belt. The third sliding block is connected to the support plate mounting plate through a fixed block to drive the support plate mounting plate and the transparent support plate to reciprocate along the second linear guide rail.

6. The coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape detection equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The drive motor of the synchronous belt transmission mechanism is a servo motor, and the servo motor has a built-in encoder; the detection platform is provided with a positioning component, which includes a signal sensing sheet installed on the side of the support plate mounting plate, and three slotted photoelectric sensors arranged along the moving path of the support plate, corresponding to the positive limit position, the origin position and the negative limit position respectively; wherein, the sensor at the origin position is configured such that when it is triggered by the signal sensing sheet, the support plate is exactly located directly above the shooting window.

7. The coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape detection equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the upper camera assembly and the lower camera assembly include a camera and an optical engine. The shooting lens of the camera and the light-emitting lens of the optical engine are both positioned facing the shooting window, and both are covered with a transparent protective cover on their outer sides.

8. The coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape detection equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, A discharge trough is provided on one end of the lower surface of the substrate corresponding to the cleaning position.

9. The coarse aggregate gradation and particle shape detection equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carrier plate cleaning mechanism includes a rodless cylinder mounted on a frame, the axis of which is parallel to the moving direction of the carrier plate; a sliding cylinder mounting block is fixed on the slider of the rodless cylinder, a sliding cylinder is mounted on the sliding cylinder mounting block, the piston rod of the sliding cylinder is arranged vertically and fixedly connected to a scraper to drive the scraper to move closer to or away from the carrier plate; a brush and a dust removal air knife are arranged side by side on the scraper.

10. A method for detecting coarse aggregate, characterized in that, The detection using the device described in any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: (1) Move the transparent support plate to the receiving position, and disperse the coarse aggregate through the coarse aggregate dispersing mechanism and feed it onto the transparent support plate; (2) Drive the transparent carrier plate to move to the detection position between the upper camera assembly and the lower camera assembly; (3) The top and bottom three-dimensional point cloud data of the coarse aggregate are collected synchronously by the upper camera component and the lower camera component. Based on the three-dimensional point cloud data, the gradation and particle shape index of the coarse aggregate are calculated. (4) Continue to move the carrier plate to the cleaning position and start the carrier plate cleaning mechanism to clean the carrier plate in preparation for the next shooting measurement.

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