Multi-degree-of-freedom forming device and multi-degree-of-freedom forming method for microalloyed particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite
By using a multi-degree-of-freedom forming device and method, combined with high-energy ball milling and ultrasonic vibration of SiCp particles, the problems of poor mechanical properties and anisotropy of aluminum matrix composite plates were solved, and the preparation of high-strength, high-toughness, and low-cost aluminum matrix composite materials was achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610004847.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing aluminum-based composite rolled sheets suffer from problems such as poor mechanical properties, significant anisotropy, and high cost. Traditional processes are complex and have size limitations.
A multi-degree-of-freedom forming device and method, including a clamping assembly and a forming assembly, is used to form a metal slab by contacting a rotating roller. This is combined with high-energy ball milling of SiCp particles, rare earth element regulation, and ultrasonic vibration to prepare microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites.
The mechanical properties of aluminum-based composite materials have been improved, the forming difficulty has been reduced, and high-strength, high-toughness, isotropic aluminum-based composite material sheets have been achieved, thereby reducing costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN121869923A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of aluminum-based composite materials technology, and more specifically to a multi-degree-of-freedom forming apparatus and method for microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials. Background Technology
[0002] Particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites (PRAMCs) refer to aluminum matrix composites that achieve high specific strength, excellent wear resistance, and high-temperature stability by introducing ceramic particles (such as SiC, Al2O3, B4C, etc.) into the aluminum alloy matrix. They have attracted widespread attention in aerospace, defense, and other fields. Currently, the commonly used manufacturing process for PRAMC sheets is a combination of stir casting and conventional rolling. However, the application of PRAMC sheets faces the following problems: existing aluminum alloy systems lack sufficient strength and toughness, and are prone to dynamic recrystallization and coarsening under high-temperature deformation; reinforcing particles are prone to agglomeration and reaction at the bonding interface to form the brittle phase Al4C3, resulting in a significant reduction in material elongation; traditional rolling processes tend to cause significant anisotropy in the sheets. Existing improvement methods, such as powder metallurgy and asynchronous rolling, can partially optimize the microstructure and improve performance, but still face problems such as complex processes, high costs, and size limitations.
[0003] Based on this, in order to meet the needs of industrial development, it is urgent to propose a multi-degree-of-freedom forming method for microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite plates to improve the engineering application of PRAMCs plates in high-performance components. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention proposes a multi-degree-of-freedom forming device and method for microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites, aiming to solve the problems of poor mechanical properties, significant anisotropy, and high cost of existing aluminum matrix composite rolled sheets.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in one aspect, the present invention provides a multi-degree-of-freedom forming apparatus for performing multi-degree-of-freedom forming processing on a metal slab, wherein the metal slab is a micro-alloyed particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, characterized in that the apparatus comprises: The clamping assembly includes a core mold and a tail tip connected to the machine tool, wherein the metal blank to be processed is clamped by the core mold and the tail tip and driven to rotate. The forming assembly includes a roller frame connected to the slide of a machine tool. Two rollers are mounted on the roller frame, which are distributed on both sides of the tail and can move along the axial direction of the mandrel. The metal slab to be processed contacts the two rollers simultaneously during rotation to form the slab.
[0006] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the core mold is connected to the machine tool via a core mold adapter plate.
[0007] As a further preferred technical solution of the present invention, the end face of the core mold used to clamp the metal blank is provided with a groove for fixing the metal blank. The groove is circular and has a depth of 2~10mm.
[0008] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a supporting insulating pad is installed between the rotary roller frame and the slide of the machine tool.
[0009] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material includes the following steps: (1) SiC p The material was immersed in an HF aqueous solution and, after complete precipitation, was repeatedly washed with distilled water until the pH of the aqueous solution was 7±0.2. It was then dried to remove residual surface moisture and calcined at 900~1000℃ to obtain SiC with a SiO2 layer on the surface. p Particles; (2) SiCp particles and aluminum powder are mixed evenly by ball milling to obtain SiC p -Al composite powder; (3) Under an inert protective atmosphere, 2024Al ingots were melted in a graphite crucible. After reaching the molten state, Re (La / Ce=3 / 2) and Zr were added, and the temperature was held for a predetermined time. Then, the temperature was lowered to the semi-solid temperature range of 620-640 °C, and SiC was added to the semi-solid melt. p -Al composite powder, mechanically stirred to make SiC p The particles are fully and evenly dispersed; then the temperature is raised to 730-750 ℃, and the particles are further evenly dispersed by ultrasonic vibration; finally, the molten liquid is cast and solidified under load to obtain micro-alloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material. (4) The obtained microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is homogenized; In the microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, the SiC p The amount of particles added accounts for 0.5~2wt% of the total amount of aluminum matrix composite material, and the amount of Re (La / Ce=3 / 2) element and Zr element added accounts for 0.1~0.3wt% and 0.1~0.2wt% of the total amount of aluminum matrix composite material, respectively.
[0010] As a further preferred technical solution of the present invention, the SiC p The particle size is 40~80nm.
[0011] As a further preferred technical solution of the present invention, SiC p-Al composite powder is composed of SiC at a mass ratio of 1:3~6 p It is composed of aluminum powder.
[0012] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass percentage concentration of the HF aqueous solution is 3-5%.
[0013] As a further preferred technical solution of the present invention, the process parameters of the mechanical stirring are: stirring speed of 550~650 rpm and stirring time of 5~10 min; and / or, the process parameters of the ultrasonic vibration are: ultrasonic frequency of 10~20 kHz, power of 2~2.5 kW and ultrasonic vibration time of 5~10 min; and / or, the process parameters of the load conditions are: load pressure of 400~500 kN and pressure holding time of 3~5 min.
[0014] As a further preferred technical solution of the present invention, the homogenization process is as follows: first, heat treatment at 450~480℃ for 5~8 hours, then heat treatment at 490~520℃ for 10~16 hours, and finally water cooling.
[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a multi-degree-of-freedom forming method employing the above-described multi-degree-of-freedom forming apparatus, comprising the following steps: (1) Preheat the metal slab by holding it at 480~500 ℃ for 30~40 min; (2) The preheated metal slab is quickly transferred to the machine tool and clamped by the core mold and the tail jack. (3) Start the machine tool spindle, so that the core mold, tail top and metal blank rotate together at speed N, and move the machine tool slide so that the two rotating rollers contact the metal blank at the same time and squeeze the metal blank at speed V to complete the multi-degree-of-freedom forming. The core mold rotation speed N is 80~120 r / min, and the rotary roller extrusion speed V is 1.2~1.8 mm / s.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides SiC with a SiO2 layer formed on its surface after calcination. p The aluminum powder was mixed with high-energy ball milling, and then a cast microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material was obtained by stirring casting combined with ultrasonic vibration. A multi-degree-of-freedom forming tooling method was then used to obtain microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material sheets. First, SiC was calcined... pHigh-energy ball milling effectively improved the interfacial bonding between nanoparticles and the aluminum alloy matrix and suppressed the formation of harmful Al4C3 phase at the interface. Secondly, by adding rare earth elements during the melting process to regulate the precipitated phases in the aluminum alloy matrix, the mechanical properties of PRAMCs were effectively improved. Subsequently, mechanical stirring and ultrasonic vibration effectively improved the agglomeration of reinforcing particles in the matrix, resulting in a uniform distribution of reinforcing particles. Finally, multi-degree-of-freedom forming reduced the forming difficulty while effectively improving the anisotropy of the aluminum matrix composite material sheet during the forming process, resulting in a high-strength, high-toughness, isotropic microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material sheet.
[0017] This invention achieves the preparation of high-strength, high-toughness, and highly isotropic aluminum-based composite material plates by comprehensively considering the influence of matrix alloy design, reinforcement addition method, and slab forming method on the mechanical properties of materials. Attached Figure Description
[0018] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-degree-of-freedom forming tooling designed in Example 1, wherein the rotation direction of the core mold and the extrusion direction of the rotary roller are as shown by the arrows, and the rotational speed of the core mold and the extrusion speed of the rotary roller are N and V, respectively.
[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling for performance testing of rolled plates in Comparative Examples 1 and 3.
[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling for the performance testing of the sheet metal in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.
[0022] Figure 4 This is the mechanical property curve of the 2024Al rolled sheet material of Comparative Example 1.
[0023] Figure 5 The mechanical property curves of the 2024Al multi-degree-of-freedom forming sheet are shown in Comparative Example 2.
[0024] Figure 6 The mechanical property curves of the rolled sheet material of microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in Comparative Example 3 are shown.
[0025] Figure 7 The mechanical property curves are those of the multi-degree-of-freedom formed sheet material of microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in Example 1.
[0026] Figure 8 It refers to the microstructure of the homogenized microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and the composite material at different angles after multi-degree-of-freedom forming.
[0027] The objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation
[0028] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
[0029] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms used in the following embodiments have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental reagents used in the following embodiments are conventional biochemical reagents; and the experimental methods described are conventional methods.
[0030] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this example provides a multi-degree-of-freedom forming device for processing microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite slabs, comprising a clamping assembly and a forming assembly, wherein: The clamping assembly includes a core mold 3 and a tail tip 8 connected to the machine tool 1. The core mold 3 is connected to the machine tool 1 via a core mold adapter plate 2. The metal blank to be processed is clamped by the core mold 3 and the tail tip 8 and rotated. The end face of the core mold 3 is provided with a circular groove with a depth of 5mm for fixing the metal blank 4. The forming assembly includes a rotary roller frame 6 connected to the slide of the machine tool 1. A supporting insulating pad 7 is installed between the rotary roller frame 6 and the slide of the machine tool 1. Two rotary rollers 5 are installed on the rotary roller frame 6 and distributed on both sides of the tail 8. When the rotary roller frame 6 moves with the slide, it drives the rotary rollers to move along the axial direction of the core mold 3, so that the metal blank 4 to be processed contacts the two rotary rollers 5 simultaneously during the rotation for extrusion forming.
[0031] It should be noted that the slide of machine tool 1 is a conventional structure. Figure 1 The image is not shown. The rotary roller frame 6 can be connected to the slide table in accordance with conventional settings to ensure that the rotary roller frame 6 can drive the rotary roller 5 to move along the axial direction of the core mold 3 with the slide table.
[0032] This example also provides a multi-degree-of-freedom forming method using the aforementioned multi-degree-of-freedom forming apparatus. The processing object is a metal slab of microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, specifically prepared by adding 0.3 wt.% Re (La / Ce=3 / 2), 0.2 wt.% Zr, and 1.0 wt.% SiCp particles (40-60 nm) to 2024Al ingot as the matrix alloy composition. The specific multi-degree-of-freedom forming method is as follows: Step 1: Preparation of SiC p -Al composite powder SiC with a particle size of 40-60 nm p The material was immersed in a 5 wt.% HF aqueous solution. After complete precipitation, it was repeatedly washed with distilled water until the pH of the aqueous solution reached 7. It was then placed in a drying oven and dried at 100 °C for 8 hours to remove residual surface moisture. Following this, it was calcined at 1000 °C for 2 hours to precipitate the SiC. p A SiO2 layer is formed on the surface; calcined SiC p Mixed with aluminum powder, in which SiC p The mass ratio of aluminum powder to argon is 1:5. Argon gas is introduced into the ball mill jar, and staged ball milling is performed under a protective atmosphere. The specific ball milling process is as follows: the first stage ball milling speed is 170 rpm, and the ball milling time is 4 hours; the second stage ball milling speed is 250 rpm, and the ball milling time is 16 hours; the third stage ball milling speed is 330 rpm, and the ball milling time is 8 hours. In each stage of the ball milling process, the ball mill rotates clockwise and counterclockwise for 10 minutes each, with a 10-minute interval in between, and finally obtains SiC. p -Al composite powder.
[0033] Step 2: Preparation of microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite ingots First, the 2024Al ingot was placed in a graphite crucible, and argon gas was introduced. Under a protective atmosphere, the temperature was raised to 750 °C. After the alloy reached a molten state, Al-10Re master alloy and Al-10Zr master alloy containing Re (La / Ce=3 / 2) and Zr elements were added, and the mixture was held at this temperature for 10 minutes. Then, the melt was cooled to a semi-solid temperature range of 620-640 °C, and SiC was added to the semi-solid melt. p -Al composite powder was thoroughly and uniformly dispersed by mechanical stirring at 650 rpm for 5-8 minutes; subsequently, the temperature was raised to 730-750℃, and SiC was subjected to ultrasonic vibration. p Further uniform dispersion was achieved by ultrasonic vibration at a frequency of 20 kHz and a power of 2 kW for 5-8 min. Finally, the molten material was cast and rapidly solidified under a load of 450 kN to obtain a cast microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.
[0034] The prepared microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material was homogenized in an electric resistance furnace to facilitate subsequent multi-degree-of-freedom forming. The homogenization process was as follows: first, heat treatment at 450℃ for 8 hours, then heat treatment at 500℃ for 16 hours, and finally water cooling.
[0035] Step 3: Take the circular metal blank of the microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material after the above homogenization treatment (the initial material diameter is 80mm and the thickness is 25mm) and preheat it at 500℃ for 40min; then, quickly transfer the preheated metal blank to the mandrel and clamp it with the tail end; start the machine tool spindle, so that the mandrel, tail end and metal blank rotate together at a speed of N=100r / min, and move the machine tool slide so that the two rollers contact the metal blank at the same time and squeeze the metal blank at a speed of V=1.5mm / s to start forming; when the thinning reaches 15mm, stop the spindle rotation, remove the slide, remove the tail end, and obtain the microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite multi-degree-of-freedom forming plate (hereinafter referred to as: composite multi-degree-of-freedom forming plate).
[0036] To further demonstrate the beneficial technical effects of the present invention, the following comparative experiments were proposed.
[0037] Comparative Example 1: As a control experiment for Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that, based on the 2024Al composition, no additional Re (La / Ce=3 / 2) elements, Zr elements, or SiC elements were added. p Furthermore, conventional rolling was chosen as the subsequent forming method.
[0038] The preparation process of the processed object in Comparative Example 1 was as follows: A 2024Al ingot was placed in a graphite crucible under an argon protective atmosphere and heated to 750℃. After the ingot reached a molten state, it was held at that temperature for a certain period of time. Then, mechanical stirring was performed at a speed of 650 rpm for 5-8 minutes. Next, ultrasonic vibration was performed at a frequency of 20 kHz and a power of 2 kW for 5-8 minutes. Finally, the molten liquid was poured and rapidly solidified under a load of 450 kN to obtain the as-cast 2024Al alloy. Subsequently, the as-cast 2024Al alloy was homogenized. The homogenization process involves holding the 2024Al alloy ingot at 450℃ for 8 hours and then at 500℃ for 16 hours, followed by water cooling. Subsequently, the surface of the rolls is heated to 150-160℃, and the prepared 2024Al alloy ingot is heated to 500℃ and held for 40 minutes before rolling. The first pass has a reduction of 5%, and each subsequent pass has a reduction of 10%-15%. After each rolling deformation, the plate is held at 500℃ for 10 minutes. Through multiple rolling passes, a 2024Al rolled plate with the same deformation amount as multi-degree-of-freedom forming is finally obtained.
[0039] Comparative Example 2: As a control experiment for Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that, based on the 2024Al composition, no additional Re (La / Ce=3 / 2) elements, Zr elements, or SiC elements were added. pThe preparation method of the metal blank to be processed is the same as that of Comparative Example 1; the forming method of the metal blank of Comparative Example 2 is the same as that of Example 1, and finally a 2024Al multi-degree-of-freedom forming plate is obtained.
[0040] Comparative Example 3: As a control experiment of Example 1, the only difference from Example 1 is that the subsequent forming method is conventional rolling, that is, the circular metal slab of microalloyed particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material after homogenization treatment in Example 1 is formed into a plate by the same rolling method as Comparative Example 1, and the deformation amount is the same as that of Example 1, and finally the microalloyed particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material rolled forming plate (hereinafter referred to as: composite material rolled forming plate) is obtained.
[0041] Performance testing of shaped sheet metal: To analyze the anisotropy of the formed sheet, the rolled sheet was subjected to the following methods: Figure 2 The sampling method shown is used for the sheet metal after multi-degree-of-freedom forming. Figure 3 The sampling methods shown were used to conduct mechanical property tests on 2024Al rolled sheet, 2024Al multi-degree-of-freedom formed sheet, composite rolled sheet, and composite multi-degree-of-freedom formed sheet, respectively. The mechanical properties are as follows: Figure 4-7 As shown; through comparison Figure 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen that the mechanical properties of rolled 2024Al exhibit significant anisotropy in different directions, with the best mechanical properties along the rolling direction. However, the mechanical properties of the sheet material after multi-degree-of-freedom forming are similar at various angles. The multi-degree-of-freedom forming method proposed in this invention reduces the difficulty of sheet material forming while reducing the texture generated during the deformation process, thereby effectively overcoming the problem of anisotropy in the mechanical properties of sheet material after conventional rolling.
[0042] By comparison Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As can be seen, the composite multi-degree-of-freedom forming plate obtained in Example 1 has significant mechanical properties. While ensuring isotropic properties, its yield strength reaches 265.6 MPa, which is 41.6% higher than that of Comparative Example 2 (187.6 MPa), and its tensile strength reaches 404.9 MPa, which is 43.3% higher than that of Comparative Example 2 (282.6 MPa). It also has an elongation of 14.3%. This shows that the aluminum alloy matrix composition design and the addition of nanoparticle reinforcement proposed in this invention effectively improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of aluminum-based composite materials.
[0043] Figure 8The microstructures of microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites after homogenization treatment and at different angles after multi-degree-of-freedom forming are shown. Figure 8 As can be seen in (a), after homogenization treatment, the as-cast material contains a large number of dispersed, tiny black and gray precipitates in the matrix, indicating the presence of trace alloying elements (La / Ce, Zr) and SiC. p The addition of [a specific ingredient] promotes the precipitation of the second phase in the matrix and inhibits its growth, which is beneficial to improving the mechanical properties of the composite material; through comparison... Figure 8 As can be seen from (b), (c), and (d), the material after multi-degree-of-freedom forming exhibits obvious isotropy in different directions. At the same time, the second phase is broken up, and the finer and more dispersed second phase further improves the comprehensive mechanical properties of the composite material.
[0044] In summary, the multi-degree-of-freedom forming method for composite material sheets proposed in this invention employs a strategy combining composite micro-alloying, stirring casting with ultrasonic vibration, and multi-degree-of-freedom forming to achieve efficient fabrication of high-performance PRAMCs sheets. Through an HF etching-calcination process, in SiC... p An in-situ SiO2 transition layer is generated on the surface, significantly improving interfacial bonding characteristics. A composite process combining graded ball milling pretreatment, semi-solid stirring, and ultrasonic vibration ensures excellent dispersion of the reinforcing particles. The matrix alloy composition is designed to effectively improve the overall mechanical properties of the composite material. Furthermore, a multi-degree-of-freedom forming process effectively mitigates the anisotropy of mechanical properties commonly found in conventional rolled sheets. This invention improves the mechanical properties of PRAMCs sheets while reducing the difficulty and cost of forming processes, providing an innovative solution for the industrial application of high-performance lightweight structural components.
[0045] Comparative Example 4: As a control experiment for Example 1, the only difference from Example 1 is that the multi-degree-of-freedom forming device only has one rotary roller, while the rest is the same as Example 1. Specifically, the circular metal slab of the microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material after homogenization treatment in Example 1 is formed into a sheet using a single-roller multi-degree-of-freedom forming device, and the deformation amount remains the same as in Example 1. During the experiment, it was found that in Comparative Example 4, due to uneven stress, the sheet was prone to warping and cracking, making it difficult to form the target sheet. Even optimizing the ratio of rotation speed and extrusion speed could not overcome this problem.
[0046] To further demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention, based on the technical solution of Example 1, the influence of adjusting the rotation speed and extrusion speed on the formed sheet was studied during the multi-degree-of-freedom forming process. Multiple experiments revealed that when the mandrel rotation speed N is 80~120 r / min and the rotary roller extrusion speed V is 1.2~1.8 mm / s, the texture generated during deformation can be minimized, and the overall mechanical properties are good. In this invention, the optimal overall mechanical properties are achieved when N=100 r / min and V=1.5 mm / s.
[0047] While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these are merely illustrative examples, and various changes or modifications can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A multi-degree-of-freedom forming apparatus for performing multi-degree-of-freedom forming processing on a metal slab, wherein the metal slab is a micro-alloyed particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, characterized in that... The device includes: The clamping assembly includes a core mold and a tail tip connected to the machine tool, wherein the metal blank to be processed is clamped by the core mold and the tail tip and driven to rotate. The forming assembly includes a rotary roller frame connected to the slide of a machine tool. Two rotary rollers are mounted on the rotary roller frame, which are distributed on both sides of the tail and can move along the axial direction of the mandrel. The metal blank to be processed contacts the two rotary rollers simultaneously during rotation to form the blank.
2. The multi-degree-of-freedom forming apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The core mold is connected to the machine tool via a core mold adapter plate.
3. The multi-degree-of-freedom forming apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end face of the core mold used to clamp the metal blank is provided with a groove for fixing the metal blank, and the groove is circular.
4. The method for preparing the multi-degree-of-freedom forming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A supporting insulating pad is installed between the roller frame and the slide of the machine tool.
5. The multi-degree-of-freedom forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is prepared by the following method, specifically including the following steps: (1) SiC p The material was immersed in an HF aqueous solution and, after complete precipitation, was repeatedly washed with distilled water until the pH of the aqueous solution was 7±0.
2. It was then dried to remove residual surface moisture and calcined at 900~1000℃ to obtain SiC with a SiO2 layer on the surface. p Particles; (2) SiC p The particles and aluminum powder are mixed evenly by ball milling to obtain SiC. p -Al composite powder; (3) Under an inert protective atmosphere, 2024Al ingots were melted in a graphite crucible. After reaching the molten state, Re (La / Ce=3 / 2) and Zr were added, and the temperature was held for a predetermined time. Then, the temperature was lowered to the semi-solid temperature range of 620-640 °C, and SiC was added to the semi-solid melt. p -Al composite powder, mechanically stirred to make SiC p The particles are fully and uniformly dispersed; then the temperature is raised to 730-750℃, and the particles are further uniformly dispersed by ultrasonic vibration; finally, the molten liquid is cast and solidified under load to obtain micro-alloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material. (4) The obtained microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is homogenized; In the microalloyed particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, the SiC p The amount of particles added accounts for 0.5~2wt% of the total amount of aluminum matrix composite material, and the amount of Re (La / Ce=3 / 2) element and Zr element added accounts for 0.1~0.3wt% and 0.1~0.2wt% of the total amount of aluminum matrix composite material, respectively.
6. The multi-degree-of-freedom forming apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The SiC p The particle size is 40~80nm.
7. The multi-degree-of-freedom forming apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The HF aqueous solution has a mass percentage concentration of 3-5%.
8. The multi-degree-of-freedom forming apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mechanical stirring process parameters are: stirring speed of 550~650 rpm and stirring time of 5~10 min; and / or, the ultrasonic vibration process parameters are: ultrasonic frequency of 10~20 kHz, power of 2~2.5 kW and ultrasonic vibration time of 5~10 min; and / or, the load condition process parameters are: load pressure of 400~500 kN and pressure holding time of 3~5 min.
9. The multi-degree-of-freedom forming apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The homogenization process is as follows: first, heat treatment at 450~480℃ for 5~8 hours, then heat treatment at 490~520℃ for 10~16 hours, and finally water cooling.
10. A multi-degree-of-freedom forming method using the multi-degree-of-freedom forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: (1) Preheat the metal slab by holding it at 480~500 ℃ for 30~40 min; (2) The preheated metal slab is quickly transferred to the machine tool and clamped by the core mold and the tail jack. (3) Start the machine tool spindle, so that the core mold, tail top and metal blank rotate together at speed N, and move the machine tool slide so that the two rotating rollers contact the metal blank at the same time and squeeze the metal blank at speed V to complete the multi-degree-of-freedom forming. The core mold rotation speed N is 80~120 r / min, and the rotary roller extrusion speed V is 1.2~1.8 mm / s.