Photo-thermal multi-source energy storage heat station

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar photo-thermal energy storage technology and application, in particular to a photo-thermal multi-source energy storage heat station. In order to fully utilize solar energy and conveniently meet production energy consumption, the invention provides a photo-thermal multi-source energy storage heat station which comprises a photo-thermal system, an energy storage device, a heat supply component and a user system, the photo-thermal system is composed of a solar heat collection device, a heat transfer working medium pipeline component and a heat transfer working medium power and / or control component, the energy storage device is a layered energy storage device; the user system comprises gas heating, thermodynamic cycle, hot water or steam production, medium heating and the like; the photo-thermal multi-source energy storage heat station has the beneficial effects that the solar photo-thermal utilization potential is excavated, an electric heating device and / or a combustion type enthalpy change heating device can be additionally arranged to serve as a supplementary heat source, the photo-thermal system technology is mature, the selection range of heat storage materials of an energy storage device is wide, the layered energy storage and layered energy release technology is adopted, and therefore the device is compact in structure and convenient to use. The heat supply component supplies heat through heat exchange, and the user system is widely applied; the photo-thermal multi-source energy storage heat station can serve as a heat energy production and supply scheme with a scene rich in solar energy resources, and the heat energy production and supply scheme comprises but not limited to mining sites, oil field exploitation and transportation, remote buildings, thickened oil heating, production process heat consumption, agriculture and animal husbandry production and other heat energy supply schemes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to solar thermal energy storage technology and applications, and particularly to a multi-source solar thermal energy storage station. Background Technology

[0002] Solar energy is a sustainable and clean external energy source for Earth, and also the most promising new energy source. Modern active utilization of solar energy mainly focuses on solar thermal energy and solar photovoltaic power generation. However, due to the Earth's rotation and climate factors, ground-based solar energy utilization has its own characteristics, often limited to passive use and unable to fully correspond to and match production and daily life needs within a fixed time zone. This has spurred the rapid development of photovoltaic energy storage and solar thermal energy storage technologies. Solar thermal energy storage can provide energy for thermal power generation and also directly supply heat through heat exchange, making it more adaptable to meeting thermal energy demands. This invention provides a solar thermal multi-source energy storage station, aiming to construct solar thermal energy storage and continuously or on-demand release of energy and heat to meet the operational needs of thermal energy user systems. This invention provides a solar thermal multi-source energy storage station, including a heating system... The system comprises a solar thermal multi-source energy storage device, a heating component, and a user system. The heat source is solar energy, and electric heating devices and / or combustion-type enthalpy-changing heating devices can be added. The energy storage device stores thermal energy, which is then released to the user system through the heating component or its cascaded heat exchangers. The user system includes a hot air system, a hot water system, a steam system, and an enthalpy-increasing system for heating the medium to meet the needs of the production process. The beneficial effect of a solar thermal multi-source energy storage station is that it fully utilizes solar thermal resources, uses solar thermal energy storage, or adds auxiliary heat sources to meet the heat demand for production and daily life through energy storage heating technology. A solar thermal multi-source energy storage station provides a green zero-carbon or low-carbon heating technology and energy pathway for scenarios with abundant solar energy resources, and can be implemented as a green energy project for energy conservation, environmental protection, emission reduction, and carbon reduction for enterprises with continuous heat consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a solar thermal multi-source energy storage heat station, comprising a heating system, an energy storage device, heating components, and a user system, characterized in that:

[0004] The heating system includes a heating device, a heat transfer medium pipeline component, and a heating system unit MU41 consisting of a heat transfer medium power and / or control component on the heating system medium pipeline. The heating device includes a solar collector H0.

[0005] The energy storage device includes a heat storage container 1, a heat storage material 2, a heat transfer medium 3, a heating system cold flow pipe 41, and a heating system hot flow pipe 51. The heat storage container 1 contains the heat storage material 2 and the heat transfer medium 3. The heat transfer medium 3 is a fluid, and the heat storage material 2 is a solid, an encapsulated body, or a liquid similar to the heat transfer medium 3. The heating system cold flow pipe 41 is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container 1 or the bottom fluid cavity or the bottom fluid distributor, and its outer end is connected to the heat transfer medium pipe input end of the heating system. The heating system hot flow pipe 51 is connected to the upper part of the heat storage container 1 or the upper fluid cavity or the upper fluid distributor, and its outer end is connected to the heat transfer medium pipe output end of the heating system.

[0006] The heating component is a homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger heating component and / or a secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger heating component.

[0007] The heating components of the homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger include a heating system cold flow pipe 42, a heating system hot flow pipe 52, and an external heat exchanger E10. The heating system cold flow pipe 42 is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container 1 or the bottom fluid cavity or the bottom fluid distributor. The heating system hot flow pipe 52 is connected to the upper part of the heat storage container 1 or the upper fluid cavity or the upper fluid distributor. The primary side of the external heat exchanger is connected to the heating system hot flow pipe 52 and the heating system cold flow pipe 42. The heating system working fluid pipe may have a heating system unit MU52 composed of heat transfer working fluid power and / or control components. The secondary side of the external heat exchanger E10 is connected to the user system's heat-receiving working fluid pipeline or a cascaded heat exchanger.

[0008] The secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger heating component includes an immersion heat exchanger 10, which is placed in the upper or middle-upper fluid cavity of the heat storage container 1. The secondary side tube of the immersion heat exchanger 10 is connected to the user system's heating medium pipeline or a cascaded heat exchanger.

[0009] The user system is a heated fluid system that needs to absorb heat and is connected to the secondary side of the heat exchanger of the heating component or the secondary side of its cascaded heat exchangers, including but not limited to hot water system AW, hot gas system A0, heating system A1, steam system A2, and enthalpy-increasing system A3; the heat exchanger of the heating component includes an external heat exchanger E10 and / or an immersion heat exchanger 10.

[0010] The preferred technology is characterized in that: the solid heat storage material 2 comprises one or more of a metal-based heat storage element and / or a metal ore and / or a non-metal ore and / or magnesium oxide granules, iron oxide granules, iron tetroxide granules, and silicon dioxide granules and / or metallurgical slag granules, metal granules, silica granules, rock granules, and gravel; the heat storage material 2 encapsulation body is a heat storage element encapsulating the heat storage material within a physicochemically stable solid shell; the heat storage material 2 is a liquid identical to the heat transfer medium 3, including molten salt; the heat transfer medium 3 is a fluid, including air, nitrogen, clean flue gas, water and / or water vapor, solution, molten salt, heat transfer oil, and physicochemically stable fluids.

[0011] The preferred technology is characterized by: including an injection / discharge pipe 8 and an overflow device 9, wherein the injection / discharge pipe 8 is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container 1, the suction port of the injection / discharge pipe 8 is close to the bottom wall and is below the horizontal plane of the heat transfer medium 3 inlet and outlet of the heating system cold flow pipe and / or the bottom fluid distributor; the overflow device 9 is installed on the upper part of the heat storage container 1, the overflow port is level with the upper limit of the working medium liquid level of the heat storage container 1, and the overflow pipe outlet extends out of the heat storage container 1.

[0012] The preferred technology is characterized by: including a working fluid injection and discharge system, which includes a heat transfer working fluid tank, an injection and discharge unit, a channel connecting the upper part of the heat transfer working fluid tank to the atmospheric environment, a pipeline of the injection and discharge unit connected to the lower part of the heat transfer working fluid tank, an injection and discharge pipeline 8 connected to the injection and discharge unit, and an overflow device 9 whose overflow pipe outlet is connected to the top of the heat transfer working fluid tank; the injection and discharge unit consists of pumps, valves, pipelines, and control components, and the unit can be selected to inject heat transfer working fluid 3 from the heat transfer working fluid tank into the heat storage container 1 or to discharge heat transfer working fluid 3 from the heat storage container 1 into the heat transfer working fluid tank.

[0013] The preferred technology is characterized in that: a medium-temperature heating component is provided in the middle or lower part of the heat storage container 1, wherein the medium-temperature heating component is a medium-temperature heating component of a homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger and / or a medium-temperature heating component of a secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger.

[0014] The homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger medium-temperature heating component includes a heating system medium-temperature cold flow pipe 421, a heating system medium-temperature hot flow pipe 521, and an external medium-temperature heat exchanger E11. The heating system medium-temperature cold flow pipe 421 is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container 1 or the bottom fluid cavity or the bottom fluid distributor. The heating system medium-temperature hot flow pipe 521 is connected to the middle or lower part of the heat storage container 1 or the fluid cavity or the fluid distributor at that position. The primary side of the external medium-temperature heat exchanger is connected to the heating system medium-temperature hot flow pipe 521 and the heating system medium-temperature cold flow pipe 421. The heating system medium-temperature working fluid pipe may have a heating system medium-temperature unit MU521 composed of heat transfer working fluid power and / or control components. The secondary side of the external medium-temperature heat exchanger E11 is connected to the user system's heat-receiving working fluid pipeline or a cascaded heat exchanger.

[0015] The secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger medium temperature heating component includes an immersion medium temperature heat exchanger 11, which is placed in the middle or lower part of the heat storage container 1 or in the fluid cavity at that position. The secondary side tube of the immersion medium temperature heat exchanger 11 is connected to the user system's heating working fluid pipeline or cascade heat exchanger.

[0016] The user system includes, but is not limited to, hot water system AW, heating system A1, and enthalpy-increasing system A3. The heating medium pipeline of the user system is connected to the secondary side of external medium-temperature heat exchanger E11 and / or immersion medium-temperature heat exchanger 11, or the secondary side of the secondary side cascaded heat exchanger.

[0017] The preferred technology is characterized in that: the solar thermal collector H0 includes, but is not limited to, tower-type, trough-type, vacuum tube-type, or flat-plate type solar thermal collectors; the heating device further includes an electric heating device H1 and / or a combustion-type enthalpy change heating device H3, wherein the electric heating device H1 includes a high-voltage electric heating device or a high-voltage electric heating unit, and the combustion-type enthalpy change heating device H3 includes a natural gas boiler, a coal gas boiler, a chemical reactor, a waste gas combustion furnace, or a solid / waste combustion furnace.

[0018] The preferred technology is characterized in that: the hot water system AW includes a water source pipe and a hot water pipe. The water source pipe is connected to the secondary side input end of the heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascaded heat exchanger, and the output end is connected to the hot water pipe. On the water source pipe and / or the hot water pipe, there may be a water supply unit MUAW consisting of water flow pipes and accessories and water flow power and / or control components. Water flows from the water source pipe through the secondary side of the heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascaded heat exchanger and undergoes heat exchange before being transported to the hot water pipe.

[0019] The hot gas system A0 includes a gas source pipeline and a hot gas pipeline. The gas source pipeline is connected to the secondary side input end of the heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascaded heat exchanger, and the output end is connected to the hot gas pipeline. There may be a gas supply unit MUA0 on the gas source pipeline and / or the hot gas pipeline, which is composed of air flow pipeline and accessories and air flow power and / or control components. The heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascaded heat exchanger adopts a liquid-gas heat exchanger.

[0020] The heating system A1 includes a return pipe and a heating pipe. The return pipe is connected to the secondary input end of the heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascade heat exchanger, and the output end is connected to the heating pipe. On the return pipe and / or the heating pipe, there may be a heating unit MUA1 consisting of a working fluid pipe and accessories and working fluid power and / or control components. The heat exchanger of the heating component is a partition heat exchanger, and its cascade heat exchangers are partition heat exchangers or mixed flow heat exchangers.

[0021] The steam system A2 includes a water source pipeline and a steam pipeline. The water source pipeline is connected to the secondary side input end of the heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascaded heat exchanger, and the output end is connected to the steam pipeline. There may be a water press unit MUA2 on the water source pipeline and / or steam pipeline, which consists of fluid pipelines and accessories and fluid power and / or control components. The heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascaded heat exchanger is a steam generator.

[0022] The enthalpy-increasing system A3 includes a heated medium flow and its container or pipe components. The heated medium flow is connected to the secondary side of the heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascaded heat exchanger through the pipe components, or to a medium unit MUA3 composed of medium flow power and / or control components. It also includes the primary side of the heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascaded heat exchanger heating the heated medium through radiation heating or a mixture of radiation and conduction.

[0023] The heat exchanger of the heating component includes an external heat exchanger E10 and / or an immersion heat exchanger 10, and also includes an external medium-temperature heat exchanger E11 and / or an immersion medium-temperature heat exchanger 11.

[0024] The solar thermal multi-source energy storage station provided by this invention has the following advantages: it taps into the potential of solar thermal utilization; it can be equipped with electric heating devices and / or combustion-type enthalpy-changing heating devices as supplementary heat sources; the solar thermal system technology is mature; the energy storage device has a wide range of heat storage materials; the use of layered energy storage and layered energy release technology makes the device structure compact; the heating components provide heat exchange; and the user system has wide application. It can serve as a heat energy production and supply solution in scenarios with abundant solar energy resources, including but not limited to mining sites, oilfield production and transportation, remote buildings, heavy oil heating, heat for production processes, and heat supply solutions for agricultural and livestock production. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a solar thermal multi-source energy storage steam station.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a solar thermal multi-source energy storage heat station / heat station.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a solar thermal multi-source energy storage heat station injection and discharge system;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-source solar thermal energy storage station with multiple heat sources.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an enthalpy-increasing and hot water station for a multi-source solar thermal energy storage station;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an enthalpy-increasing and heating station for a multi-source solar thermal energy storage station.

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0032] H0. Solar thermal collector, H1. Electric heating device, H3. Combustion-type enthalpy-change heating device.

[0033] 1. Thermal storage container, 2. Thermal storage material, 3. Heat transfer medium

[0034] 41. Heating system cold flow pipe, 51. Heating system hot flow pipe, MU41. Heating system unit.

[0035] 42. Cold flow pipes in the heating system; 52. Hot flow pipes in the heating system; MU52. Heating unit.

[0036] 8. Injection and drainage pipes; 9. Overflow device;

[0037] E10. External heat exchanger; 10. Immersion heat exchanger.

[0038] 421. Medium-temperature cold flow pipe in heating system; 521. Medium-temperature hot flow pipe in heating system; MU521. Medium-temperature unit in heating system.

[0039] E11. External medium-temperature heat exchanger; 11. Immersion medium-temperature heat exchanger.

[0040] AW. Hot water system, MUAW. Water supply unit, A0. Hot air system, MUA0. Gas supply unit.

[0041] A1. Heating system, MUA1. Heating unit, A2. Steam system, MUA2. Water pump unit.

[0042] A3. Enthalpy enhancement system; MUA3. Medium unit. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Example 1: A solar thermal multi-source energy storage steam station, such as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0045] This embodiment includes a heating system, an energy storage device, a heating component, and a user system. The heating system includes a heating unit MU41 consisting of a solar collector H0, a heat transfer medium pipeline component, and a heat transfer medium power and / or control component. An electric heating device H1 and / or a combustion-type enthalpy change heating device H3 may be added.

[0046] The energy storage device includes a heat storage container 1, a heat storage material 2, a heat transfer medium 3, a heating system cold flow pipe 41, and a heating system hot flow pipe 51. The heat storage container 1 contains the heat storage material 2 and the heat transfer medium 3. The heat transfer medium 3 is a fluid, and the heat storage material 2 is a solid or a package or a liquid that is the same as the heat transfer medium 3.

[0047] The heating system cold flow pipe 41 is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container 1 or the bottom fluid cavity or the bottom fluid distributor, and its outer end is connected to the heat transfer medium pipe input end of the heating system.

[0048] The heating system heat flow pipe 51 is connected to the upper part of the heat storage container 1 or the upper fluid cavity or the upper fluid distributor, and its outer end is connected to the output end of the heat transfer working medium pipe of the heating system.

[0049] The heating system unit MU41 controls the conveying of the heat transfer medium 3 into and out of the heating device;

[0050] In this embodiment, the heating component adopts a homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger heating component, including a heating system cold flow pipe 42, a heating system hot flow pipe 52, and an external heat exchanger E10. The heating system cold flow pipe 42 is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container 1 or the bottom fluid cavity or the bottom fluid distributor. The heating system hot flow pipe 52 is connected to the upper part of the heat storage container 1 or the upper fluid cavity or the upper fluid distributor. The primary side heat exchange medium input and output pipes of the external heat exchanger E10 are respectively connected to the heating system hot flow pipe 52 and the heating system cold flow pipe 42. The heat exchange medium pipes may have a heating system unit MU52 composed of heat transfer medium power and / or control components. The secondary side of the external heat exchanger E10 is connected to the heat-receiving medium pipeline or cascaded heat exchanger of the user system.

[0051] In this embodiment, the heat storage material 2 is a metal-based heat storage element, which is stacked together to form gaps or channels between each other; the heat transfer medium 3 is heat transfer oil, but is not limited to this, and the heat transfer medium 3 is stable and does not react with the solid surface of the heat storage material 2; the heat storage material 2 and the heat transfer medium 3 can use the same molten salt.

[0052] The injection and discharge pipe 8 connects to the bottom of the heat storage container 1, with its suction port close to the bottom wall and below the horizontal plane of the heat transfer medium 3 inlet and outlet of the bottom fluid distributor. The overflow device 9 is installed on the upper part of the heat storage container 1, with the overflow port level with the upper limit of the working medium liquid level of the heat storage container 1 and the overflow pipe outlet extending out of the heat storage container 1.

[0053] In this embodiment, the user system is the steam system A2. The secondary side of the external heat exchanger E10 is connected to the water source pipeline and the steam pipeline. The water press unit MUA2 provides power and control for the water to flow into and out of the heat exchanger for heat exchange.

[0054] This embodiment includes four general working processes.

[0055] Process 1: Heating process

[0056] The heating device of the heating system transfers heat from the heat source side to the user side. The heat transfer medium 3 flows through the user side of the heating device to absorb heat and raise its temperature. Under the action of the heat transfer medium power and / or control components, namely the heating system unit MU41, the low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 is input from the heating system cold flow pipe 41 through the heat transfer medium pipe component of the heating system, and the high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 after heat exchange is output through the heat transfer medium pipe component of the heating system to the heating system hot flow pipe 51, so as to realize the continuous transfer of enthalpy change heat to the heat transfer medium 3.

[0057] Process 2: Heating and Energy Storage Process

[0058] High-temperature heat transfer medium 3 is input, that is, high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 is input through the heating system heat flow pipe 51, or distributed through the upper fluid distributor and flooded into the upper part of the heat storage container 1.

[0059] The low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 is output, that is, the low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 at the bottom of the heat storage container 1, or distributed through the bottom fluid distributor and output through the heating system cold flow pipe 41.

[0060] The heat transfer medium 3 enters at a high temperature and exits at a low temperature, increasing the total internal energy of the heat storage material 3 in the heat storage container 1. The heating and energy storage process ends when the temperature difference between the heat transfer medium 3 entering and exiting approaches zero.

[0061] Within the operating temperature range, the higher the liquid phase temperature of the heat transfer medium 3, the lower its density. A temperature gradient layer is formed between the upper high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 and the lower low-temperature heat transfer medium 3, which hinders convective heat transfer between the upper and lower layers. The heat transfer medium 3 mainly exchanges heat with the heat storage material 2 in the same layer. At the same time, the heat transfer medium 3 at the bottom of the heat storage container 1 is extracted from the heating system cold flow pipe 41, which keeps the liquid level in the heat storage container 1 basically unchanged and causes the high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 continuously injected into the upper part of the heat storage container 1 to move downward. Meanwhile, the heat storage material 2 in the same layer absorbs heat and its temperature rises, and the high-temperature layer also gradually moves downward. As the temperature of the heat storage material 2 rises and the temperature difference between the heat transfer medium 3 and the heat transfer medium 3 gradually decreases, the heat exchange will gradually weaken until the temperature of the heat transfer medium 3 extracted from the heating system cold flow pipe 41 no longer rises. When the heat exchange reaches equilibrium, the heating and energy storage process ends.

[0062] Process 3: Energy Release and Heating Process

[0063] This embodiment describes the energy release heating process of a homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger.

[0064] The homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger provides heating, including a heating system cold flow pipe 42, a heating system hot flow pipe 52, and an external heat exchanger E10. The heating system cold flow pipe 42 is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container 1 or the bottom fluid cavity or the bottom fluid distributor. The heating system hot flow pipe 52 is connected to the upper part of the heat storage container 1 or the upper fluid cavity or the upper fluid distributor. The primary side heat exchange medium input and output pipes of the external heat exchanger E10 are respectively connected to the heating system hot flow pipe 52 and the heating system cold flow pipe 42. The heat exchange medium pipes may have heat transfer medium power and / or control components, i.e., the heating system unit MU52. The secondary side heat exchange medium input and output pipes of the external heat exchanger E10 are connected to the user system heat-receiving medium pipes.

[0065] The homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger provides heat. Under normal operating conditions, or under the action of the heat transfer medium power and / or control components, the high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 is input to the primary side of the external heat exchanger E10 through the heat supply system heat flow pipe 52 from the upper part or upper fluid cavity of the heat storage container 1, or through the upper fluid distributor, for heat exchange. After heat exchange, the low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 flows back to the bottom of the heat storage container 1 or the bottom fluid cavity through the heat supply system cold flow pipe 42, or through the bottom fluid distributor. The heat transfer medium 3 is input at high temperature and output at low temperature on the primary side of the external heat exchanger E10, and the output heat energy is used to heat the secondary side.

[0066] The homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger provides heat. During the process of low-temperature input and high-temperature output of the heat transfer medium 3, the low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 at the bottom rises and absorbs the heat of the heat storage material 2 it touches. The temperature of the low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 increases and the temperature of the high-temperature heat storage material 2 decreases. The greater the temperature difference between the two, the greater the heat exchange power. When the temperature difference between the two approaches zero, the heat exchange tends to terminate. Within the operating temperature range, the density of the heat transfer medium 3 is low at high temperatures and high at low temperatures. An inclined temperature layer is formed between the lower low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 and the upper high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 in the heat storage container 1, which hinders the convective heat transfer between the upper and lower layers and forms an isothermal surface in the direction of gravity. The low-temperature isothermal surface gradually moves upward until the temperature difference between the input and output heat transfer medium 3 approaches zero, at which point the energy release and heating end.

[0067] Step 4: Heat absorption and enthalpy increase in the user system:

[0068] The user system's heated fluid absorbs heat from the primary side heat transfer medium 3 through heat exchange on the secondary side of the external heat exchanger E10, increasing its internal energy and raising its temperature.

[0069] The steam station of the solar thermal multi-source energy storage heat station described in this embodiment utilizes solar thermal energy to produce steam through energy storage and release technology, which is then supplied to production and residential users.

[0070] Example 2: A solar thermal multi-source energy storage heat station, such as... Figure 2 As shown.

[0071] This embodiment includes a heating system, an energy storage device, a heating component, and a user system. Unlike embodiment one, the heating component uses a secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger, and the user system is a hot gas system A0.

[0072] The secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger heating component includes an immersion heat exchanger 10, which is installed in the upper or middle-upper fluid cavity of the heat storage container 1. The secondary side tube of the immersion heat exchanger 10 is connected to the heat-receiving medium pipeline of the user system.

[0073] Process 1: Heating process

[0074] The heating device of the heating system transfers the enthalpy change heat from the heat source side to the user side. The heat transfer medium 3 flows through the user side of the enthalpy change heating device and absorbs heat to raise the temperature. Under the action of the heat transfer medium power and / or control components, the low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 is input from the cold flow pipe 41 of the heating system through the heat transfer medium pipe component of the enthalpy change heating system, and the high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 is output to the hot flow pipe 51 of the heating system through the heat transfer medium pipe component of the enthalpy change heating system, so as to realize the continuous transfer of enthalpy change heat to the heat transfer medium 3.

[0075] Process 2: Heating and Energy Storage Process

[0076] High-temperature heat transfer medium 3 is input, that is, high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 is input through the heating system heat flow pipe 51, or distributed through the upper fluid distributor and flooded into the upper part of the heat storage container 1.

[0077] The low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 is output, that is, the low-temperature heat transfer medium 3 at the bottom of the heat storage container 1, or distributed through the bottom fluid distributor and output through the heating system cold flow pipe 41.

[0078] The heat transfer medium 3 enters at a high temperature and exits at a low temperature, increasing the total internal energy of the heat storage material 3 in the heat storage container 1. The heating and energy storage process ends when the temperature difference between the heat transfer medium 3 entering and exiting approaches zero.

[0079] Within the operating temperature range, the higher the liquid phase temperature of the heat transfer medium 3, the lower its density. A temperature gradient layer is formed between the upper high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 and the lower low-temperature heat transfer medium 3, which hinders convective heat transfer between the upper and lower layers. The heat transfer medium 3 mainly exchanges heat with the heat storage material 2 in the same layer. At the same time, the heat transfer medium 3 at the bottom of the heat storage container 1 is extracted from the heating system cold flow pipe 41, which keeps the liquid level in the heat storage container 1 basically unchanged and causes the high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 continuously injected into the upper part of the heat storage container 1 to move downward. Meanwhile, the heat storage material 2 in the same layer absorbs heat and its temperature rises, and the high-temperature layer also gradually moves downward. As the temperature of the heat storage material 2 rises and the temperature difference between the heat transfer medium 3 and the heat transfer medium 3 gradually decreases, the heat exchange will gradually weaken until the temperature of the heat transfer medium 3 extracted from the heating system cold flow pipe 41 no longer rises. When the heat exchange reaches equilibrium, the heating and energy storage process ends.

[0080] Process 3: Energy Release and Heating Process

[0081] In this embodiment, the energy release heating process is a secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger heating process.

[0082] The secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger provides heating, including an immersion heat exchanger 10. The immersion heat exchanger 10 is placed in the upper or middle-upper fluid cavity of the heat storage container 1. The primary side of the immersion heat exchanger 10 is the outer side of the tube wall, which is in direct contact with and immersed in the heat transfer medium 3. The secondary side of the immersion heat exchanger 10 is connected to the user system's heat-receiving medium pipeline.

[0083] The secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger provides heating. Under normal operating conditions, the primary side heat transfer medium 3 transfers heat to the secondary side tube-side heat exchange medium. The primary side heat transfer medium 3 releases heat and cools down, forming a density flow that naturally sinks. The high-temperature heat transfer medium 3 rises to fill the gap. The cooled heat transfer medium 3 absorbs the heat from the heat storage material 2 it touches. The heat storage material 2 releases heat and lowers its temperature. The heat transfer medium 3 absorbs heat and rises in temperature until the temperature difference between the heat storage material 2, the heat transfer medium 3, and the heat exchange medium is small and the heat exchange is weak, thus ending the heating process.

[0084] Step 4: Heat absorption and enthalpy increase in the user system:

[0085] The user system's heating medium flows through the secondary side tubes of the immersion heat exchanger 10 for heat exchange, absorbing heat from the primary side heat transfer medium 3 to increase internal energy and raise temperature.

[0086] The hot gas station of the solar thermal multi-source energy storage station described in this embodiment heats the gas by storing and releasing solar thermal energy to meet the user's hot gas needs.

[0087] Example 3: A solar thermal multi-source energy storage heat station injection and discharge system, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0088] In this embodiment, an optional additional working fluid injection and discharge system includes a heat transfer working fluid tank, an injection and discharge unit, a channel at the top of the heat transfer working fluid tank that connects to the atmospheric environment, a pipeline of the injection and discharge unit that connects to the lower part of the heat transfer working fluid tank, an injection and discharge pipeline 8 that connects to the injection and discharge unit, and an overflow device 9 whose overflow pipe outlet connects to the top of the heat transfer working fluid tank. The injection and discharge unit consists of pumps, valves, pipelines, and control components. The unit can be selected to inject heat transfer working fluid 3 from the heat transfer working fluid tank into the heat storage container 1 or to discharge heat transfer working fluid 3 from the heat storage container 1 into the heat transfer working fluid tank.

[0089] Example 4: A multi-source solar thermal energy storage station with multiple heat sources, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0090] In this embodiment, a multi-source solar thermal energy storage station is provided with multiple heat sources. The heating system can be equipped with an electric heating device H1 and / or a combustion-type enthalpy-changing heating device H3, which can be connected in series, connected in parallel, or operated independently.

[0091] Example 5: A solar thermal multi-source energy storage thermal station with enthalpy enhancement and hot water thermal station, such as... Figure 5 As shown.

[0092] This embodiment includes a heating system, an energy storage device, a heating component, an injection and discharge system, and a user system. The heating system includes a solar collector H0 and a heating unit MU41. The heating component includes an external heat exchanger E10 and a heating unit MU52. The user system adopts an enthalpy-increasing system A3 and a medium unit MUA3.

[0093] It also includes a medium-temperature heating component and a connected user system. In this embodiment, the medium-temperature heating component is an immersion heat exchanger 11, which is placed in the middle or lower middle part of the heat storage container 1. In this embodiment, the user system is a hot water system AW, including a water supply unit MUAW.

[0094] This embodiment achieves the dual functions of increasing the enthalpy of the medium and supplying hot water.

[0095] Example 6: An enthalpy-increasing and heating station for a multi-source solar thermal energy storage system, such as... Figure 6 As shown.

[0096] This embodiment includes a heating system, an energy storage device, a heating component, an injection and discharge system, and a user system. The heating system includes a solar collector H0 and a heating unit MU41. The heating component uses an immersion heat exchanger 10. In this embodiment, the immersion heat exchanger 10 is connected to a cascaded heating system A1 heat exchanger and a heating unit MUA1. The user system uses an enthalpy-increasing system A3, and the enthalpy-increasing medium pipeline is pressurized.

[0097] This embodiment also includes a medium-temperature heating component and a connected user system. The medium-temperature heating component is a homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger medium-temperature heating component. The medium-temperature cold flow pipe 421 and the medium-temperature hot flow pipe 521 of the heating system are located in the middle or lower part of the heat storage container 1. The primary side of the external medium-temperature heat exchanger E11 is connected to the medium-temperature hot flow pipe 521 and the medium-temperature cold flow pipe 421 of the heating system. The heat exchange working fluid pipe may have a heating system medium-temperature unit MU521 composed of heat transfer working fluid power and / or control components. The secondary side of the external medium-temperature heat exchanger E11 is connected to the user system. The user system adopts a heating system A1, including a heating unit MUA1.

[0098] In this embodiment, the cascaded heat exchanger achieves dual functions of increasing the enthalpy of the medium and providing medium-temperature heating.

[0099] Based on the disclosure of this invention, other technical solutions covered by this invention can be derived.

Claims

1. A solar thermal multi-source energy storage heat station, comprising a heating system, an energy storage device, heating components, and a user system, characterized in that: The heating system includes a heating device, a heat transfer medium pipeline component, and a heating system unit (MU41) on the heating system working medium pipeline, which may be composed of heat transfer medium power and / or control components. The heating device includes a solar thermal collector (H0). The energy storage device includes a heat storage container (1), a heat storage material (2), a heat transfer medium (3), a heating system cold flow pipe (41), and a heating system hot flow pipe (51). The heat storage container (1) contains the heat storage material (2) and the heat transfer medium (3). The heat transfer medium (3) is a fluid, and the heat storage material (2) is a solid, a package, or a liquid similar to the heat transfer medium (3). The heating system cold flow pipe (41) is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container (1) or the bottom fluid cavity or the bottom fluid distributor, and its outer end is connected to the heat transfer medium pipe input end of the heating system. The heating system hot flow pipe (51) is connected to the upper part of the heat storage container (1) or the upper fluid cavity or the upper fluid distributor, and its outer end is connected to the heat transfer medium pipe output end of the heating system. The heating component is a homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger heating component and / or a secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger heating component. The heating components of the homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger include a heating system cold flow pipe (42), a heating system hot flow pipe (52), and an external heat exchanger (E10). The heating system cold flow pipe (42) is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container (1) or the bottom fluid cavity or the bottom fluid distributor. The heating system hot flow pipe (52) is connected to the top of the heat storage container (1) or the upper fluid cavity or the upper fluid distributor. The primary side of the external heat exchanger is connected to the heating system hot flow pipe (52) and the heating system cold flow pipe (42). The heating system working fluid pipe may have a heating system unit (MU52) composed of heat transfer working fluid power and / or control components. The secondary side of the external heat exchanger (E10) is connected to the user system's heat-receiving working fluid pipeline or a cascaded heat exchanger. The secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger heating component includes an immersion heat exchanger (10), which is placed in the upper or middle fluid cavity of the heat storage container (1). The secondary side tube of the immersion heat exchanger (10) is connected to the user system's heating medium pipeline or cascade heat exchanger. The user system is a heat-receiving fluid system that needs to absorb heat and is connected to the secondary side of the heat exchanger of the heating component or the secondary side of its cascaded heat exchanger, including but not limited to hot water system (AW), hot air system (A0), heating system (A1), steam system (A2), and enthalpy-increasing system (A3); the heat exchanger of the heating component includes an external heat exchanger (E10) and / or an immersion heat exchanger (10).

2. The solar thermal multi-source energy storage station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid heat storage material (2) includes one or more of a metal-based heat storage element and / or a metal ore and / or a non-metal ore and / or magnesium oxide granules, iron oxide granules, iron tetroxide granules, and silicon dioxide granules and / or metallurgical slag granules, metal granules, silica granules, rock granules, and gravel; the heat storage material (2) encapsulation body is a heat storage element encapsulating the heat storage material in a physicochemically stable solid shell; the heat storage material (2) is a liquid with the same heat transfer medium (3), including molten salt; the heat transfer medium (3) fluid includes air, nitrogen, clean flue gas, water and / or water vapor, solution, molten salt, heat transfer oil, and physicochemically stable fluids.

3. The solar thermal multi-source energy storage station according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes an injection and discharge pipe (8) and an overflow device (9). The injection and discharge pipe (8) is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container (1). The suction port of the injection and discharge pipe (8) is close to the bottom wall and is below the horizontal plane of the heat transfer medium (3) inlet and outlet of the heating system cold flow pipe and / or bottom fluid distributor. The overflow device (9) is installed on the upper part of the heat storage container (1). The overflow port is level with the upper limit of the working medium liquid level of the heat storage container (1). The overflow pipe outlet extends out of the heat storage container (1).

4. A solar thermal multi-source energy storage station according to claim 3, characterized in that: The system includes a working fluid injection and discharge system, which includes a heat transfer working fluid tank, an injection and discharge unit, a channel at the top of the heat transfer working fluid tank that connects to the atmospheric environment, a pipeline of the injection and discharge unit that connects to the bottom of the heat transfer working fluid tank, an injection and discharge pipeline (8) that connects to the injection and discharge unit, and an overflow device (9) whose overflow pipe outlet connects to the top of the heat transfer working fluid tank. The injection and discharge unit consists of pumps, valves, pipelines, and control components. The unit can be selected to inject heat transfer working fluid (3) from the heat transfer working fluid tank into the heat storage container (1) or to discharge heat transfer working fluid (3) from the heat storage container (1) into the heat transfer working fluid tank.

5. A solar thermal multi-source energy storage station according to claim 1, characterized in that: A medium-temperature heating component is installed in the middle or lower part of the space between the bottom of the heat storage container (1) and the heat flow pipe (52) of the heating system or the immersion heat exchanger (10); The medium-temperature heating component is a medium-temperature heating component of a homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger and / or a medium-temperature heating component of a secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger. The homogeneous heat transfer external heat exchanger medium-temperature heating component includes a heating system medium-temperature cold flow pipe (421), a heating system medium-temperature hot flow pipe (521), and an external medium-temperature heat exchanger (E11). The heating system medium-temperature cold flow pipe (421) is connected to the bottom of the heat storage container (1) or the bottom fluid cavity or the bottom fluid distributor. The heating system medium-temperature hot flow pipe (521) is connected to the middle or lower part of the heat storage container (1) or the fluid cavity or the fluid distributor at that position. The primary side of the external medium-temperature heat exchanger is connected to the heating system medium-temperature hot flow pipe (521) and the heating system medium-temperature cold flow pipe (421). The heating system medium-temperature working fluid pipe may have a heating system medium-temperature unit (MU521) composed of heat transfer working fluid power and / or control components. The secondary side of the external medium-temperature heat exchanger (E11) is connected to the user system heat-receiving working fluid pipeline or cascade heat exchanger. The secondary heat exchange immersion heat exchanger medium temperature heating component includes an immersion medium temperature heat exchanger (11), which is placed in the middle or lower part of the heat storage container (1) or in the fluid cavity at that position. The secondary side tube of the immersion medium temperature heat exchanger (11) is connected to the user system's heating working fluid pipeline or cascade heat exchanger. The user system includes, but is not limited to, a hot water system (AW), a heating system (A1), and an enthalpy-increasing system (A3). The heating medium pipeline of the user system is connected to the secondary side of an external medium-temperature heat exchanger (E11) and / or an immersion medium-temperature heat exchanger (11), or the secondary side of a cascaded heat exchanger on the secondary side.

6. A solar thermal multi-source energy storage station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar collector (H0) includes, but is not limited to, tower, trough, vacuum tube, or flat plate solar collectors; the heating device further includes an electric heating device (H1) and / or a combustion-type enthalpy change heating device (H3), wherein the electric heating device (H1) includes a high-voltage electric heating device or a high-voltage electric heating unit, and the combustion-type enthalpy change heating device (H3) includes a natural gas boiler, a coal gas boiler, a chemical reactor, a waste gas combustion furnace, or a solid / waste combustion furnace.

7. A solar thermal multi-source energy storage station according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The hot water system (AW) includes a water source pipe and a hot water pipe. The water source pipe is connected to the secondary side input end of the heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascaded heat exchanger, and the output end is connected to the hot water pipe. There may be a water supply unit (MUAW) on the water source pipe and / or hot water pipe, which consists of water flow pipes and accessories and water flow power and / or control components. Water flows from the water source pipe through the secondary side of the heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascaded heat exchanger and undergoes heat exchange before being transported to the hot water pipe. The hot gas system (A0) includes a gas source pipeline and a hot gas pipeline. The gas source pipeline is connected to the secondary side input end of the heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascaded heat exchanger, and the output end is connected to the hot gas pipeline. There may be a gas supply unit (MUA0) on the gas source pipeline and / or the hot gas pipeline, which consists of air flow pipeline and accessories and air flow power and / or control components. The heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascaded heat exchanger adopts a liquid-gas heat exchanger. The heating system (A1) includes a return pipe and a heating pipe. The return pipe is connected to the secondary side input end of the heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascade heat exchanger, and the output end is connected to the heating pipe. There may be a heating unit (MUA1) on the return pipe and / or the heating pipe, which consists of working fluid pipes and accessories and working fluid power and / or control components. The heat exchanger of the heating component is a partition heat exchanger, and its cascade heat exchanger is a partition heat exchanger or a mixed flow heat exchanger. The steam system (A2) includes a water source pipeline and a steam pipeline. The water source pipeline is connected to the secondary side input end of the heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascaded heat exchanger, and the output end is connected to the steam pipeline. There may be a water press unit (MUA2) on the water source pipeline and / or steam pipeline, which consists of fluid pipelines and accessories and fluid power and / or control components. The heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascaded heat exchanger is a steam generator. The enthalpy-increasing system (A3) includes a heated medium flow and its container or piping components. The heated medium flow is connected to the secondary side of the heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascaded heat exchanger through the piping components, or a medium unit (MUA3) consisting of a medium flow power and / or control components. It also includes the primary side of the heat exchanger of the heating component or its cascaded heat exchanger heating the heated medium by a combination of radiative heating and radiative conduction. The heat exchanger of the heating component includes an external heat exchanger (E10) and / or an immersion heat exchanger (10), and also includes an external medium-temperature heat exchanger (E11) and / or an immersion medium-temperature heat exchanger (11).

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