Battery pack multi-mode heat dissipation device based on air cooling and liquid cooling

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery thermal management, and particularly discloses a battery pack multi-mode heat dissipation device based on air cooling and liquid cooling, the battery pack multi-mode heat dissipation device comprises a protection shell and at least two battery modules, a first cavity is arranged in the protection shell, the battery modules are arranged in the first cavity in parallel and at intervals, and second cavities are arranged in the battery modules; a plurality of battery cells are arranged in the second cavity at intervals, the battery cells are arranged in a line shape, air outlets and air inlets are formed in the two ends of the protective shell respectively, a group of air inlets and air outlets are correspondingly formed in the interval of each battery module, and under the cooling of air cooling, generated heat is discharged in time, normal work of other battery modules cannot be influenced, and the service life of the battery modules is prolonged. The module is isolated from other battery modules, and the service life and the charging and discharging efficiency of other battery cells are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery thermal management technology, and in particular to a multi-mode heat dissipation device for battery packs based on air cooling and liquid cooling. Background Technology

[0002] Heat dissipation devices are core components that ensure the safety and economy of battery pack charging, discharging, storage, and operation. They regulate battery temperature and optimize temperature distribution through active or passive temperature control technologies. Their core functions include precise temperature control, uniform temperature control, and thermal safety protection. In the field of energy storage batteries, especially electric vehicles, if local hot spots in the battery pack cannot be dealt with in time, it can easily lead to capacity decay, shortened lifespan, and increased replacement costs.

[0003] Currently, battery pack cooling mainly employs three methods: air cooling, liquid cooling, and heat pipe cooling. Air cooling uses natural wind or forced airflow (such as a fan) to directly remove the heat generated by the battery pack. It relies on air convection for heat exchange, has a simple structure, and typically requires no additional medium. Liquid cooling utilizes a coolant (such as a mixture of water or ethylene glycol) circulating in channels within the battery pack. After absorbing heat, it dissipates the heat to the outside through a radiator. The coolant has a high specific heat capacity, enabling more efficient heat transfer, resulting in good heat dissipation, high precision, and support for high-load operation. However, its structure is relatively complex, its cost is high, it requires components such as water pumps and radiators, and it demands certain maintenance of the coolant. Heat pipe cooling rapidly transfers heat through the phase change cycle (evaporation and condensation) of the working fluid inside the heat pipe. Its advantages include fast heat transfer speed and good isothermal properties, but it is costly and has a complex manufacturing process, and its application in new energy vehicles is currently relatively limited.

[0004] During battery discharge, a fault may cause some cells to heat up too quickly. These rapidly heating cells will radiate heat outwards from themselves. Existing heat dissipation devices typically consist of thousands of cells forming a single module, which cannot isolate cells with excessively high temperatures or repair or replace them. This results in all cells in the module being affected by high temperatures, thus impacting the energy output efficiency and lifespan of all cells.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a multi-mode heat dissipation device for battery packs based on air cooling and liquid cooling to limit the radiative heat dissipation range of cells that heat up too quickly and to simplify the maintenance and replacement of cells, thereby improving battery life and charge / discharge efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem that existing heat dissipation devices cannot isolate the radiative heat dissipation of local cells that heat up too quickly, or to repair and replace them individually, thereby affecting the service life and charging and discharging efficiency of all cells. This invention provides a multi-mode heat dissipation device for battery packs based on air cooling and liquid cooling.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is: A multi-mode heat dissipation device for battery packs based on air cooling and liquid cooling includes a protective shell and at least two battery modules. The protective shell has a first cavity, and the battery modules are arranged in parallel and spaced apart in the first cavity. The battery modules have a second cavity inside, and a number of battery cells are arranged in a straight line in the second cavity. The protective shell has an air outlet and an air inlet at both ends, and each battery module has a set of air inlets and outlets at the intervals. The protective shell has a limiting groove corresponding to both ends of the battery module. The battery module is inserted and fixed in the protective shell through the limiting groove. The two ends of the battery module are respectively provided with liquid inlet and liquid outlet. Both liquid inlet and liquid outlet are provided with sealing devices. Both liquid inlet and liquid outlet are connected to the second cavity. The liquid inlet and liquid outlet are respectively connected to the coolant interface in their respective limiting grooves.

[0008] Furthermore, the battery module is trapezoidal and inverted within the protective shell. The first cavity has a cross-section that matches the battery module. The protective shell contains heat dissipation fins perpendicular to the battery module. One end of the heat dissipation fins is located inside the battery module, and the other end is located at the interval of the battery module. The liquid inlet is located at the bottom of one end of the battery module, and the liquid outlet is located at the top of the other end of the battery module. The coolant flows from bottom to top within the trapezoidal battery module. The higher up the module, the larger the volume of the second cavity becomes, and the slower the coolant rises. This provides sufficient time for heat exchange between the coolant and the battery cells, ensuring efficient heat exchange. On the other hand, the heat dissipation fins can contact the coolant, thereby conducting some heat to the first cavity to cool the coolant and further improve its cooling effect.

[0009] Furthermore, annular sealing cavities are provided around both the inlet and outlet. The sealing device includes a sealing head and a sliding sleeve. The sliding sleeve is respectively fitted on the outside of the inlet and outlet and located inside the sealing cavity. The axial section of the sliding sleeve transitions evenly from thick to thin from one end to the other. The sealing head is fixedly connected to the thick end of the sliding sleeve, and a spring is abutted at the thin end of the sliding sleeve. The spring is located at the bottom of the sealing cavity and provides assistance for the sliding sleeve to move axially out of the sealing cavity. A sealing device is required at the connection between the coolant interface and the inlet and outlet to ensure a tight seal. Since this battery module is a plug-in type, the sealing device must provide a seal without hindering the disassembly of the battery module. Therefore, when the battery module is inserted into the protective housing, the sealing head is located outside the inlet and outlet. It first contacts the side wall of the protective housing, which then compresses the sealing head. The sliding sleeve compresses the spring within the sealing cavity, causing it to move axially. The sealing head retracts, exposing the inlet and outlet, thus aligning them with the coolant interface. The sealing head is located between the inlet and the coolant interface, and between the outlet and the coolant interface, serving a sealing function. At the same time, the sliding sleeve, which is thicker at one end and thinner at the other, will block the sealing cavity when it squeezes the spring and moves axially into the sealing cavity, ensuring the sealing effect. When it is necessary to disassemble and replace a battery module, the battery module is pulled out of the protective shell, and the spring pushes the sliding sleeve to move outward, so that the sealing head is reset and wraps the inlet and outlet again, which to a certain extent prevents the leakage of residual coolant in the battery module and ensures the cleanliness of the first cavity.

[0010] Furthermore, one end of the heat dissipation fins is provided with a through hole for coolant to pass through, and the other end of the heat dissipation fins is provided with a through hole for cold air to pass through. The through holes can increase the contact area with cold air and coolant, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect.

[0011] Furthermore, the cells within the battery module are symmetrical about the heat dissipation fins. The top of the cell on the same side of the heat dissipation fins is tilted away from the heat dissipation fins. The end of the heat dissipation fins inside the battery module is a trapezoid with a narrow bottom and a wide top. As coolant enters, the temperature of the coolant increases as it goes higher in the battery module. The space created by the tilted cells allows the heat dissipation fins to achieve a shape that is narrow at the bottom and wide at the top. In addition, the presence of through holes further increases the contact area between the upper heat dissipation fins and the coolant, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency of the heat dissipation fins to the coolant.

[0012] Furthermore, the coolant inlet on the protective shell is surrounded by annular protrusions. The coolant inlet is located inside the protrusions. When the sealing head is connected to the coolant inlet, the protrusions squeeze the sealing head, causing the sliding sleeve to compress the spring and move into the sealing cavity. The annular protrusions can limit the sealing head and prevent it from shifting. At the same time, the protrusions squeezing the sealing head can cause the sliding sleeve to contract inward, ensuring a sealing effect.

[0013] Furthermore, the sealing head is annular with a semi-circular axial section. The battery module has a groove for accommodating and supporting the sealing head. The groove is located outside the sealing cavity and is coaxial with the sealing head. When the sealing head is squeezed by the protective shell, the groove can play a role in shaping and limiting the sealing head, preventing the sealing head from being excessively deformed and reducing the sealing effect.

[0014] Furthermore, a first support frame is provided inside the protective shell. The first support frame is located at the bottom of the battery module and has a first fixing groove. The first support frame is perpendicular to the battery module, and the battery module is inserted into the first fixing groove. A shock-absorbing pad is provided in the first fixing groove. A heat dissipation hole is provided on the first support frame. The first support frame can support the battery module, reduce the contact area between the battery module and the protective shell, increase the contact area between the battery module and the cold air, and improve the heat dissipation effect. At the same time, the heat dissipation hole can also dissipate heat for the first support frame, further improving the heat dissipation effect. The shock-absorbing pad can reduce the vibration of the battery module, reduce the damage to the battery module caused by vibration, and extend the service life of the battery module.

[0015] Furthermore, a second support frame is provided inside the protective shell. The second support frame is located on top of the battery module and has a second fixing groove. The second support frame is perpendicular to the battery module, and the battery module is inserted into the second fixing groove. A shock-absorbing pad is provided in the second fixing groove. The second support frame has heat dissipation holes. Similarly, the second support frame can also support and fix the battery module, reduce the contact area between the battery module and the protective shell, increase the contact area between the battery module and the cold air, and improve the heat dissipation effect. At the same time, the heat dissipation holes can also dissipate heat for the second support frame, further improving the heat dissipation effect. The shock-absorbing pad can reduce the vibration of the battery module, reduce the damage to the battery module caused by vibration, and extend the service life of the battery module. The top of the protective shell is equipped with a cover plate, which is fixedly connected to the protective shell. The cover plate presses and fixes the second support frame and the battery module.

[0016] Furthermore, the protective shell has L-shaped support platforms at both ends, with the coolant inlet located on the vertical end face of the support platform. The battery module has protrusions at both ends that match the support platforms. When the protrusions abut against the support platforms, the battery module is snapped into the first fixing groove. The coolant inlet is positioned on the vertical end face of the L-shaped support platform, making it easier for the inlet and outlet to connect with the coolant inlet respectively. At the same time, when the protrusions abut against the support platform, the coolant inlet also connects with the inlet and outlet. It also provides positioning for the battery module to snap into the first groove on the first support frame, facilitating the installation of the battery module.

[0017] The present invention provides a multi-mode heat dissipation device for battery packs based on air cooling and liquid cooling, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The protective casing contains multiple independent battery modules. Each battery module has a second cavity for liquid cooling, and the first cavity between adjacent battery modules is used for air cooling. When a local cell heats up too quickly due to a fault or other reasons, the battery module containing it can limit the range of heat dissipation radiated by the cell. This local cell is isolated from other battery modules. Even if the battery module heats up too quickly due to the influence of this local cell, the heat generated is dissipated in time under air cooling, without affecting the normal operation of other battery modules. This achieves isolation of this module from other battery modules, ensuring the service life and charging and discharging efficiency of other cells.

[0018] 2. The battery module is fixed inside the protective shell by insertion through the limiting slot, which facilitates the disassembly and replacement of faulty battery modules and improves disassembly efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This invention is three-dimensional. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This invention is three-dimensional. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a top view of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Cross-sectional view at point AA; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 6 This is a combined view of the protective shell, the first support frame, and the second support frame of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the protective shell of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a top view of the protective shell of the present invention; Figure 9 The battery module and sealing device of the present invention are in their respective states. Figure 1 ; Figure 10 The battery module and sealing device of the present invention are in their respective states. Figure 2 ; Figure 11 The battery module and sealing device of the present invention are in their respective states. Figure 3 .

[0020] Reference numerals: 1. Protective shell; 2. Battery module; 3. First cavity; 4. Second cavity; 5. Battery cell; 6. Air inlet; 7. Air outlet; 8. Limiting groove; 9. Liquid inlet; 10. Liquid outlet; 11. Coolant interface; 12. Heat dissipation fins; 13. Sealing cavity; 14. Sealing head; 15. Sliding sleeve; 16. Spring; 17. Through hole; 18. Protrusion; 19. Groove; 20. First support frame; 21. First fixing groove; 22. Shock-absorbing pad; 23. Heat dissipation hole; 24. Second support frame; 25. Second fixing groove; 26. Cover plate; 27. Support platform; 28. Boss. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the technical means, technical features, inventive purpose and technical effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below with reference to specific illustrations.

[0022] Example 1: like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a multi-mode heat dissipation device for battery packs based on air cooling and liquid cooling, including a protective shell 1 and at least two battery modules 2. The number of battery modules 2 is determined by the actual number of battery cells 5 used. Theoretically, the more battery modules 2 there are, the fewer battery cells 5 there are inside each battery module 2, and the fewer normal battery cells 5 are affected by locally faulty battery cells 5. The protective shell 1 has a first cavity 3, and the battery modules 2 are arranged parallel and spaced apart within the first cavity 3. Figure 4 The battery module 2 has a built-in second cavity 4, within which several battery cells 5 are spaced apart and arranged in a straight line. The protective shell 1 has an air outlet 7 and an air inlet 6 at each end. Each battery module 2 has a corresponding set of air inlets 6 and outlets 7 at each interval. The protective shell 1 has limiting grooves 8 at the corresponding ends of the battery modules 2. The battery modules 2 are inserted and fixed within the protective shell 1 through the limiting grooves 8. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The battery module 2 has an inlet 9 and an outlet 10 at each end, and both inlet 9 and outlet 10 are equipped with sealing devices. Both inlet 9 and outlet 10 are connected to the second cavity 4, and are respectively connected to the coolant interface 11 in their respective limiting grooves 8. Preferably, as shown in the figure... Figure 6 A shock-absorbing pad 22 is installed in the second fixing groove 25. The shock-absorbing pad 22 is located between the battery module 2 and the protective shell 1, thereby reducing vibration.

[0023] Preferred, such as Figure 9 The battery module 2 is trapezoidal and inverted within the protective shell 1. The cross-section of the first cavity 3 is a trapezoid that matches the battery module 2, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4The protective shell 1 is provided with heat dissipation fins 12 perpendicular to the battery module 2. One end of the heat dissipation fins 12 is located inside the battery module 2 and welded to it, while the other end of the heat dissipation fins 12 is located at the interval of the battery module 2. The liquid inlet 9 is located at the bottom of one end of the battery module 2, and the liquid outlet 10 is located at the top of the other end of the battery module 2. The coolant flows from bottom to top in the trapezoidal battery module 2. The higher up the battery module 2, the larger the volume of the second cavity 4 becomes, and the slower the coolant rises. This provides sufficient time for the coolant to exchange heat with the battery cell 5, ensuring heat exchange efficiency. On the other hand, the heat dissipation fins 12 can contact the coolant, thereby conducting some heat to the first cavity 3 to cool the coolant and improve the cooling effect of the coolant.

[0024] Preferred, such as Figure 5 and Figure 9 Annular sealing cavities 13 are provided around both the inlet 9 and the outlet 10. The sealing device includes a sealing head 14 and a sliding sleeve 15. The sliding sleeve 15 is respectively fitted on the outside of the inlet 9 and the outlet 10 and located inside the sealing cavity 13. The axial section of the sliding sleeve 15 transitions evenly from thick to thin from one end to the other. The sealing head 14 is fixedly connected to the thick end of the sliding sleeve 15. The thin end of the sliding sleeve 15 abuts against a spring 16. The spring 16 is located at the bottom of the sealing cavity 13 and provides assistance for the sliding sleeve 15 to move axially out of the sealing cavity 13. The inlet 9 and the outlet 10 are both located inside the corresponding sealing head 14. Specifically, if the sealing head 14 and the sliding sleeve 15 are made of the same material, such as rubber or nylon, which are not corroded by coolant, then the sealing head 14 and the sliding sleeve 15 are molded. If the sealing head 14 and the sliding sleeve 15 are made of different materials, then they are glued or fixed with screws.

[0025] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 A sealing device is required at the connection between the coolant interface 11 and the inlet 9 and outlet 10 to ensure a tight seal. Since the battery module 2 is a plug-in type, the sealing device needs to provide a seal without hindering the disassembly of the battery module 2. Therefore, when the battery module 2 is inserted into the protective housing 1, if... Figure 5 and Figure 9 The sealing head 14 is located outside the liquid inlet 9 and the liquid outlet 10. It first contacts the side wall of the protective shell 1. The protective shell 1 squeezes the sealing head 14, as... Figure 5 and Figure 10 The sliding sleeve 15 compresses the spring 16 within the sealed cavity 13, thereby causing axial movement, as... Figure 5 and Figure 11 The sealing head 14 retracts, exposing the inlet 9 and outlet 10, allowing them to connect with the coolant interface 11. The sealing head 14 is located between the inlet 9 and the coolant interface 11, and between the outlet 10 and the coolant interface 11, serving a sealing function. Figure 5and Figure 9 Meanwhile, since the sliding sleeve 15 is thick at one end and thin at the other, when the sliding sleeve 15 compresses the spring 16 and moves axially into the sealing cavity 13, it will block the sealing cavity 13 and ensure the sealing effect. When it is necessary to disassemble and replace a certain battery module 2, the battery module 2 is pulled out from the protective shell 1, the spring 16 pushes the sliding sleeve 15 to move outward, so that the sealing head 14 is reset and wraps the liquid inlet 9 and liquid outlet 10 again, which to a certain extent prevents the leakage of residual coolant in the battery module 2 and ensures the cleanliness of the first cavity 3.

[0026] Preferred, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 One end of the heat dissipation fin 12 is provided with a through hole 17 for coolant to pass through, and the other end of the heat dissipation fin 12 is provided with a through hole 17 for cold air to pass through. The through hole 17 can increase the contact area with cold air and coolant, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect.

[0027] Preferred, such as Figure 4 The battery cell 5 in the battery module 2 is symmetrical about the heat dissipation fins 12. The top of the battery cell 5 on the same side of the heat dissipation fins 12 is inclined away from the heat dissipation fins 12. The end of the heat dissipation fins 12 located in the battery module 2 is a trapezoid with a narrow bottom and a wide top. As the coolant enters, the temperature of the coolant increases as it goes up in the battery module 2. The space freed up by the tilting of the battery cell 5 allows the heat dissipation fins 12 to achieve a shape that is narrow at the bottom and wide at the top. In addition, the presence of the through hole 17 further increases the contact area between the upper heat dissipation fins 12 and the coolant, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency of the heat dissipation fins 12 to the coolant.

[0028] Preferably, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8 The protective shell 1 has an annular protrusion 18 around the coolant inlet 11. The protrusion 18 is welded to the protective shell 1. The coolant inlet 11 is located inside the protrusion 18. When the sealing head 14 is connected to the coolant inlet 11, the protrusion 18 squeezes the sealing head 14, causing the sliding sleeve 15 to compress the spring 16 and move into the sealing cavity 13. The annular protrusion 18 can limit the sealing head 14 and prevent it from shifting. At the same time, the protrusion 18 squeezes the sealing head 14, which can cause the sliding sleeve 15 to contract inward to ensure the sealing effect.

[0029] Preferred, such as Figure 9 The sealing head 14 is annular with a semi-circular axial section. The battery module 2 has a groove 19 for accommodating and supporting the sealing head 14. The groove 19 is located outside the sealing cavity 13 and coaxial with the sealing head 14. When the sealing head 14 is squeezed by the protective shell 1, such as... Figure 11 The groove 19 can shape and limit the sealing head 14, preventing the sealing head 14 from being excessively deformed and reducing the sealing effect.

[0030] Preferred, such as Figure 3A first support frame 20 is welded inside the protective shell 1. The first support frame 20 is located at the bottom of the battery module 2. The first support frame 20 has a first fixing groove 21 and is perpendicular to the battery module 2. The battery module 2 is inserted into the first fixing groove 21. A shock-absorbing pad 22 is provided in the first fixing groove 21. A heat dissipation hole 23 is provided on the first support frame 20. The first support frame 20 can support the battery module 2, reduce the contact area between the battery module 2 and the protective shell 1, increase the contact area between the battery module 2 and the cold air, and improve the heat dissipation effect. At the same time, the heat dissipation hole 23 can also dissipate heat for the first support frame 20, further improving the heat dissipation effect. The shock-absorbing pad 22 can reduce the vibration of the battery module 2, reduce the damage to the battery module 2 caused by vibration, and extend the service life of the battery module 2.

[0031] Preferred, such as Figure 3 A second support frame 24 is welded inside the protective shell 1. The second support frame 24 is located on top of the battery module 2. The second support frame 24 has a second fixing groove 25 and is perpendicular to the battery module 2. The battery module 2 is inserted into the second fixing groove 25. A shock-absorbing pad 22 is provided in the second fixing groove 25. A heat dissipation hole 23 is provided on the second support frame 24. Similarly, the second support frame 24 can also support and fix the battery module 2, reduce the contact area between the battery module 2 and the protective shell 1, increase the contact area between the battery module 2 and the cold air, and improve the heat dissipation effect. At the same time, the heat dissipation hole 23 can also dissipate heat for the second support frame 24, further improving the heat dissipation effect. The shock-absorbing pad 22 can reduce the vibration of the battery module 2, reduce the damage to the battery module 2 caused by vibration, and extend the service life of the battery module 2. The shock-absorbing pad 22 is made of rubber or nylon.

[0032] like Figure 2 The top of the protective shell 1 is provided with a cover plate 26, which is connected to the protective shell 1 with screws. The cover plate 26 presses and fixes the second support frame 24 and the battery module 2.

[0033] Preferred, such as Figure 4 and Figure 9 The protective shell 1 has L-shaped support platforms 27 at both ends. The coolant inlet 11 is located on the vertical end face of the support platform 27. The battery module 2 has protrusions 28 at both ends that match the support platform 27. When the protrusions 28 abut against the support platform 27, the battery module 2 is inserted into the first fixing groove 21. The coolant inlet 11 is set on the vertical end face of the L-shaped support platform 27, which makes it easier for the inlet 9 and outlet 10 to connect with the coolant inlet 11 respectively. At the same time, when the protrusions 28 abut against the support platform 27, the coolant inlet 11 also connects with the inlet 9 and outlet 10. It can also provide positioning for the battery module 2 to be engaged with the first groove 19 on the first support frame 20, which facilitates the installation of the battery module 2.

[0034] It should be noted that the installation of cell 5 in battery module 2 is a relatively mature technology, and cooling cell 5 by liquid cooling is also a relatively mature technology. As for how cell 5 is connected to the circuit in battery module 2 and how to isolate the influence of coolant on the circuit, those skilled in the art can solve this problem themselves through industry technology, and it will not be elaborated here.

[0035] Specifically, the coolant interface 11 is connected to the coolant pump, and is equipped with a corresponding liquid storage tank and a refrigeration unit, while the air inlet 6 is also connected to a fan and other air-cooled equipment. Both air cooling and liquid cooling are well-known technologies. Those skilled in the art can purchase and install a complete set of air-cooled and liquid-cooled equipment on the market. The specific equipment and installation methods of the two will not be described in detail here.

[0036] Specifically, battery module 2 is also equipped with a temperature sensor to detect the temperature of each module, thereby constantly monitoring the temperature rise of battery module 2 and detecting faults in a timely manner.

[0037] During operation, the liquid cooling system is activated, and coolant is introduced into the second cavity 4 of each battery module 2 through the coolant inlet 11 via the inlet 9 to cool the cells 5 inside the battery module 2. At the same time, the heat dissipation fins 12 assist in heat dissipation and help distribute the heat dissipation pressure of the single coolant. Simultaneously, the air cooling system is activated, and cold air is introduced into the first cavity 3 through the air inlet 6 for heat dissipation, preventing the rapid heating of a certain local battery module 2 from affecting other battery modules 2. The first support frame 20 and the second support frame 24 reduce the contact area between the battery module 2 and the protective shell 1, indirectly and directly increasing the contact area between the battery module 2 and the cold air, thus improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the air cooling system. When it is necessary to replace a battery module 2, the cover plate 26 and the second support frame 24 are removed, and the battery module 2 can be pulled out from the limiting groove 8 for easy disassembly. Then, the new battery module 2 is reinserted into the limiting groove 8 for quick replacement.

[0038] The protective casing 1 contains multiple independent battery modules 2. Each battery module 2 has a second cavity 4 for liquid cooling. The first cavity 3 between adjacent battery modules 2 is used for air cooling. When a certain cell 5 heats up too quickly due to a fault, the battery module 2 containing it can limit the range of heat dissipation radiated by the cell 5. This cell 5 is isolated from other battery modules 2. Even if the battery module 2 heats up too quickly due to the influence of this cell 5, the heat generated is dissipated in time under air cooling, which will not affect the normal operation of other battery modules 2. This achieves isolation of this module from other battery modules 2, ensuring the service life and charging and discharging efficiency of other cells 5.

[0039] The battery module 2 is fixed inside the protective shell 1 by being inserted into the limiting groove 8, which facilitates the disassembly and replacement of the faulty battery module 2 and improves the disassembly efficiency.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should fall within the technical scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A multi-mode heat dissipation device for battery packs based on air cooling and liquid cooling, comprising a protective shell (1) and at least two battery modules (2), wherein a first cavity (3) is provided inside the protective shell (1), and the battery modules (2) are arranged parallel and spaced apart inside the first cavity (3), characterized in that: The battery module (2) has a second cavity (4) inside, and several cells (5) are spaced apart in the second cavity (4). The cells (5) are arranged in a straight line. The protective shell (1) has an air outlet (7) and an air inlet (6) at both ends. Each battery module (2) has a set of air inlets (6) and air outlets (7) at the intervals. The protective shell (1) is provided with limiting grooves (8) corresponding to the two ends of the battery module (2). The battery module (2) is inserted and fixed in the protective shell (1) through the limiting grooves (8). The two ends of the battery module (2) are respectively provided with liquid inlet (9) and liquid outlet (10). Both liquid inlet (9) and liquid outlet (10) are provided with sealing devices. Both liquid inlet (9) and liquid outlet (10) are connected to the second cavity (4). The liquid inlet (9) and liquid outlet (10) are respectively connected to the coolant interface (11) in their respective limiting grooves (8).

2. The battery pack multi-mode cooling device based on air cooling and liquid cooling according to claim 1, wherein: The battery module (2) is trapezoidal and inverted inside the protective shell (1). The cross section of the first cavity (3) is a trapezoid that matches the battery module (2). The protective shell (1) is provided with heat dissipation fins (12) that are perpendicular to the battery module (2). One end of the heat dissipation fins (12) is located inside the battery module (2), and the other end of the heat dissipation fins (12) is located at the interval of the battery module (2).

3. The multi-mode heat dissipation device for air-cooled and liquid-cooled battery packs of claim 1, wherein: Annular sealing cavities (13) are provided around the inlet (9) and outlet (10). The sealing device includes a sealing head (14) and a sliding sleeve (15). The sliding sleeve (15) is respectively fitted on the outside of the inlet (9) and outlet (10) and located inside the sealing cavity (13). The axial section of the sliding sleeve (15) transitions evenly from thick to thin from one end to the other. The sealing head (14) is fixedly connected to the thick end of the sliding sleeve (15). The thin end of the sliding sleeve (15) abuts against a spring (16). The spring (16) is located at the bottom of the sealing cavity (13). The spring (16) provides assistance for the sliding sleeve (15) to move axially out of the sealing cavity (13).

4. The multi-mode heat dissipation device for air-cooled and liquid-cooled battery packs of claim 2, wherein: One end of the heat dissipation fin (12) is provided with a through hole (17) for coolant to pass through, and the other end of the heat dissipation fin (12) is provided with a through hole (17) for cold air to pass through.

5. The multi-mode heat dissipation device for air-cooled and liquid-cooled battery packs of claim 2, wherein: The cells (5) in the battery module (2) are symmetrical about the heat dissipation fins (12). The top of the cells (5) on the same side of the heat dissipation fins (12) is inclined away from the heat dissipation fins (12). The end of the heat dissipation fins (12) located in the battery module (2) is a trapezoid with a narrow bottom and a wide top.

6. The multi-mode heat dissipation device for air-cooled and liquid-cooled battery packs of claim 3, wherein: The protective shell (1) has an annular protrusion (18) around the coolant interface (11). The coolant interface (11) is located inside the protrusion (18). When the sealing head (14) is connected to the coolant interface (11), the protrusion (18) squeezes the sealing head (14), causing the sliding sleeve (15) to compress the spring (16) and move into the sealing cavity (13).

7. The multi-mode heat dissipation device for battery packs based on air cooling and liquid cooling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sealing head (14) is annular and its axial section is semi-circular. The battery module (2) is provided with a groove (19) for accommodating and supporting the sealing head (14). The groove (19) is located outside the sealing cavity (13) and is coaxial with the sealing head (14).

8. The multi-mode heat dissipation device for battery packs based on air cooling and liquid cooling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The protective shell (1) is provided with a first support frame (20), which is located at the bottom of the battery module (2). The first support frame (20) has a first fixing groove (21) and is perpendicular to the battery module (2). The battery module (2) is inserted into the first fixing groove (21). The first fixing groove (21) is provided with a shock-absorbing pad (22). The first support frame (20) has a heat dissipation hole (23).

9. The multi-mode heat dissipation device for battery packs based on air cooling and liquid cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective shell (1) is provided with a second support frame (24), which is located on the top of the battery module (2). The second support frame (24) has a second fixing groove (25) and is perpendicular to the battery module (2). The battery module (2) is inserted into the second fixing groove (25). The second fixing groove (25) is provided with a shock-absorbing pad (22). The second support frame (24) has a heat dissipation hole (23). The protective shell (1) is provided with a cover plate (26) on the top. The cover plate (26) is fixedly connected to the protective shell (1). The cover plate (26) presses and fixes the second support frame (24) and the battery module (2).

10. The multi-mode heat dissipation device for battery packs based on air cooling and liquid cooling according to claim 8, characterized in that: The protective shell (1) has L-shaped support platforms (27) at both ends. The coolant interface (11) is located on the vertical end face of the support platform (27). The battery module (2) has bosses (28) at both ends that match the support platform (27). When the bosses (28) abut against the support platform (27), the battery module (2) is inserted into the first fixing groove (21).

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