Air-cooled cathode open type hydrogen fuel cell cathode semi-circulation device and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a cathode semi-circulation device of an air-cooled cathode open type hydrogen fuel cell and a use method of the cathode semi-circulation device, and belongs to the technical field of air-cooled cathode open type hydrogen fuel cells. The device comprises a bent pipe, a heat dissipation pipe, a hose, a straight hard pipe, a flow guide box, a sliding supporting rod and a fan, the fan is installed at a cathode gas outlet of a hydrogen fuel cell body, the bent pipe, the heat dissipation pipe, the hose, the straight hard pipe and the flow guide box are sequentially communicated, a gas inlet of the bent pipe is connected with the fan, and a sliding groove is formed in the side wall of the flow guide box. One end of the sliding support rod is fixedly mounted at the cathode gas inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell body, and the other end of the sliding support rod slides in the sliding chute in the side wall of the flow guide box. According to the invention, the amount of low-temperature air mixed into high-temperature gas when the high-temperature gas passes through the open space between the diversion box and the hydrogen fuel cell can be adjusted, so that the gas inlet temperature of the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell is regulated and controlled, and the gas inlet temperature of the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell is kept in a relatively good range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of air-cooled cathode open hydrogen fuel cell technology, and relates to an air-cooled cathode open hydrogen fuel cell cathode semi-circulation device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] In the operation of an air-cooled open-cathode hydrogen fuel cell, air continuously enters through the cathode inlet. After the reaction, the gas temperature rises, and high-temperature gas is discharged from the cathode outlet. However, due to the lack of control measures, the temperature of the air entering the hydrogen fuel cell cathode to participate in the reaction is directly determined by the environment. The inlet temperature directly affects the stability of the hydrogen fuel cell operation. A relatively stable gas temperature entering the hydrogen fuel cell cathode and being within the optimal operating temperature range can make the hydrogen fuel cell operate more stably. Conversely, under long-term operating conditions, uneven inlet temperature will accelerate the degradation of the membrane electrode assembly, thereby reducing the service life of the hydrogen fuel cell. Therefore, active regulation of the inlet temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell cathode is of great significance.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an air-cooled cathode open-type hydrogen fuel cell cathode semi-circulation device and its usage method, which can effectively regulate the temperature of the gas entering the hydrogen fuel cell, so that the inlet temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell cathode can be kept relatively stably within a better range, thereby reducing the negative impact of ambient temperature on the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell and extending the service life of the hydrogen fuel cell. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the problems in the prior art, the present invention uses a fan to drive the high-temperature gas at the cathode outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell, causing the high-temperature gas to move sequentially along a bend, a heat dissipation pipe, a flexible hose, and a straight rigid pipe to reach the flow guide box. By adjusting the distance between the flow guide box and the hydrogen fuel cell, the amount of low-temperature air mixed with the high-temperature gas when passing through the open space between the flow guide box and the hydrogen fuel cell can be adjusted, thereby achieving the regulation of the inlet temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell cathode and keeping the inlet temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell cathode within an optimal range.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: This invention proposes an air-cooled, open-cathode hydrogen fuel cell cathode semi-circulation device. The semi-circulation device includes a bent pipe 1, a heat dissipation pipe 2, a flexible hose 3, a straight rigid pipe 4, a flow guide box 5, a sliding support rod 6, and a fan 8. The fan 8 is installed at the cathode outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7. The bent pipe 1, heat dissipation pipe 2, flexible hose 3, straight rigid pipe 4, and flow guide box 5 are connected in sequence to form a gas passage. The air inlet of the bent pipe 1 is connected to the fan 8. The center point of the air outlet of the flow guide box 5 is aligned with the center point of the cathode inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7. A sliding groove is formed on the side wall of the flow guide box 5. One end of the sliding support rod 6 is fixedly installed at the cathode inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7, and the other end of the sliding support rod 6 slides with damping within the sliding groove on the side wall of the flow guide box 5.

[0006] Preferably, there are at least two sliding support rods 6, which are evenly arranged along the circumference of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7.

[0007] Preferably, the air outlet of the air guide box 5 is circular, and the area of ​​the air outlet of the air guide box 5 is equal to the planar projected area of ​​the fan 8.

[0008] Preferably, the air outlet of the flow guide box 5 is square, and the flow guide box 5 is equipped with a flow divider 9.

[0009] Preferably, the flow divider 9 divides the gas flow channel within the flow guide box 5 into two identical parts. The flow divider 9 includes an inclined flow divider plate 901 and a flow divider straight plate 902. There are two inclined flow divider plates 901, and the sides of the inclined flow divider plates 901 closer to the air inlet of the flow guide box 5 are connected to each other. Along the gas flow direction within the flow guide box 5, the distance between the two inclined flow divider plates 901 gradually increases. The open ends of the inclined flow divider plates 901 are connected to the flow divider straight plate 902. The flow divider straight plate 902 is parallel to the side wall of the flow guide box 5, and the outlet area of ​​a single gas flow channel is half the planar projected area of ​​the fan 8. This structure is a two-sided flow guide box.

[0010] Preferably, the flow divider 9 divides the gas flow channel within the flow guide box 5 into two identical parts. The flow divider 9 includes a conical section 903, a straight section 904, and a partition plate 905. The tip of the conical section 903 faces the air inlet of the flow guide box 5, and the open end of the conical section 903 connects to the straight section 904. The outer wall of the straight section 904 is connected to the inner wall of the flow guide box 5 through the partition plate 905. The outlet area of ​​a single gas flow channel is half the area remaining after subtracting the planar projected area of ​​the fan 8 from the area of ​​the cathode air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7. This structure is a four-sided flow guide box.

[0011] Preferably, a heat dissipation assembly 10 is provided inside the heat dissipation pipe 2. The heat dissipation assembly 10 includes an inner heat dissipation pipe 1001, a first heat dissipation fin 1002, and a second heat dissipation fin 1003. The outer wall of the inner heat dissipation pipe 1001 is connected to the inner wall of the heat dissipation pipe 2 through the first heat dissipation fin 1002 and the second heat dissipation fin 1003. The inner heat dissipation pipe 1001 is coaxial with the heat dissipation pipe 2. The first heat dissipation fin 1002 and the heat dissipation pipe 2 are radially overlapped and uniformly arranged along the circumference of the heat dissipation pipe 2. The second heat dissipation fin 1003 is inclinedly arranged between two adjacent first heat dissipation fins 1002.

[0012] Preferably, the heat sink 2 has a square radial cross-section, and a heat sink assembly 11 perpendicular to the inner wall of the heat sink 2 is provided on the inner wall. The heat sink assembly 11 is composed of several heat sinks. The heat sinks distributed from the middle of the heat sink assembly 11 to both sides gradually decrease in length in the direction perpendicular to the inner wall of the heat sink 2. The heat sink assemblies 11 provided on the opposite inner walls of the heat sink 2 are arranged in a mirror image.

[0013] Heat pipe 2, first heat sink 1002, second heat sink 1003, heat sink group 11, etc. can all be made of materials with good heat dissipation performance such as aluminum.

[0014] Preferably, several through holes are evenly opened along the circumference on the side wall of the straight rigid tube 4.

[0015] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of using the above-mentioned device, the method of using the device including moving the flow guide box 5 and adjusting the distance between the flow guide box 5 and the hydrogen fuel cell body 7, thereby adjusting the temperature of the gas entering the hydrogen fuel cell body 7.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention delivers the high-temperature gas discharged from the cathode of a hydrogen fuel cell to a flow guide box, and adjusts the distance between the flow guide box and the hydrogen fuel cell to regulate the amount of low-temperature air mixed in with the high-temperature gas, thereby regulating the temperature of the mixed gas. Ultimately, the temperature of the gas entering the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell is stably controlled within an optimal range, reducing the negative impact of the environment on the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell, extending the long-term operational stability of the hydrogen fuel cell, and improving the service life of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0017] 2. This invention combines the operating characteristics of hydrogen fuel cells under different ambient temperature scenarios and further optimizes the design of the flow guide box structure to further reduce the negative impact of ambient temperature on the operation of hydrogen fuel cells. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention; Figure 2This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein (a) is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure and (b) is an enlarged view of the air outlet of the guide box; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure, (b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the flow guide box, and (c) is a planar structural view of the air outlet of the flow guide box. Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the device in Embodiment 3 of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure, (b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the flow guide box, and (c) is a planar structural view of the air outlet of the flow guide box. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation component structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the heat sink assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the cathode air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell body of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the air supply area of ​​the two-sided air guide box of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the air supply area of ​​the central air guide box of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the air supply area of ​​the four-sided guide box of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the method of using the device of the present invention; Figure 12 The diagram shows the dynamic test results in the actual application of the comparative device in the embodiments and comparisons. Figure 13 This is a specific embodiment of the sliding support rod and the damping sliding of the flow guide box of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a specific embodiment of the sliding support rod and the damping sliding of the flow guide box of the present invention; In the figure, 1-bend, 2-heat dissipation pipe, 3-flexible tube, 4-straight rigid tube, 5-flow guide box, 6-sliding support rod, 7-hydrogen fuel cell body, 701-left end plate of hydrogen fuel cell, 702-bipolar plate, 703-projection outline of fan on the cathode of hydrogen fuel cell, 704-cathode flow channel, 705-right end plate of hydrogen fuel cell, 8-fan, 9-flow splitter, 901-inclined flow splitter plate, 902-flow splitter straight plate, 903-conical section, 904-straight section, 905-partition plate, 10-heat dissipation assembly, 1001-inner heat dissipation pipe, 1002-first heat dissipation fin, 1003-second heat dissipation fin, 11-heat dissipation fin group. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the content described.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the semi-circulation device includes a bent pipe 1, a heat dissipation pipe 2, a flexible hose 3, a straight rigid pipe 4, a flow guide box 5, a sliding support rod 6, and a fan 8. The fan 8 is installed at the cathode outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7. The bent pipe 1, heat dissipation pipe 2, flexible hose 3, straight rigid pipe 4, and flow guide box 5 are connected in sequence to form a gas passage. The air inlet of the bent pipe 1 is connected to the fan 8. The center point of the air outlet of the flow guide box 5 is aligned with the center point of the cathode air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7. A sliding groove is opened on the side wall of the flow guide box 5. One end of the sliding support rod 6 is fixedly installed at the cathode air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7, and the other end of the sliding support rod 6 slides with damping in the sliding groove on the side wall of the flow guide box 5.

[0021] The other end of the sliding support rod 6 can preferably be damped and slid within the groove on the side wall of the guide box 5 in the following two ways: like Figure 13 As shown, a limiting block can be installed on the end of the sliding support rod 6 that slides damped inside the guide box 5, and the surface of the limiting block can be wrapped with damping materials such as rubber, so that a damping effect is generated between the sliding support rod 6 and the inner side wall of the slide groove of the guide box 5, thereby realizing damped sliding.

[0022] like Figure 14 As shown, a wave-shaped track can be set on the opposite sidewalls inside the chute. Then, a limiting block is installed at one end of the sliding support rod 6 located inside the chute, and a spring piece is set on the limiting block. A hemispherical protrusion is set on the spring piece. When no force is applied to the guide box 5, the hemispherical protrusion is locked into the groove of the wave-shaped track under the action of the spring piece, which can restrict the guide box 5 from moving. When force is applied to the guide box 5, the spring piece deforms, allowing the hemispherical protrusion to disengage from the groove of the wave-shaped track, thereby allowing it to move.

[0023] The sliding support rods 6 are at least two, and are evenly arranged along the circumference of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7. In operation, the hydrogen fuel cell body 7 and fan 8 are started. The hydrogen fuel cell body 7 provides power and loads the operating load. Driven by the fan 8, the high-temperature gas generated by the cathode reaction of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7 is drawn out from the cathode outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7. At the same time, the high-temperature gas continues to flow through the bend pipe 1, heat dissipation pipe 2, flexible hose 3, and straight rigid pipe 4, reaching the guide box 5. Under the action of the fan 8, the high-temperature gas flows out from the outlet of the guide box 5, flows through the open space between the guide box 5 and the hydrogen fuel cell body 7, and enters the cathode flow channel of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7 from the cathode inlet. At this time, moving the guide box 5, since the end of the sliding support rod 6 can slide with damping in the groove of the guide box 5, the guide box 5 can slide along the sliding support rod 6, thereby moving closer to or away from the hydrogen fuel cell body. As the hydrogen fuel cell body 7 moves, due to the open space between the guide box 5 and the hydrogen fuel cell body 7, air is drawn into the cathode flow channel of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7 through the cathode air inlet under the action of the fan 8. At this time, the low-temperature air mixes with the high-temperature gas, causing the temperature of the mixed gas to decrease. The farther the distance between the guide box 5 and the hydrogen fuel cell body 7, the larger the open space between them, and more low-temperature air will mix with the high-temperature gas under the action of the fan 8, resulting in a greater cooling effect on the mixed gas. Conversely, less low-temperature air mixes with the high-temperature gas, and the cooling effect on the mixed gas is smaller. Therefore, by moving the guide box 5 and adjusting the distance between the guide box 5 and the hydrogen fuel cell body 7, the temperature of the mixed gas entering the cathode flow channel of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7 can be controlled to ensure that the temperature of the mixed gas meets the requirements.

[0024] The air outlet of the air guide box 5 is circular, and the area of ​​the air outlet of the air guide box 5 is equal to the planar projected area of ​​the fan 8.

[0025] like Figure 9 As shown, this structure is a central flow guide box 5. When the ambient temperature is not lower than 20℃, the central flow guide box 5 is preferred. At this time, the ambient temperature is high. When the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7 is working in a high-temperature environment, it is necessary to accelerate its heat dissipation. During the operation of the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7, the temperature of its central area is higher than that of other areas. Using the central flow guide box 5 can allow a large amount of low-temperature mixed gas to enter the cathode flow channel in the central area of ​​the hydrogen fuel cell body 7 under the action of the fan 8, which is beneficial to the heat dissipation of the central area of ​​the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7 and keeps the cathode flow channel at different positions of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7 with a relatively uniform temperature distribution.

[0026] The air outlet of the flow guide box 5 is square, and the flow divider 9 is installed inside the flow guide box 5.

[0027] The flow divider 9 divides the gas flow channel inside the flow guide box 5 into two identical parts. The flow divider 9 includes an inclined flow divider plate 901 and a flow divider straight plate 902. There are two inclined flow divider plates 901. The side of the inclined flow divider plates 901 that is closer to the air inlet of the flow guide box 5 is connected to each other. Along the gas flow direction inside the flow guide box 5, the distance between the two inclined flow divider plates 901 gradually increases. The open ends of the inclined flow divider plates 901 are connected to the flow divider straight plate 902. The flow divider straight plate 902 is parallel to the side wall of the flow guide box 5. The air outlet area of ​​a single gas flow channel is half of the planar projected area of ​​the fan 8.

[0028] like Figure 8 As shown, this structure is a two-sided flow guide box 5. When the ambient temperature is between 10 and 20°C, the two-sided flow guide box 5 is preferred. At this time, when the hydrogen fuel cell body 7 is working, the temperature near the two end plates is relatively low, usually lower than the temperature of the incoming mixed gas. Therefore, by dividing the gas into two parts through the two-sided flow guide box 5, the temperature of the area near the two end plates of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7 can be compensated, the temperature gradient between this area and the central area can be alleviated, and the output performance of the single cell near the end plate can be improved.

[0029] The diversion section 9 divides the gas flow channel inside the flow guide box 5 into two identical parts. The diversion section 9 includes a conical section 903, a straight section 904, and a partition plate 905. The tip of the conical section 903 faces the air inlet of the flow guide box 5, and the open end of the conical section 903 is connected to the straight section 904. The outer wall of the straight section 904 is connected to the inner wall of the flow guide box 5 through the partition plate 905. The outlet area of ​​a single gas flow channel is half the area remaining after subtracting the planar projection area of ​​the fan 8 from the area of ​​the cathode air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7.

[0030] like Figure 10 As shown, this structure is a four-sided flow guide box 5. When the ambient temperature is below 10°C, the four-sided flow guide box 5 is preferred. At this time, during the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7, the temperature of the battery's outer shell and end plate area is relatively low, and the heat exchange rate of the aforementioned areas is relatively fast. By using the four-sided flow guide box 5, the temperature compensation area can be increased, making the temperature distribution of different areas of the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7 more uniform.

[0031] A heat dissipation assembly 10 is provided inside the heat dissipation pipe 2. The heat dissipation assembly 10 includes an inner heat dissipation pipe 1001, a first heat dissipation fin 1002, and a second heat dissipation fin 1003. The outer wall of the inner heat dissipation pipe 1001 is connected to the inner wall of the heat dissipation pipe 2 through the first heat dissipation fin 1002 and the second heat dissipation fin 1003. The inner heat dissipation pipe 1001 is coaxial with the heat dissipation pipe 2. The first heat dissipation fin 1002 and the heat dissipation pipe 2 are radially overlapped and uniformly arranged along the circumference of the heat dissipation pipe 2. The second heat dissipation fin 1003 is inclinedly arranged between two adjacent first heat dissipation fins 1002.

[0032] The heat sink 2 has a square radial cross-section. A heat sink assembly 11 perpendicular to the inner wall of the heat sink 2 is provided on the inner wall. The heat sink assembly 11 is composed of several heat sinks. The heat sinks distributed from the middle of the heat sink assembly 11 to both sides gradually decrease in length in the direction perpendicular to the inner wall of the heat sink 2. The heat sink assemblies 11 on the opposite inner walls of the heat sink 2 are arranged in a mirror image.

[0033] Although the cathode inlet temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7 can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the flow guide box 5 and the hydrogen fuel cell body 7, the gas temperature generated during the operation of the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell body 7 is usually high. The adjustment range of the distance between the flow guide box 5 and the hydrogen fuel cell body 7 is limited. If the distance is too large, the fan 8 cannot exert force on the high-temperature gas flowing out of the flow guide box 5, which will cause the high-temperature gas flowing out of the flow guide box 5 to escape into the air. Therefore, when it is necessary to accelerate the reduction of the inlet temperature, a heat dissipation component 10 or a heat sink assembly 11 can be installed in the heat dissipation pipe 2.

[0034] Example 1 like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment uses a central flow guide box and a heat dissipation component is installed inside the heat dissipation pipe. Through holes are opened on the side wall of the straight cylindrical hard pipe. Before the formal test, the hydrogen fuel cell body is activated by running multiple times. When the voltage difference between two consecutive runs is less than 2%, the formal test begins to ensure that the initial conditions are consistent.

[0035] This embodiment was tested at an ambient temperature of 25°C. The load current of the hydrogen fuel cell was applied to the main body at a rate of 1A / min, reaching 4A. Under this condition, the hydrogen fuel cell was continuously operated. After adjusting the inlet air temperature to 40°C and stabilizing it for 30 seconds by moving the flow guide box, the voltage of all individual cells of the hydrogen fuel cell was collected. The results are as follows. Figure 12 As shown.

[0036] Example 2 like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment uses a two-sided flow guide box and is tested at an ambient temperature of 15°C. The structure of other components and the adjustment and testing methods are the same as in embodiment 1.

[0037] The test results of this embodiment are as follows: Figure 12 As shown.

[0038] Example 3 like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment uses a four-sided flow guide box and is tested at an ambient temperature of 5°C. The structure of other components and the adjustment and testing methods are the same as in embodiment 1.

[0039] The test results of this embodiment are as follows: Figure 12 As shown.

[0040] Example 4 like Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, a heat sink assembly is installed inside the heat dissipation pipe. Other components are the same as in Embodiment 1. The operating performance of the hydrogen fuel cell body in this embodiment is similar to that in Embodiment 1.

[0041] Comparative Example 1 In this comparative example, the device of the present invention was not used; the hydrogen fuel cell itself was used directly for loading tests. The test environment and test methods were the same as in Example 1.

[0042] Comparative Example 2 In this comparative example, the device of the present invention was not used; the hydrogen fuel cell itself was used directly for loading tests. The test environment and test methods were the same as in Example 2.

[0043] Comparative Example 3 In this comparative example, the device of the present invention was not used; the hydrogen fuel cell itself was used directly for loading tests. The test environment and test methods were the same as in Example 3.

[0044] The operating performance of the hydrogen fuel cell body in Comparative Examples 1-3 is as follows: Figure 12 As shown.

[0045] pass Figure 12 As can be seen, compared with Comparative Example 1, Example 1 has a 37% increase in voltage output and the difference between the maximum and minimum voltage is reduced from 0.093V to 0.074V, a reduction of 0.019V; compared with Comparative Example 2, Example 2 has a 41% increase in voltage output and the difference between the maximum and minimum voltage is reduced by 0.03V; compared with Comparative Example 3, Example 3 has a 43% increase in voltage output and the difference between the maximum and minimum voltage is reduced by 0.033V.

[0046] In summary, by using the device of the present invention, the cathode inlet temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell body can be controlled while optimizing the temperature distribution uniformity of different cathode regions during the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell body, which can effectively improve the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell body and the stability and uniformity of the voltage output.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cathode semi-circulation device for an air-cooled open-type hydrogen fuel cell, characterized in that: The semi-circulation device includes a bent pipe (1), a heat dissipation pipe (2), a flexible hose (3), a straight rigid pipe (4), a flow guide box (5), a sliding support rod (6), and a fan (8). The fan (8) is installed at the cathode outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell body (7). The bent pipe (1), heat dissipation pipe (2), flexible hose (3), straight rigid pipe (4), and flow guide box (5) are connected in sequence to form a gas passage. The air inlet of the bent pipe (1) is connected to the fan (8). The center point of the air outlet of the flow guide box (5) is aligned with the center point of the cathode air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell body (7). A sliding groove is opened on the side wall of the flow guide box (5). One end of the sliding support rod (6) is fixedly installed at the cathode air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell body (7), and the other end of the sliding support rod (6) slides with damping in the sliding groove on the side wall of the flow guide box (5).

2. The air-cooled cathode open-type hydrogen fuel cell cathode semi-circulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are at least two sliding support rods (6), which are evenly arranged along the circumference of the hydrogen fuel cell body (7).

3. The air-cooled cathode open-type hydrogen fuel cell cathode semi-circulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet of the air guide box (5) is circular, and the area of ​​the air outlet of the air guide box (5) is equal to the planar projection area of ​​the fan (8).

4. The air-cooled cathode open-type hydrogen fuel cell cathode semi-circulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet of the flow guide box (5) is square, and the flow guide box (5) is equipped with a flow divider (9).

5. The air-cooled cathode open-type hydrogen fuel cell cathode semi-circulation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diversion section (9) divides the gas flow channel in the guide box (5) into two identical parts. The diversion section (9) includes an inclined diversion plate (901) and a diversion straight plate (902). There are two inclined diversion plates (901). The inclined diversion plates (901) are connected to each other on the side closer to the air inlet of the guide box (5). Along the gas flow direction in the guide box (5), the distance between the two inclined diversion plates (901) gradually increases. The opening end of the inclined diversion plate (901) is connected to the diversion straight plate (902). The diversion straight plate (902) is parallel to the side wall of the guide box (5). The outlet area of ​​a single gas flow channel is half of the planar projection area of ​​the fan (8).

6. The air-cooled cathode open-type hydrogen fuel cell cathode semi-circulation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diversion section (9) divides the gas flow channel in the guide box (5) into two identical parts. The diversion section (9) includes a conical section (903), a straight section (904), and a partition plate (905). The tip of the conical section (903) faces the air inlet of the guide box (5). The open end of the conical section (903) is connected to the straight section (904). The outer wall of the straight section (904) is connected to the inner wall of the guide box (5) through the partition plate (905). The outlet area of ​​a single gas flow channel is half of the area remaining after subtracting the planar projection area of ​​the fan (8) from the area of ​​the cathode air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell body (7).

7. The air-cooled cathode open-type hydrogen fuel cell cathode semi-circulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat dissipation assembly (10) is provided inside the heat dissipation pipe (2). The heat dissipation assembly (10) includes an inner heat dissipation pipe (1001), a first heat dissipation fin (1002), and a second heat dissipation fin (1003). The outer wall of the inner heat dissipation pipe (1001) is connected to the inner wall of the heat dissipation pipe (2) through the first heat dissipation fin (1002) and the second heat dissipation fin (1003). The inner heat dissipation pipe (1001) is coaxial with the heat dissipation pipe (2). The first heat dissipation fin (1002) and the heat dissipation pipe (2) are radially overlapped and uniformly arranged along the circumference of the heat dissipation pipe (2). The second heat dissipation fin (1003) is inclinedly arranged between two adjacent first heat dissipation fins (1002).

8. The air-cooled cathode open-type hydrogen fuel cell cathode semi-circulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat sink (2) has a square cross-section. A heat sink assembly (11) perpendicular to the inner wall of the heat sink (2) is provided on the inner wall. The heat sink assembly (11) is composed of several heat sinks. The heat sinks distributed from the middle of the heat sink assembly (11) to both sides gradually decrease in length when extending perpendicular to the inner wall of the heat sink (2). The heat sink assemblies (11) on the opposite inner walls of the heat sink (2) are arranged in a mirror image.

9. The air-cooled cathode open-type hydrogen fuel cell cathode semi-circulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several through holes are evenly opened along the circumference on the side wall of the straight tube (4).

10. A method of using an air-cooled cathode open-type hydrogen fuel cell cathode semi-circulation device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The method of use includes moving the flow guide box (5) and adjusting the distance between the flow guide box (5) and the hydrogen fuel cell body (7) to adjust the temperature of the gas entering the hydrogen fuel cell body (7).

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