Method and system for designing rubber sealing layer of compressed air storage

Abstract

The invention provides a compressed air storage rubber sealing layer design method and system, and relates to the technical field of compressed air energy storage power station underground engineering, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining basic data of a compressed air storage rubber sealing layer; performing modeling processing according to the basic data to obtain a first mechanical model; acquiring parameters of the rubber sealing layer according to the first mechanical model to obtain a second mechanical model; mathematical modeling is conducted on the elongation of the rubber sealing layer according to the second mechanical model, and a rubber sealing layer elongation mathematical model is constructed; according to the rubber sealing layer elongation mathematical model, a rubber sealing layer tensile model is constructed for simulation operation, and a data set of the rubber sealing layer elongation is obtained; and performing optimization processing according to the data set to obtain a final design scheme of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage. The rubber sealing layer is analyzed through the method, a mechanical model is established to accurately predict the deformation behavior of the rubber sealing layer, and the problem of prevention of early tension fracture damage of the rubber sealing layer is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground engineering technology for compressed air energy storage power stations, specifically to a design method and system for rubber sealing layers in compressed air storage tanks. Background Technology

[0002] Compressed air energy storage (CAES) technology is one of the key large-scale physical energy storage technologies for building new power systems and improving the absorption capacity of renewable energy. Its core facility—underground high-pressure gas storage facilities (such as salt caverns, abandoned mine shafts, or artificial chambers)—typically operates at pressures as high as 5-20 MPa. Traditional gas storage facilities use steel plate sealing layers to ensure airtightness, but this has significant drawbacks such as long construction periods and high investment costs, making it difficult to meet the economic requirements of engineering projects. Therefore, flexible sealing layers composed of polymer composite materials such as rubber are currently being researched. However, engineering practice and preliminary research have found that rubber sealing layers often tear at the edges or stress concentration areas under high-pressure air loads, even with minimal overall deformation. In engineering practice, early tensile cracking failure of rubber sealing layers is frequent, and the elongation at failure is far lower than the material's elongation at break. A deep understanding of the macro- and micro-mechanical responses of rubber sealing layers under high-pressure gas loads, especially their unique failure mechanisms, is still lacking, leading to blind design and seriously affecting the safety and reliability of gas storage facilities.

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned technologies, there is an urgent need for a design method and system for the rubber sealing layer of compressed air storage tanks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a design method and system for the rubber sealing layer of a compressed air storage tank, thereby improving the aforementioned problems. To achieve the above objective, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0005] Firstly, this application provides a design method for the rubber sealing layer of a compressed air storage tank, including:

[0006] Obtain basic data of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank. The basic data includes: the width of the rubber sealing layer, the thickness of the rubber sealing layer, the coefficient of friction between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad, and the air pressure inside the storage tank.

[0007] Based on the aforementioned basic data, a modeling process is performed. By utilizing the compressive tensile cracking effect of the rubber sealing layer, the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad are modeled to obtain the first mechanical model.

[0008] Based on the first mechanical model, the parameters of the rubber sealing layer are collected, and the rubber sealing layer is modeled and processed using the parameters to obtain the second mechanical model.

[0009] Based on the second mechanical model, the elongation of the rubber sealing layer is mathematically modeled, and the strain concentration in the region is analyzed by substituting the basic data to construct a mathematical model of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer.

[0010] Based on the mathematical model of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer, a tensile model of the rubber sealing layer is constructed for simulation calculation to obtain a data set of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer. The data set includes the effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer under different conditions.

[0011] Based on the data set, the interface roughness between rubber and steel plate, rubber material and rubber shape structure are optimized to obtain the final design scheme of rubber sealing layer of compressed air storage.

[0012] Secondly, this application also provides a design system for a rubber sealing layer of a compressed air storage tank, including:

[0013] The acquisition module is used to acquire basic data of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank. The basic data includes: the width of the rubber sealing layer, the thickness of the rubber sealing layer, the friction coefficient between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad, and the air pressure inside the storage tank.

[0014] The simulation module is used to perform modeling processing based on the basic data. By using the compressive tensile cracking effect of the rubber sealing layer, the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad layer are modeled to obtain the first mechanical model.

[0015] The acquisition module is used to acquire the parameters of the rubber sealing layer in the first mechanical model, and to model the rubber sealing layer using the parameters to obtain the second mechanical model.

[0016] The module is used to mathematically model the elongation of the rubber sealing layer based on the second mechanical model. By substituting the basic data, maximum local strain and elongation at break, a mathematical model of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer is constructed.

[0017] The calculation module is used to construct a tensile model of the rubber sealing layer based on the mathematical model, perform calculations on the model, and obtain a data set of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer. The set includes the effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer under different conditions.

[0018] The output module is used to obtain the final design scheme of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank by optimizing the rubber interface, rubber material and rubber structure based on the data set of the effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0020] The design method and system for the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank described in this invention solves the problem of early tensile cracking that cannot be explained by traditional theories by revealing the "compression-induced tensile cracking" failure mechanism.

[0021] This invention, by constructing a mechanical model, can accurately predict the deformation behavior of the rubber sealing layer, describe the stress state of the rubber sealing layer at concrete cracks, achieve precise analysis of the mechanical behavior of the rubber sealing layer, and improve the reliability of optimized design.

[0022] This invention proposes a design method that optimizes the interface processing technology, which significantly improves the safety of the sealing system and provides a scientific theoretical basis and design method for the design of rubber sealing layers in high-pressure gas storage facilities. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the design method for the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank as described in this embodiment of the invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the compressed air storage tank rubber sealing layer design system structure described in this embodiment of the invention;

[0026] Figure 3 The mechanical model of compressive-induced tensile cracking of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank described in this embodiment of the invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the effective tensile length of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank as a function of air pressure, as described in this embodiment of the invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the change in critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank as a function of air pressure, as described in this embodiment of the invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the change in critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank as a function of the friction coefficient, as described in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] This embodiment provides a design method for the steel plate cushion layer of a compressed air storage tank.

[0034] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0035] See Figure 1 The figure shows that the method includes steps S100 to S600.

[0036] Step S100: Obtain basic data of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank. The basic data includes: the width of the rubber sealing layer, the thickness of the rubber sealing layer, the friction coefficient between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad, and the air pressure inside the storage tank.

[0037] Specifically, the basic data needs to be accurately collected focusing on the key factors of the "compression-induced tensile cracking" effect. The width of the rubber sealing layer, combined with the cross-sectional dimensions of the gas storage chamber, is measured at multiple points using a laser rangefinder, and the average value is obtained. The thickness, balancing sealing performance and mechanical stability, is measured at more than 20 points using an ultrasonic thickness gauge. The friction coefficient is obtained through interface friction tests simulating actual working conditions. Rubber and steel plate samples are bonded under actual pressure, and the results are tested and calculated using a tensile testing machine, covering both dry and humid environments. The air pressure of the gas storage chamber is referenced from the power plant design parameters, covering normal and peak operating conditions of 5-20 MPa. Strict control over the extraction of basic data is crucial to reduce errors in core parameters, avoid the limitations of single measurements, and provide accurate and comprehensive input data for subsequent mechanical modeling, preventing deviations in optimization direction caused by coarse data in traditional designs.

[0038] Step S200: Based on the basic data, perform modeling processing. Through the compressive tensile cracking effect of the rubber sealing layer, model the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad layer to obtain the first mechanical model.

[0039] Understandably, the first mechanical model aims to accurately replicate the physical mechanism of "compression-induced tensile cracking," making reasonable simplifications based on engineering stress characteristics: the rubber is a homogeneous, isotropic, incompressible hyperelastic body; the steel plate cushion is a rigid body; the interface obeys Coulomb's law of friction; and the frictional resistance is uniformly distributed within the effective tensile length. The model fully simulates four physical steps: applying uniform normal air pressure, limiting tangential tension through contact constraints, setting micro-gaps to simulate uneven deformation caused by construction defects, and refining the mesh to focus on the strain distribution at the rubber edge. After model construction, validation is required, parameters are adjusted to ensure stable results, and accuracy is verified by comparison with theoretical calculations. The model calculation breaks through the limitations of traditional models that simulate only single forces, accurately capturing key responses such as tangential tensile constraints and strain concentration, solving the bottleneck of traditional design's inability to replicate actual failure mechanisms, and providing a high-fidelity mechanical basis for subsequent analysis.

[0040] Step S300: Collect the parameters of the rubber sealing layer according to the first mechanical model, and model the rubber sealing layer using the parameters to obtain the second mechanical model;

[0041] Specifically, the collected parameters include the rubber material, the steel plate pad material, the friction coefficient between the rubber and the steel plate, and the effective tensile length of the rubber. These parameters are then used to model the rubber sealing layer, achieving a leap from "ideal working condition simulation" to "actual working condition replication." This allows for a sensitive response to mechanical changes in material properties and defect levels, providing precise mechanical basis for mathematical modeling.

[0042] Step S400: Based on the second mechanical model, mathematical modeling of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer is performed. The basic data is substituted to analyze the strain concentration in the region and construct a mathematical model of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer.

[0043] Understandably, based on the mechanical response of the second mechanical model, the horizontal force equilibrium equation of the micro-element is first constructed to clarify the mechanical relationship between parameters such as tangential tensile stress, width, and thickness. Then, the effective tensile length formula is derived, and the critical tensile elongation is defined in conjunction with the elongation at break, achieving a direct correlation with the basic parameters. This breaks through the limitations of traditional empirical judgment, upgrading tensile performance analysis from "qualitative description" to "quantitative calculation," intuitively quantifying the influence of parameters and solving the problem of the lack of quantitative basis in traditional design optimization measures.

[0044] Step S500: Construct a tensile model of the rubber sealing layer based on the mathematical model of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer and perform simulation calculations to obtain a data set of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer. The data set includes the effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer under different conditions.

[0045] Specifically, multi-condition simulations were conducted based on the elongation mathematical model to output the effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation. The calculation results verified the influence of compressed air load and quantified friction coefficient on the tensile properties of rubber, revealed the failure mechanism of the rubber sealing layer, and exposed the inherent laws of core parameters. This clarified priorities for optimization design, avoided the waste of resources caused by blind attempts, and significantly improved optimization efficiency and targeting.

[0046] Step S600: Optimize the interface roughness between rubber and steel plate, rubber material and rubber shape structure based on the data set to obtain the final design scheme of rubber sealing layer for compressed air storage.

[0047] Specifically, based on the dataset, multi-dimensional optimization was carried out on the interface roughness between rubber and steel plates, rubber materials, and rubber shape structure: interface optimization involved mirror polishing of the steel plate, bonding of PTFE films, and strict construction cleaning; material optimization involved co-vulcanization of low-friction composite thin layers, adjusting the formula to improve tensile properties, and surface silicon / fluorine infiltration treatment; structural optimization involved setting initial sliding gaps and adopting wedge / lipped structures or "sandwich" composite laminate structures. The core solution summarized minimizes interfacial frictional resistance, fundamentally avoiding "compression-induced tensile cracking" damage to the rubber sealing layer, providing crucial support for the large-scale promotion of compressed air energy storage technology.

[0048] Further, step S200 includes steps S210 to S230.

[0049] Step S210: Based on the air pressure in the gas storage tank in the basic data, the air pressure effect of the rubber layer is mapped to obtain the normal pressure effect of the rubber layer.

[0050] Step S220: Based on the pressure effect of the normal pressure of the rubber layer on the rubber layer, a Coulomb friction force is generated between the bottom surface of the rubber layer and the steel plate pad, and the frictional resistance between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad is obtained.

[0051] Step S230: Based on the effects of normal pressure and frictional resistance, model the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad to obtain the first mechanical model.

[0052] Specifically, based on the air pressure inside the gas storage tank in the basic data, the air pressure effect of the rubber layer is mapped to obtain the normal pressure effect of the rubber layer; based on the pressure effect of the normal pressure of the rubber layer on the rubber layer, a Coulomb friction force is generated between the bottom surface of the rubber layer and the steel plate pad, and the frictional resistance between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad is obtained.

[0053] The rubber sealing layer primarily bears normal compressive stress under internal air pressure. Rubber possesses good tensile properties, therefore circumferential stretching will not cause it to crack. However, its mechanical behavior fundamentally changes when considering the strong frictional constraint between it and the rigid steel plate pad. For example... Figure 3 As shown, when the gas storage tank is filled and pressurized, the gas pressure σ n The force acts on the surface of the rubber layer, generating a large Coulomb frictional force τ between the bottom surface of the rubber layer and the steel plate, which will restrict the free tensile deformation of the rubber plate.

[0054] The compressive tensile cracking effect of rubber sealing layer refers to the effect where, under normal air pressure, the frictional resistance between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad restricts the tangential free stretching of the rubber, resulting in a reduction in the effective tensile length of the rubber sealing layer caused by tangential tension, and the rubber sealing layer exhibits a small amount of tensile cracking failure.

[0055] The process of compressive tensile cracking can be broken down into four key steps:

[0056] (1) Air pressure: High-pressure air σ in the gas storage tank n Apply uniform normal pressure to the rubber layer;

[0057] (2) Friction constraint: The frictional resistance between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad restricts the tangential free stretching of the rubber;

[0058] (3) Tangential Tensile Force: During the installation of the steel plate and rubber sealing layer, gaps inevitably occur between the concrete lining and the steel plate cushion, and between the steel plate cushion and the rubber sealing layer. During the construction of shotcrete and cast-in-place concrete lining, voids and other construction defects are also prone to occur between the shotcrete and the cast-in-place concrete, and between the shotcrete and the surrounding rock. These defects, under air load, will cause uneven deformation, thereby generating an additional tangential tensile force σ on the rubber sealing layer. t This causes the rubber to stretch;

[0059] (4) Strain Concentration: The frictional resistance between the rubber and the steel plate means that only a limited area near the free edge (i.e., the effective tensile length) can deform freely, resulting in a high degree of strain concentration. Therefore, even if the absolute tensile amount of the entire sealing layer is much less than the nominal elongation at break of the rubber material, the local deformation in the concentrated strain zone has reached its limit, triggering early tensile cracking.

[0060] Based on the effects of normal pressure and frictional resistance, the rubber sealing layer and steel plate pad are modeled: the rubber sealing layer is defined as a homogeneous, isotropic, incompressible hyperelastic body, and the steel plate pad is defined as a rigid body. Simulation of construction gap defects is also introduced. This achieves accurate modeling of the high rubber-steel plate, clarifies the quantitative relationship between frictional resistance and normal pressure, and can accurately reproduce the coupling effect of "normal pressure-tangential friction", providing a precise mechanical platform for subsequent analysis of compressive tensile cracking effects.

[0061] Further, step S300 includes steps S310 to S330.

[0062] Step S310: Collect data on the rubber material, steel plate pad material, friction coefficient between rubber and steel plate, and effective tensile length of rubber according to the first mechanical model to obtain a set of rubber sealing layer parameters;

[0063] Step S320: Quantitative modeling is performed based on the set of parameters of the rubber sealing layer, and the compressive cracking effect is quantitatively analyzed to obtain the mathematical model of the rubber sealing layer.

[0064] Step S330: Model the rubber sealing layer according to the mathematical model, and construct a second mechanical model by substituting the tangential tensile stress of the rubber sealing layer and the set of parameters of the rubber sealing layer.

[0065] Specifically, core rubber parameters are obtained through material testing, the coefficient of friction is determined through reciprocating friction tests (covering untreated and lubricated conditions), the deformation process is observed using a laser displacement sensor, and the effective tensile length is defined. A complete dataset containing material properties, interface parameters, geometric parameters, and test standards is formed. Based on the principle of horizontal force balance of micro-elements, the above data is substituted to obtain the horizontal force balance equation of the rubber sealing layer micro-elements:

[0066] σ t ·w·t=σ n ·w·L e ·μ

[0067] Where, σ t σ is the tangential tensile stress of the rubber sealing layer; w is the width of the rubber sealing layer; t is the thickness of the rubber sealing layer; n L is the air pressure inside the gas storage tank. e The effective tensile length of the rubber sealing layer is denoted by μ, and the friction coefficient between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad is denoted by μ. This model can accurately calculate the stress gradient of the rubber layer along its length, realize the quantitative analysis of the compressive tensile cracking effect, solve the problem that traditional models cannot quantify stress distribution, establish the quantitative mathematical relationship of the compressive tensile cracking effect, and provide a scientific tool for subsequent parameter optimization.

[0068] Further, step S400 includes steps S410 to S430.

[0069] Step S410: Perform tensile quantification of the rubber sealing layer according to the second mechanical model. By substituting the friction coefficient between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad, the air pressure in the gas storage tank, and the thickness of the rubber sealing layer, perform parameter analysis on the effective tensile length of the rubber sealing layer to obtain the mathematical model of the effective tensile length.

[0070] Step S420: Based on the effective tensile length mathematical model, the coefficients are derived, and the critical tensile elongation mathematical model is obtained by analyzing the strain concentration in the region.

[0071] Step S430: Based on the effective tensile length mathematical model and the critical tensile elongation mathematical model, perform mathematical derivation processing, integrate the effective tensile length mathematical model and the critical tensile elongation mathematical model, and construct the rubber sealing layer elongation mathematical model.

[0072] Specifically, the effective stretch length L e Defined as the length of the actual tensile deformation zone. When the tensile stress at a point is sufficient to cause the cumulative deformation from that point to the edge to reach a critical state, the area within that point can be considered "locked" by friction. Based on the horizontal force balance equation of the rubber sealing layer's infinitesimal element, the effective tensile length L of the rubber sealing layer can be obtained. e for:

[0073]

[0074] Where, σ rt σ is the tensile strength of the rubber sealing layer; t is the thickness of the rubber sealing layer; μ is the coefficient of friction between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad; σ n The air pressure inside the gas storage tank is given; considering that strain concentration occurs at the effective tensile length L. e Within the region, we obtain:

[0075]

[0076] Where, ε max For the maximum local strain, ΔL is the tensile elongation; L e The effective tensile length; this model reveals the critical tensile elongation ΔL. max With effective stretch length L e The synchronous variation pattern provides a quantitative basis for determining the critical state of rubber tensile cracking. Therefore, the critical tensile elongation ΔL max for:

[0077] ΔL max =L e ·ε c

[0078] Where, εc Elongation at break; when the maximum local strain ε in the edge region of the rubber layer... max To achieve its elongation at break ε c At that time, the rubber cracked.

[0079] The effective tensile length L of the rubber sealing layer e and critical tensile elongation ΔL max After integration, we get:

[0080]

[0081] Where, ε c Elongation at break; σ n The air pressure inside the gas storage tank is used to derive a mathematical model for the elongation of the rubber sealing layer by integrating the formulas.

[0082] This step transforms the qualitative judgment of rubber tearing into a quantitative calculation, providing a clear threshold basis for predicting the failure risk of the sealing layer. Based on the effective tensile length and critical tearing elongation model, a mathematical model of elongation covering mechanical parameters, structural parameters and material properties (elongation at break) is formed, enabling accurate prediction of the tensile state and tearing risk of the rubber sealing layer under high pressure, and providing scientific support for the optimized design of the sealing layer structure and parameter selection.

[0083] Step 510: Set the parameters of the rubber sealing layer according to the mathematical model of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer, and simulate the tensile strength, elongation at break, thickness and friction coefficient with the steel plate of the rubber sealing layer to construct the tensile model of the rubber sealing layer.

[0084] Step 520: Map the parameters of the rubber sealing layer according to the tensile model of the rubber sealing layer, calculate the effective tensile length under different compressed air loads and different friction coefficients, and obtain the effective tensile length of the rubber sealing layer under different conditions.

[0085] Step S530: Based on the tensile model of the rubber sealing layer and the compressive tensile cracking effect mechanism, the critical tensile elongation under different compressed air loads and different friction coefficients is calculated to obtain the critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer under different conditions.

[0086] Specifically, assuming the tensile strength of the rubber sealing layer is 15 MPa, the elongation at break is 250%, the rubber layer thickness is 2.5 mm, and the coefficient of friction between the rubber and the steel plate is 0.8, then according to the formula...

[0087]

[0088] as well as

[0089]

[0090] The effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer under ultimate tensile conditions can be calculated, as shown in Table 1. The calculation results show that both the effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer decrease rapidly in an inverse proportional function with air pressure, as shown in Table 1. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown in the figure, when the air pressure load is 5 MPa, the effective tensile length of the rubber sealing layer is 9.38 mm, and the critical tensile elongation is 23.4 mm; when the air pressure load is 10 MPa, the effective tensile length of the rubber sealing layer is 4.69 mm, and the critical tensile elongation is 11.7 mm; when the air pressure load is 18 MPa, the effective tensile length of the rubber sealing layer is 2.6 mm, and the critical tensile elongation is 6.5 mm. These calculation results reveal the failure mechanism of the rubber sealing layer. The high-pressure air load causes a significant increase in the interfacial friction between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad, and greatly restricts the effective deformation zone, resulting in a high concentration of strain in a narrow area. The local strain has also reached the fracture limit, thus leading to rubber tensile cracking.

[0091] Table 1: Effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation of rubber sealing layer under ultimate tensile condition

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] To fundamentally suppress the "compression-induced tensile cracking" effect, the core design principle must be to maximize the effective tensile length L. e According to the formula:

[0095]

[0096] It is evident that the most effective approach is to significantly reduce the coefficient of friction μ between the rubber and the steel plate. According to the formula:

[0097]

[0098] as well as

[0099]

[0100] The effects of different friction coefficients on the effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer can be calculated, as shown in Table 2. The calculation results show that both the effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer decrease rapidly in an inverse proportional function with the friction coefficient, as shown in Table 2. Figure 6As shown, when the friction coefficient decreases to 0.8, under a 5MPa air pressure load, the effective tensile length of the rubber sealing layer is 9.38mm, and the critical tensile elongation is 23.4mm; when the friction coefficient decreases to 0.5, the effective tensile length of the rubber sealing layer is 15mm, and the critical tensile elongation is 37.5mm; when the friction coefficient decreases to 0.1, the effective tensile length of the rubber sealing layer is 75mm, and the critical tensile elongation is 187.5mm. A full-condition parameter database is established to clarify the influence of key parameters, providing a quantitative basis for the formulation of optimization schemes and avoiding cost waste caused by blind experiments.

[0101] Table 2: Variation of effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation of rubber sealing layer with coefficient of friction

[0102]

[0103] Further, step 600 includes steps S610 to S630.

[0104] Step S610: Based on the data set of effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation, perform optimization modeling of the rubber sealing layer to obtain an optimized model set;

[0105] Step S620: Perform simulation based on the set of optimization models to obtain simulation results, analyze the simulation results, establish optimization measures for introducing an intermediate layer between rubber and steel plate, optimization measures for the surface of rubber / steel plate materials, and optimization measures for the shape and structure of rubber, and integrate them to obtain a set of optimization measures;

[0106] Step S630: Based on the set of combined optimization measures, the construction and installation processes are screened and processed to obtain the final design scheme of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank.

[0107] Specifically, based on the effective stretch length L obtained in step 430 e and critical tensile elongation ΔL max Core data, combined with actual operating parameters of the gas storage facility, is supplemented with rubber material performance parameters (elongation at break ε). c ), interface characteristic parameters (friction coefficient μ), construct a dataset; optimize modeling is performed for three major optimization directions: interface characteristics, material properties, and structural morphology.

[0108] (1) Interface optimization model: using intermediate layer material and intermediate layer coating material as variables, and relating them to L e With ΔL max The changing pattern;

[0109] (2) Material surface model: The surface roughness of the steel plate pad and the surface material of the rubber sealing layer are used as variables to simulate the effect of adjusting the interface friction coefficient μ on tensile deformation;

[0110] (3) Structural morphology model: Using the geometry and composite structure of the rubber sealing layer as variables, the optimization effect of strain concentration areas is analyzed;

[0111] Finally, an optimization model set covering different optimization directions and parameter combinations was formed, and the core optimization objectives of each model were clarified (reducing effective tensile length, increasing critical tensile elongation, and uniform strain distribution).

[0112] Based on the compliance model, the core optimization logic is deduced, resulting in the following optimization measures:

[0113] Interfacial lubrication and isolation measures, the core of which is to introduce a low-friction intermediate layer between the rubber and the steel plate:

[0114] (1) Use solid lubricant sheets / films

[0115] Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film: PTFE has an extremely low coefficient of friction (as low as 0.04-0.1 in static conditions), good chemical stability, and is non-adhesive. PTFE film can be pre-attached to the surface of the steel plate pad, or placed as a separate film between the rubber and the steel plate.

[0116] Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) film: It also has excellent abrasion resistance and low coefficient of friction, making it a good alternative to PTFE.

[0117] Graphite foil or molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) coating: These solid lubricants can be made into foils or sprayed directly onto the surface of steel plates, forming a stable lubricating film under high pressure.

[0118] (2) Apply lubricating grease or low-friction coating

[0119] High-performance silicone grease: Offers a wide temperature range, excellent water resistance and chemical inertness, and will not corrode rubber or steel. Apply to the surface of the steel plate or the back of the rubber before installation.

[0120] Fluorine grease: More resistant to high pressure and chemical corrosion than silicone grease, with a longer lubrication life, and is especially suitable for extreme working conditions.

[0121] Permanent low-friction coating: Surface treatment of steel plate surfaces, such as spraying polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating, fluorocarbon coating, or wear-resistant coating, to form a strong, low-friction surface layer.

[0122] Material surface modification measures reduce friction by altering the surface properties of the rubber or steel plate itself.

[0123] (1) Treat the surface of the steel plate pad layer

[0124] Surface polishing: Polishing the contact surfaces of the steel plates to a mirror finish significantly reduces surface roughness, thereby reducing the mechanical interlocking effect.

[0125] Electroplating or electroless plating: Plating a layer of hard chromium or nickel not only provides a smooth surface but also enhances corrosion resistance.

[0126] Surface modification technology: Using techniques such as plasma treatment and ion implantation, the crystal structure and energy of the surface material of the steel plate are changed to obtain a lower coefficient of friction.

[0127] (2) Modify the surface of the rubber sealing layer

[0128] A layer of low-friction material is vulcanized on the surface: On the back of the rubber sealing layer, a layer of low-friction material, such as silicone rubber or a thin layer of rubber containing lubricating fillers such as PTFE and silicone oil, is bonded together through a co-vulcanization process.

[0129] Surface finishing treatment: Optimize the mold and vulcanization process to ensure that the side of the rubber in contact with the steel plate has the smoothest possible surface.

[0130] Surface silicon / fluorine infiltration treatment: Silicon or fluorine elements are introduced into the rubber surface through special chemical or physical methods to form a thin layer with low surface energy.

[0131] Structural and design optimization measures, these methods, from a mechanical design perspective, aim to reduce or avoid adverse frictional effects:

[0132] (1) Optimize the geometry of the rubber sealing layer

[0133] Setting an initial sliding gap: During the design phase, a small gap is intentionally created between the rubber layer and the steel plate when not under pressure. Initially, the rubber expands radially to fill this gap; this process involves low-friction or frictionless movement. Frictional resistance is generated only after contact with the steel plate. This effectively increases the "effective tensile length."

[0134] Employing a wedge-shaped or lipped structure: altering the angle of the contact surface so that under pressure, some of the frictional force is converted into a normal force that aids in sealing, rather than being entirely used to impede tangential deformation.

[0135] (2) A composite laminate structure is adopted.

[0136] A "sandwich" structure sealing layer is designed, in which the middle main part provides elastic sealing and pressure resistance, while the outermost layer in contact with the steel plate is a specially designed, low-modulus, low-friction flexible slip layer. This slip layer can undergo large shear deformation, thereby absorbing most of the displacement and protecting the main sealing layer from excessive tensile stress.

[0137] The above optimization measures have been integrated, as shown in Table 3:

[0138] Table 3 Summary of Measures and Recommendations for Selection

[0139]

[0140] Based on the table, the construction and installation processes were screened to obtain the final design scheme for the rubber sealing layer of the underground high-pressure air storage tank of the compressed air energy storage power station:

[0141] (1) Standard cleaning procedure: Before installation, the steel plate and rubber surface must be thoroughly cleaned to ensure that there is no dust, sand, oil or any other impurities that may increase friction or damage the surface.

[0142] (2) Use a special interface agent: During installation, use the interface lubricant recommended by the manufacturer that is compatible with both rubber and steel plates. This will not only help with installation but also reduce friction during long-term operation.

[0143] For high-reliability and long-life projects like the high-pressure gas storage facility in compressed air energy storage power stations, the most recommended solution is "PTFE film bonding" as the core solution, supplemented by "steel plate surface polishing" and "strict construction cleaning specifications." This combined approach is technically reliable and economically feasible, minimizing interfacial friction and fundamentally preventing "compression-induced tensile cracking" damage to the rubber sealing layer.

[0144] Example 2:

[0145] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a deformation design system for the rubber sealing layer of a compressed air storage tank. The system includes:

[0146] The acquisition module 101 is used to acquire basic data of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank. The basic data includes: the width of the rubber sealing layer, the thickness of the rubber sealing layer, the friction coefficient between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad, and the air pressure in the storage tank.

[0147] The simulation module 102 is used to perform modeling processing based on the basic data. By using the compressive tensile cracking effect of the rubber sealing layer, the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad layer are modeled to obtain the first mechanical model.

[0148] The acquisition module 103 is used to acquire the parameters of the rubber sealing layer in the first mechanical model, and to model the rubber sealing layer using the parameters to obtain the second mechanical model.

[0149] Module 104 is used to mathematically model the elongation of the rubber sealing layer according to the second mechanical model. By substituting the basic data, maximum local strain and elongation at break, a mathematical model of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer is constructed.

[0150] The calculation module 105 is used to construct a tensile model of the rubber sealing layer based on the mathematical model, perform calculation processing on the model, and obtain a data set of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer. The data set includes the effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer under different conditions.

[0151] The output module 106 is used to obtain the final design scheme of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank by optimizing the rubber interface, rubber material and rubber structure based on the data set of the effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer.

[0152] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the simulation module 102 includes:

[0153] The first simulation unit is used to map the air pressure effect of the rubber layer based on the air pressure in the gas storage tank in the basic data, so as to obtain the normal pressure effect of the rubber layer.

[0154] The second simulation unit is used to generate Coulomb friction between the bottom surface of the rubber layer and the steel plate pad layer based on the pressure effect of the normal pressure of the rubber layer on the rubber layer, so as to obtain the frictional resistance between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad layer.

[0155] The third simulation unit is used to model the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad layer based on the effects of the normal pressure and frictional resistance, and obtain the first mechanical model.

[0156] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the acquisition module 103 includes:

[0157] The first data acquisition unit is used to acquire data on the rubber material, the steel plate pad material, the friction coefficient between the rubber and the steel plate, and the effective tensile length of the rubber according to the first mechanical model, so as to obtain a set of rubber sealing layer parameters.

[0158] The second acquisition unit is used to perform mathematical modeling based on the set of parameters of the rubber sealing layer, to quantitatively analyze the compressive cracking effect, and to obtain the mathematical model of the rubber sealing layer.

[0159] The third acquisition unit is used to perform modeling based on the mathematical model of the rubber sealing layer. By substituting the tangential tensile stress and parameter set of the rubber sealing layer, a second mechanical model is constructed.

[0160] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the construction module 104 includes:

[0161] The first building unit is used to perform tensile quantification of the rubber sealing layer according to the second mechanical model. By substituting the friction coefficient between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad, the air pressure in the gas storage tank and the thickness of the rubber sealing layer, the effective tensile length of the rubber sealing layer is analyzed by parameters to obtain the mathematical model of the effective tensile length.

[0162] The second building unit is used to derive coefficients based on the effective tensile length mathematical model and obtain the critical tensile elongation mathematical model by analyzing the strain concentration in the region.

[0163] The third building unit is used to perform mathematical derivation based on the effective tensile length mathematical model and the critical tensile elongation mathematical model, and to integrate the effective tensile length mathematical model and the critical tensile elongation mathematical model to construct a mathematical model of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer.

Claims

1. A method for designing the rubber sealing layer of a compressed air storage tank, characterized in that, include: Obtain basic data of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank. The basic data includes: the width of the rubber sealing layer, the thickness of the rubber sealing layer, the coefficient of friction between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad, and the air pressure inside the storage tank. Based on the aforementioned basic data, a modeling process is performed. By utilizing the compressive tensile cracking effect of the rubber sealing layer, the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad are modeled to obtain the first mechanical model. Based on the first mechanical model, the parameters of the rubber sealing layer are collected, and the rubber sealing layer is modeled and processed using the parameters to obtain the second mechanical model. Based on the second mechanical model, the elongation of the rubber sealing layer is mathematically modeled, and the strain concentration in the region is analyzed by substituting the basic data to construct a mathematical model of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer. Based on the mathematical model of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer, a tensile model of the rubber sealing layer is constructed for simulation calculation to obtain a data set of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer. The data set includes the effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer under different conditions. Based on the data set, the interface roughness between rubber and steel plate, rubber material and rubber shape structure are optimized to obtain the final design scheme of rubber sealing layer of compressed air storage.

2. The design method for the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, Modeling is performed based on the aforementioned basic data, including: Based on the air pressure in the gas storage tank from the basic data, the air pressure effect of the rubber layer is mapped to obtain the normal pressure effect of the rubber layer. Based on the normal pressure of the rubber layer on the pressure effect of the rubber layer, a Coulomb friction force is generated between the bottom surface of the rubber layer and the steel plate pad, and the frictional resistance between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad is obtained. Based on the effects of normal pressure and frictional resistance, the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad are modeled to obtain the first mechanical model.

3. The design method for the rubber sealing layer of a compressed air storage tank according to claim 2, characterized in that, The parameters of the rubber sealing layer were collected based on the first mechanical model, including: Based on the first mechanical model, the parameters of the rubber sealing layer are collected for the rubber material, the steel plate pad material, the friction coefficient between the rubber and the steel plate, and the effective tensile length of the rubber. Based on the set of parameters of the rubber sealing layer, quantitative modeling is performed to quantitatively analyze the compressive tensile cracking effect and obtain a mathematical model of the rubber sealing layer. The modeling process is carried out based on the mathematical model of the rubber sealing layer. By substituting the tangential tensile stress of the rubber sealing layer and the set of parameters of the rubber sealing layer, a second mechanical model is constructed.

4. The design method for the rubber sealing layer of a compressed air storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, Mathematical modeling of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer is performed based on the second mechanical model, including: Based on the second mechanical model, the rubber sealing layer is subjected to tensile quantification. By substituting the friction coefficient between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad, the air pressure in the gas storage tank and the thickness of the rubber sealing layer, the effective tensile length of the rubber sealing layer is parametrically analyzed to obtain the mathematical model of the effective tensile length. Based on the effective tensile length mathematical model, coefficients are derived, and by analyzing the strain concentration within the region, a critical tensile elongation mathematical model is obtained. Based on the mathematical derivation of the effective tensile length mathematical model and the critical tensile elongation mathematical model, the effective tensile length mathematical model and the critical tensile elongation mathematical model are integrated to construct a mathematical model for the elongation of the rubber sealing layer.

5. The design method for the rubber sealing layer of a compressed air storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the mathematical model of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer, a tensile model of the rubber sealing layer is constructed, including: Based on the mathematical model of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer, the parameters of the rubber sealing layer are set, and the tensile strength, elongation at break, thickness and friction coefficient with the steel plate of the rubber sealing layer are simulated to construct the tensile model of the rubber sealing layer. Based on the tensile model of the rubber sealing layer, the parameters of the rubber sealing layer are mapped, and the effective tensile lengths under different compressed air loads and different friction coefficients are calculated to obtain the effective tensile lengths of the rubber sealing layer under different conditions. Based on the tensile model of the rubber sealing layer and the mechanism of compressive tensile cracking, the critical tensile elongation under different compressed air loads and different friction coefficients is calculated to obtain the critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer under different conditions. The effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer under different conditions are processed to obtain a set of rubber sealing layer elongation data under different compressed air loads and different friction coefficients.

6. The design method for the rubber sealing layer of a compressed air storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the data set of effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation, the final design scheme of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank is obtained, including: Based on the data set of effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation, the rubber sealing layer is optimized and modeled to obtain an optimized model set. Simulation results were obtained by performing simulations based on the set of optimization models. The simulation results were analyzed, and optimization measures for introducing an intermediate layer between rubber and steel plate, optimization measures for the surface of rubber / steel plate materials, and optimization measures for the shape and structure of rubber were established and integrated to obtain a set of optimization measures. Based on the set of combined optimization measures, the construction and installation processes were screened and processed to obtain the final design scheme of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank.

7. A compressed air storage tank rubber sealing layer design system, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire basic data of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank. The basic data includes: the width of the rubber sealing layer, the thickness of the rubber sealing layer, the friction coefficient between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad, and the air pressure inside the storage tank. The simulation module is used to perform modeling processing based on the basic data. By using the compressive tensile cracking effect of the rubber sealing layer, the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad layer are modeled to obtain the first mechanical model. The acquisition module is used to acquire the parameters of the rubber sealing layer in the first mechanical model, and to model the rubber sealing layer using the parameters to obtain the second mechanical model. The module is used to mathematically model the elongation of the rubber sealing layer based on the second mechanical model. By substituting the basic data, maximum local strain and elongation at break, a mathematical model of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer is constructed. The calculation module is used to construct a tensile model of the rubber sealing layer based on the mathematical model, perform calculations on the model, and obtain a data set of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer. The set includes the effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer under different conditions. The output module is used to obtain the final design scheme of the rubber sealing layer of the compressed air storage tank by optimizing the rubber interface, rubber material and rubber structure based on the data set of the effective tensile length and critical tensile elongation of the rubber sealing layer.

8. The compressed air storage tank rubber sealing layer design system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The simulation module includes: The first simulation unit is used to map the air pressure effect of the rubber layer based on the air pressure in the gas storage tank in the basic data, so as to obtain the normal pressure effect of the rubber layer. The second simulation unit is used to generate Coulomb friction between the bottom surface of the rubber layer and the steel plate pad layer based on the pressure effect of the normal pressure of the rubber layer on the rubber layer, so as to obtain the frictional resistance between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad layer. The third simulation unit is used to model the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad layer based on the effects of the normal pressure and frictional resistance, and obtain the first mechanical model.

9. The compressed air storage tank rubber sealing layer design system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The acquisition module includes: The first data acquisition unit is used to acquire data on the rubber material, the steel plate pad material, the friction coefficient between the rubber and the steel plate, and the effective tensile length of the rubber according to the first mechanical model, so as to obtain a set of rubber sealing layer parameters. The second acquisition unit is used to perform mathematical modeling based on the set of parameters of the rubber sealing layer, to quantitatively analyze the compressive cracking effect, and to obtain the mathematical model of the rubber sealing layer. The third acquisition unit is used to perform modeling based on the mathematical model of the rubber sealing layer. By substituting the tangential tensile stress and parameter set of the rubber sealing layer, a second mechanical model is constructed.

10. The compressed air storage tank rubber sealing layer design system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The building module includes: The first building unit is used to perform tensile quantification of the rubber sealing layer according to the second mechanical model. By substituting the friction coefficient between the rubber sealing layer and the steel plate pad, the air pressure in the gas storage tank and the thickness of the rubber sealing layer, the effective tensile length of the rubber sealing layer is analyzed by parameters to obtain the mathematical model of the effective tensile length. The second building unit is used to derive coefficients based on the effective tensile length mathematical model and obtain the critical tensile elongation mathematical model by analyzing the strain concentration in the region. The third building unit is used to perform mathematical derivation based on the effective tensile length mathematical model and the critical tensile elongation mathematical model, and to integrate the effective tensile length mathematical model and the critical tensile elongation mathematical model to construct a mathematical model of the elongation of the rubber sealing layer.

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