Polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded combination for non-pneumatic tires and method of production thereof

Abstract

A method for producing a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded combination for use in a non-pneumatic tire, a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded combination produced by the method, and a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded combination for use in a non-pneumatic tire. The method includes applying a release ply fabric to at least a first surface (at an end) of an uncured elongated composite spoke, applying a solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator, and finally insert molding a polyurethane flexure onto the cured elongated composite spoke. Also disclosed is a non-pneumatic tire incorporating a polyurethane flexure-elongate composite spoke bonded combination made by the disclosed method, obtained from the disclosed method, or as additionally disclosed herein. The polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded combination has a specified peel strength.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly used in non-pneumatic tires, and to related methods for producing the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly and a non-pneumatic tire containing the bonded assembly. Background Technology

[0002] Conventional (pneumatic) tires are inflated with air. Non-pneumatic tires can be considered airless because they do not rely on air inflation to support vehicle weight or absorb shocks from the road surface. Non-pneumatic tires offer advantages including low maintenance and no risk of punctures. Various designs for non-pneumatic tires have been proposed, including those utilizing a network of spokes connected to an inner rim-like structure and covered by an outer belt or ring and a relatively thin layer of rubber forming the tread. In this design, the spokes are used to provide support for the vehicle's weight. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This article discloses a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly for use in non-pneumatic tires, its manufacturing method, and a non-pneumatic tire incorporating the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly.

[0004] In a first embodiment, a method for producing a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly for use in a non-pneumatic tire is disclosed. The method of the first embodiment includes: providing an uncured elongated composite spoke having an end having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the uncured elongated composite spoke comprises fibers and an epoxy resin, the fibers being selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, and combinations thereof; applying a release sheet fabric to at least the first surface of the uncured elongated composite spoke to produce a release sheet fabric-uncured elongated composite spoke assembly, wherein the release sheet fabric comprises a woven synthetic fabric having warp and weft yarns; and curing the release sheet fabric-uncured elongated composite spoke assembly by applying heat and pressure to produce… The process involves: generating a cured release sheet fabric-cured elongated composite spoke assembly; removing the cured release sheet fabric from the cured release sheet fabric-cured elongated composite spoke assembly to produce cured elongated composite spokes having a textured embossed surface; applying a solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator to the textured embossed surface to produce a treated textured embossed surface; and molding a polyurethane flexure insert onto at least a portion of the treated textured embossed surface to produce a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly having a peel strength of at least 120 pli (at least 21000 N / m), preferably at least 140 pli (at least 24000 N / m), and more preferably at least 150 pli (i.e., 26000 N / m), as determined using a 90-degree peel strength test (according to ASTM D6892 / D903).

[0005] In the second embodiment, a polyurethane flexural-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly produced by the method of the first embodiment is disclosed.

[0006] In the third embodiment, a non-pneumatic tire is disclosed, which incorporates the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly of the second embodiment.

[0007] In the fourth embodiment, a polyurethane flexure-slender composite spoke bonding assembly for use in non-pneumatic tires is disclosed. The polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly includes a cured elongated composite spoke with an end having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the cured elongated composite spoke comprises fibers and epoxy resin, the fibers being selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, and combinations thereof; and a polyurethane flexure bonded to the end of the cured elongated composite spoke with a peel strength of at least 120 pli (at least 21000 N / m), preferably at least 140 pli (at least 24000 N / m), more preferably at least 150 pli (i.e., 26000 N / m) as determined by a 90-degree peel strength test (according to ASTM D6892 / D903), wherein the end of the cured elongated composite spoke has a treated textured embossed surface on at least its first surface located below the bonded polyurethane flexure, wherein the treated textured embossed surface includes a treated coating on the textured embossed surface.

[0008] In the fifth embodiment, a non-pneumatic tire is disclosed, which incorporates the polyurethane flexure-slender composite spoke bonding assembly of the fourth embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0009] In a first embodiment, a method for producing a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly for use in a non-pneumatic tire is disclosed. The method of the first embodiment includes: providing an uncured elongated composite spoke having an end having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the uncured elongated composite spoke comprises fibers and an epoxy resin, the fibers being selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, and combinations thereof; applying a release sheet fabric to at least the first surface of the uncured elongated composite spoke to produce a release sheet fabric-uncured elongated composite spoke assembly, wherein the release sheet fabric comprises a woven synthetic fabric having warp and weft yarns; and curing the release sheet fabric-uncured elongated composite spoke assembly by applying heat and pressure to produce… The process involves: generating a cured release sheet fabric-cured elongated composite spoke assembly; removing the cured release sheet fabric from the cured release sheet fabric-cured elongated composite spoke assembly to produce cured elongated composite spokes having a textured embossed surface; applying a solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator to the textured embossed surface to produce a treated textured embossed surface; and molding a polyurethane flexure insert onto at least a portion of the treated textured embossed surface to produce a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly having a peel strength of at least 120 pli (at least 21000 N / m), preferably at least 140 pli (at least 24000 N / m), and more preferably at least 150 pli (i.e., 26000 N / m), as determined using a 90-degree peel strength test (according to ASTM D6892 / D903).

[0010] In the second embodiment, a polyurethane flexural-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly produced by the method of the first embodiment is disclosed.

[0011] In the third embodiment, a non-pneumatic tire is disclosed, which incorporates the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly of the second embodiment.

[0012] In the fourth embodiment, a polyurethane flexure-slender composite spoke bonding assembly for use in non-pneumatic tires is disclosed. The polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly includes a cured elongated composite spoke with an end having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the cured elongated composite spoke comprises fibers and epoxy resin, the fibers being selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, and combinations thereof; and a polyurethane flexure bonded to the end of the cured elongated composite spoke with a peel strength of at least 120 pli (at least 21000 N / m), preferably at least 140 pli (at least 24000 N / m), more preferably at least 150 pli (i.e., 26000 N / m) as determined by a 90-degree peel strength test (according to ASTM D6892 / D903), wherein the end of the cured elongated composite spoke has a treated textured embossed surface on at least its first surface located below the bonded polyurethane flexure, wherein the treated textured embossed surface includes a treated coating on the textured embossed surface.

[0013] In the fifth embodiment, a non-pneumatic tire is disclosed, which incorporates the polyurethane flexure-slender composite spoke bonding assembly of the fourth embodiment.

[0014] Uncured slender composite spokes

[0015] According to a first embodiment, an uncured elongated composite spoke is provided, which will become part of a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly. In second to fifth embodiments, the elongated composite spoke exists in a cured form as part of the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly. Generally, according to the first to fifth embodiments, the spoke comprises a composite material and has an elongated shape. It should be understood that the elongated composite spoke is uncured prior to the application of the release liner fabric (because, as discussed in detail below, the spoke and the release liner fabric are cured together). In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the elongated shape of the spoke can be understood as rod-shaped or bar-like. According to the first to fifth embodiments, the elongated composite spoke can be understood as having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is an end that is attached (via the polyurethane flexure) to the outer ring of a non-pneumatic tire, and the second end is an end that is attached (directly or indirectly) to the inner rim-like structure of the non-pneumatic tire. According to the first to fifth embodiments, the elongated composite spoke has an end (first end) having a first surface and a second surface. As discussed in more detail below, a release liner fabric is applied to at least the first surface of the spoke (i.e., at least the first surface of the first end of the spoke).

[0016] The spokes are elongated because they extend radially between a first end and a second end. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the elongated composite spoke has a substantially rectangular cross-section comprising a first surface and a second surface facing away from the first surface. In other alternative embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the spokes may have any desired cross-sectional shape (e.g., circular, elliptical, rhomboid, hexagonal, etc.) or may have combinations of different cross-sectional shapes; in some of the foregoing embodiments, when the cross-sectional shape is circular or elliptical, the first end of the spoke has a first flat surface and optionally a second flat surface. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the spokes have a constant thickness between the first end and the second end. In alternative embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the thickness of the spokes may vary between the first end and the second end; for example, the spokes may have a relatively thicker portion at the first and second ends and a relatively thinner portion between the ends.

[0017] According to the first to fifth embodiments, the composite spokes comprise fibers and epoxy resin, the fibers being selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, and combinations thereof. Therefore, the term composite can be understood as a combination of one or more such fibers with epoxy resin. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the composite spokes comprise carbon fibers and epoxy resin. In other embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the composite spokes comprise glass fibers and epoxy resin. In still some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the composite spokes comprise aramid fibers and epoxy resin.

[0018] As described above, the elongated composite spokes of the first to fifth embodiments comprise a material including epoxy resin. The properties of the epoxy resin may vary. In a preferred embodiment of the first to fifth embodiments, the epoxy resin of the uncured elongated composite spokes has a curing time of no more than 15 minutes at 150°C (e.g., 15 minutes, 14 minutes, 13 minutes, 12 minutes, 11 minutes, 10 minutes, 9 minutes, 8 minutes, 7 minutes, 6 minutes, 5 minutes or less), 5 to 15 minutes at 150°C, preferably no more than 12 minutes at 150°C (e.g., 12 minutes, 11 minutes, 10 minutes, 9 minutes, 8 minutes, 7 minutes, 6 minutes, 5 minutes or less), or 5 to 12 minutes at 150°C. In other embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the epoxy resin of the uncured elongated composite spokes has a curing time of more than 15 minutes at 150°C (e.g., 16 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, 24 hours or longer), 16 minutes to 24 hours at 150°C, or 16 minutes to 6 hours at 150°C (e.g., 16 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours or 6 hours). The epoxy resin of the uncured elongated composite spokes is mentioned because the resin in the uncured spokes has a measurable curing time. It should be understood that the same epoxy resin in cured form will be present in the cured elongated composite spokes and the elongated spokes in the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly and the non-pneumatic tires in which the assembly is bonded.

[0019] Peeling the sheet fabric and applying

[0020] The method of the first embodiment includes applying a release sheet fabric to at least a first surface of an uncured composite spoke to produce a release sheet fabric-uncured composite spoke combination. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the method includes applying a release sheet fabric to (only) a first surface of the uncured composite spoke to produce a release sheet fabric-uncured composite spoke combination. In other embodiments of the first embodiment, the method includes applying a release sheet fabric to both a first surface and a second surface of the uncured composite spoke to produce a release sheet fabric-uncured composite spoke combination; in some such embodiments, applying the release sheet fabric includes wrapping the release sheet fabric around the entire outer surface of a first end of the elongated spoke (i.e., both the first and second surfaces and any other surface between the two surfaces). According to the method of the first embodiment, the release sheet fabric comprises a woven synthetic fabric having both warp and weft yarns. As should be apparent from the following discussion (e.g., removal of cured release liner), the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly of the second and fourth embodiments includes a textured embossed surface (generated by the removed release liner fabric) on at least its first surface (at the first end), which will be beneath the bonded polyurethane flexure and promote a firm bond to the polyurethane flexure. The non-pneumatic tires of the third and fifth embodiments have been bonded with the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly of the second and fourth embodiments, respectively, and will therefore include the same textured embossing as the second and fourth embodiments, respectively.

[0021] According to the first embodiment, the composition of the release liner fabric can vary. As described above, the release liner fabric comprises a woven synthetic fabric having warp and weft yarns. The weft yarn may also be referred to as the pick thread or fill thread. Generally, the weft yarn can be understood as the thread intersecting the warp yarns. According to the first embodiment, the angle of intersection can range from about 90 degrees, 90 degrees, about 80 degrees, 80 degrees to 20 degrees to 90 degrees (e.g., 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees, 35 degrees, 40 degrees, 45 degrees, 50 degrees, 55 degrees, 60 degrees, 65 degrees, 70 degrees, 75 degrees, 80 degrees, 85 degrees, or 90 degrees), wherein an angle less than 90 degrees refers to an acute angle of intersection rather than an obtuse angle of intersection. In some preferred embodiments of the first embodiment, the warp yarns are parallel or substantially parallel to each other, and the weft yarns are parallel or substantially parallel to each other. According to the first embodiment, the specific materials used for the warp and weft yarns can vary. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the warp and weft yarns of the woven synthetic fabric comprise materials selected from the group consisting of nylon, polyester, glass fiber, aramid, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the warp and weft yarns comprise the same type of material (e.g., both are nylon). In other embodiments of the first embodiment, the warp and weft yarns comprise different materials (e.g., one is nylon and the other is polyester). In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the warp and weft yarns comprise nylon; in some such embodiments, the warp and weft yarns are composed of nylon. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the warp and weft yarns comprise polyester; in some such embodiments, the warp and weft yarns are composed of polyester. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the warp and weft yarns comprise glass fiber; in some such embodiments, the warp and weft yarns are composed of glass fiber. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the warp and weft yarns comprise aramid; in some such embodiments, the warp and weft yarns are composed of aramid.

[0022] According to the first embodiment, the woven synthetic fabric of the peeled-layer fabric can have a weaving density that varies in terms of the number of warp yarns per cm and the number of weft yarns per cm. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the woven synthetic fabric of the peeled-layer fabric has 10 to 100 warp yarns / cm (e.g., 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100 warp yarns / cm), preferably 15 to 80 warp yarns / cm (e.g., 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 or 80 warp yarns / cm). In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the woven synthetic fabric of the peel-off layer fabric has 10 to 60 weft yarns / cm (e.g., 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 or 60 weft yarns / cm), preferably 15 to 40 weft yarns / cm (e.g., 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40 weft yarns / cm). In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the woven synthetic fabric of the peel-off layer fabric has 10 to 100 warp yarns / cm (e.g., 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100 warp yarns / cm), preferably 15 to 80 warp yarns / cm (e.g., 15, 20, 25, 30). 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 or 80 warp yarns / cm), and 10 to 60 weft yarns / cm (e.g., 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 or 60 weft yarns / cm), preferably 15 to 40 weft yarns / cm (e.g., 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40 weft yarns / cm).

[0023] In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the release liner fabric is resin-free. In some of the foregoing embodiments, the release liner fabric is resin-free but contains at least one release agent, and in other foregoing embodiments, the release liner fabric is resin-free and contains no release agent. In other embodiments of the first embodiment, the release liner fabric contains resin (other than woven synthetic fabric). In some of the foregoing embodiments, the release liner fabric contains resin and at least one release agent, and in other foregoing embodiments, the release liner fabric contains resin and contains no release agent. According to such embodiments, the resin used may vary, but preferably, the resin has a curing time of no more than 15 minutes (e.g., 15 minutes, 14 minutes, 13 minutes, 12 minutes, 11 minutes, 10 minutes, 9 minutes, 8 minutes, 7 minutes, 6 minutes, 5 minutes or less) at 150°C, more preferably no more than 12 minutes (e.g., 12 minutes, 11 minutes, 10 minutes, 9 minutes, 8 minutes, 7 minutes, 6 minutes, 5 minutes or less) at 150°C. In a preferred embodiment of the first embodiment (where the release liner fabric comprises resin), the resin is an epoxy resin, preferably having a curing time of no more than 15 minutes (e.g., 15 minutes, 14 minutes, 13 minutes, 12 minutes, 11 minutes, 10 minutes, 9 minutes, 8 minutes, 7 minutes, 6 minutes, 5 minutes or less) at 150°C, more preferably no more than 12 minutes (e.g., 12 minutes, 11 minutes, 10 minutes, 9 minutes, 8 minutes, 7 minutes, 6 minutes, 5 minutes or less) at 150°C.

[0024] In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the release liner fabric does not contain a release agent. A release agent is a component added to the release liner fabric to facilitate easier removal of fabric portions from the surface of the cured composite spokes. In other embodiments of the first embodiment, the release liner fabric contains at least one release agent. In these embodiments of the first embodiment (where the release liner fabric contains at least one release agent), various release agents currently used with release liner fabrics may be suitable. Exemplary such release agents include silicone-based release agents and fluorine-based release agents (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene). In these embodiments of the first embodiment (where the release liner fabric contains at least one release agent), care should be taken to minimize the transfer of the release agent to the surface of the composite spokes, for example, by selecting a release liner fabric with a suitable release agent.

[0025] Curing

[0026] The method of the first embodiment includes curing a release sheet fabric-uncured elongated composite spoke assembly to produce a cured release sheet fabric-cured elongated composite spoke assembly. This curing can be understood as including the application of heat and pressure to produce the cured release sheet fabric-cured elongated composite spoke assembly. The pressure used as part of the curing process can be varied and can be used to help the release sheet fabric adhere to the surface of the spokes. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, curing includes applying 1 psig to 300 psig (e.g., 1 psig, 10 psig, 20 psig, 30 psig, 40 psig, 50 psig, 60 psig, 70 psig, 80 psig, 90 psig, 100 psig, 110 psig, 120 psig, 130 psig, 140 psig, 150 psig, 160 psig, 170 psig, 180 psig). sig, 190 psig, 200 psig, 210 psig, 220 psig, 230 psig, 240 psig, 250 psig, 260 psig, 270 psig, 280 psig, 290 psig, or 300 psig) or 7 kPa to 2100 kPa (e.g., 7 kPa, 50 kPa, 100 kPa, 200 kPa, 300 kPa, 400 kPa, 500 kPa, 600 kPa, 700 kPa), 800 kPa, 900 kPa, 1000 kPa, 1100 kPa, 1200 kPa, 1300 kPa, 1400 kPa, 1500 kPa, 1600 kPa, 1700 kPa, 1800 kPa, 1900 kPa, 2000 kPa or 2100 kPa, preferably 5 psig to 100 psig (e.g. 5 psig, 10 psig, 15 psig, 20 psig, 25 psig, 30 psig, 35 psig), preferably 5 psig to 100 psig (e.g. 5 psig, 10 psig, 15 psig, 20 psig, 25 psig, 30 psig, 35 psig). Pressures ranging from 1.5 psig, 40 psig, 45 psig, 50 psig, 55 psig, 60 psig, 65 psig, 70 psig, 75 psig, 80 psig, 85 psig, 90 psig, 95 psig, or 100 psig) or 35 kPa to 700 kPa (e.g., 35 kPa, 50 kPa, 100 kPa, 200 kPa, 300 kPa, 400 kPa, 500 kPa, 600 kPa, or 700 kPa). As used herein, psig refers to pounds per square inch gauge pressure, and kPa refers to kilopascals. The heat used as part of the curing process is variable.In some embodiments of the first embodiment, curing includes heating the combination to 75℉ to 400℉ (e.g., 75℉, 80℉, 85℉, 90℉, 95℉, 100℉, 110℉, 120℉, 125℉, 130℉, 140℉, 150℉, 160℉, 170℉, 175℉, 180℉, 190℉, 200℉, 210℉, 220℉, 225℉, 230℉, 240℉, 250℉, 260℉, 270℉, 275℉, 280℉, 290℉, 300℉). Temperatures of 310℉, 320℉, 325℉, 330℉, 340℉, 350℉, 360℉, 370℉, 375℉, 380℉, 390℉, or 400℉) or 24℃ to 200℃ (e.g., 24℃, 25℃, 30℃, 40℃, 50℃, 60℃, 70℃, 75℃, 80℃, 90℃, 100℃, 110℃, 120℃, 125℃, 130℃, 140℃, 150℃, 160℃, 170℃, 175℃, 180℃, 190℃, or 200℃). In other embodiments of the first embodiment, curing includes heating the combination to a temperature of 250℉ to 350℉ (e.g., 250℉, 260℉, 270℉, 275℉, 280℉, 290℉, 300℉, 310℉, 320℉, 325℉, 330℉, 340℉, or 350℉) or 120℃ to 175℃ (e.g., 120℃, 130℃, 140℃, 150℃, 160℃, 170℃, or 175℃). In some embodiments of the first embodiment, curing includes applying heat at one of the aforementioned temperatures and applying pressure at one of the aforementioned values. As is apparent from the discussion below (e.g., removal of cured peel-layer fabric), removing the fabric portion of the peel layer (i.e., a woven synthetic fabric having warp and weft yarns) from the cured peel-layer fabric-cured elongated composite spoke assembly leaves a textured imprint on the surface (i.e., at least the first surface) on the first end of the cured elongated composite spoke where the peel-layer fabric was applied and subsequently removed.

[0027] Remove the peeling layer fabric

[0028] The method of the first embodiment includes removing a cured peel sheet fabric from a cured peel sheet fabric-cured elongated composite spoke assembly to produce a cured elongated composite spoke having a textured embossed surface on at least its first surface. As described above, when the fabric portion of the peel sheet (i.e., a woven synthetic fabric having warp and weft yarns) is removed from the cured peel sheet fabric-cured elongated composite spoke assembly, a textured embossed surface is left. This textured embossed surface will be present on the surface (i.e., at least the first surface) on the first end of the cured elongated composite spoke where the peel sheet fabric was applied and subsequently removed. Thus, in some embodiments of the first embodiment, the textured embossed surface is present on the first surface at the (first) end of the cured elongated spoke. In other embodiments of the first embodiment, the textured embossed surface is present on both the first and second surfaces of the cured composite spoke; in some such embodiments, the textured embossed surface is present on the entire outer surface of the first end of the elongated spoke (i.e., both the first and second surfaces and any other surface between these two surfaces). It should be understood that the foregoing discussion relating to textured embossed surfaces applies equally to the second to fifth embodiments disclosed herein.

[0029] When removing the release liner from a cured release liner-cured slender composite spoke assembly, care should be taken to avoid damaging the underlying spokes. Generally, the removal process should avoid breaking or exposing the fibers present in the underlying spokes. Initial lifting of the corners of the release liner can help in successfully removing the cured release liner without damaging the underlying spokes. Any instruments or tools used to help lift the corners of the release liner should be selected to avoid damaging the underlying spokes.

[0030] According to the first to fifth embodiments, the configuration and roughness of the textured embossed surface can vary depending on the type of release sheet fabric used. The roughness of the textured embossed surface can be determined using standard methods such as ISO 4287 by profilometry (i.e., using a profile profiler). Exemplary values ​​obtained by profilometry include: the average roughness (Ra), which can be understood as the arithmetic mean of the absolute values ​​of the profile height within the evaluation length; and the average maximum height of the profile or the average maximum profile height (Rz), which can be understood as the average of consecutive values ​​of Rti calculated within the evaluation length; when there are five sampling lengths within the evaluation length, Rz is the same as Rz(DIN). The evaluation length is the length within which the values ​​of the surface parameters are evaluated, and can also be referred to as the assessment length. Rti refers to the maximum height within the sampling length, and can be understood as the vertical distance between the highest and lowest points of the profile within the sampling length. The sampling length is the nominal wavelength used to separate roughness and waviness. The evaluation length refers to the total length within which the values ​​of the surface parameters are evaluated. The Ra and Rz measurements mentioned in this article were performed using a portable surface roughness tester, Surtronic, with the following configuration. ® Duo measures: diamond stylus with a radius of 5 micrometers (200 microinches), measuring force of 200 mg, sliding instrument measurement type, Gaussian filter type, filter cutoff value of 0.8 mm, evaluation or lateral movement length of 4 mm (0.157 inches), evaluation or lateral movement speed of 2 mm / s (0.08 inches / s), and continuous measurement mode within the lateral movement length.

[0031] In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the textured embossed surface has a size of 150 microinches to 450 microinches as measured by profilometry (e.g., 150 microinches, 160 microinches, 170 microinches, 180 microinches, 190 microinches, 200 microinches, 210 microinches, 220 microinches, 230 microinches, 240 microinches, 250 microinches, 260 microinches, 270 microinches, 280 microinches, 290 microinches, 300 microinches, 310 microinches, 320 microinches, 330 microinches, 340 microinches, 350 microinches, 360 microinches, 370 microinches, 380 microinches, 390 microinches, 400 microinches, 410 microinches, 420 microinches, 430 microinches, 440 microinches, or 450 microinches). The roughness average value Ra is 200 microinches to 400 microinches (e.g., 200 microinches, 210 microinches, 220 microinches, 230 microinches, 240 microinches, 250 microinches, 260 microinches, 270 microinches, 280 microinches, 290 microinches, 300 microinches, 310 microinches, 320 microinches, 330 microinches, 340 microinches, 350 microinches, 360 microinches, 370 microinches, 380 microinches, 390 microinches, or 400 microinches) or 5 microinches to 10 microinches (e.g., 5 microinches, 6 microinches, 7 microinches, 8 microinches, 9 microinches, or 10 microinches), as discussed above. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the textured embossed surface has a surface area of ​​1200 to 1700 microinches (e.g., 1200 microinches, 1300 microinches, 1400 microinches, 1500 microinches, 1600 microinches, or 1700 microinches) as measured by profilometry, or 30 to 43 micrometers (e.g., 30 micrometers, 31 micrometers, 32 micrometers, 33 micrometers, 34 micrometers, 35 micrometers, 36 micrometers, 37 micrometers, 38 micrometers, or 39 micrometers). The average maximum height or average maximum profile height Rz of the profile is preferably 1300 microinches to 1600 microinches (e.g., 1300 microinches, 1400 microinches, 1500 microinches, 1600 microinches, or 1700 microinches) or 33 microinches to 41 microinches (e.g., 33 microinches, 34 microinches, 35 microinches, 36 microinches, 37 microinches, 38 microinches, 39 microinches, 40 microinches, or 41 microinches), as discussed above. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the textured embossing has an average surface roughness Ra and an average maximum profile height Rz according to the aforementioned corresponding ranges, preferably according to the aforementioned corresponding preferred ranges.

[0032] Applying a solvent-based isocyanate activator and generating a treatment coating

[0033] The method of the first embodiment includes applying a solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator to the textured embossed surface (of the cured elongated composite spoke) to produce a treated textured embossed surface (on at least a first surface of the cured elongated composite spoke). As described above, the treated textured embossed surface of the fourth and fifth embodiments includes a treatment coating (generated by the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator) on the textured embossed surface. As will be apparent from the discussion below, treated textured embossed surfaces exist in the second to fifth embodiments disclosed herein. Relative to the second to fifth embodiments disclosed herein, the ends of the elongated spokes have treated textured embossed surfaces on at least their first surfaces (below the bonded polyurethane flexure). As discussed above, the textured embossed surface on the cured elongated composite spoke is produced by applying a cured release sheet fabric to at least a first surface of the cured elongated composite spoke and removing the cured release sheet fabric from at least a first surface of the cured elongated composite spoke. Generally, according to the method of the first embodiment, a solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator is applied to any surface of the cured elongated composite spoke, the surface having a textured embossed surface from the release sheet fabric. As discussed above, the release sheet fabric is applied to (and removed from) at least a first surface of the uncured elongated composite spoke, which may include only the first surface of the uncured elongated composite spoke, both the first and second surfaces of the uncured elongated composite spoke, and the entire outer surface of the first end of the elongated spoke (i.e., both the first and second surfaces and any other surface between these two surfaces). The treated coating (or treated textured embossed surface) resulting from applying the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator to the textured embossed surface (of at least the first surface of the cured elongated composite spoke) and obtaining the treated coating can vary in thickness. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the treated coating has a thickness of 0.5 nm to 10 nm (e.g., 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 1.5 nm, 2 nm, 2.5 nm, 3 nm, 3.5 nm, 4 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 5.5 nm, 6 nm, 6.5 nm, 7 nm, 7.5 nm, 8 nm, 8.5 nm, 9 nm, 9.5 nm, or 10 nm). nm is understood to mean nanometer. In other embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the treated coating has a thickness of less than 0.5 nm. The thickness of the treated coating refers to the thickness after the solvent has evaporated from the applied solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator. The presence of the treated coating (generated by using a solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator) can be confirmed by detecting the isocyanate peak using FT-IR ATR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection) or by using a contact angle goniometer (which measures the contact angle of a droplet on a surface).The foregoing discussion relating to the properties of the treated coating and the treated textured embossed surface should be understood to apply equally to the second to fifth embodiments disclosed herein.

[0034] According to a first embodiment, the method of applying a solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator to the textured embossed surface (of the cured elongated composite spokes) to produce a treated textured embossed surface can be varied. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator is applied by spraying, rolling, dipping, or wiping. In a preferred embodiment of the first embodiment, the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator is applied by wiping. In other embodiments of the first embodiment, the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator is applied by rolling. Generally, rolling involves using at least one roller (e.g., one roller, two rollers, three rollers, or more rollers) to transfer a layer of material (i.e., the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator) to the surface of the part (i.e., the textured embossed surface of the cured elongated composite spokes). In some embodiments of the first embodiment in which rolling is used to apply the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator, the rolling includes a controller for controlling or adjusting the thickness of the activator applied to the textured embossed surface. Exemplary such controllers include metering blades, metering rollers, and transfer from another roller. In other embodiments of the first embodiment, the solvent-based isocyanate activator is applied by spraying. In still some embodiments of the first embodiment, the solvent-based isocyanate activator is applied by impregnation (e.g., by immersing at least the textured embossed surface of a cured elongated composite spoke into a container containing the solvent-based isocyanate activator).

[0035] As should be apparent from the foregoing discussion, solvent-based isocyanate-containing activators comprise isocyanates (isocyanate component) and solvents (solvent component). In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator may contain (comprise) one or more additional components, i.e., in addition to isocyanates and solvents. Exemplary such additional components include coupling agents, pigments, and tracers. For the avoidance of doubt, each of these additional components may include one or more components (e.g., although a coupling agent is specified, one or more coupling agents may be present). The presence of pigments in solvent-based isocyanate-containing activators can help identify where the activator has been placed on the textured embossed surface. Similarly, when a UV detection method is available, the presence of one or more tracers (e.g., UV tracers) in solvent-based isocyanate-containing activators can help identify where the activator has been placed on the textured embossed surface. The foregoing discussion relating to isocyanates and solvents present in solvent-based isocyanate-containing activators should be understood to apply equally to the second and third embodiments disclosed herein. The foregoing discussion relating to isocyanates present in solvent-based isocyanate activators should be understood to apply equally to the second to fifth embodiments disclosed herein (because, according to the second to fifth embodiments, the isocyanate will remain in the treated coating even after the solvent has evaporated).

[0036] According to the first embodiment, the isocyanate and solvent present in the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator may be varied. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator comprises (contains) a polyisocyanate (as an isocyanate / isocyanate component). In those embodiments of the first embodiment in which the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator comprises a polyisocyanate, a specific one or more polyisocyanates may be varied. According to the first embodiment, the amounts of isocyanate (including polyisocyanates) and solvent present in the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator may be varied. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator comprises (contains) more than 50% by weight (e.g., 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or more by weight), preferably at least 60% by weight (e.g., 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or more by weight), and more preferably at least 70% by weight (e.g., 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or more by weight), of solvent, based on the total weight of the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator. In certain embodiments of the first embodiment, the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator contains (comprising) 5% to 30% by weight (e.g., 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, or 30% by weight) of isocyanate, preferably 5% to 10% by weight (e.g., 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10% by weight). In those embodiments of the first embodiment in which the isocyanate (isocyanate component) includes polyisocyanates, the specific one or more polyisocyanates may be varied. In certain embodiments of the first embodiment in which the isocyanate (isocyanate component) includes polyisocyanates, the polyisocyanate is a diisocyanate compound, a triisocyanate compound, or a combination thereof. In a preferred embodiment of the first embodiment in which the isocyanate (isocyanate component) includes a polyisocyanate, the polyisocyanate is a triisocyanate compound. In some embodiments of the first embodiment in which the isocyanate (isocyanate component) includes a polyisocyanate, the polyisocyanate contains an aromatic group, preferably a phenyl group or a benzyl group. In some embodiments of the first embodiment in which the isocyanate (isocyanate component) includes a polyisocyanate, the polyisocyanate contains a phosphate ester group, preferably a thiophosphate ester group.In certain embodiments of the first embodiment in which the isocyanate (isocyanate component) includes a polyisocyanate, at least one of the following, preferably each of the following, and more preferably each of the following in their preferred form is satisfied: (a) the polyisocyanate is a diisocyanate compound, a triisocyanate compound, or a combination thereof, preferably a triisocyanate compound; (b) the polyisocyanate contains an aromatic group, preferably a phenyl or benzyl group; or (c) the polyisocyanate contains a phosphate group, preferably a thiophosphate group. In certain embodiments of the first embodiment, the isocyanate includes triisocyanate tri(4-isocyanophenyl) thiophosphate; in some such embodiments, the isocyanate consists (only) of triisocyanate tri(4-isocyanophenyl) thiophosphate. The foregoing discussion relating to isocyanates and solvents present in solvent-based isocyanate-containing activators should be understood to apply equally to the second and third embodiments disclosed herein. The foregoing discussion relating to isocyanates present in solvent-based isocyanate activators should be understood to apply equally to the second to fifth embodiments disclosed herein (because, according to the second to fifth embodiments, the isocyanate will remain in the treated coating even after the solvent has evaporated).

[0037] According to the first embodiment, one or more solvents present in the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator may vary in type and amount. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator comprises (contains) at least one polar solvent, preferably one or more ester polar solvents, more preferably at least one acetate polar solvent; in some embodiments of the foregoing embodiments, the solvent content (solvent component amount) is discussed in the following sentences. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, based on the total weight of the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator, the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator has a solvent content (solvent component amount) of more than 50% by weight (e.g., 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or more by weight), preferably at least 60% by weight (e.g., 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or more by weight), more preferably at least 70% by weight (e.g., 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or more by weight). The foregoing discussion relating to solvents present in solvent-based isocyanate-containing activators should be understood to apply equally to the second and third embodiments disclosed herein.

[0038] In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator contains components other than isocyanates and solvents, as discussed above. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator comprises (contains) a coupling agent in an amount of up to 10% by weight (based on the total weight of the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator) (e.g., 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 1% to 10%, etc.), preferably in an amount of up to 10% by weight (based on the total weight of the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator) (e.g., 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 1% to 10%, etc.) of resorcinol-based coupling agent. The foregoing discussion relating to other components present in the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator should be understood to apply equally to the second and third embodiments disclosed herein. The foregoing discussion relating to other components present in solvent-based isocyanate-containing activators should be understood to apply equally to the second to fifth embodiments disclosed herein (because, according to the second to fifth embodiments, these other components will generally remain in the treated coating even after the solvent has evaporated).

[0039] According to the first embodiment, the viscosity of the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator can be varied. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator has a viscosity of 35 to 50 seconds (e.g., 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50) seconds, preferably 40 to 45 seconds (e.g., 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, or 45) seconds, as measured using a No. 2 DIN cup at 25°C. The aforementioned viscosity refers to a measurement performed using a No. 2 DIN cup (2mm cup), and the number of seconds indicates the time it takes for the activator to be emptied from the cup. Detailed instructions for performing such viscosity measurements can be found in ASTM D1084. The foregoing discussion relating to the viscosity of the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator should be understood to apply equally to the second and third embodiments disclosed herein.

[0040] In certain embodiments of the first embodiment, the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator satisfies at least one of the following: (a) having a solvent content of more than 50% by weight (e.g., 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or more by weight), preferably at least 60% by weight (e.g., 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or more by weight), more preferably at least 70% by weight (e.g., 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or more by weight); (b) containing (including) 5% to 30% by weight (e.g., 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%) by weight. (c) containing (including) at most 10% by weight of isocyanate, preferably 5% to 10% by weight (e.g., 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10% by weight); (d) containing (including) at least 10% by weight of coupling agent, preferably resorcinol-based coupling agent; (e.g., containing at least one polar solvent, preferably at least one ester polar solvent, more preferably at least one acetate polar solvent; or (e) having a viscosity of 35 to 50 (e.g., 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 or 50) seconds, preferably 40 to 45 (e.g., 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 or 45) seconds, as measured using a No. 2 DIN cup at 25°C. In certain preferred embodiments of the first embodiment, at least one of (a) to (e) is satisfied in their preferred form (if applicable), more preferably in their even more preferred form (if applicable). In certain embodiments of the first embodiment, at least one of (a) to (e), preferably each of (a) to (e), is satisfied, and the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator further comprises a curing agent (as discussed above). The foregoing discussion relating to the solvent present in the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator and the viscosity of the activator should be understood to apply equally to the second and third embodiments disclosed herein. The foregoing discussion relating to the isocyanate and coupling agent present in the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator should be understood to apply equally to the second to fifth embodiments disclosed herein (because, relative to the fourth and fifth embodiments, the isocyanate and / or any coupling agent will generally remain in the treated coating even after the solvent has evaporated).

[0041] In some embodiments of the first embodiment, after applying the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator, the method includes evaporating the solvent in the solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator before insert molding. In some such embodiments, evaporating the solvent includes heating, and the temperature and duration of heating may be varied. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, heating is performed to 20°C to 140°C (e.g., 20°C, 22°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, 32°C, 34°C, 35°C, 36°C, 38°C, 40°C, 42°C, 44°C, 45°C, 46°C, 48°C, 50°C, 52°C, 54°C, 55°C, 56°C, 58°C, 60°C, 62°C, 64°C, 65°C, 66°C, 68°C, 70°C, 72°C, 74°C, 75°C, 76°C, 78°C, 8...). Temperatures of 0℃, 82℃, 84℃, 85℃, 86℃, 88℃, 90℃, 92℃, 94℃, 95℃, 96℃, 98℃, 100℃, 102℃, 104℃, 105℃, 106℃, 108℃, 110℃, 112℃, 114℃, 115℃, 116℃, 118℃, 120℃, 122℃, 124℃, 125℃, 126℃, 128℃, 130℃, 132℃, 134℃, 135℃, 136℃, 138℃, or 140℃. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the elongated spokes are heated for 2 minutes to 0.5 hours (e.g., 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 4 minutes, 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, 11 minutes, 12 minutes, 13 minutes, 14 minutes, 15 minutes, 16 minutes, 17 minutes, 18 minutes, 19 minutes, 20 minutes, 21 minutes, 22 minutes, 23 minutes, 24 minutes, 25 minutes, 26 minutes, 27 minutes, 28 minutes or 29 minutes, or 0.5 hours), preferably 5 minutes to 10 minutes (e.g., 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes or 10 minutes) to evaporate the solvent.In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the temperature is raised to 20°C to 140°C (e.g., 20°C, 22°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, 32°C, 34°C, 35°C, 36°C, 38°C, 40°C, 42°C, 44°C, 45°C, 46°C, 48°C, 50°C, 52°C, 54°C, 55°C, 56°C, 58°C, 60°C, 62°C, 6...). 4℃, 65℃, 66℃, 68℃, 70℃, 72℃, 74℃, 75℃, 76℃, 78℃, 80℃, 82℃, 84℃, 85℃, 86℃, 88℃, 90℃, 92℃, 94℃, 95℃, 96℃, 98℃, 100℃, 102℃, 104℃, 105℃, 106℃, 108℃, 110℃, 112℃, 114℃, 115℃ Temperatures of 116°C, 118°C, 120°C, 122°C, 124°C, 125°C, 126°C, 128°C, 130°C, 132°C, 134°C, 135°C, 136°C, 138°C, or 140°C are maintained for 2 minutes to 0.5 hours (e.g., 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 4 minutes, 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, 11 minutes, 12 minutes, 13 minutes, 14 minutes, 15 minutes, 16 minutes, 17 minutes, 18 minutes, 19 minutes, 20 minutes, 21 minutes, 22 minutes, 23 minutes, 24 minutes, 25 minutes, 26 minutes, 27 minutes, 28 minutes, or 29 minutes, or 0.5 hours), preferably 5 minutes to 10 minutes (e.g., 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, or 10 minutes).

[0042] Insert molding

[0043] The method of the first embodiment includes molding a polyurethane flexure insert onto at least a portion of the treated textured embossed surface (of the cured elongated composite spokes). As discussed in more detail below, the insert molding produces a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly having a peel strength as discussed below. It should be understood that the foregoing details of the insert molding can also be used to produce the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assemblies of the second and fourth embodiments, as well as the bonded assemblies used in the non-pneumatic tires of the third and fifth embodiments.

[0044] As used herein, insert molding refers to an injection molding method in which molten or liquid material is added to a mold and subsequently cooled and hardened. As part of insert molding, a component exists within the mold, and when molten or liquid material is added to the mold, the material flows through the component and forms not only around the mold wall but also around or onto the component block, thereby forming a bond with the component block. According to a first embodiment disclosed herein, the component present within the mold for insert molding is at least a portion of the (first) end of an elongated composite spoke, and the molten or liquid material is polyurethane. More specifically, the elongated composite spoke exists within the mold to the extent necessary to allow the polyurethane material to bond with the treated textured embossed surface (on at least the first surface of the end of the elongated composite spoke). In some embodiments of the first embodiment, the polyurethane material used is liquid at room temperature or at least pourable. In other embodiments of the first embodiment, the polyurethane material is a gel or solid at room temperature.

[0045] Generally speaking, polyurethane (such as polyurethane used for molding flexural inserts onto the treated textured embossed surface of elongated composite spokes) can be understood as a polymer comprising organic units bonded by urethane (urethane) bonds. Polyurethane can be produced from a wide range of starting materials. As described herein, the polyurethane suitable for (insert molding) this flexural will comprise an isocyanate component and a glycol component. It should be understood that the foregoing details of the polyurethane also apply to the production of the polyurethane flexural-elongated composite spoke bonded assemblies of the second and fourth embodiments, as well as the bonded assemblies used in the non-pneumatic tires of the third and fifth embodiments.

[0046] Generally, according to the first to fifth embodiments disclosed herein, one or more types of diols can be used in (or are present in) the diol component of the polyurethane of the flexural element. The diol can be aromatic or aliphatic. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the diol component of the polyurethane of the flexural element is aromatic. In other preferred embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the diol component of the polyurethane of the flexural element is aliphatic. Generally, the diol used in the diol component of the polyurethane can vary, and suitable diols include those having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 carbon atoms), preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms. According to the first to fifth embodiments, the diol component of the polyurethane of the flexible member is selected from the group consisting of simple diols and complex polyols, including polyester polyols, polyether polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polycaprolactone polyols, polybutadiene polyols, and polysulfide polyols. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the polyurethane of the flexible member comprises a diol component selected from the group consisting of simple diols, polyester polyols, polyether polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polycaprolactone polyols, polybutadiene polyols, polysulfide polyols, and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of aliphatic diols include ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol, each of which can be understood as a simple diol. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the diol component of the polyurethane of the flexible member is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the diol component of the polyurethane of the flexible member is composed of ethylene glycol. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the diol component of the polyurethane of the flexible element is composed of 1,4-butanediol. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the diol component of the polyurethane of the flexible element is composed of 1,6-hexanediol. Non-limiting examples of aromatic diols include those based on terephthalic acid, including diesters of terephthalic acid and diols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0047] Generally, according to the first to fifth embodiments disclosed herein, one or more types of isocyanates can be used in (or are present in) the isocyanate component of the polyurethane of the flexural member. The isocyanate can be aliphatic or aromatic. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the isocyanate component of the polyurethane of the flexural member is aromatic or includes aromatic isocyanates. In other embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the isocyanate component is aliphatic or includes aliphatic isocyanates. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the isocyanate component of the polyurethane is an aromatic diisocyanate selected from the group consisting of: 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (also known as methylene diphenyl diisocyanate), toluene diisocyanate, p-phenyl diisocyanate, and combinations thereof.

[0048] Exemplary aliphatic isocyanates suitable for use as isocyanate components in polyurethanes for flexible components include, but are not limited to, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), ethylene diisocyanate, methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (MDI), hydrogenated methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (HMDI), or 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), or 1-isocyano-3-isocyanomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane, 1,6-diisocyanate. The polyurethane contains tetramethylxylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), alkylene diisocyanates having 4 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkylene group (e.g., 1,2-dodecane diisocyanate, 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate), 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1,3-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 2,2'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the isocyanate component of the polyurethane is an aliphatic diisocyanate containing an aliphatic ether group. In certain embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the isocyanate component of the polyurethane of the flexural element is selected from the group consisting of: hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), ethylene diisocyanate, methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (MDI), hydrogenated methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (HMDI), or 4,4'-diisocyanodicyclohexylmethane, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), or 1-isocyano-3-isocyanomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane, 1 6-Diisocyanatohexane, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), alkylene diisocyanates having 4 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkylene group (e.g., 1,2-dodecane diisocyanate, 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate), 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1,3-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 2,2'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, and combinations thereof.

[0049] In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments disclosed herein, the polyurethane of the flexural element comprises (and further comprises) at least one chain extender. In other embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the polyurethane of the flexural element does not contain a chain extender. In those embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments (where the polyurethane of the flexural element comprises (and further comprises) at least one chain extender), the one or more specific chain extenders used may vary. In preferred embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the chain extender comprises a diol having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbon atoms), preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Typically, the chain extender may be aliphatic or aromatic. In preferred embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, any chain extender used is aliphatic. Non-limiting examples of aliphatic diols include ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the chain extender of the polyurethane of the flexural element comprises at least one aliphatic diol preferably selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and combinations thereof; in some such embodiments, the chain extender of the polyurethane of the flexural element is composed of at least one aliphatic diol preferably selected from the aforementioned group. Non-limiting examples of aromatic diols include those based on terephthalic acid, including diesters of terephthalic acid and diols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the chain extender of the polyurethane of the flexural element comprises at least one aromatic diol; in some such embodiments, the chain extender of the polyurethane of the flexural element is composed of at least one aromatic diol.

[0050] The specific properties of the polyurethane flexure in the first to fifth embodiments may vary. For example, in some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the polyurethane flexure is able to function at temperatures ranging from -65℉ to 160℉ (-55℃ to 70℃) without cracking or tearing.

[0051] Polyurethane Flexural Components - Slender Composite Spoke Bonded Assembly

[0052] According to the method of the first embodiment, as described above, insert molding produces a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly, wherein the polyurethane flexure is bonded to the end of the cured elongated composite spoke at at least a first surface of the end of the cured elongated composite spoke. According to the second to fifth embodiments, the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly further includes a polyurethane flexure bonded to the end of the elongated composite spoke at at least a first surface of the end of the elongated composite spoke (or alternatively interpreted as a treated textured embossed surface of the end of the elongated composite spoke). In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the polyurethane flexure is bonded to the end of the elongated composite spoke at a first surface of the end of the elongated composite spoke (at a treated textured embossed surface on the first surface of the end of the elongated composite spoke). In other embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the polyurethane flexure is bonded to the end of the elongated composite spoke at a first and a second surface (at the treated textured embossed surface on the first and a second surface at the end of the elongated composite spoke); in some such embodiments, the polyurethane flexure is bonded to the entire outer surface of the (first) end of the elongated spoke (i.e., both the first and a second surface and any other surface between the two surfaces), or to the treated textured embossed surface on the entire outer surface of the first end of the elongated composite spoke.

[0053] According to the method of the first embodiment, and in the second to fifth embodiments, the polyurethane flexure is at least 120 pli (e.g., 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, etc.), 120 pli to 250 pli, and at least 21000 N / m (e.g., 21000 N / m, 22000 N / m, 23000 N / m, 24000 N / m, 25000 N / m, 26000 N / m, 27000 N / m, 28000 N / m, 2900 N / m). Peel strengths of 0 N / m, 30000 N / m, 31000 N / m, 32000 N / m, 33000 N / m, 34000 N / m, 35000 N / m, 36000 N / m, 37000 N / m, 38000 N / m, 39000 N / m, 40000 N / m, 41000 N / m, 42000 N / m, 43000 N / m, 44000 N / m, etc.) or 21000 N / m to 44000 N / m are bonded to the ends of the elongated composite spokes (i.e., at least on its first surface or on its treated textured embossed surface, as discussed above). In other words, the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly has peel strengths as described. As used herein, pli refers to pounds per line inch, and N / m refers to Newtons per meter. In preferred embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the peel strength is at least 140 pli (e.g., 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, etc.), 140 pli to 250 pli, and at least 24000 N / m (e.g., 24000 N / m, 25000 N / m, 26000 N / m, 27000 N / m, 28000 N / m). 29000N / m, 30000N / m, 31000N / m, 32000N / m, 33000N / m, 34000N / m, 35000N / m, 36000N / m, 37000N / m, 38000N / m, 39000N / m, 40000N / m, 41000N / m, 42000N / m, 43000N / m, 44000N / m, etc.) or 24000N / m to 44000N / m.In more preferred embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the peel strength is at least 150 pli (e.g., 150 pli, 160 pli, 170 pli, 180 pli, 190 pli, 200 pli, 210 pli, 220 pli, 230 pli, 240 pli, 250 pli, etc.), 150 pli to 250 pli, and at least 26000 N / m (e.g., 26000 N / m, 27000 N / m, 280 pli). The values ​​are 00 N / m, 29000 N / m, 30000 N / m, 31000 N / m, 32000 N / m, 33000 N / m, 34000 N / m, 35000 N / m, 36000 N / m, 37000 N / m, 38000 N / m, 39000 N / m, 40000 N / m, 41000 N / m, 42000 N / m, 43000 N / m, 44000 N / m, etc.) or 26000 N / m to 44000 N / m. The aforementioned peel strengths can be measured according to ASTM D6892 / D903 at room temperature (i.e., 25°C).

[0054] As described above, the shape of the polyurethane flexure produced by insert molding and / or bonded to the end of the elongated composite spoke can vary. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the polyurethane flexure has a shape selected from the group consisting of: a rectangular cube; a curved hourglass shape; a polygon having an inner surface, an outer surface, and a peripheral edge between the inner and outer surfaces, wherein at least a portion of the peripheral edge is curved inward; and combinations thereof. As used herein, the phrase "curved inward" means that a portion of the peripheral edge has a concave profile, which can be selected from various shapes, including elliptical, partially circular, or irregular. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the polyurethane flexure has a rectangular cube shape. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the polyurethane flexure has a curved hourglass shape. In some embodiments of the first to fifth embodiments, the polyurethane flexure has a polygonal shape having an inner surface, an outer surface, and a peripheral edge between the inner and outer surfaces, wherein at least a portion of the peripheral edge is curved inward. Similarly, the polyurethane flexure produced by insert molding can be understood as having two facing surfaces, more specifically, a spoke-facing surface (where the polyurethane flexure is bonded to the spokes, as discussed above) and a belt-facing surface (where the polyurethane flexure will contact and bond to the inner surface of the outer ring of the non-pneumatic tire (also referred to herein as the annular ring). The attachment between the polyurethane flexure and the outer ring can be achieved using welding, brazing, soldering, adhesives, mechanical fasteners (e.g., bolts, rivets), key / keyway connections, or any other desired arrangement. In those embodiments of the first through fifth embodiments (where an adhesive is used to bond the polyurethane flexure to the outer ring), the specific adhesive used can vary. In some embodiments of the first through fifth embodiments, an epoxy adhesive is used to bond the polyurethane flexure to the outer ring. In other embodiments of the first through fifth embodiments, a hot-melt adhesive is used to bond the polyurethane flexure to the outer ring.

[0055] Fourth and Fifth Implementation Plans

[0056] As described above, the fourth embodiment disclosed herein relates to a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly for use in a non-pneumatic tire, the assembly comprising: a cured elongated composite spoke having an end having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the cured elongated composite spoke comprises fibers and epoxy resin, the fibers being selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, and combinations thereof; and a polyurethane flexure bonded to the end of the elongated composite spoke with a peel strength of at least 120 pli (at least 21000 N / m), preferably at least 140 pli (at least 24000 N / m), more preferably at least 150 pli, i.e., 26000 N / m, as determined by a 90-degree peel strength test (according to ASTM D6892 / D903), wherein the end of the elongated composite spoke has a treated textured embossed surface on at least its first surface beneath the bonded polyurethane flexure, wherein the treated textured embossed surface includes a treated coating on the textured embossed surface. The textured coating can be understood as being applied to (or on top of) a textured embossed surface. Similarly, as stated above, the fifth embodiment disclosed herein relates to a non-pneumatic tire incorporating the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke adhesive assembly of the fourth embodiment. The following paragraphs, specifically relating to the fourth and fifth embodiments disclosed herein, should not be construed as limiting the fourth and fifth embodiments to the options immediately discussed below. Rather, the fourth and fifth embodiments should be understood as being disclosed as broadly as described above with respect to the fourth and fifth embodiments, and will be understood as being produced using methods from the first to the third embodiments discussed above.

[0057] In certain embodiments of the fourth and fifth embodiments, the treated textured embossed surface has a size of 150 microinches to 450 microinches as determined by profilometry (e.g., 150 microinches, 160 microinches, 170 microinches, 180 microinches, 190 microinches, 200 microinches, 210 microinches, 220 microinches, 230 microinches, 240 microinches, 250 microinches, 260 microinches, 270 microinches, 280 microinches, 290 microinches, 300 microinches, 310 microinches, 320 microinches, 330 microinches, 340 microinches, 350 microinches, 360 microinches, 370 microinches, 380 microinches, 390 microinches, 400 microinches, 410 microinches, 420 microinches, 430 microinches, 440 microinches or...). The roughness average value Ra is 4 to 11 micrometers (e.g., 4 micrometers, 5 micrometers, 6 micrometers, 7 micrometers, 8 micrometers, 9 micrometers, 10 micrometers or 11 micrometers), preferably 200 to 400 micrometers (e.g., 200 micrometers, 210 micrometers, 220 micrometers, 230 micrometers, 240 micrometers, 250 micrometers, 260 micrometers, 270 micrometers, 280 micrometers, 290 micrometers, 300 micrometers, 310 micrometers, 320 micrometers, 330 micrometers, 340 micrometers, 350 micrometers, 360 micrometers, 370 micrometers, 380 micrometers, 390 micrometers or 400 micrometers) or 5 to 10 micrometers (e.g., 5 micrometers, 6 micrometers, 7 micrometers, 8 micrometers, 9 micrometers or 10 micrometers), as discussed above.

[0058] In certain embodiments of the fourth and fifth embodiments, the textured embossed surface has a surface area of ​​1200 to 1700 microinches (e.g., 1200 microinches, 1300 microinches, 1400 microinches, 1500 microinches, 1600 microinches, or 1700 microinches) as measured by profilometry, or 30 to 43 micrometers (e.g., 30 micrometers, 31 micrometers, 32 micrometers, 33 micrometers, 34 micrometers, 35 micrometers, 36 micrometers, 37 micrometers, 38 micrometers, or 39 micrometers). The average maximum height or average maximum profile height Rz of the profile is preferably 1300 microinches to 1600 microinches (e.g., 1300 microinches, 1400 microinches, 1500 microinches, 1600 microinches, or 1700 microinches) or 33 microinches to 41 microinches (e.g., 33 microinches, 34 microinches, 35 microinches, 36 microinches, 37 microinches, 38 microinches, 39 microinches, 40 microinches, or 41 microinches), as discussed above. In some embodiments of the fourth and fifth embodiments, the textured embossing has an average surface roughness Ra and an average maximum profile height Rz according to the corresponding ranges described above, preferably according to the corresponding preferred ranges described above.

[0059] In some embodiments of the fourth and fifth embodiments, the treatment coating has a thickness of 0.5 nm to 10 nm.

[0060] In some embodiments of the fourth and fifth embodiments, the epoxy resin of the elongated composite spokes has a curing time of no more than 15 minutes at 150°C, preferably no more than 12 minutes at 150°C.

[0061] In some embodiments of the fourth and fifth embodiments, the first surface of the elongated composite spokes is flat.

[0062] In certain embodiments of the fourth and fifth embodiments, the polyurethane flexure has a shape selected from the group consisting of: a rectangular cube; a curved hourglass shape; a polygon having an inner surface, an outer surface, and a peripheral edge between the inner and outer surfaces, wherein at least a portion of the peripheral edge is curved inward; and combinations thereof.

[0063] Non-pneumatic tires including polyurethane flexures-slender composite spoke bonded combination

[0064] As described above, the third embodiment disclosed herein relates to a non-pneumatic tire incorporating a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly of the second embodiment, which is manufactured by the method of the first embodiment. Similarly, as described above, the fifth embodiment disclosed herein relates to a non-pneumatic tire incorporating a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly of the fourth embodiment. Embodiments of the method of the first embodiment are also disclosed herein, wherein the method further includes adding the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly to the non-pneumatic tire, preferably by bonding the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly to an outer ring within the non-pneumatic tire, wherein the outer ring has an outer surface and an inner surface, and the outer ring is covered by a tread on its outer surface and bonded to the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly via a polyurethane flexure on its inner surface. The non-pneumatic tire of the fifth embodiment disclosed herein can be understood as including the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly of the fourth embodiment, wherein the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly is bonded to an outer ring within the non-pneumatic tire, wherein the outer ring has an outer surface and an inner surface, and the outer ring is covered by a tread on its outer surface and bonded to the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly via a polyurethane flexure on its inner surface.

[0065] This application discloses several numerical range limitations that support any range within the disclosed numerical range, even if the precise range limitations are not stated verbatim in the specification, because embodiments of the compositions and methods disclosed herein can be implemented throughout the disclosed numerical range. For the use of substantially any plural or singular terminology herein, those skilled in the art can convert from plural to singular or vice versa, as appropriate according to the context or application. Various singular or plural arrangements may be explicitly described herein for clarity.

[0066] Generally, those skilled in the art will understand that the terms used herein, particularly in the appended claims, are typically intended to be “open-ended” terms. For example, the term “comprising” should be understood as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be understood as “at least having,” and the term “including” should be understood as “including but not limited to.” Those skilled in the art will also understand that if a particular number of introductory claims are desired, such intent will be clearly stated in the claims, and the absence of such a statement indicates the absence of such intent. For example, for ease of understanding, the appended claims may contain the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce the claims. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed as implying that the introduction of a claim statement by the indefinite article "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such an introduction to an invention containing only one such statement, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrase "a or a plurality of" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" or "an" should generally be understood to mean "at least one" or "a or a plurality of"); the same applies to the use of definite articles to introduce a claim statement. Furthermore, even when the specific number of introduced claim statements is clearly stated, those skilled in the art will recognize that such statements should generally be understood to mean at least the number stated (e.g., simply stating "two statements" without other modifiers generally means at least two statements, or two or more statements). Furthermore, in cases where a convention similar to "at least one of A, B, and C" is used, such a structure is generally intended to be understood by those skilled in the art as to include (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" includes, but is not limited to, a system with only A, a system with only B, a system with only C, a system having A and B, a system having A and C, a system having B and C, and / or a system having A, B, and C, etc.). Those skilled in the art will also understand that any transitional conjunction or phrase that actually gives two or more alternatives, whether in the specification, claims, or drawings, should be understood to envision the possibility of including one, any, or both of these items. For example, the phrase "A or B" should be understood to include the possibility of "A" or "B" or "A and B".

[0067] All references, including but not limited to patents, patent applications and non-patent literature, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0068] While various aspects and embodiments of compositions and methods have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for illustrative purposes and are not intended to be limiting; their true scope and substance are indicated by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for producing a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly for use in non-pneumatic tires, the method comprising: An uncured elongated composite spoke with an end having a first surface and a second surface is provided, wherein the uncured elongated composite spoke comprises fibers and epoxy resin, the fibers being selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, and combinations thereof; A release sheet fabric is applied to at least the first surface of the uncured elongated composite spoke to produce a release sheet fabric-uncured elongated composite spoke combination, wherein the release sheet fabric comprises a woven synthetic fabric having warp and weft yarns. The release sheet fabric-uncured elongated composite spoke assembly is cured by applying heat and pressure to produce a cured release sheet fabric-cured elongated composite spoke assembly. The cured release sheet fabric is removed from the cured release sheet fabric-cured elongated composite spoke assembly to produce a cured elongated composite spoke having a textured embossed surface. A solvent-based isocyanate-containing activator is applied to the textured embossing surface to produce a treated textured embossing surface; as well as The polyurethane flexible insert is molded onto at least a portion of the treated textured embossed surface. This results in a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly having a peel strength of at least 120 pli (at least 21,000 N / m), preferably at least 140 pli (at least 24,000 N / m), and more preferably at least 150 pli (26,000 N / m) as determined by a 90-degree peel strength test (according to ASTM D6892 / D903).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solvent-based isocyanate activator comprises a polyisocyanate.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the polyisocyanate satisfies at least one of the following, preferably each of the following: (a) it is a diisocyanate or triisocyanate compound, preferably a triisocyanate compound; (b) it contains an aromatic group, preferably phenyl or benzyl; or (c) it contains a phosphate group, preferably a thiophosphate group.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the solvent-based isocyanate activator is applied by spraying, rolling, dipping, or wiping, preferably by wiping.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising evaporating the solvent in the solvent-based isocyanate activator prior to insert molding.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the solvent-based isocyanate activator satisfies at least one of the following, preferably all of the following. a. Having a solvent content of more than 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, and more preferably at least 70% by weight. b. Contains 5% to 30% by weight, preferably 5% to 10% by weight, of isocyanate. c. Containing a coupling agent, preferably a resorcinol-based coupling agent, in an amount of up to 10% by weight. d. Containing at least one polar solvent, preferably at least one ester polar solvent, more preferably at least one acetate polar solvent, or e. Having a viscosity of 35 to 50 seconds, preferably 40 to 45 seconds, as measured using a No. 2 DIN cup at 25°C.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the treated textured embossed surface satisfies at least one of the following, preferably each of the following: (a) having a roughness average value Ra of 150 microinches to 450 microinches (4 micrometers to 11 micrometers), preferably 200 microinches to 400 microinches (5 micrometers to 10 micrometers), as determined by profilometry; or (b) having an average maximum height Rz of a profile of 1200 microinches to 1700 microinches (30 micrometers to 43 micrometers), preferably 1300 microinches to 1600 microinches (33 micrometers to 41 micrometers).

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the warp and weft yarns of the woven synthetic fabric of the peeled sheet fabric comprise materials selected from the group consisting of nylon, polyester, glass fiber, aramid, and combinations thereof.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the peeling layer fabric is resin-free.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the release liner fabric comprises a resin, preferably an epoxy resin, the resin having a curing time of not more than 15 minutes at 150°C, preferably not more than 12 minutes at 150°C.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the peeling layer fabric is free of a peeling agent.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the release layer fabric contains at least one release agent.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the woven synthetic fabric of the peeled-off layer fabric has 10 to 100 warp yarns / cm (e.g., 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100 warp yarns / cm), preferably 15 to 80 warp yarns / cm (e.g., 15, 20, 2...). 5, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 or 80 warp yarns / cm, and 10 to 60 weft yarns / cm (e.g., 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 or 60 weft yarns / cm), preferably 15 to 40 weft yarns / cm (e.g., 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40 weft yarns / cm).

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the epoxy resin of the uncured elongated spokes has a curing time of no more than 12 minutes at 150°C.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the first surface of the uncured elongated composite spoke is flat.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the polyurethane flexure has a shape selected from the group consisting of: a rectangular cube; a curved hourglass shape; a polygon having an inner surface, an outer surface, and a peripheral edge between the inner surface and the outer surface, wherein at least a portion of the peripheral edge is curved inward; and combinations thereof.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, further comprising adding the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly to a non-pneumatic tire, preferably by bonding the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly to an outer ring within the non-pneumatic tire, wherein the outer ring has an outer surface and an inner surface, and the outer ring is covered by a tread on its outer surface and bonded to the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly via the polyurethane flexure on its inner surface.

18. A polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

19. A non-pneumatic tire, said non-pneumatic tire being combined with the polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly according to claim 18.

20. A polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly for use in a non-pneumatic tire, the assembly comprising: A cured elongated composite spoke with an end having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the elongated composite spoke comprises fibers and epoxy resin, the fibers being selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, and combinations thereof. and A polyurethane flexure, said polyurethane flexure, is bonded to the end of the cured elongated composite spoke with a peel strength of at least 120 pli (at least 21000 N / m), preferably at least 140 pli (at least 24000 N / m), and more preferably at least 150 pli (26000 N / m) as determined by a 90-degree peel strength test (according to ASTM D6892 / D903). The end of the cured elongated composite spoke has a treated textured embossed surface on at least its first surface beneath the bonded polyurethane flexure, wherein the treated textured embossed surface includes a treated coating on the textured embossed surface.

21. The polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly of claim 20, wherein the treated textured embossed surface satisfies at least one of the following, preferably each of the following: (a) having an average roughness Ra of 150 microinches to 450 microinches (4 micrometers to 11 micrometers), preferably 200 microinches to 400 microinches (5 micrometers to 10 micrometers), as determined by profilometry; or (b) having an average maximum height Rz of a profile of 1200 microinches to 1700 microinches (30 micrometers to 43 micrometers), preferably 1300 microinches to 1600 microinches (33 micrometers to 41 micrometers).

22. The polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke adhesive assembly according to claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the first surface of the elongated composite spoke is flat.

23. The polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonded assembly according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the polyurethane flexure has a shape selected from the group consisting of: a rectangular cube; a curved hourglass shape; a polygon having an inner surface, an outer surface, and a peripheral edge between the inner surface and the outer surface, wherein at least a portion of the peripheral edge is curved inward; and combinations thereof.

24. A non-pneumatic tire, said non-pneumatic tire incorporating a polyurethane flexure-elongated composite spoke bonding assembly according to any one of claims 20 to 23.