Advanced detection device and method for water delivery tunnel crossing complex geological structure

Abstract

The invention discloses an advanced detection device and method for a water delivery tunnel penetrating through a complex geological structure, belongs to the technical field of geological exploration, and can solve the problems that an existing geological advanced detection device is poor in adaptability, large in equipment and high in equipment cost. The device comprises a fixing mechanism which comprises a rack unit and a driving unit, the rack unit is fixed on a tunnel face, and the driving unit is arranged in the rack unit; the moving mechanism comprises a guide rail and a moving unit, the guide rail is connected to the driving unit, and the driving unit is used for driving the guide rail to rotate in the axial direction of the driving unit; the moving unit is fixed on the guide rail; the vibration mechanism is fixed to the moving unit, the moving unit is used for driving the vibration mechanism to move in the length direction of the guide rail, and the vibration mechanism is used for impacting the tunnel face to trigger seismic waves; the rack unit is used for applying adsorption force to the guide rail when the vibration mechanism impacts the tunnel face; and the detection mechanism is used for receiving seismic waves. The method is used for advanced detection of the water delivery tunnel.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a kind of water conveyance tunnel advanced detection device and method crossing complex geological structure, belong to geological exploration technical field. BACKGROUND

[0002] In tunnel construction and underground construction, advanced geological detection device is a device for detecting the geological conditions of the unexcavated area in front of the excavation face, which can be used for early warning of geological disasters and ensuring construction safety. Existing geological advanced prediction technology mainly includes geophysical prospecting method, drilling method and geological survey method. The geophysical prospecting method can be further divided into seismic wave reflection method, transient electromagnetic method and geological radar detection method. Seismic wave reflection method mainly relies on artificial excitation of seismic wave for detection. When seismic wave propagates in different underground media, it will reflect, refract and other physical phenomena when encountering impedance interface. By analyzing the seismic wave signals collected by the receiver, the geological structure of the unexcavated area can be inferred.

[0003] In seismic wave reflection technology, existing artificial seismic source mainly includes explosive source and controllable source. Explosive source generates strong shock wave by detonating explosive, but explosive source has high safety requirement, high destructive power and many limitations in use. Controllable source mainly generates seismic wave by controlling the impact of heavy hammer on the ground through hydraulic servo system. However, hydraulic servo system is large and complex, which is not convenient for transportation and installation in tunnel environment, and the equipment cost is high. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a kind of water conveyance tunnel advanced detection device and method crossing complex geological structure, which can solve the problem of poor adaptability of existing geological advanced detection device, large equipment leading to inconvenient transportation and installation, and high equipment cost.

[0005] In one aspect, the present application provides a kind of water conveyance tunnel advanced detection device crossing complex geological structure, which comprises: A fixing mechanism comprising a rack unit and a driving unit, the rack unit is fixed on the working face, and the driving unit is arranged in the rack unit; A moving mechanism comprising a guide rail and a moving unit, the guide rail is connected to the driving unit, and the driving unit is used to drive the guide rail to rotate along the axial direction of the driving unit; the moving unit is fixed on the guide rail; A vibration mechanism fixed on the moving unit, the moving unit is used to drive the vibration mechanism to move along the length direction of the guide rail, and the vibration mechanism is used to impact the working face to generate seismic wave; the rack unit is used to apply adsorption force to the guide rail when the vibration mechanism impacts the working face; A detection mechanism arranged on the inner wall of the tunnel, used to receive the seismic wave; A control unit is electrically connected with the fixing mechanism, the moving unit, the vibrating mechanism and the detecting mechanism, and is configured to control the fixing mechanism, the moving unit, the vibrating mechanism and the detecting mechanism.

[0006] Optionally, the rack unit comprises: A rack is fixed on the working face and has an axis perpendicular to the working face; A support base is arranged on the rack; A first electromagnet is fixed on a surface of the support base facing the guide rail, and is configured to attract the guide rail to the support base after being powered.

[0007] Optionally, the driving unit comprises: A first motor is arranged in the rack; A spline sleeve is fixed on the guide rail; A spline shaft is arranged in the support base and the spline sleeve, and is connected with the first motor, and the first motor is configured to drive the spline shaft to rotate, so as to drive the guide rail to rotate; A first spring is sleeved on the spline shaft, and two ends of the first spring are respectively abutted on an end surface of the spline sleeve away from the guide rail and an axial shoulder of the spline shaft.

[0008] Optionally, the moving unit comprises: A rack gear is arranged on the guide rail along a length direction of the guide rail; A sliding table is movably arranged on the guide rail, and the vibrating mechanism is fixed on the sliding table through a connecting member; A second motor is fixed on the sliding table; A first gear is installed on an output shaft of the second motor and is engaged with the rack gear, and the second motor is configured to drive the first gear to rotate, so as to drive the sliding table to move on the guide rail along the length direction of the guide rail.

[0009] Optionally, the vibrating mechanism comprises: A housing is installed on the moving unit; A flywheel component is arranged in the housing; A first transmission component is connected with the flywheel component, and the flywheel component is configured to drive the first transmission component to rotate; A first impact block is connected with the first transmission component, and is configured to move away from the flywheel component along an axis direction of the first transmission component under the driving of the first transmission component, so as to impact the working face; A second transmission component is connected with the flywheel component and the first impact block, and is configured to rotate under the driving of the flywheel component, so as to drive the first impact block to move close to the flywheel component.

[0010] Optionally, the flywheel component includes: The third motor is housed within the casing; First clutch; A first drive shaft is connected to the output shaft of the third motor via a first clutch; A flywheel is fixedly mounted on the first drive shaft, and the third motor is used to drive the flywheel to rotate. The flywheel is used to accumulate energy to provide torque.

[0011] Optionally, the first transmission component includes: Second clutch; The second drive shaft is disposed inside the housing and connected to the flywheel component via the second clutch, for rotating under the drive of the flywheel component; The first lead screw is coaxially connected to the second transmission shaft and passes through the first impact block, and is used to drive the first impact block to make a linear motion away from the flywheel component.

[0012] Optionally, the second transmission component includes: A reversing assembly, connected to the flywheel component, is used to reverse the transmission direction of the flywheel component; The third drive shaft is disposed inside the housing and connected to the reversing assembly; The fourth drive shaft is connected to the third drive shaft via the third clutch; The second lead screw is coaxially connected to the fourth transmission shaft and passes through the first impact block, and is used to drive the first impact block to make a linear motion close to the flywheel component.

[0013] Optionally, the vibration mechanism further includes: The second impact block is disposed on the side of the first impact block away from the flywheel component, and is used to gain momentum under the impact of the first impact block and impact the working face; A guide rod is inserted into the first and second impact blocks to guide and limit the first and second impact blocks; A spring component is inserted into the second transmission component to limit the movement of the first and second impact blocks.

[0014] Optionally, the vibration mechanism further includes: A bracket is disposed within the housing, and the first transmission component and the second transmission component pass through the bracket. The bracket is used to limit and support the first transmission component and the second transmission component.

[0015] Optionally, the detection mechanism includes: The base is fixed to the side wall of the tunnel; The detection module is installed inside the base and is detachably connected to the base, and is used to receive seismic waves on the tunnel sidewall.

[0016] On the other hand, the present invention provides an advanced detection method for an advanced detection device for water conveyance tunnels traversing complex geological structures as described above, the method comprising: S1. Install the fixing mechanism on the tunnel face and install the detection mechanism on the detection position on the inner wall of the tunnel; S2. Adjust the impact position of the vibration mechanism through the moving mechanism and the fixing mechanism; S3. The control unit controls the vibration mechanism to impact the tunnel face to generate seismic waves within the tunnel. S4. The control unit receives and processes the seismic wave signals received by the detection mechanism.

[0017] The beneficial effects that this invention can produce include: This invention provides an advanced detection device for water conveyance tunnels traversing complex geological structures, comprising a fixed mechanism, a moving mechanism, a vibration mechanism, a wave detector, and a control unit. The fixed mechanism is fixedly mounted on the tunnel face. The moving mechanism is mounted on the fixed mechanism and drives the moving mechanism to rotate around the axial direction of the fixed mechanism. The vibration mechanism is fixedly mounted on the moving mechanism and drives the vibration mechanism to move along its length. The fixed mechanism secures the vibration mechanism to the tunnel face when it impacts the tunnel face. The impact of the vibration mechanism on the tunnel face generates seismic waves. The wave detector is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the tunnel to receive the seismic waves generated by the vibration mechanism. The control unit controls the vibration mechanism and processes the seismic wave signals received by the wave detector. This invention adjusts the position of the vibration mechanism through the moving and fixed mechanisms, ensuring that the impact area of ​​the vibration mechanism covers the entire tunnel face. Furthermore, the miniaturized vibration mechanism design enhances the adaptability of the device, simplifies its structure, and makes it easier to use and transport. This solves the problems of poor adaptability and the large size and complexity of existing advanced geological detection devices that rely on hydraulic servo systems for controllable seismic sources. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the advanced detection device for water conveyance tunnels traversing complex geological structures provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Exploded view of the advanced detection device for water conveyance tunnels traversing complex geological structures provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the vibration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the vibration mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of the area circled in the middle; Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the fixing mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flywheel component provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the detector mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the control module connection structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure label: 10. Fixing mechanism; 11. Frame; 12. First electromagnet; 13. First spring; 14. Spline sleeve; 141. Stop; 15. Spline shaft; 151. Shoulder; 16. First motor; 17. First bearing; 18. Second bearing; 19. Support seat; 20. Moving mechanism; 21. Iron block; 22. Guide rail; 23. Rack; 24. First gear; 25. Second motor; 26. Slide table; 27. Connector; 30. Vibration mechanism; 31. Flywheel assembly; 311. Third motor; 312. Flywheel; 313. First clutch; 314. Protective cover; 315. Circuit board; 316. First drive shaft; 317. Speed ​​sensor; 32. First transmission component; 321. First lead screw; 322. Encoder; 323. Second drive shaft; 324. 33. Second clutch; 331. Second transmission component; 332. Reversing assembly; 3331. Second gear; 334. Third gear; 335. Third drive shaft; 36. Third clutch; 37. Fourth drive shaft; 38. Second lead screw; 39. First impact block; 30. First acceleration sensor; 31. Guide rod; 32. Second impact block; 333. Second acceleration sensor; 34. Bracket; 35. Electromagnetic pin; 36. Spring component; 37. Second spring; 38. Third spring; 39. Fourth spring; 40. Housing; 41. Detector mechanism; 42. Base; 43. Threaded end; 44. First support; 42. Detection module; 43. Detector; 44. Second electromagnet; 45. Second support; 56. Control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0020] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention can be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the invention with unnecessary detail.

[0021] This invention provides an advanced detection device for water conveyance tunnels traversing complex geological structures, such as... Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the device includes: The fixing mechanism 10 includes a frame unit and a drive unit. The frame unit is fixed on the working face, and the drive unit is disposed inside the frame unit. The moving mechanism 20 includes a guide rail 22 and a moving unit. The guide rail 22 is connected to the drive unit, and the drive unit is used to drive the guide rail 22 to rotate along the axis of the drive unit. The moving unit is fixed on the guide rail 22. The vibration mechanism 30 is fixed on the moving unit. The moving unit is used to drive the vibration mechanism 30 to move along the length of the guide rail 22. The vibration mechanism 30 is used to impact the working face to induce seismic waves. The frame unit is used to apply an adsorption force to the guide rail 22 when the vibration mechanism 30 impacts the working face. The detector 40 is installed on the inner wall of the tunnel to receive seismic waves; The control unit 50 is electrically connected to the fixed mechanism 10, the moving unit, the vibration mechanism 30, and the detection mechanism 40, and is used to control the operation of the fixed mechanism 10, the moving unit, the vibration mechanism 30, and the detection mechanism 40.

[0022] The position of the vibration mechanism 30 is adjusted by the moving mechanism 20 and the fixed mechanism 10 so that the impact area of ​​the vibration mechanism 30 covers the entire working face. At the same time, the miniaturized design of the vibration mechanism 30 makes the device more adaptable, simpler and smaller in structure, and easier to use and transport. This solves the problems of poor adaptability of existing geological advanced detection devices and the large and complex equipment caused by the use of hydraulic servo system for controllable vibration sources.

[0023] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the frame unit in the fixing mechanism 10 includes: The frame 11 is fixed on the working face, and its axis is perpendicular to the working face; Support base 19 is mounted on frame 11; The first electromagnet 12 is fixed on the surface of the support base 19 facing the guide rail 22, and is used to attract the guide rail 22 onto the support base 19 after being energized.

[0024] The drive unit in the fixed mechanism 10 includes: The first motor 16 is installed inside the frame 11; Spline sleeve 14 is fixed on guide rail 22; The spline shaft 15 is inserted into the support base 19 and the spline sleeve 14 and is connected to the first motor 16. The first motor 16 is used to drive the spline shaft 15 to rotate, so as to drive the guide rail 22 to rotate. The first spring 13 is sleeved on the spline shaft 15, and its two ends abut against the end face of the spline sleeve 14 away from the guide rail 22 and the shoulder 151 of the spline shaft 15, respectively.

[0025] In practical applications, there can be multiple vibration mechanisms 30 and multiple corresponding detection mechanisms 40. The present invention does not limit the specific number of vibration mechanisms 30 and detection mechanisms 40. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Examples of setting two vibration mechanisms 30 on the moving mechanism 20 are given.

[0026] In this embodiment, the working face is a vertical plane, and the splined shaft 15, used to transmit rotational power, is horizontally positioned. The support base 19 is fixed to the frame 11 by bolts, and the splined sleeve 14 is fixed to the guide rail 22 by bolts. The first end of the splined shaft 15 is provided with a spline, which passes through the splined sleeve 14. The splined shaft 15 moves axially within the splined sleeve 14. The end of the splined sleeve 14 away from the guide rail 22 is provided with a stop 141 to prevent the spline on the splined shaft 15 from detaching from the side away from the guide rail 22 along the axial direction of the splined sleeve 14. The stop 141 is used to limit the movement of the splined shaft 15. The second end of the splined shaft 15 is a smooth shaft, which is connected to the output shaft of the first motor 16 to drive the guide rail 22 to rotate around the axial direction of the splined shaft 15 under the drive of the first motor 16. A first bearing 17 and a second bearing 18 are fitted onto the spline shaft 15. A support base 19 has two bearing chambers for mounting the first bearing 17 and the second bearing 18. The support base 19 supports and limits the spline shaft 15 through the first bearing 17 and the second bearing 18. A shoulder 151 is also provided on the spline shaft 15, and a first spring 13 is fitted onto it. The first end of the first spring 13 abuts against the end face of the spline sleeve 14, and its second end abuts against the shoulder 151. The first spring 13 supports the guide rail 22 along the axial direction of the horizontally positioned spline shaft 15, further supporting the moving mechanism 20. A first electromagnet 12 is provided on the support base 19, and an iron block 21 is positioned at a corresponding position on the guide rail 22. When the first electromagnet 12 is energized, it can magnetically attract the iron block 21 along the axial direction of the spline shaft 15, thereby driving the moving mechanism 20 to approach the support base 19 along the axial direction of the spline shaft 15. Since the vibration ends of multiple vibration mechanisms 30 abut against the working face, the moving mechanism 20 can be moved closer to the support base 19 by the first electromagnet 12. As a result, multiple vibration mechanisms 30 arranged on the moving mechanism 20 are subjected to preload, and their vibration ends are tightly coupled to the working face, so that multiple vibration mechanisms 30 can better apply vibration to the working face.

[0027] In practical applications, preload is applied to the multiple vibration mechanisms 30 only when they need to impact the working face, via the iron block 21 and the first electromagnet 12. When the multiple vibration mechanisms 30 move along the length of the guide rail 22, and when the moving mechanism 20 rotates around the fixed mechanism 10, no preload is required; in these cases, the first spring 13 supports the moving mechanism 20 along the axial direction of the spline shaft 15. In this embodiment, two first electromagnets 12 and two iron blocks 21 are used. This invention does not employ the traditional method of applying preload via hydraulic cylinders, achieving the same function while simplifying the structure and enabling miniaturization of the equipment.

[0028] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the moving unit in the moving mechanism 20 includes: Rack 23 is disposed on guide rail 22 along the length of guide rail 22; The slide table 26 is movably mounted on the guide rail 22, and the vibration mechanism 30 is fixed to the slide table 26 via the connector 27; The second motor 25 is fixed on the slide table 26; The first gear 24 is mounted on the output shaft of the second motor 25 and meshes with the rack 23; the second motor 25 is used to drive the first gear 24 to rotate, so as to drive the slide table 26 to move along the length of the guide rail 22.

[0029] In this invention, a rack 23 extends along the length of a guide rail 22 and is mounted on the guide rail 22. Multiple slides 26 slide in contact with the guide rail 22. Each slide 26 is equipped with a second motor 25 and a vibration mechanism 30. A first gear 24 is mounted on the output shaft of each second motor 25. The second motor 25 drives the first gear 24 to rotate, and the first gear 24 meshes with the rack 23, thereby driving the slide 26 to move along the guide rail 22. In this embodiment, the vibration mechanism 30 is fixed to the slide 26 by a connector 27. The connector 27 can be bolted to both the vibration mechanism 30 and the slide 26. The control unit 50 is electrically connected to the first motor 16 and the multiple second motors 25, and is used to control the rotation of the first motor 16 and the multiple second motors 25.

[0030] This invention enables multiple vibration mechanisms 30 to be moved and rotated on the guide rail 22 via the guide rail 22, slide table 26, second motor 25, and first gear 24. By driving the multiple vibration mechanisms 30 to move and rotate, the multiple vibration mechanisms 30 can achieve full coverage of the entire tunnel face. However, the geological structure of the tunnel face is uneven, and the coupling between the vibration mechanism 30 and the tunnel face is also affected by various factors such as uneven soil moisture content. Therefore, by conducting full coverage tests on the entire tunnel face and repeating the tests multiple times, the accuracy of the final detection results can be improved.

[0031] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the vibration mechanism 30 includes: Housing 39, mounted on the mobile unit; Flywheel component 31 is disposed within housing 39; The first transmission component 32 is connected to the flywheel component 31, and the flywheel component 31 is used to drive the first transmission component 32 to rotate. The first impact block 34 is connected to the first transmission component 32 and is used to move away from the flywheel component 31 along the axial direction of the first transmission component 32 under the drive of the first transmission component 32, so as to impact the working face; The second transmission component 33 is connected to the flywheel component 31 and the first impact block 34, and is used to rotate under the drive of the flywheel component 31 to drive the first impact block 34 to move closer to the flywheel component 31.

[0032] The bracket 37 is disposed inside the housing 39. The first transmission component 32 and the second transmission component 33 pass through the bracket 37. The bracket 37 is used to limit and support the first transmission component 32 and the second transmission component 33.

[0033] In this invention, the housing 39 serves as the outer shell of the vibration mechanism 30. As a structural component, it protects, supports, and secures the internal parts of the vibration mechanism 30. The flywheel component 31 is housed within the housing 39. The flywheel component 31 stores energy and, after accumulating a certain amount of energy, can transmit a large torque. Since the vibration mechanism 30 does not require high-frequency vibration, the intervals between vibrations can be used for the flywheel component 31 to store energy. The first transmission component 32 is detachably connected to the first impact block 34 and the flywheel component 31. The flywheel component 31 transmits the stored energy to the first transmission component 32. By transmitting and converting the rotational power of the flywheel component 31, the first transmission component 32 can convert the rotational motion of the flywheel component 31 into the linear motion of the first impact block 34. The first transmission component 32 drives the first impact block 34 to move linearly away from the flywheel component 31. Driving the relatively massive first impact block 34 to move linearly can be used to generate seismic waves through collision. The second transmission component 33 is detachably connected to the flywheel component 31 and the first impact block 34. The second transmission component 33 also transmits and converts the rotational power of the flywheel component 31 into the linear motion of the first impact block 34. After impact, the speed of the first impact block 34 decreases to zero, and the second transmission component 33 drives the first impact block 34 to move in the opposite direction, which is a linear motion gradually approaching the flywheel component 31. When the first impact block 34 reaches a position close to the flywheel component 31, the first transmission component 32 can drive the first impact block 34 to move away from the flywheel component 31 again, starting the second round of impacts.

[0034] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, the flywheel component includes: The third motor 311 is installed inside the housing 39; First clutch 313; The first drive shaft 316 is connected to the output shaft of the third motor 311 via the first clutch 313; The flywheel 312 is fixedly mounted on the first drive shaft 316. The third motor 311 is used to drive the flywheel 312 to rotate. The flywheel 312 is used to accumulate energy to provide torque.

[0035] In this invention, the third motor 311 is a servo motor. The first transmission shaft 316 passes through the flywheel 312 and is coaxially arranged with the output shaft of the third motor 311. The first transmission shaft 316 and the output shaft of the third motor 311 are connected by a first clutch 313. During operation, the first clutch 313 is engaged, and the third motor 311 accelerates slowly, driving the flywheel 312 to accelerate slowly as its speed increases over time. The acceleration time and final speed of the flywheel 312 are determined based on the magnitude of the impulse required for the vibration mechanism 30 to impact the working face. After the flywheel 312 has completed energy accumulation, it can transmit a larger torque to the first transmission component 32. When the first impact block 34 is about to collide, the first clutch 313 is controlled to disengage. In this embodiment, the first clutch 313 is a magnetic powder clutch. The circuit board 315 is disposed inside the housing 39 and is used to control the third motor 311. In addition, a protective cover 314 is provided on the outside of the flywheel 312 to prevent the flywheel 312 from malfunctioning. The protective cover 314 is also provided with a speed sensor 317 for monitoring the speed of the flywheel 312. The control unit 50 can control the third motor 311 through the speed sensor 317 to make the flywheel 312 reach the required speed.

[0036] In the geological advanced detection device, the vibration mechanism 30 does not vibrate at high frequency, and there is a certain blank time between vibrations. This invention makes full use of the blank time to accumulate energy. Without affecting the vibration requirements, the flywheel 312 accumulates kinetic energy as needed and smoothly, realizing the provision of instantaneous large torque with a smaller motor. Therefore, the traditional hydraulic servo system is not used, which not only simplifies the structure, but also makes the overall structure of the vibration mechanism 30 more compact.

[0037] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the first transmission component 32 includes: Second clutch 324; The second drive shaft 323 is disposed inside the housing 39 and is connected to the flywheel component 31 via the second clutch 324, for rotating under the drive of the flywheel component 31; The first lead screw 321 is coaxially connected to the second transmission shaft 323 and passes through the first impact block 34 to drive the first impact block 34 to make linear motion away from the flywheel component 31.

[0038] In this embodiment, the second clutch 324 is a magnetic powder clutch. The rotational power and large torque of the flywheel 312 are transmitted to the first lead screw 321 through the second clutch 324. The second transmission shaft 323 and the first lead screw 321 are coaxially arranged and fixedly connected. During power transmission, in the initial state, the flywheel 312 is rotating at high speed, while the second drive shaft 323 and the first lead screw 321 are stationary. The torque transmitted by the magnetic powder clutch and the excitation current exhibit a good linear relationship within the rated range. At this time, by slowly and steadily increasing the excitation current to the magnetic powder clutch, the magnetic powder clutch is in a semi-engaged state, thereby slowly increasing the acceleration of the second drive shaft 323 as a load, achieving a smooth start. Since the first lead screw 321 is mounted on the first impact block 34 with a large mass, the load is large at this time, and a smooth start can reduce the impact. The torque is transmitted through the magnetic powder clutch. However, as the larger load is connected and the torque is transmitted, the speed of the flywheel 312 no longer increases. At this time, the first impact block 34, driven by the first lead screw 321, gradually accelerates in a linear motion. When the second clutch 324 is fully engaged, the speed of the first impact block 34 reaches its maximum and is about to collide. At this time, the second clutch 324 is controlled to disengage, avoiding the instantaneous deceleration of the first impact block 34 during the collision process, which would cause additional impact and vibration to the flywheel 312 and even the entire vibration mechanism 30. A bracket 37 is fixedly mounted inside the housing 39. The bracket 37 is used to fix the first transmission component 32 and the second transmission component 33 via bearings. An electromagnetic pin 371 is also provided on the bracket 37. The axis of the electromagnetic pin 371 is perpendicular to the axis of the first lead screw 321. When the telescopic rod of the electromagnetic pin 371 is extended, it can limit the movement of the first impact block 34, preventing it from moving within the bracket 37. An encoder 322 is electrically connected to the control unit 50. The encoder 322 passes through the second transmission shaft 323 and is fixedly mounted on the bracket 37. The encoder 322 is used to send rotation data of the first lead screw 321 to the control unit 50.

[0039] This invention achieves smooth start-up and slow acceleration under heavy load by setting up a magnetic powder clutch. By utilizing the good linear relationship between the torque transmitted by the magnetic powder clutch and the excitation current, the speed of the first impact block 34 is effectively controlled.

[0040] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the second transmission component 33 includes: The commutation assembly 331 is connected to the flywheel component 31 and is used to commutate the transmission direction of the flywheel component 31. The third drive shaft 332 is disposed inside the housing 39 and is connected to the reversing assembly 331; The fourth drive shaft 334 is connected to the third drive shaft 332 via the third clutch 333; The second lead screw 335 is coaxially connected to the fourth transmission shaft 334 and passes through the first impact block 34 to drive the first impact block 34 to make linear motion close to the flywheel component 31.

[0041] In this invention, the reversing assembly 331 can be composed of transmission structures such as belt drive, gear drive, and chain drive. The function of the reversing assembly 331 is to reverse the rotation direction of the flywheel 312, thereby changing the rotational speed of the flywheel 312 and diverting the rotational power of the flywheel 312. In this embodiment, the reversing assembly 331 includes a second gear 3311 and a third gear 3312. The second gear 3311 passes through the first transmission shaft 316, and the third gear 3312 passes through the third transmission shaft 332. The second gear 3311 and the third gear 3312 mesh. The third transmission shaft 332 is coaxially arranged with the fourth transmission shaft 334 through the third clutch 333. The fourth transmission shaft 334 is coaxially fixed with the second lead screw 335. After the first impact block 34 completes its impact, its speed is zero, while the flywheel 312 continues to rotate at a certain speed. At this point, the third clutch 333 is controlled to be in a semi-engaged state, and its excitation current is slowly and steadily increased, causing the transmitted torque to increase smoothly. The fourth drive shaft 334 and the first impact block 34 are in a slow movement process, with the first impact block 34 beginning to move in a straight line closer to the flywheel 312. The first drive shaft 316, second drive shaft 323, third drive shaft 332, and fourth drive shaft 334 are all fixed within the housing 39 by bearings and bearing seats. The second clutch 324 and the third clutch 333 of this invention do not engage simultaneously.

[0042] By setting the second lead screw 335, the present invention utilizes the deceleration state of the first impact block 34 after impact, so that the first impact block 34 can return to the initial position by utilizing the rotational power of the flywheel 312 after the impact is completed.

[0043] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the vibration mechanism also includes: The second impact block 36 is disposed on the side of the first impact block 34 away from the flywheel component 31, and is used to gain momentum under the impact of the first impact block 34 and impact the working face; The guide rod 35 is inserted into the first impact block 34 and the second impact block 36, and is used to guide and limit the first impact block 34 and the second impact block 36; Spring component 38 is mounted on second transmission component 33 and is used to limit the first impact block 34 and the second impact block 36.

[0044] In this invention, the guide rod 35 is fixedly mounted on the bracket 37, the first impact block 34, and the second impact block 36. The vibration mechanism 30 is also provided with the second impact block 36. At the ends of the first lead screw 321 and the second lead screw 335 away from the flywheel 312, a guide shaft is fixedly installed outside the bracket 37 and simultaneously passes through the second impact block 36. The second impact block 36 has the same mass and the same contact area as the first impact block 34. The second impact block 36 is used to transfer the kinetic energy of the first impact block 34. Since the two impact blocks have the same mass and the larger mass, after the collision, according to the law of conservation of momentum, the momentum of the first impact block 34 and the second impact block 36 is exchanged. At this time, the velocity of the first impact block 34 drops rapidly to zero, and the reverse impact is very small. The second impact block 36 continues to move in a straight line to complete the task of impacting the working face. The spring component 38 passes through the second lead screw 335 and is used to buffer and dampen the first impact block 34 and the second impact block 36. Specifically, the spring component 38 includes a second spring 381, a third spring 382, ​​and a fourth spring 383. The second spring 381 passes through the second lead screw 335, and one end of the second spring 381 is fixedly installed on the side wall inside the bracket and located in the area between the flywheel 312 and the first impact block 34. After the first impact block 34 retracts, it can be decelerated by the second spring 381. The electromagnetic pin 371 cooperates with the second spring 381 to limit the movement of the first impact block 34 along the axial direction of the first lead screw 321. One end of the third spring 382 is fixedly installed on the side wall inside the bracket 37. The third spring 382 also passes through the second lead screw 335 and is located in the area between the first impact block 34 and the second impact block 36. After the first impact block 34 impacts the second impact block 36, if the momentum exchange is incomplete, the third spring 382 can prevent the first impact block 34 from directly impacting the bracket 37. One end of the fourth spring 383 is fixedly mounted on the side wall outside the bracket 37. The fourth spring 383 is also passed through the guide shaft connected to the second lead screw 335. After the second impact block 36 impacts the working face, the fourth spring 383 can be used to smooth the reverse impact of the second impact block 36. The first impact block 34 and the second impact block 36 are also respectively provided with a first acceleration sensor 341 and a second acceleration sensor 361. The two acceleration sensors are electrically connected to the control unit 50. The control unit 50 can control the speed of the first impact block 34 according to the acceleration data and the data of the encoder 322 and through the second clutch 324. The control unit 50 can obtain the acceleration data of the second impact block 36 through the second acceleration sensor 361.

[0045] In this embodiment, two sets of spring components 38 are provided. With the first lead screw 321 as the axis of symmetry, one set is located on the second lead screw 335 and its connected guide shaft, and the other set is located on the guide rod 35 and its connected guide shaft. This invention, through the second impact block 36, the guide rod 35, and the spring components 38, systematically reduces the vibration and impact of the entire vibration mechanism 30 during operation and impact on the working face, making the entire device operate more smoothly.

[0046] like Figure 8 As shown, the detection mechanism includes: Base 41, fixed to the tunnel sidewall; The detection module 42 is installed inside the base 41 and is detachably connected to the base 41, and is used to receive seismic waves on the tunnel sidewall.

[0047] In this invention, the base 41 includes a threaded end 411 and a first support 412, and the detection module 42 includes a second support 423, a detector 421, and a second electromagnet 422. An internally threaded base is installed on the tunnel sidewall; the base 41 is securely fixed to the tunnel sidewall by screwing the threaded end 411 of the base 41 into the internally threaded base. A stepped hole with two sections of different inner diameters is machined in the first support 412. A stepped shaft with two sections of different diameter journals is machined at the bottom of the second support 423. The two sections of the stepped shaft match and correspond one-to-one with the two sections of holes in the first support, having the same diameter and length. Therefore, the second support 423 can be inserted into the first support 412 without wobbling. The detector 421 is fixedly installed in the second support 423, and the second electromagnet 422 is fixedly installed in the second support 423 by a plastic bracket. The second support 423 is provided with an iron plate coupled to the second electromagnet 422 on the side near the first support. The second electromagnet 422 can be magnetically attracted to the iron plate, thereby realizing the detachable fixing of the detection module 42 to the base 41.

[0048] The present invention makes it easy to replace and arrange the detector mechanism 40 through a structure that is easy to disassemble. Detector mechanisms 40 need to be arranged in many places inside the tunnel. With the present invention, a large number of detector mechanisms 40 can be arranged inside the tunnel quickly.

[0049] like Figure 9As shown, during the control process of the control unit 50, the control unit 50 is electrically connected to the first electromagnet 12 inside the fixed mechanism 10, and can control the fixed mechanism 10 to apply a preload force to the moving mechanism 20. The control unit 50 is electrically connected to the first motor 16 and the second motor 25, and can control the fixed mechanism 10 to drive multiple vibration mechanisms 30 to rotate around the fixed mechanism 10, and control the moving mechanism 20 to drive multiple vibration mechanisms 30 to move linearly along the guide rail 22. The control unit 50 is electrically connected to the third motor 311, the first clutch 313, the second clutch 324, the third clutch 333, the speed sensor 317, the first acceleration sensor 341, the second acceleration sensor 361, the electromagnetic pin 371, the encoder 322, and the circuit board 315, and can control the third motor 311 to drive the flywheel 312 to accelerate to the required speed, control the first impact block 34 to accelerate to the required speed through the first acceleration sensor 341 and the second clutch 324, and obtain the acceleration of the second impact block 36 through the second acceleration sensor 361. The control unit 50 is also electrically connected to the second electromagnet 422 and the detector 421. The control unit 50 can fix the second support 423 on the first support 412 via the second electromagnet 422 and acquire the signal returned by the detector 421. Specifically, the control unit 50 can be mounted on the fixing mechanism 10.

[0050] In actual operation, the fixing mechanism 10 fixes the moving mechanism 20 to the working face. The fixing mechanism 10 and the moving mechanism 20 cooperate to fix the multiple vibration mechanisms 30 at the positions on the working face that need to be vibrated by driving the rotation and movement of multiple vibration mechanisms 30. The fixing mechanism 10 applies a preload force to the moving mechanism 20 through the first electromagnet 12 to make the multiple vibration mechanisms 30 fully coupled with the working face. During the impact of the vibration mechanism 30 on the tunnel face, the third motor 311 drives the flywheel 312 to rotate to accumulate energy. After the flywheel 312 has accumulated energy, it drives the first impact block 34 to impact the second impact block 36 through the first transmission component 32. After the first impact block 34 impacts the second impact block 36, the flywheel 312 drives the first impact block 34 to deflect back through the second transmission component 33. After being impacted by the first impact block 34, the second impact block 36 gains momentum and impacts the tunnel face to trigger seismic waves. Multiple detectors 40 installed on the tunnel wall are used to receive seismic wave signals. The control unit 50 processes the seismic wave signals received by the multiple detectors 40 and generates a visualized image.

[0051] Another embodiment of the present invention provides an advanced detection method for an advanced detection device for water conveyance tunnels traversing complex geological structures as described above, the method comprising: S1. Install the fixing mechanism on the tunnel face and install the detection mechanism on the detection position on the inner wall of the tunnel; S2. Adjust the impact position of the vibration mechanism by using the moving mechanism and the fixed mechanism; S3. The vibration mechanism is controlled by the control unit to impact the tunnel face in order to generate seismic waves inside the tunnel. S4. The control unit receives and processes the seismic wave signals received by the detector.

[0052] The advanced detection method is as follows: the working face is leveled to facilitate the installation of the fixing mechanism 10. The fixing mechanism 10 is installed on the working face using expansion bolts or ordinary bolts. During installation, the second impact blocks 36 of the multiple vibration mechanisms 30 must be fully coupled with the working face. Detector mechanisms 40 are installed at the detection positions, which are the locations where detector mechanisms 40 need to be installed. The detection positions are planned and determined according to the detection requirements. Multiple detector mechanisms 40 are fixedly installed at multiple detection positions using internal threaded bases. The moving mechanism 20 can drive the multiple vibration mechanisms 30 to move along the guide rail 22 to adjust the radial position of the vibration mechanisms 30. The fixing mechanism 10 can drive the moving mechanism 20 and the multiple vibration mechanisms 30 to rotate around the fixing mechanism. The axial rotation of the fixing mechanism 10 adjusts the circumferential position of the vibration mechanism 30, thereby moving multiple vibration mechanisms 30 to corresponding positions according to vibration requirements. After the multiple vibration mechanisms 30 are moved to their corresponding positions, the first electromagnet 12 of the fixing mechanism 10 applies a preload to the moving mechanism 20, ensuring full coupling between the multiple vibration mechanisms 30 and the tunnel face. The control unit 50 controls the multiple vibration mechanisms 30 to impact the tunnel face, and the multiple vibration mechanisms 30 can impact the tunnel face simultaneously or in a certain time sequence. Multiple detection mechanisms 40 receive the seismic wave signals generated by the multiple vibration mechanisms 30, and the control unit 50 receives the seismic wave signals received by the multiple detection mechanisms 40 and generates a visualized image. Subsequently, the circumferential and radial positions of the vibration mechanisms 30 can be adjusted by the fixing mechanism 10 and the moving mechanism 20 to change the impact position and conduct detection again. Through multiple position adjustments, the impact position covers the entire circular experimental area of ​​the preset diameter.

[0053] The above descriptions are merely a few embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention using the disclosed technical content are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. An advanced detection device for water conveyance tunnels traversing complex geological structures, characterized in that, The device includes: The fixing mechanism includes a frame unit and a drive unit, wherein the frame unit is fixed on the working face and the drive unit is disposed within the frame unit; A moving mechanism includes a guide rail and a moving unit. The guide rail is connected to the drive unit, and the drive unit is used to drive the guide rail to rotate along the axial direction of the drive unit. The moving unit is fixed to the guide rail. A vibration mechanism is fixed on the moving unit, which drives the vibration mechanism to move along the length of the guide rail. The vibration mechanism impacts the working face to generate seismic waves. The frame unit applies an adhesive force to the guide rail when the vibration mechanism impacts the working face. A detection mechanism, installed on the inner wall of the tunnel, is used to receive the seismic waves; The control unit is electrically connected to the fixing mechanism, the moving unit, the vibration mechanism, and the detection mechanism, and is used to control the operation of the fixing mechanism, the moving unit, the vibration mechanism, and the detection mechanism.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rack unit includes: The frame is fixed to the working face, and its axis is perpendicular to the working face; A support base is mounted on the frame; A first electromagnet is fixed on the surface of the support base facing the guide rail, and is used to attract the guide rail to the support base when energized.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving unit includes: The first motor is installed inside the frame; Spline sleeve, fixed on the guide rail; A spline shaft passes through the support base and the spline sleeve and is connected to the first motor. The first motor is used to drive the spline shaft to rotate, thereby driving the guide rail to rotate. The first spring is sleeved on the splined shaft, and its two ends abut against the end face of the splined sleeve away from the guide rail and the shoulder of the splined shaft, respectively.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mobile unit includes: A rack is disposed on the guide rail along the length direction of the guide rail; A slide table is movably mounted on the guide rail, and the vibration mechanism is fixed to the slide table via a connector. The second motor is fixed on the slide table; The first gear is mounted on the output shaft of the second motor and meshes with the rack; the second motor is used to drive the first gear to rotate, so as to move the slide table along the length of the guide rail.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration mechanism includes: A housing is mounted on the mobile unit; The flywheel component is housed within the housing; A first transmission component is connected to the flywheel component, and the flywheel component is used to drive the first transmission component to rotate. The first impact block is connected to the first transmission component and is used to move away from the flywheel component along the axial direction of the first transmission component under the drive of the first transmission component, so as to impact the working face; The second transmission component is connected to the flywheel component and the first impact block, and is used to rotate under the drive of the flywheel component to drive the first impact block to move closer to the flywheel component.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The flywheel component includes: The third motor is housed within the casing; First clutch; A first drive shaft is connected to the output shaft of the third motor via a first clutch; A flywheel is fixedly mounted on the first drive shaft, and the third motor is used to drive the flywheel to rotate. The flywheel is used to accumulate energy to provide torque.

7. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first transmission component includes: Second clutch; The second drive shaft is disposed inside the housing and connected to the flywheel component via the second clutch, for rotating under the drive of the flywheel component; The first lead screw is coaxially connected to the second transmission shaft and passes through the first impact block, and is used to drive the first impact block to make a linear motion away from the flywheel component.

8. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second transmission component includes: A reversing assembly, connected to the flywheel component, is used to reverse the transmission direction of the flywheel component; The third drive shaft is disposed inside the housing and connected to the reversing assembly; The fourth drive shaft is connected to the third drive shaft via the third clutch; The second lead screw is coaxially connected to the fourth transmission shaft and passes through the first impact block, and is used to drive the first impact block to make a linear motion close to the flywheel component.

9. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vibration mechanism also includes: The second impact block is disposed on the side of the first impact block away from the flywheel component, and is used to gain momentum under the impact of the first impact block and impact the working face; A guide rod is inserted into the first and second impact blocks to guide and limit the first and second impact blocks; A spring component is inserted into the second transmission component to limit the movement of the first and second impact blocks.

10. A method for advanced detection of a water conveyance tunnel traversing complex geological structures, applied to any one of the advanced detection devices described in claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The method includes: S1. Install the fixing mechanism on the tunnel face and install the detection mechanism on the detection position on the inner wall of the tunnel; S2. Adjust the impact position of the vibration mechanism through the moving mechanism and the fixing mechanism; S3. The control unit controls the vibration mechanism to impact the tunnel face to generate seismic waves within the tunnel. S4. The control unit receives and processes the seismic wave signals received by the detection mechanism.

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