Geotechnical test compression device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering test equipment, in particular to a geotechnical test compression device which comprises a portal frame, a bottom platform and hydraulic systems, the portal frame is located on the bottom platform, the hydraulic systems are installed on the top and the two sides of the portal frame, and the geotechnical test compression device further comprises a first cavity plate, a second cavity plate and a telescopic pressing plate. The first cavity plate is detachably connected with the hydraulic systems on the two sides of the portal frame, the second cavity plate is detachably connected with the two sides of the bottom platform, the first cavity plate, the second cavity plate and the plane of the bottom platform form a cavity for filling rock soil, and the first cavity plate is in sliding connection with the second cavity plate; the telescopic pressing plate is detachably connected with a hydraulic system on the top of the portal frame, telescopic parts are arranged on the two sides of the telescopic pressing plate, and the telescopic parts abut against the side, close to the cavity, of the first cavity plate. According to the invention, the standard sample with more uniform internal structure and stronger mechanical representativeness can be prepared, so that the credibility of rock and soil test data in a special environment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering testing equipment technology, and more specifically, to a geotechnical testing compression device. Background Technology

[0002] In geotechnical engineering construction in special environments such as deep-earth engineering, extremely cold regions, and high-temperature geothermal environments, accurately obtaining the mechanical parameters of geotechnical materials under extreme temperature conditions is crucial. These parameters, such as compressive strength, deformation patterns, and constitutive relationships, form the basis for engineering safety design and stability evaluation. For example, the scheme disclosed in the prior art (CN221100337U) uses a unidirectional hydraulic device to extrude and mold geotechnical test blocks.

[0003] However, the unidirectional compression method used in the aforementioned existing technologies easily leads to directional compaction of the internal structural units of the sample, resulting in differences in density in different directions and anisotropy. This internal structural inhomogeneity caused by one-dimensional compression directly affects the reliability and accuracy of subsequent mechanical test results, making it difficult to truly reflect the mechanical behavior of soil and rock materials under complex stress states. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problem of uneven internal structure of soil and rock samples prepared by unidirectional compression in the prior art, and to provide a soil and rock test compression device that can achieve bidirectional uniform compression to prepare standard samples with more uniform internal structure and stronger mechanical representativeness, thereby improving the reliability of soil and rock test data under special conditions.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A soil and rock testing compression device is provided, comprising a gantry frame, a bottom platform, and a hydraulic system. The gantry frame is located on the bottom platform, and the hydraulic system is installed on the top and sides of the gantry frame. The device also includes a first cavity plate, a second cavity plate, and a telescopic pressure plate. The first cavity plate is detachably connected to the hydraulic system on both sides of the gantry frame, and the second cavity plate is detachably connected to both sides of the bottom platform. The first cavity plate, the second cavity plate, and the plane of the bottom platform form a cavity for filling soil and rock. The first cavity plate and the second cavity plate are slidably connected. The telescopic pressure plate is detachably connected to the hydraulic system on the top of the gantry frame, and telescopic portions are provided on both sides of the telescopic pressure plate. The telescopic portions abut against the side of the first cavity plate near the cavity.

[0007] In the above-mentioned process, the operator first combines the first type of cavity plate (connected and installed with the hydraulic system), the second type of cavity plate and the bottom platform to form a rectangular cavity with an open top. Then, the soil and rock sample is filled into the cavity and the top surface is scraped flat to complete the initial filling of the sample.

[0008] After the compression program is initiated, the hydraulic system installed at the top of the gantry drives the telescopic pressure plate to move vertically downwards, applying axial pressure to the soil and rock sample. Simultaneously, the hydraulic systems on both sides of the gantry push the two first-type cavity plates to move horizontally towards each other along the second-type cavity plate, applying lateral pressure to the soil and rock from both sides. During the compression process, as the first-type cavity plates gradually approach each other, the telescopic parts on both sides of the telescopic pressure plate will correspondingly contract inwards, always maintaining contact with the first-type cavity plates, thereby preventing the first-type cavity plates from squeezing the telescopic pressure plate and ensuring that the pressure is evenly transmitted to the sides of the soil and rock until the preset compression displacement or pressure value is reached. Under the action of bidirectional stress, the soil and rock particles are redistributed and compacted.

[0009] Throughout the process, the soil and rock samples are subjected to controlled compression in both the vertical and horizontal directions, achieving two-dimensional compression molding. This effectively reduces the directional differences caused by traditional one-dimensional compression and provides more reliable and representative standard samples.

[0010] Furthermore, the top of the second cavity plate is provided with a sliding groove, and the top of the first cavity plate is provided with a sliding protrusion. The sliding protrusion is connected to the sliding groove. The sliding groove is U-shaped and fits into the sliding protrusion, thereby realizing the sliding connection between the second cavity plate and the first cavity plate.

[0011] Furthermore, mounting grooves are provided on both sides of the bottom platform, and the end of the first cavity plate away from the slide groove is inserted into the mounting groove; during the compression process, the second cavity plate will be subjected to greater pressure from inside the cavity. One end of the second cavity plate is inserted into the mounting groove, and the other end is engaged with the sliding protrusion through the slide groove, so that both ends are fixed in a way that is perpendicular to the plane of the second cavity plate, thus preventing it from collapsing during the compression process.

[0012] Furthermore, the telescopic pressure plate is provided with telescopic grooves on both sides, and elastic elements are provided in the telescopic grooves. The telescopic part is slidably connected to the telescopic groove, and the two ends of the elastic element are respectively connected to the inner wall of the telescopic part and the telescopic groove. The elastic element is a spring and is built into the telescopic groove. When the first cavity plate abuts against the telescopic part, the spring can be compressed to make the entire telescopic part slide into the telescopic groove. When the pressure is released, the spring rebounds when the first cavity plate moves in the reverse direction, and the telescopic part slides in the reverse direction accordingly. According to the reduction in the volume of the rock and soil during compression and the length of the spring, the depth of the telescopic groove is between 120mm and 150mm. This range can adapt to the ultimate compression of the rock and soil and avoid the telescopic pressure plate being subjected to pressure in the direction parallel to the plate plane.

[0013] Furthermore, a guide rod is provided on the bottom surface of the telescopic groove, and a guide groove is provided on the telescopic part, with the guide rod inserted into the guide groove; a pad is also provided at the end of the telescopic part away from the elastic element, and the pad is fixedly connected to the two sides of the telescopic part parallel to the guide rod; the guide rod provides guidance for the sliding of the telescopic part, preventing the entire telescopic part from jumping up and down in the direction perpendicular to the telescopic pressure plate plane.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a vibration motor. The bottom platform is provided with a mounting cavity, and the vibration motor is located in the mounting cavity and detachably connected to the bottom platform. A cover plate is provided on the top of the mounting cavity, and the cover plate is rotatably connected to the side wall of the mounting cavity. The vibration motor is built into the bottom platform. Before compression begins, since the soil and rock filling the cavity are initially relatively loose, in order to avoid excessive volume change during compression and to expel as much air as possible between the soil clumps, the vibration motor is set to vibrate and compact the soil sample before compression. The vibration motor is installed in the mounting cavity of the base through a threaded connection, and the mounting cavity is closed with a cover plate. During maintenance, only the cover plate needs to be opened.

[0015] Furthermore, the device includes a control console, which is electrically connected to the hydraulic system and the vibration motor; it also includes a ranging component, which is installed on the top of the gantry near the bottom platform and electrically connected to the control console. After vibration compaction, it is necessary to estimate whether the density of the entire soil and rock sample meets the standard. After compression, it is also necessary to recalculate the density of the soil and rock sample and compare it with the density of the standard sample. The control console is a computer terminal connected to the main body of the device. Its control functions include adjusting the parameters of the three independent hydraulic presses, adjusting the power and frequency of the vibration motor, receiving and processing information from the ranging component, and performing four basic operation functions: "start," "pause," "reset," and "emergency stop." In addition, the control console's display screen can display the current pressure value, actual stroke, and compression rate of the hydraulic presses, the operating parameters of the vibration motor (frequency, amplitude, and working time), and the measurement data of the ranging component in real time, so as to facilitate the collection of experimental data by the experimenters.

[0016] Furthermore, the ranging component includes a laser transmitter and a pulse receiver. An extension arm is provided on the top of the gantry, and both the laser transmitter and the pulse receiver are mounted on the extension arm. Both the laser transmitter and the pulse receiver are electrically connected to the control console. The extension arm and the gantry body are a seamless integrated structure, and the mounting reference surface of the ranging component is formed by precision milling with a flatness error ≤0.02mm. The laser transmitter and the pulse receiver are installed by threaded connection.

[0017] Furthermore, pressure sensors are installed between the first cavity plate and the hydraulic system, and between the telescopic pressure plate and the hydraulic system. The pressure sensors are electrically connected to the control console. The control console receives the electrical signals from the pressure sensors, processes them, and displays the pressure data of the three hydraulic systems on the display screen, making it convenient for experimental personnel to monitor the pressure fluctuations of the hydraulic systems.

[0018] Furthermore, the main structural materials of the gantry and the bottom platform are both 20CrMoV alloy steel or 12Cr1MoVG alloy steel; the main structure is made of heat-resistant and cold-resistant alloy materials. In the temperature range of -20℃ to 80℃, the shrinkage rate or expansion rate of 20CrMoV alloy steel or 12Cr1MoVG alloy steel is small, which can maintain the overall structural stability and functional reliability, so that the device can be directly applied to geotechnical mechanics tests in special environments such as frozen soil in cold regions and high-temperature rock masses.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. A hydraulic system is installed on the top and sides of the gantry frame, and includes a first cavity plate, a second cavity plate, and a telescopic pressure plate. The first cavity plate is detachably connected to the hydraulic system on both sides of the gantry frame, and the second cavity plate is detachably connected to both sides of the bottom platform. The first and second cavity plates, together with the plane of the bottom platform, form a cavity for filling soil and rock. The first and second cavity plates are slidably connected. The telescopic pressure plate is detachably connected to the hydraulic system on the top of the gantry frame. Telescopic parts are provided on both sides of the telescopic pressure plate, and the telescopic parts abut against the side of the first cavity plate closest to the cavity. The hydraulic system provides power, and the soil and rock sample is simultaneously subjected to the compression action of the first cavity plate and the telescopic pressure plate in both the vertical and horizontal directions. During the compression process, the first cavity plate gradually moves closer together, and the telescopic parts on both sides of the telescopic pressure plate correspondingly contract inward, achieving two-dimensional compression molding. This produces a standard sample with a more uniform internal structure and stronger mechanical representativeness, effectively improving the reliability of soil and rock test data under special conditions.

[0020] 2. The vibration motor is located inside the mounting cavity and detachably connected to the bottom platform. The ranging component includes a laser emitter and a pulse receiver. An extension arm is provided at the top of the gantry frame, and both the laser emitter and the pulse receiver are mounted on the extension arm. The hydraulic system, the vibration motor, and the ranging component are all electrically connected to the control console. The vibration motor compacts the soil sample before compression. After compression, the density of the soil and rock sample is calculated via the control console and compared with the density of a standard sample. This allows researchers to confirm whether the soil and rock sample has been compressed to the required standard, effectively improving experimental efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of a soil and rock testing compression device; Figure 2This is a partial cross-sectional view of a soil and rock testing compression device in the front direction; Figure 3 This is a side view of a soil and rock testing compression device; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the telescopic pressure plate of a soil and rock testing compression device.

[0022] In the attached diagram: 100, gantry frame; 110, extension arm; 200, bottom platform; 210, mounting slot; 220, vibration motor; 230, cover plate; 300, hydraulic system; 400, first cavity plate; 410, sliding protrusion; 500, second cavity plate; 510, slide groove; 600, telescopic pressure plate; 610, telescopic part; 611, guide groove; 612, pad block; 620, telescopic groove; 630, elastic element; 640, guide rod; 700, control console; 800, ranging component. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only, representing schematic diagrams rather than actual physical objects, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0024] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present patent. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] Example 1 This embodiment is a first embodiment of a compression device for geotechnical testing, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the system includes a gantry frame 100, a bottom platform 200, and a hydraulic system 300. The gantry frame 100 is located on the bottom platform 200. The hydraulic system 300 is installed on the top and sides of the gantry frame 100. The system also includes a first cavity plate 400, a second cavity plate 500, and a telescopic pressure plate 600. The first cavity plate 400 is detachably connected to the hydraulic system 300 on both sides of the gantry frame 100. The second cavity plate 500 is detachably connected to both sides of the bottom platform 200. The planes of the first cavity plate 400, the second cavity plate 500, and the bottom platform 200 form a cavity for filling soil and rock. The first cavity plate 400 and the second cavity plate 500 are slidably connected. The telescopic pressure plate 600 is detachably connected to the hydraulic system 300 on the top of the gantry frame 100. The telescopic pressure plate 600 has telescopic parts 610 on both sides, and the telescopic parts 610 abut against the side of the first cavity plate 400 near the cavity.

[0026] The walls of the cavity formed by the first cavity plate 400 and the second cavity plate 500 are sandblasted to make them smooth and easy to demold, and are threadedly connected to the piston head of the hydraulic system 300.

[0027] Specifically, the top of the second cavity plate 500 is provided with a sliding groove 510, and the top of the first cavity plate 400 is provided with a sliding protrusion 410. The sliding protrusion 410 is connected to the sliding groove 510. The sliding groove 510 is U-shaped and fits into the sliding protrusion 410, thereby realizing the sliding connection between the second cavity plate 500 and the first cavity plate 400.

[0028] Specifically, mounting grooves 210 are provided on both sides of the bottom platform 200. The end of the first cavity plate 400 away from the slide groove 510 is inserted into the mounting groove 210. During the compression process, the second cavity plate 500 will be subjected to greater pressure from inside the cavity. One end of the second cavity plate 500 is inserted into the mounting groove 210, and the other end is engaged with the sliding protrusion 410 through the slide groove 510. The two ends are fixed in a way that is perpendicular to the plane of the second cavity plate 500, so as to prevent it from collapsing during the compression process.

[0029] Specifically, the main structural materials of the gantry 100 and the bottom platform 200 are both 20CrMoV alloy steel or 12Cr1MoVG alloy steel; the main structure is made of heat-resistant and cold-resistant alloy materials. In the temperature range of -20℃ to 80℃, the shrinkage rate or expansion rate of 20CrMoV alloy steel or 12Cr1MoVG alloy steel is small, which can maintain the overall structural stability and functional reliability, so that the device can be directly applied to geotechnical mechanics tests in special environments such as frozen soil in cold regions and high-temperature rock masses.

[0030] The working principle of a soil and rock testing compression device in this embodiment is as follows: First, the first cavity plate 400 is fixed to the piston heads of the hydraulic system 300 on both sides of the gantry frame 100 by threaded connection. At the same time, one end of the second cavity plate 500 is inserted into the mounting grooves 210 on both sides of the bottom platform 200, and the U-shaped slide groove 510 at the other end of the second cavity plate 500 is engaged with the sliding protrusion 410 on the top of the first cavity plate 400, thereby forming an upper open rectangular cavity enclosed by the plane of the first cavity plate 400, the second cavity plate 500 and the bottom platform 200.

[0031] Subsequently, the cavity is filled with a soil sample and the top surface is smoothed to complete the initial filling of the sample. After the compression program is started, the hydraulic system 300 at the top of the gantry 100 drives the telescopic pressure plate 600 to move vertically downward, applying continuous axial pressure to the soil sample; the hydraulic systems 300 on both sides of the gantry 100 simultaneously push the two first-type cavity plates 400, causing them to move horizontally towards each other along the grooves 510 of the second-type cavity plate 500, applying uniform lateral pressure to the soil sample from both sides. During the compression process, as the first-type cavity plates 400 gradually approach each other, the telescopic parts 610 on both sides of the telescopic pressure plate 600 adaptively retract inward, always maintaining tight contact with the inner wall of the first-type cavity plates 400.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are: under the synergistic effect of vertical and horizontal bidirectional stress, the soil particles are redistributed and gradually densified, forming a standard sample with a relatively uniform internal structure and relatively consistent density in all directions, thereby effectively improving the reliability of soil test data under special conditions.

[0033] Example 2 This embodiment is a second embodiment of a compression device for geotechnical testing, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 1 is as follows: Specifically, the telescopic pressure plate 600 has telescopic grooves 620 on both sides, and elastic elements 630 are installed in the telescopic grooves 620. The telescopic part 610 is slidably connected to the telescopic groove 620. The two ends of the elastic element 630 are respectively connected to the inner walls of the telescopic part 610 and the telescopic groove 620. The elastic element 630 is a spring and is built into the telescopic groove 620. When the first cavity plate 400 abuts against the telescopic part 610, the spring can be compressed, causing the entire telescopic part 610 to slide into the telescopic groove 620. When the pressure is released, the first cavity plate 400 moves in the opposite direction, the spring rebounds, and the telescopic part 610 slides in the opposite direction accordingly. According to the reduction in the volume of the rock and soil during compression and the length of the spring, the depth of the telescopic groove 620 is between 120mm and 150mm. This range can adapt to the ultimate compression of the rock and soil and avoid the telescopic pressure plate 600 being subjected to pressure in the direction parallel to the plate plane.

[0034] Specifically, a guide rod 640 is provided on the bottom surface of the telescopic groove 620, and a guide groove 611 is provided on the telescopic part 610. The guide rod 640 is inserted into the guide groove 611. A pad 612 is provided at the end of the telescopic part 610 away from the elastic member 630. The pad 612 is fixedly connected to the two sides of the telescopic part 610 parallel to the plane of the guide rod 640. The guide rod 640 provides guidance for the sliding of the telescopic part 610 and prevents the entire telescopic part 610 from jumping up and down in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the telescopic pressure plate 600.

[0035] The working principle of a soil and rock testing compression device in this embodiment is as follows: After compression is initiated, the telescopic pressure plate 600 descends vertically, applying axial pressure to the soil and rock sample inside the cavity. The telescopic portions 610 on both sides maintain contact with the inner wall of the first cavity plate 400 via end pads 612. When the hydraulic systems 300 on both sides of the gantry 100 drive the first cavity plate 400 to move horizontally towards each other, The first cavity plate 400 pushes the compression section inward, forcing the telescopic section 610 to slide inward along the telescopic groove 620. Simultaneously, it compresses the spring installed in the telescopic groove 620. During this process, the guide rod 640 provides rigid guidance for the sliding of the telescopic section 610, ensuring the linearity and stability of the sliding trajectory. When the compression reaches a preset value or when pressure needs to be released, the hydraulic systems 300 on both sides drive the first cavity plate 400 to move in the opposite direction. The spring then releases its elastic potential energy, pushing the telescopic section 610 to slide outward along the guide rod 640 and gradually return to its initial position.

[0036] The top of the telescopic pressure plate 600 is provided with a threaded column, which is directly tightened and fixed to the threaded head at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic system 300 by using a nut to form a rigid connection.

[0037] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: The depth of the expansion groove 620 is designed to be between 120 mm and 150 mm. This range fully considers the volume shrinkage of the soil and rock under extreme compression, providing sufficient stroke for the inward sliding contraction of the expansion part 610, thereby completely avoiding the harmful stress on the expansion plate 600 itself that is parallel to its surface due to the limitation of lateral displacement.

[0038] By utilizing the compression and rebound mechanism of the spring, the telescopic pressure plate 600 can continuously provide vertical downward pressure while cooperating with the lateral first cavity plate 400 for compression, effectively ensuring the synchronicity of two-dimensional compression and the uniformity of force on the soil and rock sample.

[0039] Example 3 This embodiment is a third embodiment of a soil and rock testing compression device, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 1 is as follows: Specifically, it also includes a vibration motor 220. The bottom platform 200 is provided with an installation cavity. The vibration motor 220 is located in the installation cavity and is detachably connected to the bottom platform 200. A cover plate 230 is provided on the top of the installation cavity, and the cover plate 230 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the installation cavity. The vibration motor 220 is built into the bottom platform 200. Before compression begins, since the soil and rock filling the cavity are initially relatively loose, in order to avoid excessive volume change during compression and to expel as much air as possible between the soil clods, the vibration motor 220 is set to vibrate and compact the soil sample before compression. The vibration motor 220 is installed in the installation cavity of the base through a threaded connection, and the installation cavity is closed by the cover plate 230. When performing maintenance, only the cover plate 230 needs to be opened.

[0040] Specifically, it also includes a control console 700, which is electrically connected to the hydraulic system 300 and the vibration motor 220; it also includes a ranging component 800, which is installed on the top of the gantry 100 near the bottom platform 200 and electrically connected to the control console 700; after vibration compaction, it is necessary to estimate whether the density of the entire soil and rock sample meets the standard, and after compression, it is also necessary to recalculate the density of the soil and rock sample and compare it with the density of the standard sample; the control console 700 is a computer terminal connected to the main body of the device, and its control functions include adjusting the parameters of the three independent hydraulic presses, adjusting the power and frequency of the vibration motor 220, receiving and processing information from the ranging component 800, and four basic operation functions: "start", "pause", "reset" and "emergency stop"; in addition, the display screen of the control console 700 can display the current pressure value, actual stroke, and compression rate of the hydraulic press, the working parameters of the vibration motor 220 (frequency, amplitude, working time), and the measurement data of the ranging component 800 in real time, so as to facilitate the collection of experimental data by the experimenters.

[0041] Specifically, the ranging component 800 includes a laser transmitter and a pulse receiver. An extension arm 110 is provided on the top of the gantry 100. Both the laser transmitter and the pulse receiver are mounted on the extension arm 110 and are electrically connected to the control console 700. The extension arm 110 and the main body of the gantry 100 are a seamless integrated structure. The mounting reference surface of the ranging component 800 is formed by precision milling with a flatness error ≤0.02mm. The laser transmitter and the pulse receiver are installed by threaded connection.

[0042] The ranging component 800 uses a pulsed laser rangefinder, which calculates the distance by emitting short laser pulses and measuring the round-trip time between the emitted and received pulses. Before density calculation, the experimenter first weighs the soil sample filled into the cavity and inputs the mass parameter into the control console 700. Then, the ranging component 800 is activated to measure the distance between the calibration base plate and the zero-point plane of the extension arm 110. The soil sample is then placed into the cavity, and the piston heads of the hydraulic systems 300 on both sides of the gantry 100 are mechanically zeroed using the control console 700. After this is completed, compression can be performed. The control console 700 controls the movement of the piston heads of the hydraulic systems 300 on both sides and displays the piston head stroke in real time. The control console 700 contains the distance between the first cavity plates 400 on both sides after mechanical zeroing and the fixed distance between the second cavity plates 500 on both sides. Subtracting the piston stroke of the hydraulic systems 300 on both sides after compression from this distance yields the length value. The ranging component 800 then detects the distance between the top surface of the soil and rock and the zero-point plane of the extension arm 110 after compression. Thus, the length, width, and height can be measured, the volume can be calculated, and finally the density of the sample can be calculated using the density formula.

[0043] Specifically, pressure sensors are installed between the first cavity plate 400 and the hydraulic system 300, and between the telescopic pressure plate 600 and the hydraulic system 300. The pressure sensors are electrically connected to the control console 700. The control console 700 receives the electrical signals from the pressure sensors, processes them, and displays the pressure data of the three hydraulic systems 300 on the display screen, so that the experimenters can observe the pressure fluctuations of the hydraulic systems 300.

[0044] The working principle of a soil and rock testing compression device in this embodiment is as follows: First, the ranging component 800 is activated to measure and calibrate the initial distance H0 from the bottom platform 200 (bottom surface of the cavity) to the reference zero point plane of the extension arm 110. Then, the piston heads of the hydraulic systems 300 on both sides of the gantry 100 are mechanically zeroed via the control console 700 to establish a reference for displacement measurement. Next, the weighed soil sample is filled into the cavity formed by the first type cavity plate 400, the second type cavity plate 500, and the bottom platform 200. The vibration motor 220 located in the mounting cavity of the bottom platform 200 is activated via the control console 700 to pre-compact the loose soil sample, initially removing air and reducing porosity.

[0045] After compression is complete, the top and side hydraulic systems 300 are activated on the control console 700. The top hydraulic system 300 drives the telescopic pressure plate 600 to press down vertically, while the side hydraulic systems 300 push the first cavity plate 400 to move horizontally towards each other. Pressure sensors installed between the hydraulic systems 300 and the pressure plates transmit pressure data to the control console 700 for display in real time. Once the compression reaches the preset value, the equipment stops. At this time, the control console 700 automatically records the final piston strokes L1 and L2 of the side hydraulic systems 300.

[0046] Next, the ranging component 800 is started on the control console 700 to measure the distance H1 from the top surface of the compressed soil sample to the zero point plane of the extension arm 110. The built-in program of the control console 700 has pre-stored the fixed width W between the two second cavity plates 500 and the initial distance B between the two first cavity plates 400 after mechanical zeroing. Based on these data, the control console 700 automatically calculates the length L (L=B-L1-L2) and height h (h=H0-H1) of the compressed sample, and then obtains the sample volume V.

[0047] Finally, combining the pre-input sample mass m, the console 700 automatically calculates and displays the density value of the soil sample using the density formula.

[0048] It should be noted that when the ranging component 800 is performing measurements, in order to avoid the telescopic pressure plate 600 obstructing the measurement, the telescopic pressure plate 600 needs to be removed before and after each measurement.

[0049] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are: the vibration motor 220 discharges the internal air of the soil and rock before compression, which can effectively improve the compression efficiency; the ranging component 800 and the control console 700 realize the quantitative detection and judgment of density through high-precision non-contact ranging and automatic calculation, avoiding the error of human subjective judgment, and effectively improving the accuracy of sample preparation and the reliability of test data.

[0050] In the specific implementation of the above embodiments, the technical features can be combined in any non-contradictory way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the above technical features are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features is not contradictory, it should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0051] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compression device for geotechnical testing, comprising a gantry (100), a bottom platform (200), and a hydraulic system (300), wherein the gantry (100) is located on the bottom platform (200), and the hydraulic system (300) is installed on the top and sides of the gantry (100), characterized in that, It also includes a first cavity plate (400), a second cavity plate (500), and a telescopic pressure plate (600). The first cavity plate (400) is detachably connected to the hydraulic system (300) on both sides of the gantry frame (100). The second cavity plate (500) is detachably connected to both sides of the bottom platform (200). The planes of the first cavity plate (400), the second cavity plate (500), and the bottom platform (200) form a cavity for filling with soil and rock. The first cavity plate (400) and the second cavity plate (500) are slidably connected. The telescopic pressure plate (600) is detachably connected to the hydraulic system (300) at the top of the gantry frame (100). The telescopic pressure plate (600) has telescopic parts (610) on both sides. The telescopic parts (610) abut against the side of the first cavity plate (400) near the cavity.

2. The soil and rock testing compression device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the second cavity plate (500) is provided with a sliding groove (510), and the top of the first cavity plate (400) is provided with a sliding protrusion (410), which is connected to the sliding groove (510).

3. The soil and rock testing compression device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom platform (200) has mounting grooves (210) on both sides, and the end of the first cavity plate (400) away from the slide groove (510) is inserted into the mounting groove (210).

4. The soil and rock testing compression device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic pressure plate (600) has telescopic grooves (620) on both sides, and elastic elements (630) are provided in the telescopic grooves (620). The telescopic part (610) is slidably connected to the telescopic grooves (620), and the two ends of the elastic element (630) are respectively connected to the inner wall of the telescopic part (610) and the telescopic groove (620).

5. A rock and soil testing compression device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A guide rod (640) is also provided on the bottom surface of the telescopic groove (620), and a guide groove (611) is provided on the telescopic part (610). The guide rod (640) is inserted into the guide groove (611). A pad (612) is also provided at one end of the telescopic part (610) away from the elastic member (630). The pad (612) is fixedly connected to the telescopic part (610) on both sides of the guide rod (640) parallel to each other.

6. A rock and soil testing compression device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a vibration motor (220), the bottom platform (200) is provided with a mounting cavity, the vibration motor (220) is located in the mounting cavity and is detachably connected to the bottom platform (200), and a cover plate (230) is provided on the top of the mounting cavity, the cover plate (230) being rotatably connected to the side wall of the mounting cavity.

7. A rock and soil testing compression device according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a console (700) electrically connected to the hydraulic system (300) and the vibration motor (220); it also includes a ranging component (800) mounted on the top of the gantry (100) near the bottom platform (200) and electrically connected to the console (700).

8. A rock and soil testing compression device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The ranging component (800) includes a laser transmitter and a pulse receiver. An extension arm (110) is provided on the top of the gantry (100). The laser transmitter and the pulse receiver are both mounted on the extension arm (110). The laser transmitter and the pulse receiver are both electrically connected to the control console (700).

9. A rock and soil testing compression device according to claim 7, characterized in that, Pressure sensors are provided between the first cavity plate (400) and the hydraulic system (300), and between the telescopic pressure plate (600) and the hydraulic system (300). The pressure sensors are electrically connected to the control console (700).

10. A soil and rock testing compression device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The main structural materials of the gantry frame (100) and the bottom platform (200) are both 20CrMoV alloy steel or 12Cr1MoVG alloy steel.

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