Preparation method and application of organic waste fermentation inoculant

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of an organic waste fermentation inoculant, and belongs to the technical field of microorganisms. The organic waste fermentation inoculant is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 to 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 to 4 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2 to 3 parts of pseudomonas fluorescens, 4 to 6 parts of streptococcus thermophilus, 5 to 8 parts of lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus, 4 to 6 parts of nocardia albicans, 30 to 40 parts of porous activated carbon, 2 to 3 parts of beet extract, 4 to 6 parts of mannitol and 10 to 15 parts of straw waste powder. The organic waste fermentation inoculant can accelerate the degradation speed of organic matters in the composting process and shorten the fermentation time of the organic wastes, and has remarkable advantages in practical application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microbial technology, and in particular to a method for preparing an organic waste fermentation agent and its application. Background Technology

[0002] The utilization of organic waste is one of the most important issues today. Organic waste mainly includes agricultural waste (livestock manure, bird droppings, straw, etc.), industrial organic waste, and municipal organic waste. Current treatment and disposal methods for organic waste primarily include landfill, incineration, pyrolysis, and composting. However, landfill disposal requires a large amount of land and generates secondary pollutants such as leachate and odor. Incineration requires large initial investments in equipment, has high operating costs, and produces dioxins and NOx. x The emission of pollutants such as heavy metals is a significant issue. Existing pyrolysis technologies primarily target pyrolysis oil as the final product. However, pyrolysis oil has a complex composition and high acidity, requiring complex refining processes for modification and purification before use. Pyrolysis gas and residual char are often treated as byproducts and used as auxiliary fuels for heating in the pyrolysis system. These problems increase processing costs and reduce the value of the products. Composting, a harmless form of waste, can be used as organic fertilizer and soil conditioner, enabling waste reuse. However, it requires a large land area, and complete decomposition of organic matter is difficult.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of microbial technology, the technology of fermenting organic waste using fermentation agents has emerged. However, most existing fermentation agents have slow degradation rates, poor strain resistance, and the number of viable bacteria decreases too quickly during the treatment process, resulting in unsatisfactory treatment effects. How to obtain a fermentation agent with fast fermentation speed and ideal fermentation effect has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing an organic waste fermentation agent and its application, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is an organic waste fermentation agent, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-4 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2-3 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 4-6 parts of Streptococcus thermophilus, 5-8 parts of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, 4-6 parts of Nocardia white, 30-40 parts of porous activated carbon, 2-3 parts of beet extract, 4-6 parts of mannitol, and 10-15 parts of straw waste powder.

[0007] Preferably, the effective viable count of each of the following bacteria—Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, and Nocardia alba—is independently 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 ~5.0×10 9 cfu / g.

[0008] In the initial stage of fermentation, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Pseudomonas fluorescens rapidly decompose easily degradable organic matter (such as starch, sugars, and proteins) in organic waste, generating a large amount of heat and causing the pile temperature to rise rapidly. During the high-temperature stage, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus play a dominant role, decomposing recalcitrant substances such as cellulose and hemicellulose, while simultaneously killing pathogens and insect eggs in the waste. During the cooling stage, Nocardia alba converts the remaining organic matter into humus, and the fermentation products tend to stabilize. Through the synergistic effect of these microorganisms, the fermentation and decomposition of organic waste can be achieved rapidly and efficiently.

[0009] Preferably, the method for preparing the porous activated carbon includes the following steps:

[0010] (1) Crush the corn stalks to obtain corn stalk pellets;

[0011] (2) The corn stalk particles are added to a zinc chloride solution, soaked and then dried to obtain pretreated stalk particles;

[0012] (3) The pretreated straw particles are calcined under a protective atmosphere and then impregnated in hydrochloric acid solution to obtain the porous activated carbon.

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the weight ratio of the corn stalk particles to the zinc chloride solution is 1:(8~10).

[0014] The concentration of the zinc chloride solution is 25~30 wt.%;

[0015] The soaking time is 10-12 hours.

[0016] Preferably, in step (3), the calcination temperature is 650~750℃ and the time is 2.5~3.5h;

[0017] The concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 2~4 mol / L;

[0018] The soaking time is 20-30 minutes.

[0019] Preferably, the method for preparing the beet extract includes the following steps:

[0020] After drying and crushing the beet roots, they were extracted with sulfuric acid solution. The extract was filtered and the pH was adjusted to 3-6. Amylase was added for enzymatic hydrolysis. Finally, the pH of the hydrolysate was adjusted to 7-9 and allowed to stand to precipitate, thus obtaining the beet extract.

[0021] Preferably, the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 1~1.5 wt.%;

[0022] The extraction time is 10-12 hours;

[0023] The enzymatic hydrolysis is performed at a temperature of 30-35°C for 6-8 hours.

[0024] Beet extract is rich in betaine, which works synergistically with mannitol to greatly enhance the survival ability and efficiency of microorganisms under adversity, thereby improving the fermentation effect of microorganisms.

[0025] The second technical solution of the present invention: a method for preparing the above-mentioned organic waste fermentation inoculant, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Nocardia alba were added to a liquid culture medium and cultured. Then, porous activated carbon was added, and after loading and culturing, the mixture was filtered. The filter cake was then mixed evenly with beet extract and mannitol and granulated to obtain microbial composite particles.

[0027] Straw waste powder is coated on the surface of the microbial composite particles to obtain the organic waste fermentation agent.

[0028] Preferably, the temperature for the load culture is 28~32℃ and the time is 12~16h;

[0029] The particle size of the microbial composite particles is 1.5~2mm.

[0030] Porous activated carbon has a huge specific surface area and rich pore structure, which can provide physical protection for microorganisms. Its surface contains a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups, which is conducive to the initial attachment of microorganisms, improves the colonization effect of microorganisms, and thus improves the fermentation effect of microorganisms on organic waste.

[0031] Coating the surface of microorganisms with straw waste powder can protect the microorganisms while providing them with food, thereby enhancing their colonization and fermentation effects.

[0032] The third technical solution of the present invention: the application of the above-mentioned organic waste fermentation agent in organic waste composting fermentation.

[0033] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0034] The organic waste fermentation agent of the present invention can accelerate the degradation rate of organic matter during composting and shorten the fermentation time of organic waste, which has significant advantages in practical applications.

[0035] The organic waste fermentation agent of the present invention can improve the composting effect, reduce the toxicity of organic fertilizer, and enhance the growth promotion effect of compost. Detailed Implementation

[0036] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0037] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0038] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0039] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0040] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0041] It should be noted that any aspects not described in detail in this invention are conventional practices in the field and are not the focus of this invention.

[0042] I. Current Status and Hazards of Solid Waste

[0043] Solid waste is produced in large quantities and comes from a wide range of sources, and can be mainly divided into three categories: urban organic waste, agricultural organic waste, and industrial organic waste. Among the various types of solid waste pollution, rural solid waste is particularly prominent, accounting for a significant proportion of the environmental pollution load. These wastes often contain toxic and harmful components, such as organic pollutants, heavy metals, landfill leachate, odors, and pathogens. If they are haphazardly dumped or simply landfilled, they not only occupy large amounts of land but also cause serious damage to the environment.

[0044] II. Organic Waste Treatment Technologies

[0045] (1) Sanitary landfill

[0046] Currently, the most commonly used waste disposal technology is sanitary landfill, with over 80% of waste disposed of annually through this method. This is mainly due to its convenience and low cost. However, with the continuous increase in the total amount of waste, the impact of sanitary landfill is becoming increasingly prominent. It requires a large area, is difficult to select sites, and if the landfill design is substandard, it can even cause secondary pollution of the environment and water bodies. Furthermore, some recyclable energy materials are not effectively recovered, resulting in energy waste.

[0047] (2) Burning

[0048] Incineration is a widely used waste treatment technology worldwide, primarily utilizing high temperatures to completely decompose the organic components in waste into CO2 and water. It is suitable for waste with good combustibility, and incineration can reduce waste volume by 80-95%. However, incineration has high investment and operating costs, and the gases produced during incineration carry away a large amount of heat, while also generating pollution such as dioxins, resulting in more significant impacts.

[0049] (3) Pyrolysis

[0050] Under anaerobic or hypoxic conditions, combustible organic solid waste treated at high temperatures can rapidly decompose into oil, combustible gases, and solid carbon. This chemical decomposition process is called pyrolysis. It offers good energy recovery, minimal environmental pollution, and significantly reduces the risk of secondary environmental pollution. It is suitable for treating municipal waste, plastics, sludge, and industrial waste such as rubber. However, the complexity of pyrolysis technology and the huge investment required are the main factors limiting its widespread adoption.

[0051] (4) Anaerobic fermentation

[0052] Anaerobic fermentation is a biological process that utilizes anaerobic microorganisms to metabolize solid waste and generate methane, hydrogen, and other gases in the absence of oxygen. Anaerobic fermentation can effectively transform organic waste such as municipal solid waste and sludge into valuable resources, converting them into energy substances like methane and hydrogen. However, anaerobic fermentation systems require relatively stable conditions to ensure the normal operation of the fermentation process.

[0053] (5) Compost

[0054] Composting refers to the process of degrading organic matter in solid waste through microbial metabolism under suitable temperature and humidity conditions, while simultaneously utilizing the spontaneous heat generation during the composting process to render the compost products harmless. The composting process is simple and easy to operate, suitable for wastes with high organic matter content such as municipal solid waste, excrement, and agricultural waste. The harmless products of composting can be used as organic fertilizer and soil conditioner, enabling the reuse of waste. However, it requires a large area and complete decomposition of organic matter is difficult. Furthermore, how to effectively retain large amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the compost products and how to improve the fertilizer efficiency of the compost products are also issues that need to be considered. Among these commonly used treatment technologies, aerobic composting and anaerobic fermentation are increasingly being applied to the treatment of organic waste. These two technologies enable waste to be converted into energy and reusable resources under the action of microorganisms. Recent research has focused on how to improve the efficiency of these two biological treatment technologies. Considering the differences in the characteristics of different organic wastes, the corresponding treatment methods naturally differ. For example, sludge treatment, due to its significant energy recovery potential and its low C / N ratio, is often used for mixed fermentation of various organic wastes; therefore, anaerobic fermentation is considered the optimal method for sludge energy recovery. For feces, the recovery of abundant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is of greater concern, and aerobic composting is the best technology for nutrient recovery. Furthermore, the emergence of ecological toilets has expanded the application of aerobic composting in fecal treatment and the resource utilization of compost products. Choosing the most suitable and effective treatment method for waste is a crucial consideration for energy recovery and resource utilization.

[0055] While the methods mentioned above can utilize organic waste to some extent, sanitary landfill poses the greatest environmental risk and requires the acquisition of large amounts of land; incineration has good volume reduction effects but high requirements for atmospheric environment and equipment; pyrolysis, although producing controllable products, has high technical barriers; anaerobic fermentation has good resource utilization effects (producing biogas), but has a long cycle and is difficult to control; composting is suitable for treating agricultural waste and kitchen waste, but it is prone to producing odors and the product quality is difficult to control. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new methods for treating organic waste.

[0056] In the specific embodiments of this invention, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Nocardia white, Bacillus vesalis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were all purchased from the China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center.

[0057] Among them, the product numbers are as follows: Bacillus subtilis: CICC 10732, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: CICC10035, Pseudomonas fluorescens: CICC 20225, Streptococcus thermophilus: CICC 20370, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus: CICC 20254, Nocardia alba: CICC 11035, Bacillus vesiliflorus: CICC 20025, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae: CICC 1406.

[0058] The preparation methods of Bacillus subtilis powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Pseudomonas fluorescens powder, Streptococcus thermophilus powder, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus powder, Nocardia white powder, Bacillus vesalis powder, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder used in specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0059] Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Nocardia white, Bacillus belye, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were respectively inoculated into the culture medium recommended by the China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center or commonly used culture media in this field for activation and fermentation. After filtration through 8 layers of gauze, the culture was spray-dried to obtain an effective viable count of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 ~5.0×10 9 CFU / g of Bacillus subtilis powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Pseudomonas fluorescens powder, Streptococcus thermophilus powder, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus powder, Nocardia white powder, Bacillus vesalis powder, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder.

[0060] The amylase used in the specific embodiments of the present invention is commercially available, with an enzyme activity of 300,000 U / g.

[0061] In the following examples, "parts" refers to "parts by weight".

[0062] Example 1

[0063] A method for preparing an organic waste fermentation inoculant:

[0064] (1) Organic waste fermentation agent, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis powder, 4 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, 2 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens powder, 5 parts of Streptococcus thermophilus powder, 7 parts of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus powder, 6 parts of Nocardia white powder, 35 parts of porous activated carbon, 2.5 parts of beet extract, 6 parts of mannitol and 12 parts of straw waste powder.

[0065] The effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis powder was 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9The effective viable count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 5.0 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 The effective viable count of *Pseudomonas fluorescens* powder (cfu / g) is 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 The effective viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus powder is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 The effective viable count of *Lactobacillus delbrueckii* subsp. bulgaricus powder is 3.0 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 The effective viable count of CFU / g and Nocardia white bacterial powder is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 cfu / g.

[0066] (2) Preparation of porous activated carbon:

[0067] Corn stalks were crushed to 60 mesh to obtain corn stalk granules; 1 part zinc chloride was dissolved in 3 parts deionized water, and then 0.14 parts concentrated hydrochloric acid was slowly added dropwise. The mixture was then magnetically stirred for 20 minutes to obtain a zinc chloride solution with a concentration of 25 wt%.

[0068] Corn stalk pellets were added to a zinc chloride solution (the weight ratio of corn stalk pellets to zinc chloride solution was 1:10), soaked at room temperature (25℃) for 12 hours, and then dried to obtain pretreated stalk pellets.

[0069] The pretreated straw particles were calcined under a nitrogen atmosphere (700℃ for 3 hours), then immersed in a 3 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 30 minutes, and finally washed with deionized water until neutral to obtain porous activated carbon.

[0070] (3) Preparation of beet extract:

[0071] Beetroot is dried at a low temperature (40℃) and then pulverized to 100 mesh to obtain beetroot powder;

[0072] Beetroot powder was added to a 1.2 wt.% sulfuric acid solution (the ratio of beetroot powder to sulfuric acid solution was 1 g: 10 mL) and extracted at room temperature (25℃) for 12 h. After filtration, the extract was collected, the pH was adjusted to 5, and amylase (the amount of amylase added was 1.5% of the weight of the extract) was added for enzymatic hydrolysis (the hydrolysis temperature was 32℃ and the time was 8 h). Finally, the pH of the hydrolysate was adjusted to 8, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 12 h to precipitate. The precipitate was then dried to obtain beet extract.

[0073] (4) Preparation of organic waste fermentation inoculant:

[0074] Bacillus subtilis powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Pseudomonas fluorescens powder, Streptococcus thermophilus powder, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus powder, and Nocardia white powder were added to LB liquid medium and cultured (at 28℃ for 12 h at 150 r / min) to obtain a compound bacterial solution; wherein the total weight of Bacillus subtilis powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Pseudomonas fluorescens powder, Streptococcus thermophilus powder, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus powder, and Nocardia white powder and the volume ratio of LB liquid medium were 1 g: 50 mL;

[0075] Porous activated carbon was added to the composite bacterial solution, and the mixture was loaded and cultured (at a temperature of 32℃ for 16 hours and a rotation speed of 50 r / min). After filtration, the filter cake was collected, dried, and the microbial complex was obtained.

[0076] The microbial complex was mixed evenly with beet extract and mannitol, and then granulated by spraying with a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 1.5 wt.%. The mixture was dried at low temperature (35°C) to obtain microbial complex particles with a particle size of 1.5 mm.

[0077] A 1 wt.% guar gum aqueous solution was sprayed onto the surface of the microbial composite particles, and straw waste powder (wheat straw powder with a particle size of 100 mesh) was added to coat the surface of the microbial composite particles. The particles were then dried at a low temperature (35°C) to obtain an organic waste fermentation agent.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] A method for preparing an organic waste fermentation inoculant:

[0080] (1) Organic waste fermentation agent, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of Bacillus subtilis powder, 2 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, 2 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens powder, 6 parts of Streptococcus thermophilus powder, 5 parts of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus powder, 5 parts of Nocardia white powder, 30 parts of porous activated carbon, 2 parts of beet extract, 6 parts of mannitol and 15 parts of straw waste powder.

[0081] The effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis powder was 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 The effective viable count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 5.0 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 The effective viable count of *Pseudomonas fluorescens* powder (cfu / g) is 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 The effective viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus powder is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 The effective viable count of *Lactobacillus delbrueckii* subsp. bulgaricus powder is 3.0 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 The effective viable count of CFU / g and Nocardia white bacterial powder is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶.9 cfu / g.

[0082] (2) Preparation of porous activated carbon:

[0083] Corn stalks were crushed to 60 mesh to obtain corn stalk granules; 1 part zinc chloride was dissolved in 3 parts deionized water, and then 0.14 parts concentrated hydrochloric acid was slowly added dropwise. The mixture was then magnetically stirred for 20 minutes to obtain a zinc chloride solution with a concentration of 25 wt%.

[0084] Corn stalk pellets were added to a zinc chloride solution (the weight ratio of corn stalk pellets to zinc chloride solution was 1:8), soaked at room temperature (25℃) for 12 hours, and then dried to obtain pretreated stalk pellets.

[0085] The pretreated straw particles were calcined under a nitrogen atmosphere (at a temperature of 650℃ for 2.5 h), then immersed in a 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 25 min, and finally washed with deionized water until neutral to obtain porous activated carbon.

[0086] (3) Preparation of beet extract:

[0087] Beetroot is dried at a low temperature (40℃) and then pulverized to 100 mesh to obtain beetroot powder;

[0088] Beetroot powder was added to a 1.5 wt.% sulfuric acid solution (the ratio of beetroot powder to sulfuric acid solution was 1 g: 10 mL) and extracted at room temperature (25℃) for 10 h. After filtration, the extract was collected, the pH was adjusted to 6, and amylase (the amount of amylase added was 1.5% of the weight of the extract) was added for enzymatic hydrolysis (the hydrolysis temperature was 35℃ and the time was 6 h). Finally, the pH of the hydrolysate was adjusted to 9, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 12 h to precipitate. The precipitate was then dried to obtain beet extract.

[0089] (4) Preparation of organic waste fermentation inoculant:

[0090] Bacillus subtilis powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Pseudomonas fluorescens powder, Streptococcus thermophilus powder, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus powder, and Nocardia white powder were added to LB liquid medium and cultured (at 28℃ for 12 h at 150 r / min) to obtain a compound bacterial solution; wherein the total weight of Bacillus subtilis powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Pseudomonas fluorescens powder, Streptococcus thermophilus powder, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus powder, and Nocardia white powder and the volume ratio of LB liquid medium were 1 g: 50 mL;

[0091] Porous activated carbon was added to the composite bacterial solution, and the mixture was loaded and cultured (at 30℃ for 12 hours and at 50 r / min). After filtration, the filter cake was collected, dried, and the microbial complex was obtained.

[0092] The microbial complex was mixed evenly with beet extract and mannitol, and then granulated by spraying with a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 1.5 wt.%. The mixture was dried at low temperature (35°C) to obtain microbial complex particles with a particle size of 2 mm.

[0093] A 1 wt.% guar gum aqueous solution was sprayed onto the surface of the microbial composite particles, and straw waste powder (wheat straw powder with a particle size of 100 mesh) was added to coat the surface of the microbial composite particles. The particles were then dried at a low temperature (35°C) to obtain an organic waste fermentation agent.

[0094] Example 3

[0095] A method for preparing an organic waste fermentation inoculant:

[0096] (1) Organic waste fermentation agent, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis powder, 3 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, 3 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens powder, 4 parts of Streptococcus thermophilus powder, 8 parts of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus powder, 6 parts of Nocardia white powder, 40 parts of porous activated carbon, 3 parts of beet extract, 4 parts of mannitol and 10 parts of straw waste powder.

[0097] The effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis powder was 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 The effective viable count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 5.0 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 The effective viable count of *Pseudomonas fluorescens* powder (cfu / g) is 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 The effective viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus powder is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 The effective viable count of *Lactobacillus delbrueckii* subsp. bulgaricus powder is 3.0 × 10⁻⁶ cfu / g. 8 The effective viable count of CFU / g and Nocardia white bacterial powder is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 cfu / g.

[0098] (2) Preparation of porous activated carbon:

[0099] Corn stalks were crushed to 60 mesh to obtain corn stalk granules; 1 part of zinc chloride was dissolved in 3 parts of deionized water, and then 0.14 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid were slowly added dropwise while magnetic stirring was continued for 20 minutes to obtain a zinc chloride solution with a concentration of 25 wt.%.

[0100] Corn stalk pellets were added to a zinc chloride solution (the weight ratio of corn stalk pellets to zinc chloride solution was 1:10), soaked at room temperature (25℃) for 10 hours, and then dried to obtain pretreated stalk pellets.

[0101] The pretreated straw particles were calcined under a nitrogen atmosphere (750℃ for 3.5h), then immersed in a 4mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 20min, and finally washed with deionized water until neutral to obtain porous activated carbon.

[0102] (3) Preparation of beet extract:

[0103] Beetroot is dried at a low temperature (40℃) and then pulverized to 100 mesh to obtain beetroot powder;

[0104] Beetroot powder was added to a 1 wt.% sulfuric acid solution (the ratio of beetroot powder to sulfuric acid solution was 1 g: 10 mL) and extracted at room temperature (25℃) for 12 h. After filtration, the extract was collected, the pH was adjusted to 3, and amylase (the amount of amylase added was 1.5% of the weight of the extract) was added for enzymatic hydrolysis (the hydrolysis temperature was 30℃ and the time was 8 h). Finally, the pH of the hydrolysate was adjusted to 7, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 12 h to precipitate. The precipitate was then dried to obtain beetroot extract.

[0105] (4) Preparation of organic waste fermentation inoculant:

[0106] Bacillus subtilis powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Pseudomonas fluorescens powder, Streptococcus thermophilus powder, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus powder, and Nocardia white powder were added to LB liquid medium and cultured (at 28℃ for 12 h at 150 r / min) to obtain a compound bacterial solution; wherein the total weight of Bacillus subtilis powder, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder, Pseudomonas fluorescens powder, Streptococcus thermophilus powder, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus powder, and Nocardia white powder and the volume ratio of LB liquid medium were 1 g: 50 mL;

[0107] Porous activated carbon was added to the composite bacterial solution, and the mixture was loaded and cultured (at a temperature of 28℃ for 12 hours and a rotation speed of 50 r / min). After filtration, the filter cake was collected, dried, and the microbial complex was obtained.

[0108] The microbial complex was mixed evenly with beet extract and mannitol, and then granulated by spraying with a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 1.5 wt.%. The mixture was dried at low temperature (35°C) to obtain microbial complex particles with a particle size of 2 mm.

[0109] A 1 wt.% guar gum aqueous solution was sprayed onto the surface of the microbial composite particles, and straw waste powder (wheat straw powder with a particle size of 100 mesh) was added to coat the surface of the microbial composite particles. The particles were then dried at a low temperature (35°C) to obtain an organic waste fermentation agent.

[0110] Comparative Example 1

[0111] Same as Example 1, except that the organic waste fermentation agent does not contain Bacillus subtilis powder and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder.

[0112] Comparative Example 2

[0113] Same as Example 1, except that the organic waste fermentation agent does not contain Streptococcus thermophilus powder and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus powder.

[0114] Comparative Example 3

[0115] Same as Example 1, except that the Bacillus subtilis powder in the organic waste fermentation agent is replaced with an equal weight proportion of Bacillus vesiculosus powder (effective viable count of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶). 9 (cfu / g); replace the Streptococcus thermophilus powder with an equal weight proportion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder (effective viable count of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶). 9 cfu / g).

[0116] Comparative Example 4

[0117] Same as Example 1, except that the organic waste fermentation agent does not contain beet extract and mannitol.

[0118] Comparative Example 5

[0119] Same as Example 1, except that the beet extract was replaced with an equal weight of oat flour (200 mesh).

[0120] Comparative Example 6

[0121] Same as Example 1, except that the raw material for preparing porous activated carbon is wheat straw.

[0122] Example 1

[0123] Wheat straw was crushed and mixed with cow dung at a 1:1 weight ratio. The organic waste fermentation inoculant prepared in the examples or comparative examples was added, with an inoculation amount of 0.1% of the total weight of the wheat straw and cow dung. After thorough mixing, the moisture content was adjusted to 55%, and the mixture was piled into a volume of approximately 2 m³. 3 The cone-shaped composting was carried out using static composting, with oxygen supply mainly consisting of a combination of turning and natural ventilation. During the fermentation process, the compost was turned every 3 days, but forced turning was required when the temperature was above 65℃. The compost was fermented (at an ambient temperature of 20~30℃) until it was fully decomposed. The treatment without adding organic waste fermentation agents served as a control group.

[0124] The compost temperature is measured every day at 4:00 PM using a digital thermometer. The results showed that the organic waste fermentation inoculants prepared in Examples 1-3 reached their highest temperatures on the second day of composting fermentation, at 73.1℃, 71.8℃, and 72.5℃, respectively; the organic waste fermentation inoculant in Comparative Example 1 reached its highest temperature on the sixth day of composting fermentation, at 68.9℃; the organic waste fermentation inoculant in Comparative Example 2 reached its highest temperature on the seventh day of composting fermentation, at 67.5℃; the organic waste fermentation inoculant in Comparative Example 3 reached its highest temperature on the fifth day of composting fermentation, at 69.3℃; the organic waste fermentation inoculant in Comparative Example 4 reached its highest temperature on the eighth day of composting fermentation, at 67.9℃; the organic waste fermentation inoculant in Comparative Example 5 reached its highest temperature on the fourth day of composting fermentation, at 69.8℃; the organic waste fermentation inoculant in Comparative Example 6 reached its highest temperature on the fifth day of composting fermentation, at 66.2℃; and the control group reached its highest temperature on the eighteenth day of composting fermentation, at 65.2℃.

[0125] The composting temperature of the organic waste fermentation agents prepared in Examples 1-3 returned to ambient temperature on day 14; the composting temperature of the organic waste fermentation agent of Comparative Example 1 returned to ambient temperature on day 20; the composting temperature of the organic waste fermentation agent of Comparative Example 2 returned to ambient temperature on day 21; the composting temperature of the organic waste fermentation agent of Comparative Example 3 returned to ambient temperature on day 17; the composting temperature of the organic waste fermentation agent of Comparative Example 4 returned to ambient temperature on day 18; the composting temperature of the organic waste fermentation agent of Comparative Example 5 returned to ambient temperature on day 16; the composting temperature of the organic waste fermentation agent of Comparative Example 6 returned to ambient temperature on day 19; and the composting temperature of the control group returned to ambient temperature on day 60.

[0126] When the composting temperature returns to ambient temperature, the composting process is complete. At this point, approximately 200 grams of sample are collected at a time using the "five-point sampling method". The content of fulvic acid (HA) is determined according to GB / T 34765-2024, and the content of fulvic acid (FA) is determined according to NY-T 1867-2010. The ratio of HA to FA is calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0127] Table 1. Ratio of HA to FA

[0128] Grouping HA content (g / kg) / FA content (g / kg) Example 1 3.22 Example 2 3.05 Example 3 3.16 Comparative Example 1 2.52 Comparative Example 2 2.43 Comparative Example 3 2.81 Comparative Example 4 2.75 Comparative Example 5 2.87 Comparative Example 6 2.61 control group 1.75

[0129] The composting process ends when the temperature returns to ambient temperature. At this point, approximately 200 grams of sample are collected at a time using the "five-point sampling method". The compost is extracted with water (1:10, w / v) to prepare the extract. The extract is centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 min. Then, 5 mL of the supernatant is evenly injected into a petri dish lined with filter paper and on which 10 cucumber seeds are evenly placed. The dish is then incubated at 25°C in the dark for 48 h. The germination rate of the seeds is counted and the root length of the germinated seeds is measured. Distilled water is used as a blank control. The experiment is repeated 3 times. The seed germination index (GI) is calculated using the following formula.

[0130] The formula for calculating GI is: GI (%) = (A1 × A2) / (B1 × B2) × 100%.

[0131] Where A1 and B1 represent the number of germinated seeds in the extract-treated and control culture dishes, respectively, and A2 and B2 represent the average root length in the extract-treated and control culture dishes, respectively.

[0132] Table 2 Seed Germination Index (GI)

[0133] Grouping Seed germination index (GI) Example 1 82.3 Example 2 80.2 Example 3 81.1 Comparative Example 1 68.7 Comparative Example 2 67.2 Comparative Example 3 73.6 Comparative Example 4 70.2 Comparative Example 5 75.4 Comparative Example 6 69.7 control group 62.3

[0134] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic waste fermentation agent, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 1-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-4 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2-3 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 4-6 parts of Streptococcus thermophilus, 5-8 parts of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, 4-6 parts of Nocardia white, 30-40 parts of porous activated carbon, 2-3 parts of beet extract, 4-6 parts of mannitol, and 10-15 parts of straw waste powder.

2. The organic waste fermentation agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The effective viable counts of *Bacillus subtilis*, *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens*, *Pseudomonas fluorescens*, *Streptococcus thermophilus*, *Lactobacillus delbrueckii* subsp. bulgaricus*, and *Nocardia alba* were each independently 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 ~5.0×10 9 cfu / g.

3. The organic waste fermentation agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the porous activated carbon includes the following steps: (1) Crush the corn stalks to obtain corn stalk pellets; (2) The corn stalk particles are added to a zinc chloride solution, soaked and then dried to obtain pretreated stalk particles; (3) The pretreated straw particles are calcined under a protective atmosphere and then impregnated in hydrochloric acid solution to obtain the porous activated carbon.

4. The organic waste fermentation agent according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (2), the weight ratio of the corn stalk particles to the zinc chloride solution is 1:(8~10). And / or, the concentration of the zinc chloride solution is 25~30 wt.%; And / or, the impregnation time is 10-12 hours.

5. The organic waste fermentation agent according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (3), the calcination temperature is 650~750℃ and the time is 2.5~3.5h; And / or, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 2~4 mol / L; And / or, the immersion time is 20-30 minutes.

6. The organic waste fermentation agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the beet extract includes the following steps: After drying and crushing the beet roots, they were extracted with sulfuric acid solution. The extract was filtered and the pH was adjusted to 3-6. Amylase was added for enzymatic hydrolysis. Finally, the pH of the hydrolysate was adjusted to 7-9 and allowed to stand to precipitate, thus obtaining the beet extract.

7. The organic waste fermentation agent according to claim 6, characterized in that, The concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 1~1.5 wt.%; And / or, the extraction time is 10-12 hours; And / or, the enzymatic hydrolysis is performed at a temperature of 30-35°C for 6-8 hours.

8. A method for preparing the organic waste fermentation inoculant according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Nocardia alba were added to a liquid culture medium and cultured. Then, porous activated carbon was added, and after loading and culturing, the mixture was filtered. The filter cake was then mixed evenly with beet extract and mannitol and granulated to obtain microbial composite particles. Straw waste powder is coated on the surface of the microbial composite particles to obtain the organic waste fermentation agent.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The load culture was carried out at a temperature of 28-32℃ for 12-16 hours. And / or, the particle size of the microbial composite particles is 1.5~2mm.

10. The application of the organic waste fermentation agent according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in organic waste composting fermentation.