Drilling and tapping integrated equipment for shell casting part machining

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of numerical control machining equipment, and particularly discloses drilling and tapping integrated equipment for shell casting part machining, which comprises a rack, a workbench is arranged on the rack, a drilling drill bit and a tapping drill bit are symmetrically arranged on the rack in a lifting manner, a shell is positioned between the drilling drill bit and the tapping drill bit, and a first clamping plate is arranged on the rack in a lifting manner; the first clamping plate is movably attached to the upper end face of the shell, the workbench is movably attached to the lower end face of the shell, a first main shaft and a second main shaft are symmetrically arranged on the rack in a lifting mode, and a first rotating head and a second rotating head are rotationally arranged on the first main shaft and the second main shaft correspondingly. The drilling drill bit and the tapping drill bit are in one-to-one correspondence with the first rotating head and the second rotating head, and the rack is provided with a chamfering assembly used for chamfering a shell hole and a scraping assembly used for removing burrs of the shell hole. The machining method has the effects that deformation of the periphery of the shell hole in the machining process is reduced, and the shell machining quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of CNC machining equipment, and in particular to an integrated drilling and tapping machine for machining shell castings. Background Technology

[0002] Shell castings are widely used in automotive manufacturing, aerospace, electronics, and marine engineering. Drilling and tapping are the core processes in shell machining. For example, flanges and equipment end faces require standardized threaded interfaces through tapping to ensure stable connections with other components.

[0003] Existing drilling and tapping equipment mainly includes a frame, a clamping base, a spindle slidably mounted on the frame, and a rotating head rotatably mounted inside the spindle. The rotating head is equipped with a drill bit or a tapping bit, and the spindle is raised and lowered by a cylinder, while the rotating head is rotated by a servo motor. When machining a housing, drilling and tapping stations are typically set up. Technicians fix the semi-finished housing on the clamping base and move the housing under the drill bit. The servo motor drives the spindle to descend and the rotating head to rotate, causing the drill bit to drill a hole in the housing. Then, by moving the clamping base, the housing is moved under the tapping bit, which cuts threads with a vertical feed. Finally, by changing to a chamfering drill bit and a back-hole drill bit, the hole is chamfered and deburred, thus completing the machining of the housing.

[0004] When existing equipment processes thin shells with a wall thickness of less than 5mm, both the drill bit and the tapping drill bit apply force from one side of the shell. The cutting force causes local stretching or compression of the material around the hole, which deforms the shell around the hole and affects the quality of the finished shell. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to improve the problem that the shell around the hole is prone to deformation when drilling and tapping thin shells with existing equipment, this application provides an integrated drilling and tapping equipment for processing shell castings.

[0006] The drilling and tapping integrated equipment for machining shell castings provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A drilling and tapping integrated machine for machining housing castings includes a frame with a worktable. Drilling bits and tapping bits are symmetrically and vertically mounted on the frame. The housing is located between the drilling bits and the tapping bits. A first clamping plate is vertically mounted on the frame, movably fitting against the upper surface of the housing. The worktable is movably fitted against the lower surface of the housing. A first spindle and a second spindle are symmetrically and vertically mounted on the frame. A first rotating head and a second rotating head are rotatably mounted on the first spindle and the second spindle, respectively. The drilling bits and the tapping bits correspond one-to-one with the first rotating head and the second rotating head. The frame is equipped with a chamfering assembly for chamfering the holes in the housing and a scraping assembly for removing burrs from the holes in the housing.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, when drilling and tapping thin shells, the operator first fixes the shell on the workbench of the machine frame, making the lower end face of the shell abut against the workbench, and aligns the position of the shell to be drilled with the working opening on the workbench. The first clamping plate moves and abuts against the upper end face of the shell. The first clamping plate and the workbench clamp and fix the two ends of the shell. In the prior art, drilling and tapping of the shell are performed by switching different drill bits or moving the shell to different work positions. Since drilling and tapping of the shell are both performed from the same side of the shell, the continuous pressure applied by the drill bit to the shell will cause deformation of the thin shell, affecting the quality of the finished product. By setting a drilling drill bit on the top of the shell and a tapping drill bit on the bottom of the shell for processing, the deformation of the shell during processing is reduced. At the same time, the first clamping plate improves the stability of the shell during processing and improves the positioning accuracy of the holes on the shell.

[0008] During the drilling process from top to bottom, burrs will protrude outwards from the lower end face of the housing, while the upper end face will experience issues such as curling edges and chip adhesion. Furthermore, the holes on the upper end face of the housing need to be chamfered to facilitate the subsequent insertion of screws and other connecting parts into the housing. Technicians need to process both ends of the housing holes before tapping the housing to reduce the entry of burrs and adhered chips into the holes, which could damage the threads formed on the housing.

[0009] After the housing is clamped and fixed, the first spindle and the first rotating head located above the housing are started, causing the drilling bit to move downward. The first rotating head drives the drilling bit to rotate and drill a hole in the housing. After drilling is completed, the chamfering assembly chamfers the hole wall on the upper end face of the hole in the housing.

[0010] After drilling and chamfering the housing, burrs tend to form at the edges of the holes on the lower surface of the housing during the drilling process. The scraping component first removes the burrs from the hole walls at the lower end of the housing. Then, the second spindle and second rotary head located below the housing are activated, causing the tapping drill bit to move upwards. The tapping drill bit taps the holes on the housing from bottom to top. The scraping component reduces the impact of burrs on the subsequent tapping process, improving the quality of the housing tapping. Normally, technicians use manual or mechanical methods to clean the burrs and chips remaining on the housing. If manual methods are used, the housing needs to be removed for cleaning. If mechanical methods are used, the housing needs to be moved to other workstations, both requiring secondary clamping. This secondary clamping process introduces precision errors and affects the housing processing quality. This equipment, by setting up chamfering and scraping components, immediately performs chamfering and burr removal after drilling, followed by tapping of the housing. This improves the efficiency of housing processing and reduces the precision errors caused by secondary processing.

[0011] Optionally, the chamfering assembly includes a chamfering blade symmetrically and rotatably mounted on the frame, a first rotating plate slidably mounted on the first rotating head, one end of the first rotating plate near the worktable being movably fitted with the first clamping plate, the chamfering blade being slidably mounted inside the first rotating plate, and the chamfering assembly further includes a driving member for driving the chamfering blade to move and a limiting member for limiting the first rotating plate. When drilling the housing, the first rotating plate is not in contact with the first clamping plate. At this time, the chamfering cutter is located inside the first rotating plate. When drilling is completed, the limiting member makes the first rotating plate abut against the first clamping plate. The first rotating plate and the first rotating head generate relative displacement. The first rotating head rises and drives the chamfering cutter to extend out of the first rotating plate through the driving member, and chamfers the hole in the housing.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, when drilling the shell, the limiting component fixes the first rotating plate to the top of the first rotating head, and the first spindle and the first rotating head drive the drill bit to drill the shell.

[0013] After drilling is completed, the limiting component causes the first rotating plate to abut against the first clamping plate. The first spindle drives the first rotating head and drill bit away from the housing. The working action of the limiting component and the first spindle causes relative displacement between the first rotating plate and the first rotating head. The first rotating head moves upward and drives the chamfering cutter to extend out from the first rotating plate through the driving component. The chamfering cutter abuts against the hole wall on the housing. The first rotating head drives the first rotating plate to rotate, and the first rotating plate drives the chamfering cutter to rotate, and chamfers the hole.

[0014] After processing, the limiting component drives the first rotating plate to separate from the first clamping plate, and the first cylinder drives the first clamping plate to separate from the housing. This equipment uses a first rotating plate and a chamfering cutter to chamfer the hole. Compared with the existing technology that uses different drill bits to chamfer the hole, it reduces the need for secondary processing of the housing and effectively improves the processing efficiency of the housing.

[0015] Optionally, the driving component includes a first rack disposed on the side wall of the first rotating head, a first gear rotatably disposed inside the first rotating plate and meshing with the first rack, a second rack slidably disposed inside the first rotating plate and meshing with the first gear, a chamfering cutter disposed on the second rack, the moving direction of the first rack being inclined to the end face of the housing, and the chamfering cutter being movably fitted with the hole wall on the upper end face of the housing.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, after drilling the shell, when the first rotating plate and the first clamping plate are pressed together, the first rotating head moves upward. The rack inside the first rotating head drives the first gear inside the first rotating plate to rotate. The first gear drives the second rack to move inside the first rotating plate, and the chamfering cutter on the second rack extends out of the first rotating plate. The chamfering cutter abuts against the hole wall of the shell hole. The first rotating plate drives the chamfering cutter to rotate, and the hole is chamfered. This device chamfers the hole by sliding the chamfering cutter inside the first rotating plate, while ensuring that the chamfering cutter and the drill bit do not interfere with each other, effectively improving the efficiency of shell processing.

[0017] Optionally, the limiting component includes a limiting block disposed on the first spindle, a limiting disk fixedly connected to one end of the first rotating plate away from the worktable, an annular limiting groove movably fitting the limiting block on the limiting disk, and a first electric telescopic rod fixedly connected to the first spindle, the telescopic end of the first electric telescopic rod being fixedly connected to the limiting block.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, when the drill bit drills into the housing, the first electric telescopic rod is not activated. The first spindle drives the first rotating plate and the first rotating head to move downward. At this time, the drilling bit extends out of the first rotating plate and abuts against the housing. The first rotating head drives the drilling bit to drill into the housing. When the drilling is completed, the bottom of the first rotating plate abuts against the first clamping plate. At the same time, the first spindle rises and the first electric telescopic rod extends, so that the first rotating plate always abuts against the first clamping plate. A relative displacement occurs between the first rotating plate and the first rotating head, and the chamfering cutter extends out of the first rotating plate through the driving component. When the first rotating plate rotates, the limiting block moves in the annular limiting groove of the limiting plate.

[0019] Optionally, the scraping assembly includes scraping blades symmetrically and rotatably mounted on the frame, a second rotating plate slidably mounted on the second rotating head, the second rotating plate being movably fitted to the bottom of the worktable, a chamfering blade slidably mounted inside the second rotating plate, and the scraping assembly further includes an adjusting member for driving the scraping blades to move and a locking member for limiting the second rotating plate. Before tapping the housing, the second spindle presses the second rotating plate against the second clamping plate. At this time, the scraper abuts against the hole wall of the housing hole and scrapes off the protruding burrs of the housing hole. After scraping, the locking member causes relative displacement between the second rotating head and the second rotating plate, and the adjusting member drives the scraper to retract into the second rotating plate. The second rotating head drives the tapping tool to tap the hole.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, after drilling is completed, the second spindle located below the housing drives the second rotating plate to abut against the bottom of the worktable. At this time, the tapping drill bit is not against the housing, and the scraper inside the second rotating plate abuts against the lower end face of the housing. The second rotating head drives the second rotating plate to rotate, and the second rotating plate drives the scraper to rotate. The scraper scrapes off the burrs protruding from the housing, effectively reducing the impact of burrs generated by drilling on tapping and improving the processing quality of the housing.

[0021] After scraping is completed, the locking device unlocks the second rotating plate and the second rotating head. The second spindle continues to rise, causing relative displacement between the second rotating plate and the second rotating head. The adjusting device then drives the scraping blade to retract into the second rotating plate, ensuring that the scraping blade and the tapping drill bit do not interfere with each other.

[0022] The second spindle, located below the housing, continues to extend and drives the tapping drill bit to abut against the housing. The tapping drill bit taps the holes on the housing. After tapping is completed, the second spindle retracts and drives the second rotating head to descend. When the tapping drill bit moves away from the housing, the locking mechanism unlocks the second rotating plate from the worktable and moves the second rotating plate away from the working opening on the worktable. This equipment removes burrs generated during drilling by setting a scraper, reducing the impact of burrs on tapping and effectively improving the processing quality of the housing, while also increasing the processing efficiency of the housing.

[0023] Optionally, the adjusting component includes a third rack disposed on the side wall of the second rotating plate, a second gear rotatably disposed inside the second rotating plate and meshing with the third rack, a fourth rack slidably disposed inside the second rotating plate and meshing with the second gear, and a scraper disposed on the fourth rack, the scraper being movably fitted against the hole wall on the lower end face of the housing.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, when the second rotating plate and the second rotating head are relatively displaced, the third rack drives the second gear to rotate, the second gear drives the fourth rack to rotate, and the fourth rack drives the scraper to retract into the second rotating plate, so that the scraper retracts into the second rotating plate before the tapping drill bit contacts the hole wall, so that the scraper and the tapping drill bit do not affect each other.

[0025] Optionally, the locking component includes a locking block disposed on the second spindle, a locking disc fixedly connected to the end of the second rotating plate away from the worktable, the locking disc having an annular locking groove that movably fits with the locking block, and a second electric telescopic rod disposed on the second spindle, the telescopic end of the second electric telescopic rod being fixedly connected to the locking block.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, when removing burrs from the holes on the lower end of the housing, the second electric telescopic rod is in the extended state, so that the second rotating plate is located at the top of the second rotating head. The second main shaft drives the second rotating disk to press against the bottom of the worktable. At this time, the scraper extends out of the second rotating plate and abuts against the housing. The second rotating head is started, and the second rotating head drives the second rotating plate to rotate. The second rotating plate drives the scraper to rotate, and the scraper scrapes off the burrs on the lower end face of the housing.

[0027] After the burrs are removed, the second spindle extends and drives the tapping drill bit closer to the housing. At the same time, the second electric telescopic rod retracts, so that the second rotating plate is always in contact with the bottom of the worktable. The second rotating plate and the second rotating head are relatively displaced. The second rotating head drives the scraper to retract into the second rotating plate through the adjustment component. The second spindle drives the tapping drill bit to tap the holes in the housing.

[0028] After tapping is completed, the second spindle drives the tapping drill bit and the second rotating plate away from the worktable. The second electric telescopic rod drives the second rotating plate to move to the top of the second rotating head again. When the second rotating plate rotates, the locking block moves in the annular locking groove on the locking plate.

[0029] Optionally, the frame is symmetrically and slidably provided with second clamping plates, and the two second clamping plates are respectively movably fitted with the two sides of the housing.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the operator places the housing on the frame and inserts both ends of the housing into the two second clamping plates. The second clamping plates are moved to move the housing between the drill bit and the tapping drill bit. Then, the first clamping plate presses the upper and lower end faces of the housing together, which effectively reduces the movement of the housing during processing and improves the stability of the device.

[0031] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. When machining the housing, a first rotating head drives a drilling bit to drill holes in the housing from top to bottom, and a second rotating head drives a tapping bit to tap the housing from bottom to top. The housing is clamped and fixed by a first clamping plate, a worktable, and a second clamping plate. Compared with existing equipment that drills and taps the housing on the same side, this effectively reduces stress concentration that causes deformation around the holes in the housing and improves the machining quality of the housing. 2. During the processing of the housing, the drilling, chamfering, deburring, and tapping processes of the housing are continuously performed through the symmetrically arranged first rotating head, first rotating plate, second rotating head, and second rotating plate. First, the housing is drilled, then the upper end face of the housing is chamfered and the lower end face of the housing is deburred, and finally the housing is tapped. Compared with the existing equipment that requires changing different workstations or replacing drill bits, this device effectively reduces the accuracy error caused by secondary clamping, improves the accuracy of housing processing, and improves processing efficiency. 3. After drilling is completed, the first rotating plate abuts against the first clamping plate. Under the combined action of the first spindle and the first electric telescopic rod, the first rotating head and the first rotating plate are relatively displaced. The drive unit drives the chamfering cutter to extend out of the first rotating plate to chamfer the hole. At the same time, the second rotating plate abuts against the bottom of the worktable, and the scraper removes the burrs protruding from the hole. After the burrs are removed, the tapping drill bit taps the hole. This device effectively improves the processing efficiency of the housing by setting the chamfering cutter and the scraper to chamfer and remove burrs from the hole at the same time, while reducing the risk of burrs being brought into the hole and damaging the threads. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the chamfering component used in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the scraping component used in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a partial schematic diagram of the driving and adjusting components used in the embodiments of this application.

[0033] Reference numerals: 1. Frame; 11. Worktable; 111. Working port; 21. First clamping plate; 22. Second clamping plate; 31. First spindle; 32. First rotating head; 33. Drill bit; 34. Second spindle; 35. Second rotating head; 36. Tapping drill bit; 4. Chamfering assembly; 41. Chamfering cutter; 42. First rotating plate; 43. Driving component; 431. First rack; 432. First gear; 433. Second rack; 441. Limiting block; 442. Limiting disc; 443. Annular limiting groove; 444. First telescopic component; 5. Scraping assembly; 51. Scraping blade; 52. Second rotating plate; 53. Adjusting component; 531. Third rack; 532. Second gear; 533. Fourth rack; 541. Locking block; 542. Locking disc; 543. Annular locking groove; 544. Second telescopic component. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-5 This application will be described in further detail.

[0035] This application discloses an integrated drilling and tapping device for machining shell castings. (Refer to...) Figure 1-4 The drilling and tapping integrated equipment for machining shell castings includes a frame 1, a worktable 11 on the frame 1 with a working opening 111, two second clamping plates 22 slidably mounted on the frame 1, and a power source such as a cylinder or hydraulic cylinder fixedly connected to the frame 1 to drive the movement of the second clamping plates 22. The two second clamping plates 22 are movably fitted with the sides of the shell. A sliding plate can be mounted on the worktable 11, and the second clamping plates 22 can be slidably mounted on the sliding plate, which can be driven by a motor. Driven by a lead screw, the housing can move along the length and width of the frame 1, facilitating processing at different locations on the same housing. A first clamping plate 21 is vertically mounted on the frame 1. Power sources such as cylinders and hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected to the frame to drive the first clamping plate 21. The moving direction of the first clamping plate 21 is parallel to the height direction of the frame 1. The first clamping plate 21 is movably fitted against the upper end face of the housing. A first spindle 31 and a second spindle 34 are vertically mounted on the frame 1. A first rotating head 32 and a second rotating head 35 are rotatably mounted on the telescopic end of the second spindle 34. The first rotating head 32 is equipped with a drilling bit 33 for drilling holes in the housing, and the second rotating head 35 is equipped with a tapping drill bit 36 ​​for tapping holes in the housing. The first rotating head 32 is located above the worktable 11, and the second rotating head 35 is located below the worktable 11. Two rotary servo motors and two feed cylinders are fixedly connected to the frame 1. The two rotary servo motors are respectively connected to the first rotating head 32. The first clamping plate 21 is provided with a communication port for drilling bit 33 and tapping bit 36 ​​to work. The lower end face of the worktable 11 is provided with a working port 111. Both the communication port and the working port 111 are stepped. An industrial camera for identifying the hole position on the housing is provided on the frame 1. A chamfering component 4 for chamfering the housing hole and a scraping component 5 for removing burrs from the housing hole are provided on the frame 1.

[0036] During the machining of the housing, the drilling bit 33 in this application drills holes in the housing from top to bottom, and the chamfering component 4 chamfers the holes formed on the housing. During the drilling process, burrs that protrude outwards are easily formed on the lower end face of the housing. In order to reduce the impact of the tapping drill bit 36 ​​pushing the protruding burrs into the hole and affecting the threads on the inner wall of the hole, the scraping component 5 first removes the burrs on the lower end face of the housing before the tapping drill bit 36 ​​taps. If the drilling bit 33 is used to drill the housing from bottom to top, the burrs and debris that fall off are easily adhered to the inner wall of the hole, while the burrs and debris that do not fall off remain inside the hole due to gravity, which will interfere with the subsequent tapping process. To improve the quality of thread forming, when drilling from top to bottom, the debris and burrs generated during the drilling process naturally detach from the hole under the action of gravity. Some burrs that do not completely detach naturally hang down and protrude from the lower surface of the shell due to gravity, making them easier to remove later and reducing the risk of burrs remaining in the hole. In contrast to the existing technology, which first drills the shell and then chamfers the hole on the shell, and then removes the burrs on the lower end face of the shell after the tapping drill bit 36 ​​has finished tapping the shell, the tapping drill bit 36 ​​will bring the uncleaned, protruding burrs from the lower end into the hole during the tapping process and scratch the already formed thread surface.

[0037] When processing the housing, the operator first places the housing on the workbench 11. The second clamping plate 22 clamps the two sides of the housing, fixing the housing on the workbench 11. The slide plate on the workbench 11 moves the housing and, in conjunction with the industrial camera on the frame 1, aligns the holes on the housing with the working opening 111 on the workbench 11. Then, the first clamping plate 21 moves downward and presses the housing against it, so that the upper and lower end faces of the housing are respectively in close contact with the first clamping plate 21 and the workbench 11. The feed cylinder drives the first spindle 31 to descend, the first spindle 31 drives the drilling bit 33 to descend, and the rotary servo motor drives the first rotary head 32 to rotate, so that the drilling bit 33 drills holes in the housing.

[0038] After drilling is completed, the first spindle 31 drives the drilling bit 33 away from the housing, the chamfering assembly 4 chamfers the hole on the upper end of the housing, the feed cylinder drives the second spindle 34 to rise, the rotary servo motor drives the second rotary head 35 to rotate, the scraping assembly 5 scrapes the burrs on the protruding hole on the lower end of the housing, the second spindle 34 rises again, causing the tapping bit 36 ​​located below the worktable 11 to rise and tap the hole; this device, by drilling and tapping the upper and lower end faces of the housing, chamfering and removing burrs from the holes on the housing, and using the first clamping plate 21 and the second clamping plate 22 to fix the housing, effectively reduces the deformation around the holes in the housing during drilling and tapping compared to the prior art, while chamfering and removing burrs from the housing during drilling and tapping, and reducing the thread surface formed by burr scratches, effectively improving the processing efficiency and processing quality of the housing.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 The chamfering assembly 4 includes a first rotating plate 42 slidably disposed on a first rotating head 32. A groove is provided on the first rotating head 32. A protrusion that is movably adapted to the groove is integrally formed on the first rotating plate 42. Chamfering blades 41 are slidably and symmetrically disposed inside the first rotating plate 42. The first rotating plate 42 is inserted and adapted to the first clamping plate 21. A ball is rotatably disposed at the contact part between the first rotating plate 42 and the first clamping plate 21 to reduce the friction between the first rotating plate 42 and the first clamping plate 21. Pressure sensors are disposed inside the first clamping plate 21 and the worktable 11. A controller is disposed on the frame 1. The controller can be a PLC control system, a servo motor control system, etc. The chamfering assembly 4 also includes a driving component 43 for driving the chamfering blades 41 to move and a limiting component for limiting the first rotating plate 42.

[0040] The driving component 43 includes a first rack 431 symmetrically arranged in the first rotating head 32, a first gear 432 symmetrically rotatably arranged in the first rotating plate 42, the first gear 432 meshing with the first rack 431, a second rack 433 slidably arranged in the first rotating plate 42 meshing with the first gear 432, the second rack 433 being L-shaped, a movable groove for the second rack 433 to move in the first rotating plate 42, a chamfering cutter 41 being held at the end of the second rack 433, the chamfering cutter 41 being inclined to the upper end face of the housing, the cutting edge of the chamfering cutter 41 being inclined to the wall of the hole in the housing, and the chamfering cutter 41 being movably fitted with the upper hole wall of the housing.

[0041] The limiting component includes a limiting block 441 disposed on the first main shaft 31. A limiting disk 442 is integrally formed at the end of the first rotating plate 42 near the first main shaft 31. An annular limiting groove 443 is provided on the limiting disk 442 to movably fit the limiting block 441. Two first telescopic components 444 are fixedly connected to the first main shaft 31. The first telescopic component 444 can be a power source such as an electric telescopic rod or a cylinder. The telescopic end of the first telescopic component 444 is fixedly connected to the limiting block 441. The limiting block 441 is cylindrical in shape.

[0042] In other feasible embodiments, the limiting member may also be a bearing fixed to the end face of the first rotating plate 42 near the first spindle 31. Two first telescopic members 444 are fixed to one end of the first spindle 31 near the drill bit 33. The telescopic ends of the first telescopic members 444 are fixed to the outer ring of the bearing. The first rotating plate 42 is fixed to the inner ring of the bearing. The bearing slides and fits against the first rotating head 32.

[0043] When machining the housing, the first spindle 31 drives the first rotating head 32, the first rotating plate 42 located on the first rotating head 32, and the drilling bit 33 to descend. At this time, the drilling bit 33 located on the end face of the first rotating head 32 extends out of the end face of the first rotating plate 42 near the housing. When drilling is completed, the rotary servo motor stops rotating, and the first spindle 31 drives the end of the first rotating plate 42 near the housing to abut against the first clamping plate 21. The pressure sensor is pressed and transmits the signal to the controller. The controller controls the first electric telescopic rod 444 to extend, so that the first rotating plate 42 and the first clamping plate 21 are kept in contact. At the same time, the first spindle 31 rises, and the first spindle 31 drives the first rotating head 32, the first rotating plate 42 located on the first rotating head 32, and the first rotating plate 42 located on the first rotating head 32 to descend. A rotating head 32 and a drilling bit 33 rise, causing relative displacement between the first rotating plate 42 and the first rotating head 32. The first rack 431 inside the first rotating head 32 drives the first gear 432 located inside the first rotating plate 42 to rotate. The first gear 432 drives the second rack 433 to move in the movable slot inside the first rotating plate 42. The second rack 433 drives the chamfering cutter 41 to extend out of the first rotating plate 42. The chamfering cutter 41 abuts against the hole wall. At the same time, the rotation servo motor starts, the first rotating head 32 rotates, the first rotating head 32 drives the first rotating plate 42 to rotate, and the first rotating plate 42 drives the chamfering cutter 41 to rotate. The chamfering cutter 41 chamfers the hole.

[0044] After the chamfering is completed, the first spindle 31 continues to rise, causing the first rotating plate 42 to separate from the first clamping plate 21. The first electric telescopic rod 444 retracts, and the first electric telescopic rod 444 drives the first rotating plate 42 to move along the sliding groove on the first rotating head 32, and moves the first rotating plate 42 to the top of the first rotating head 32. When the first rotating head 32 drives the first rotating plate 42 to rotate, the limiting block 441 fixed on the first telescopic member 444 slides in the annular limiting groove 443 on the limiting plate 442. This device drives the chamfering cutter 41 to move by setting the driving member 43, and drives the chamfering cutter 41 to rotate to chamfer the hole through the joint action of the first rotating plate 42. Compared with the prior art, which requires changing different stations or different drill bits to chamfer, it effectively improves the processing efficiency and reduces the accuracy error caused by secondary processing.

[0045] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The scraping assembly 5 includes a second rotating plate 52 slidably disposed on a second rotating head 35. The second rotating head 35 has a moving groove. The second rotating plate 52 also has a protrusion integrally formed to be adapted to the moving groove. Scraping blades 51 are symmetrically and slidably disposed inside the second rotating plate 52. The blade edge of the scraping blade 51 is parallel to the lower end face of the housing. If it is necessary to chamfer the lower section of the housing hole, the scraping blade 51 can be replaced with a chamfering blade 41. The second rotating plate 52 is inserted and adapted to the working port 111. The scraping assembly 5 also includes an adjusting member 53 for driving the scraping blade 51 to move and a locking member for locking the second rotating plate 52.

[0046] The adjusting component 53 includes a third rack 531 symmetrically arranged inside the second rotating head 35, a second gear 532 symmetrically rotatably arranged inside the second rotating plate 52, the second gear 532 meshing with the third rack 531, a fourth rack 533 slidably arranged inside the second rotating plate 52 meshing with the second gear 532, the fourth rack 533 being L-shaped, and a movable groove for the fourth rack 533 to move within the second rotating plate 52, the end of the fourth rack 533 holding a scraper 51, the scraper 51 being inclined to the lower end face of the housing, the cutting edge of the scraper 51 being parallel to the lower end face of the housing, and the scraper 51 scraping away burrs protruding from the lower end face of the housing during drilling.

[0047] The locking mechanism includes a locking block 541 mounted on the second spindle 34. A locking disc 542 is integrally formed on the end of the second rotating plate 52 near the second spindle 34. The locking disc 542 has an annular locking groove 543 that movably fits the locking block 541. Two second telescopic members 544 are fixedly connected to the second spindle 34. The second telescopic member can be a power source such as an electric telescopic rod or a cylinder. The telescopic end of the second telescopic member 544 is fixedly connected to the locking block 541. The locking block 541 is cylindrical. In other feasible embodiments, the locking disc 542 can also be a bearing. The telescopic end of the second telescopic member 544 is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the bearing, and the inner ring of the bearing is fixedly connected to the end of the second rotating plate 52 away from the worktable 11.

[0048] After drilling the housing, the second spindle 34 drives the second rotating plate 52, the second rotating head 35, and the tapping drill bit 36 ​​to move upward. At this time, the second rotating plate 52 is located at the top of the second spindle 34, the scraper 51 extends out of the second rotating plate 52, and the tapping drill bit 36 ​​does not extend out of the second rotating plate 52 but is close to one end of the housing. The second spindle 34 drives the second rotating plate 52 to first abut against the bottom of the worktable 11. The rotation servo motor drives the second rotating head 35 to rotate, and the second rotating head 35 drives the tapping drill bit 36 ​​and the second rotating plate 52 to rotate. The second rotating plate 52 drives the scraper 51 to rotate, and the scraper 51 scrapes off the burrs on the lower end face of the housing.

[0049] After the burrs on the lower end face of the housing are removed, the holes created by the burr removal make it easier to guide the tapping drill bit 36 ​​to tap the housing. The second spindle 34 drives the second rotating head 35 to continue rising. When the pressure detected by the pressure sensor inside the worktable 11 increases, the pressure sensor transmits a signal to the controller. The controller controls the second electric telescopic rod 544 to retract, and the retraction speed of the second electric telescopic rod 544 is not less than the rising speed of the second rotating head 35. When the retraction speed of the second electric telescopic rod 544 is equal to the rising speed of the second rotating head 35, the second rotating plate 52 remains relatively stationary with respect to the worktable 11. The third rack 531 located on the second rotating head 35 drives the second rotating plate 52 to move. The second gear 532 rotates, driving the fourth rack 533 to move within the movable slot, causing the scraper 51 to retract into the second rotating plate 52. When the retraction speed of the second telescopic member 544 is greater than the upward speed of the second rotating head 35, the second rotating plate 52 separates from the working opening 111 on the worktable 11, and the second rotating head 35 continues to rise. Under the combined action of the second rotating plate 52 and the second rotating head 35, the third rack 531 drives the second gear 532 to rotate, and the second gear 532 drives the fourth rack 533 to rotate. The fourth rack 533 drives the scraper 51 to retract into the second rotating plate 52. At this time, the retraction of the scraper 51 is less likely to affect the tapping of the housing.

[0050] The second spindle 34 drives the tapping drill bit 36 ​​to tap the hole. After tapping, the second spindle 34 drives the second rotating head 35, the tapping drill bit 36, and the second rotating plate 52 to separate from the housing. The second telescopic member 544 extends and moves the second rotating plate 52 to the end of the second rotating head 35 close to the tapping drill bit 36, facilitating tapping the next hole in the housing. When the second rotating head 35 rotates, the locking block 541 fixed to the telescopic end of the second telescopic member 544 moves within the annular locking groove 543. The chamfering process and the tapping process can be carried out simultaneously, clamping and fixing both sides of the housing to reduce deformation of the housing during processing. The rotation directions of the first rotating head 32 and the second rotating head 35 are opposite, which can reduce the displacement of the housing during processing, improve the stability of the housing, and improve the processing efficiency of the housing. This device removes burrs from the lower end face of the housing through the combined action of the second rotating head 35, the adjusting member 53, the limiting member, and the scraper 51, effectively reducing the impact of burrs on the tapping process and improving the processing efficiency of the housing.

[0051] The implementation principle of the drilling and tapping integrated equipment for processing shell castings in this application embodiment is as follows: when processing the shell, the second clamping plate 22 fixes the shell on the worktable 11, and the first clamping plate 21 presses the upper and lower end faces of the shell together, reducing the deformation of the shell during drilling and tapping.

[0052] When drilling the housing, the first spindle 31 drives the drilling bit 33 to move downward, and the first rotating head 32 drives the drilling bit 33 to rotate and drill the housing. After drilling is completed, the first spindle 31 rises, and the first telescopic member 444 makes the first rotating plate 42 abut against the first clamping plate 21. The first rack 431 located on the first rotating head 32 drives the first gear 432 to rotate, and the first gear 432 drives the second rack 433 to move, and causes the chamfering cutter 41 to extend out of the first rotating plate 42. The first rotating plate 42 drives the chamfering cutter 41 to chamfer the hole.

[0053] When drilling is completed, the second spindle 34 drives the second rotating plate 52 to abut against the bottom of the worktable 11. The second rotating plate 52 drives the scraper 51 to rotate, and the scraper 51 scrapes off the burrs protruding from the lower end face of the housing. After scraping, under the combined action of the second telescopic member 544 and the second spindle 34, the second rotating head 35 and the second rotating plate 52 are relatively displaced. The third rack 531 in the second rotating head 35 drives the second gear 532 to rotate, the second gear 532 drives the fourth rack 533 to move, and the fourth rack 533 drives the scraper 51 to move into the second rotating plate 52. The second spindle 34 drives the tapping drill bit 36 ​​to tap the housing. This device processes the housing by using the drilling drill bit 33 and the tapping drill bit 36, which are symmetrically arranged at the top and bottom. Compared with the existing equipment that processes the housing on the same side, it effectively reduces the deformation around the housing holes during processing, effectively improves the processing quality of the housing, and simultaneously chamfers and removes burrs from the holes, effectively improving processing efficiency and reducing errors caused by secondary processing.

[0054] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A drilling and tapping integrated machine for machining shell castings, comprising a frame (1), wherein a worktable (11) is provided on the frame (1), characterized in that: The frame (1) is symmetrically and vertically arranged with drilling bits (33) and tapping bits (36). The housing is located between the drilling bits (33) and the tapping bits (36). The frame (1) is vertically arranged with a first clamping plate (21). The first clamping plate (21) is movably attached to the upper end face of the housing. The worktable (11) is movably attached to the lower end face of the housing. The frame (1) is symmetrically and vertically arranged with a first spindle (31) and a second spindle (34). The first spindle (31) and the second spindle (34) are respectively rotatably arranged with a first rotating head (32) and a second rotating head (35). The drilling bits (33) and the tapping bits (36) correspond one-to-one with the first rotating head (32) and the second rotating head (35). The frame (1) is provided with a chamfering component (4) for chamfering the holes in the housing and a scraping component (5) for removing burrs from the holes in the housing.

2. The drilling and tapping integrated equipment for machining shell castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chamfering assembly (4) includes a chamfering blade (41) symmetrically and rotatably mounted on the frame (1), a first rotating plate (42) slidably mounted on the first rotating head (32), one end of the first rotating plate (42) near the worktable (11) being movably fitted with the first clamping plate (21), the chamfering blade (41) being slidably mounted inside the first rotating plate (42), and the chamfering assembly (4) further includes a driving member (43) for driving the chamfering blade (41) to move and a limiting member for limiting the first rotating plate (42); When drilling the housing, the first rotating plate (42) does not abut against the first clamping plate (21). At this time, the chamfering cutter (41) is located inside the first rotating plate (42). When drilling is completed, the limiting member makes the first rotating plate (42) abut against the first clamping plate (21). The first rotating plate (42) and the first rotating head (32) generate relative displacement. The first rotating head (32) rises and drives the chamfering cutter (41) to extend out of the first rotating plate (42) through the driving member (43) and chamfer the housing hole.

3. The drilling and tapping integrated equipment for machining shell castings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving component (43) includes a first rack (431) disposed on the side wall of the first rotating head (32), a first gear (432) rotatably disposed inside the first rotating plate (42) and meshing with the first rack (431), a second rack (433) slidably disposed inside the first rotating plate (42) and meshing with the first gear (432), a chamfering cutter (41) disposed on the second rack (433), the moving direction of the first rack (431) is inclined to the end face of the housing, and the chamfering cutter (41) is movably fitted with the hole wall on the upper end face of the housing.

4. The drilling and tapping integrated equipment for machining shell castings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limiting component includes a limiting block (441) disposed on the first spindle (31), a limiting disk (442) fixedly connected to one end of the first rotating plate (42) away from the worktable (11), an annular limiting groove (443) that is movably fitted with the limiting block (441) is provided on the limiting disk (442), and a first telescopic component (444) is fixedly connected to the first spindle (31), the telescopic end of the first telescopic component (444) being fixedly connected to the limiting block (441).

5. The drilling and tapping integrated equipment for machining shell castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scraping assembly (5) includes a scraping blade (51) symmetrically and rotatably mounted on the frame (1), a second rotating plate (52) slidably mounted on the second rotating head (35), the second rotating plate (52) being movably attached to the bottom of the worktable (11), the scraping blade (51) being slidably mounted inside the second rotating plate (52), and the scraping assembly (5) further includes an adjusting member (53) for driving the scraping blade (51) to move and a locking member for limiting the second rotating plate (52); Before tapping the housing, the second spindle (34) makes the second rotating plate (52) abut against the worktable (11). At this time, the scraper (51) abuts against the hole wall of the housing hole. The scraper (51) scrapes off the burrs protruding from the housing hole. After scraping, the locking member causes the second rotating head (35) to move relative to the second rotating plate (52), and the adjusting member (53) drives the scraper (51) to retract into the second rotating plate (52). The second rotating head (35) drives the tapping drill bit (36) to tap the hole.

6. The drilling and tapping integrated equipment for machining shell castings according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adjusting component (53) includes a third rack (531) disposed on the side wall of the second rotating plate (52), a second gear (532) rotatably disposed inside the second rotating plate (52) and meshing with the third rack (531), a fourth rack (533) slidably disposed inside the second rotating plate (52) and meshing with the second gear (532), and a scraper (51) disposed on the fourth rack (533), and the scraper (51) is movably fitted with the hole wall on the lower end face of the housing.

7. The drilling and tapping integrated equipment for machining shell castings according to claim 5, characterized in that: The locking component includes a locking block (541) disposed on the second spindle (34), a locking disc (542) fixedly connected to one end of the second rotating plate (52) away from the worktable (11), an annular locking groove (543) being provided on the locking disc (542) and movably fitting with the locking block (541), and a second telescopic component (544) disposed on the second spindle (34), the telescopic end of the second telescopic component (544) being fixedly connected to the locking block (541).

8. The drilling and tapping integrated equipment for machining shell castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame (1) is symmetrically and slidably provided with second clamping plates (22), and the two second clamping plates (22) are respectively movably attached to the two sides of the shell.

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