Under-film straw returning method suitable for dry farming corn
By pretreating corn stalks and adding composting and skin-decomposing agents, the problems of slow straw decomposition and peak nitrogen consumption in dryland corn planting were solved, achieving rapid straw decomposition and effective utilization of soil nutrients, thereby improving corn yield and soil quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NORTHWEST UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-14
AI Technical Summary
In dryland maize cultivation, there are problems such as slow straw decomposition time, difficulty in seed germination, and peak nitrogen consumption of straw affecting crop growth.
The method of pretreating corn stalks and adding composting agents and epidermal decomposition agents is adopted. After spraying the epidermal decomposition agent, the stalks are crushed and then incorporated into the soil in combination with composting agents and base fertilizer. The stalks are returned to the field under the film, and the ridges are made and covered with film one week before sowing to promote rapid decomposition of the stalks and adjust the peak time of nitrogen consumption.
It accelerates the decomposition rate of straw, prevents the separation of soil and seeds, avoids nitrogen deficiency, increases soil temperature and moisture retention, promotes corn root development, increases yield, reduces fertilizer use, and improves soil quality.
Smart Images
Figure CN121844780A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of straw return technology, and in particular to a method for returning straw to the field under plastic film suitable for dryland corn. Background Technology
[0002] As a vital food crop widely cultivated globally, maize plays an irreplaceable role in ensuring food security, promoting economic development, and maintaining ecological balance. Dryland maize, as an important type of maize cultivation, occupies a crucial position in agricultural production in my country and globally. With the continuous growth of the global population, the demand for food is constantly rising. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), global food demand is projected to increase by more than 60% by 2050. Against this backdrop, improving the yield and quality of dryland maize has become a key measure to ensure food security. Only by continuously innovating planting techniques and improving the yield and quality of dryland maize can we meet the ever-increasing food demand and ensure the stability of the global food supply.
[0003] my country is a traditional agricultural powerhouse, producing up to 10 tons of crop straw annually. Crop straw is rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, accounting for approximately 25% of the nation's total fertilizer production. Excessive fertilizer application can disrupt soil structure and reduce soil fertility. Using crop straw as fertilizer, however, is significant for improving soil quality, reducing environmental pollution, and addressing other environmental issues. In recent years, with the increasing amount of straw returned to the field, the straw often fails to decompose in a timely manner, leading to slow emergence and seedling burn. Furthermore, pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds carried by the straw can increase wheat pests and diseases, potentially causing yield reductions. In addition, uncomposted straw can cause excessive soil loosening during the return process, leading to seed separation, difficulty in germination, or inconsistent germination, further reducing yield and increasing management difficulty. After straw is returned to the field, microorganisms consume nitrogen from both the straw and the soil, reducing the available nitrogen content in the soil. The resulting nitrogen deficiency due to peak nitrogen consumption hinders seed germination and seedling growth. However, the decomposition time of straw returned to dryland fields is longer than that of ordinary straw due to problems such as water shortage and insufficient soil temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to find a method for rapid straw decomposition during the planting process to solve the problem of corn planting in dryland fields. Summary of the Invention
[0004] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for returning straw to the field under plastic film suitable for dryland maize, which solves the problems of slow straw decomposition time, difficulty in seed germination, and the impact of peak straw nitrogen consumption on crop growth during dryland maize planting.
[0005] A method for returning straw to the field under plastic film for dryland maize, the method is as follows:
[0006] (1) After pre-treating the corn stalks, crush them and spread them evenly on the surface of the farmland together with the composting agent. Then apply the base fertilizer, and use a rotary tiller to mix the pre-treated corn stalks, composting agent and base fertilizer and turn them into the soil. The turning depth is 15-20cm.
[0007] (2) After returning the straw to the field, the farmland is ridged and covered with film, and then corn is sown;
[0008] (3) After the corn seedlings emerge, normal irrigation management is carried out. No topdressing is required. After the corn is harvested, all the straw is returned to the field.
[0009] Furthermore, the composting agent is composed of cellulase, xylanase, and laccase in a mass ratio of 25:25:4.
[0010] Furthermore, the amount of corn straw returned to the field is 8000–9000 kg / hm². 2 The amount of the composting agent used is 2-3 kg / mu, and the base fertilizer is urea and phosphorus pentoxide, with a dosage of 120 kg / hm² respectively. 2 90kg / hm 2 .
[0011] Returning corn stalks to the field before planting corn in northern drylands can reduce fertilizer use and pollution, while also increasing soil organic matter content through resource utilization of corn stalks. However, the low rainfall and temperatures in northern drylands result in a long decomposition time. Therefore, adding enzymes as decomposing agents decomposes corn stalks and promotes the reproduction of soil microorganisms, accelerating the decomposition process. However, in the unique geographical environment of northern drylands, corn sowing is usually carried out simultaneously with straw return. This planting method can cause corn seeds to be sown on uncomposted straw, leading to germination difficulties. Furthermore, the peak nitrogen consumption during the early stage of straw fermentation overlaps with the germination time of corn seeds, affecting seedling growth. Therefore, this invention requires pre-treating the corn stalks before returning them to the field.
[0012] Furthermore, the corn is sown in April or May each year, and sowing is carried out at least one week after the straw is returned to the field.
[0013] Furthermore, the pretreatment method for the corn stalks is as follows:
[0014] After spraying the corn stalks with the epidermal decomposing agent, let them stand for 3-4 hours, and then crush the corn stalks. The mass ratio of the corn stalks to the epidermal decomposing agent is 1:(0.1-0.5).
[0015] The decomposition rate of the corn stalk outer layer is much lower than that of the inner layer. The outer layer contains a large amount of amorphous silicates forming biominerals. Its surface consists of hydrophobic SiO2 molecules with hydrophilic hydroxyl groups, and embedded within these biominerals are proteins, sugars, lignin, lipids, metal ions, and amino acids. Proteins and sugars form an organic framework, making microbial decomposition of the corn stalk outer layer difficult. Therefore, this invention pre-treats the stalks by spraying an outer layer decomposing agent, then crushing them before returning them to the field. This solves both the problem of stalks isolating the soil from the seeds, hindering corn germination, and the problem of insufficient seedling nutrition due to peak nitrogen consumption. Specifically, the outer layer decomposing agent utilizes the viscosity and film-forming properties of methylcellulose to adhere the raw material to the corn stalk outer layer. Then, ammonia and ammonium sulfite are used to prepare a sulfite amino acid alkaline salt, softening the corn stalk surface and breaking the silica bonds. Finally, rhamnolipids are used to peel away the softened wax and expose the plant silica crystals and framework structure within the corn stalk outer layer. Once the crystalline and framework structure of the corn stalks is exposed, the stalks are crushed. During the crushing process, the immense shearing and frictional forces rupture the methylcellulose membrane, destroy sodium percarbonate particles, and break down diatomaceous earth-sodium pyrophosphate particles. The exposed sodium percarbonate, upon contact with soil moisture, releases hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, and other compounds from the organic framework, loosening its structure and exposing more metal ions, sugars, lignin, and lipids. Sodium pyrophosphate further chelates metal ions, dismantling the ion bridges supporting its structure, causing the overall framework of the corn stalk to disintegrate. This exposes cellulose, hemicellulose, and other raw materials for microbial utilization, providing a carbon source for microorganisms in the composting agent. The remaining sulfite amino acid alkaline salts provide a nitrogen source for the microorganisms. Under sufficient nitrogen and carbon sources, microorganisms multiply rapidly, reaching a peak nitrogen consumption period in a short time. This concentrates and advances the microbial nitrogen fixation period. By the time corn seedlings enter the critical nitrogen-demanding period, the peak nitrogen consumption of microorganisms has passed, and the fixed nitrogen begins to be remineralized and released, thus reducing competition with the crop and preventing weak seedlings, inconsistent growth, and reduced yield.
[0016] Furthermore, the epidermal degrading agent comprises the following raw materials:
[0017] Rhamnose lipolipase, sodium pyrophosphate, diatomaceous earth, ammonium sulfite, ammonia, sodium percarbonate, methylcellulose, beeswax.
[0018] Furthermore, the raw materials are specified in the following mass fractions:
[0019] Rhamnose 0.1-0.3 parts, sodium pyrophosphate 0.1-0.12 parts, diatomaceous earth 2-3 parts, ammonium sulfite 0.2-0.4 parts, ammonia water 0.2-0.4 parts, sodium percarbonate 0.5-0.7 parts, methylcellulose 0.2-0.3 parts, beeswax 0.1-0.2 parts.
[0020] Furthermore, the preparation method of the epidermal decomposing agent is as follows:
[0021] (1) After the beeswax is melted to a molten state, sodium percarbonate powder is added and stirred quickly and evenly. After cooling, it is crushed and sieved to obtain sodium percarbonate particles.
[0022] (2) After preparing a 15wt% sodium pyrophosphate solution, add diatomaceous earth, stir for 30-40 min, let stand overnight, take it out and air dry to obtain sodium pyrophosphate-diatomaceous earth composite particles.
[0023] (2) Prepare a 35wt% ammonium sulfite solution, mix it with 15wt% ammonia water, add rhamnolipin and stir evenly, then add it to a 2-3wt% methylcellulose solution made of methylcellulose, stir evenly, add sodium percarbonate particles and sodium pyrophosphate-diatomite composite particles, mix again to obtain the epidermal decomposition agent.
[0024] Furthermore, the sodium percarbonate particles pass through a 40-60 mesh sieve, and the diatomaceous earth has a particle size of 200-300 mesh.
[0025] Beneficial effects:
[0026] The straw return-to-field planting method under plastic film in this invention can accelerate the straw decomposition rate, prevent soil-seed separation caused by excessively long straw decomposition time, and avoid seed germination difficulties due to insufficient nutrient absorption. Simultaneously, this method can adjust the peak nitrogen consumption time, avoiding nitrogen deficiency in the soil during the jointing and tasseling stages of corn, thus preventing poor ear differentiation and development and reduced corn yield. Therefore, this method has a significant effect on increasing corn yield. Furthermore, the straw return-to-field planting method under plastic film can reduce soil moisture loss, increase soil temperature, provide a suitable moisture and temperature environment for straw decomposition, shorten straw decomposition time, increase soil nutrients, and reduce soil bulk density after straw decomposition, improving soil permeability, promoting corn root development, and further increasing corn yield. Attached Figure Description
[0027] Figure 1 : The method of returning straw to the field under plastic film for planting corn. Detailed Implementation
[0028] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments:
[0029] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of this invention are conventional methods. Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the embodiments of this invention are commercially available.
[0030] Example 1:
[0031] Preparation of composting agent:
[0032] The composting agent was prepared according to the mass ratio of cellulase, xylanase, and laccase of 25:25:4, with the activities of cellulase, xylanase, and laccase being 50u / mg, 100u / mg, and 10u / mg, respectively.
[0033] Preparation of epidermal degrading agent:
[0034] Weigh the raw materials according to the following quantities: 100g rhamnolipin, 100g sodium pyrophosphate, 200g diatomaceous earth, 200g ammonium sulfite, 200g ammonia, 500g sodium percarbonate, 200g methylcellulose, and 100g beeswax.
[0035] (1) After heating and melting beeswax to a molten state, add sodium percarbonate powder and stir quickly and evenly. After natural cooling, crush and pass through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain sodium percarbonate particles.
[0036] (2) After preparing a 15wt% sodium pyrophosphate solution, add 200 mesh diatomaceous earth, stir for 30 min and let stand overnight, filter out the diatomaceous earth and air dry at 40℃ until the water content is 12% to obtain sodium pyrophosphate-diatomaceous earth composite particles.
[0037] (3) Prepare a 35wt% ammonium sulfite solution, mix it with 15wt% ammonia water, add rhamnolipin and stir evenly, then add it to a 2wt% methylcellulose solution made of methylcellulose, stir evenly, add sodium percarbonate particles and sodium pyrophosphate-diatomite composite particles, mix again to obtain the epidermal decomposition agent.
[0038] Example 2:
[0039] Preparation of composting agent:
[0040] The composting agent was prepared according to the mass ratio of cellulase, xylanase, and laccase of 25:25:4, with the activities of cellulase, xylanase, and laccase being 50u / mg, 100u / mg, and 10u / mg, respectively.
[0041] Preparation of epidermal degrading agent:
[0042] Weigh the raw materials according to the following quantities: 300g rhamnolipin, 120g sodium pyrophosphate, 300g diatomaceous earth, 400g ammonium sulfite, 400g ammonia, 700g sodium percarbonate, 300g methylcellulose, and 200g beeswax.
[0043] (1) After heating and melting beeswax to a molten state, add sodium percarbonate powder and stir quickly and evenly. After natural cooling, crush and pass through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain sodium percarbonate particles.
[0044] (2) After preparing a 15wt% sodium pyrophosphate solution, add 300 mesh diatomaceous earth, stir for 40 min and let stand overnight, filter out the diatomaceous earth and air dry at 40℃ until the water content is 12% to obtain sodium pyrophosphate-diatomaceous earth composite particles.
[0045] (3) Prepare a 35wt% ammonium sulfite solution, mix it with 15wt% ammonia water, add rhamnolipin and stir evenly, then add it to a 3wt% methylcellulose solution made of methylcellulose, stir evenly, add sodium percarbonate particles and sodium pyrophosphate-diatomite composite particles, mix again to obtain the epidermal decomposition agent.
[0046] Example 3: Straw return to the field and corn planting
[0047] (1) Weigh the raw materials according to the mass ratio of corn stalks and epidermal decomposing agent of 1:0.3. Then spray the epidermal decomposing agent on the surface of the corn stalks, let it stand for 4 hours, and then crush the corn stalks to a particle size of 0.5-1cm. After crushing the corn stalks, spread them evenly on the surface of the farmland together with the composting agent. Then apply base fertilizer, and then use a rotary tiller to mix the pretreated corn stalks, composting agent and base fertilizer evenly and turn them into the soil to a depth of 15-20cm. The base fertilizer is urea and phosphorus pentoxide, and the dosage is 120kg / hm. 2 90kg / hm 2 The amount of straw returned to the field is 8000 kg / hm. 2 The dosage of composting agent is 2 kg / mu;
[0048] (2) Corn planting is carried out after rainy days in April and May each year. If there is no rain, artificial watering can be used. One week after the straw is returned to the field, ridges are made and mulched in the field. The ridge height is 10cm and the ridge width is 60cm. Then corn is sown at a density of 2600 plants / mu.
[0049] (3) Corn seeds will germinate in about two weeks and normal irrigation management can be carried out. No topdressing is required throughout the planting process. After corn harvest, all corn stalks should be returned to the field. The amount of corn stalks returned to the field should be 8,000 to 9,000 kg / hm. 2 .
[0050] Comparative Example 1:
[0051] This comparative example is compared with Example 1. The difference is that sodium percarbonate particles are not added in the preparation of the epidermal degrading agent, while the other raw materials and proportions are the same. The subsequent preparation steps of sodium pyrophosphate-diatomite composite particles and epidermal degrading agent are the same.
[0052] Comparative Example 2:
[0053] This comparative example is compared with Example 1. The difference is that sodium pyrophosphate-diatomaceous earth composite particles are not added in the preparation of the epidermal degrading agent. The other raw materials and proportions are the same, and the subsequent preparation steps of sodium percarbonate particles and epidermal degrading agent are the same.
[0054] Comparative Example 3:
[0055] This comparative example is compared with Example 1. The difference is that ammonia and ammonium sulfite are not added in the preparation of the epidermal decomposition agent. The other raw materials and proportions are the same. The preparation steps of sodium percarbonate particles and sodium pyrophosphate-diatomite composite particles are the same. The specific steps (3) are as follows:
[0056] Mix 370g of water with rhamnolipin until homogeneous, then add it to a 2wt% methylcellulose solution made of methylcellulose. Stir until homogeneous, then add sodium percarbonate granules and sodium pyrophosphate-diatomaceous earth composite granules. After mixing again, the epidermal decomposition agent is obtained.
[0057] Comparative Example 4:
[0058] This comparative example is compared with Example 1. The difference is that ammonia water is not added in the preparation of the epidermal decomposition agent. The other raw materials and proportions are the same. The preparation steps of sodium percarbonate particles and sodium pyrophosphate-diatomite composite particles are the same. The specific steps (3) are as follows:
[0059] Ammonium sulfite was prepared into a 35 wt% ammonium sulfite solution, which was then added to rhamnolipin and stirred until homogeneous. This solution was then added to a 2 wt% methylcellulose solution prepared from methylcellulose and stirred until homogeneous. Sodium percarbonate particles and sodium pyrophosphate-diatomaceous earth composite particles were then added and mixed again to obtain the epidermal decomposition agent.
[0060] Comparative Example 5:
[0061] This comparative example is compared with Example 1. The difference is that rhamnolipid is not added in the preparation of the epidermal decomposition agent, while the other raw materials and proportions are the same. The preparation steps of sodium percarbonate particles and sodium pyrophosphate-diatomite composite particles are the same.
[0062] Comparative Example 6:
[0063] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, the difference being that the raw material ratio is the same, but sodium pyrophosphate and diatomaceous earth are not made into composite particles. The specific preparation steps are as follows:
[0064] (1) After heating and melting beeswax to a molten state, add sodium percarbonate powder and stir quickly until uniform. After natural cooling, pulverize and pass through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain sodium percarbonate granules.
[0065] (3) Prepare a 35wt% ammonium sulfite solution, mix it with 15wt% ammonia water, add rhamnolipin and stir evenly, then add it to a 2wt% methylcellulose solution made of methylcellulose, stir evenly, add sodium percarbonate particles and mix evenly, then add diatomaceous earth and sodium pyrophosphate, mix again and obtain the epidermal decomposition agent.
[0066] Comparative Example 7:
[0067] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, except that methylcellulose is replaced with an equal amount of sodium alginate, while the preparation method and the proportions of the remaining raw materials are the same.
[0068] Comparative Example 8:
[0069] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, except that ammonia and ammonium sulfite are replaced with sodium hydroxide solution, while the composition and ratio of the remaining raw materials are the same. The specific steps (3) are as follows:
[0070] (3) Add 800g of 1.5wt% sodium hydroxide solution to a 2wt% methylcellulose solution made of methylcellulose, stir evenly, add sodium percarbonate particles and sodium pyrophosphate-diatomite composite particles, and mix again to obtain the epidermal decomposition agent.
[0071] Comparative Example 9:
[0072] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, the difference being that the epidermal degrading agent is obtained by directly mixing rhamnolipin, sodium pyrophosphate and ammonium sulfite in a mass ratio of 0.05:0.05:0.12.
[0073] experiment:
[0074] After corn stalks are returned to the field, they will decompose rapidly due to the action of composting agents and soil microorganisms. Therefore, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil is tested once a day, and the time when the lowest value of nitrate nitrogen appears is recorded to observe the peak of nitrogen consumption. Finally, the corn yield is recorded.
[0075] 1. The experiment was conducted in Baota District, Yan'an City, involving corn straw return to the field and corn planting. The soil conditions in the area were as follows: soil organic matter 7.64 g / kg, total nitrogen 0.50 g / kg, pH=8.30, available phosphorus 4.88 mg / kg, and available potassium 116.57 mg / kg.
[0076] 2. The area of each experimental plot is 1 mu (approximately 0.16 acres), and each plot is divided into 3 units. The median value is used when calculating the time, and the average value is used when calculating the yield.
[0077] 3. The specific process of returning corn stalks to the field and planting is as follows:
[0078] The experiment began on April 25, 2025. The amount of fresh corn stalks returned to the field was 9000 kg / hm². 2 The composting agent was prepared according to a mass ratio of cellulase, xylanase, and laccase of 25:25:4, with a dosage of 2 kg / mu; the base fertilizer consisted of urea and phosphorus pentoxide, with dosages of 120 kg / hm² respectively. 2 90kg / hm 2 The ridges are 10cm high and 60cm wide, with a sowing density of 60cm row spacing and 45cm plant spacing. The enzyme activities are: cellulase (50u / mg), xylanase (100u / mg), and laccase (10u / mg).
[0079] The return-to-field and planting processes for experimental group 1 and control groups 1-8 are as follows:
[0080] (1) Weigh the raw materials according to the mass ratio of corn stalks and epidermal decomposition agent of 1:0.3. Then spray the epidermal decomposition agent on the surface of the corn stalks. After standing for 4 hours, crush the corn stalks to a particle size of 0.5 cm. After crushing the corn stalks, spread them evenly on the surface of the farmland together with the composting agent. Then apply the base fertilizer. Then use a rotary tiller to mix the pretreated corn stalks, composting agent and base fertilizer evenly and turn them into the soil to a depth of 20 cm.
[0081] (2) One week after returning corn stalks to the field, the field is ridged and covered with film, then corn is sown, and watered thoroughly. The content of nitrate nitrogen in the plot is tested every day after sowing.
[0082] (3) Normal irrigation management can be carried out after the corn seedlings emerge. No topdressing is required throughout the planting process. The yield is calculated after the corn matures.
[0083] The process of returning the crop to the field and planting in control group 9 is as follows:
[0084] (1) Crush the corn stalks to a particle size of 0.5cm. Weigh the raw materials according to the mass ratio of corn stalks to epidermal decomposing agent of 1:0.3. After crushing the corn stalks, spread them evenly on the surface of the farmland together with the composting agent and epidermal decomposing agent. Then apply base fertilizer and use a rotary tiller to turn the above raw materials into the soil to a depth of 20cm.
[0085] (2) One week after returning corn stalks to the field, the field is ridged and covered with film, then corn is sown, and watered thoroughly. The content of nitrate nitrogen in the plot is tested every day after sowing.
[0086] (3) Normal irrigation management can be carried out after the corn seedlings emerge. No topdressing is required throughout the planting process. The yield is calculated after the corn matures.
[0087] The process of returning the crop to the field and planting in control group 10 is as follows:
[0088] (1) Crush the corn stalks to a particle size of 0.5cm. After crushing the corn stalks, spread them evenly on the surface of the farmland together with the composting agent. Then apply the base fertilizer and use a rotary tiller to turn the corn stalks and composting agent into the soil to a depth of 20cm.
[0089] (2) One week after returning corn stalks to the field, the field is ridged and covered with film, then corn is sown, and watered thoroughly. The content of nitrate nitrogen in the plot is tested every day after sowing.
[0090] (3) Normal irrigation management can be carried out after the corn seedlings emerge. Before sowing, apply 30 kg / mu of base fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O 15-15-15) once. No additional fertilizer is needed for the later growth. The yield is calculated after the corn matures.
[0091] 4. Experimental group 1 used the epidermal decomposition agent prepared in Example 1, control groups 1-9 used the epidermal decomposition agents prepared in Comparative Examples 1-9 respectively, and control group 10 did not use the epidermal decomposition agent but only performed corn straw return treatment.
[0092] 5. Results and Analysis:
[0093] In this experiment, the jointing stage of maize began on the 38th day after sowing, and the trumpet stage began on the 49th day. The timing of the nitrate nitrogen trough and the yield results are shown in Table 1. The organic matter content, soil bulk density, and total nitrogen content of the highest-yielding group (experimental group 1) and the lowest-yielding group (control group 10) were also measured, and the results are shown in Table 2.
[0094] Table 1
[0095]
[0096] Table 2
[0097]
[0098] Data Analysis:
[0099] 1. Control group 10 represents the corn yield after only returning corn stalks to the field, which is 6958.39 kg / hm². 2 The yield of experimental group 1 increased significantly after using the epidermal decomposition agent of the present invention. The soil organic matter content, soil bulk density and total nitrogen content also show that the soil nutrients in experimental group 1 are significantly improved compared with the traditional control group 10. This can significantly promote corn production, increase yield and reduce fertilizer usage.
[0100] 2. Compared with control groups 2-3, 5, and 10, experimental group 1 showed that the nitrate nitrogen trough appeared later in the control groups than in experimental group 1, and was close to the start of the tasseling stage. This indicates that soil nitrogen levels continued to decrease before the tasseling stage, and microorganisms were still competing for nutrients. The tasseling stage of corn is a critical period for water and fertilizer application and is significantly related to the quality of corn ears. Insufficient fertilizer during this period can easily lead to a reduction in corn yield. The nitrogen troughs in control groups 1, 6, 7, and 9 appeared around the beginning of the jointing stage. Nitrogen consumption was basically over, and soil nitrogen levels began to increase. However, the nitrogen content needed to recover slowly, and it was still insufficient during the jointing stage, affecting corn growth. But the gradual increase in nitrogen at this time helped the growth of corn ears in the later tasseling stage, so their yield was higher than that of control groups 2 and 3.
[0101] 3. In control groups 4 and 8, the nitrogen trough occurred before the jointing stage. The jointing stage is a period of rapid stalk growth in corn, with accelerated stem elongation and rapid root development, laying the foundation for tall plants and large ears. Therefore, the nitrogen demand is high. Since this period is far from the jointing stage and nitrogen is in the process of accumulation and recovery, the impact on ears is lower than in other control groups, resulting in a certain increase in yield. However, the low nitrogen content still affects the height of corn stalks and the differentiation of male and female ears. Therefore, the epidermal decomposition agent of this invention promotes stalk decomposition, ending the peak nitrogen consumption earlier and preventing microorganisms from competing with crops for nutrients during corn growth, thus avoiding a decrease in soil nutrients.
[0102] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Technical aspects, shapes, and structures not described in detail in this invention are all well-known technologies.
Claims
1. A method for returning straw to the field under plastic film for dryland maize, characterized in that, The method is as follows: (1) After pre-treating the corn stalks, crush them and spread them evenly on the surface of the farmland together with the composting agent. Then apply the base fertilizer, and use a rotary tiller to mix the pre-treated corn stalks, composting agent and base fertilizer and turn them into the soil. The turning depth is 15-20cm. (2) After returning the straw to the field, the farmland is ridged and covered with film, and then corn is sown; (3) After the corn seedlings emerge, normal irrigation management is carried out. No topdressing is required. After the corn is harvested, all the straw is returned to the field.
2. The method for returning straw to the field under plastic film for dryland maize according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composting agent is composed of cellulase, xylanase, and laccase in a mass ratio of 25:25:
4.
3. A method for returning straw to the field under plastic film for dryland maize according to claim 2, characterized in that, The amount of corn straw returned to the field is 8000–9000 kg / hm². 2 The amount of the composting agent used is 2-3 kg / mu, and the base fertilizer is urea and phosphorus pentoxide, with a dosage of 120 kg / hm² respectively. 2 90kg / hm 2 .
4. A method for returning straw to the field under plastic film for dryland maize, as described in claim 3, is characterized in that... The corn is sown in April or May each year, and sowing is carried out at least one week after the straw is returned to the field.
5. A method for returning straw to the field under plastic film for dryland maize according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pretreatment method for the corn stalks is as follows: After spraying the corn stalks with the epidermal decomposing agent, let them stand for 3-4 hours, and then crush the corn stalks. The mass ratio of the corn stalks to the epidermal decomposing agent is 1:(0.1-0.5).
6. A method for returning straw to the field under plastic film for dryland maize according to claim 5, characterized in that, The epidermal degrading agent comprises the following raw materials: Rhamnose lipolipase, sodium pyrophosphate, diatomaceous earth, ammonium sulfite, ammonia, sodium percarbonate, methylcellulose, beeswax.
7. A method for returning straw to the field under plastic film for dryland maize according to claim 6, characterized in that, The raw materials are present in the following proportions by weight: Rhamnose 0.1-0.3 parts, sodium pyrophosphate 0.1-0.12 parts, diatomaceous earth 2-3 parts, ammonium sulfite 0.2-0.4 parts, ammonia water 0.2-0.4 parts, sodium percarbonate 0.5-0.7 parts, methylcellulose 0.2-0.3 parts, beeswax 0.1-0.2 parts.
8. A method for returning straw to the field under plastic film for dryland maize according to claim 7, characterized in that, The preparation method of the epidermal decomposing agent is as follows: (1) After the beeswax is melted to a molten state, sodium percarbonate powder is added and stirred quickly and evenly. After cooling, it is crushed and sieved to obtain sodium percarbonate particles. (2) After preparing a 15wt% sodium pyrophosphate solution, add diatomaceous earth, stir for 30-40 min, let stand overnight, take it out and air dry to obtain sodium pyrophosphate-diatomaceous earth composite particles. (2) Prepare a 35wt% ammonium sulfite solution, mix it with 15wt% ammonia water, add rhamnolipin and stir evenly, then add it to a 2-3wt% methylcellulose solution made of methylcellulose, stir evenly, add sodium percarbonate particles and sodium pyrophosphate-diatomite composite particles, mix again to obtain the epidermal decomposition agent.
9. A method for returning straw to the field under plastic film for dryland maize according to claim 8, characterized in that, The sodium percarbonate particles are sieved through a 40-60 mesh sieve, and the diatomaceous earth particles have a diameter of 200-300 mesh.