Fast-assembly bus station pavilion construction method based on independent stress cantilever modules

Abstract

The invention discloses a fast-assembly bus station kiosk construction method based on an independent stress cantilever module. The method comprises the steps that a bus station kiosk model is designed in modeling software; the roof steel structure is cut into independently stressed roof units in the forward direction according to the positions of the supporting steel columns, and each unit and the corresponding supporting column form a mounting module; when the roof units are prefabricated, inter-module connecting steel plates are arranged at the positions of cutting lines, and bolt holes are pre-formed; the supporting columns are firstly installed on site, then the roof units are hoisted to be fixed to the supporting columns through the connecting nodes, and an independent stress system is formed. And finally, aligning and connecting steel plates along the adjacent modules, and bolting by using bolts to finish integral assembly. Through independent stress design of the modules, the connection structure is simplified, complex nodes and field welding are avoided, the problems that in a traditional method, module connection is not detachable, the bolt operation space is limited, and the welding quality is difficult to control are solved, rapid and reversible installation of the bus station kiosk is achieved, the bus station kiosk adapts to narrow sites, and the construction efficiency and flexibility are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of modular building technology, specifically a quick-assembly bus shelter construction method based on independently load-bearing cantilever modules. Background Technology

[0002] Modular architecture is a highly prefabricated building system that divides three-dimensional building space into modular units. These units are prefabricated in factories and transported to the site for assembly. It offers advantages such as rapid construction, high integration, environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and controllable quality, making it an emerging building form with broad development prospects. Because modular buildings consist of factory-fabricated units transported to the site for assembly, the modular division must be rational, the manufacturing precision high, and sufficient operational space must be provided for on-site connections. For movable buildings, this ensures easy disassembly later.

[0003] In traditional bus shelter construction, the structural connections and modular design mainly present the following technical problems: First, conventional modular design schemes all consider the stress performance after overall assembly. The connection nodes between modules must bear and transmit large bending moments and shear forces. To meet this requirement, complex stiffening plates or complex nodes are added at the nodes, which not only increases the amount of steel used and the cost, but also requires repeated fine-tuning of the modules during on-site assembly to ensure precise alignment. This results in a low construction error tolerance rate, high technical requirements for on-site workers, and ultimately affects the efficiency advantage of modular construction.

[0004] Second, in the traditional construction of modular bus shelters, most of these connections create permanent, non-removable nodes. When urban development necessitates adjustments to bus routes or upgrades and renovations to the shelter's functionality, the entire shelter must be demolished and rebuilt. This not only wastes materials but also fails to meet the needs for rapid disassembly and reuse of temporary shelters.

[0005] Third, when high-strength bolt groups are used to connect modules, the precision requirements for component processing and on-site alignment are high. The bolt tightening operation requires sufficient tool rotation space. However, the distribution of bus shelter support columns is usually quite dense, making it very difficult to carry out efficient bolt tightening operations in this narrow area, and it is difficult to ensure the stability of connection quality.

[0006] Fourth, when modules are fixedly connected by welding, especially at the joints between the roof steel structure and the supporting columns, not only is high-precision positioning from multiple directions required, but high-temperature welding operations are also involved. Such operations are prone to steel deformation due to the heat-affected zone of welding, often requiring secondary correction, which slows down the construction progress. At the same time, the welding quality is significantly affected by weather conditions, and there are also high safety risks when working in urban streets with limited space. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a construction method for a quick-assembly bus shelter based on an independently load-bearing cantilever module. This method aims to solve the technical problems of existing technologies, such as the need to consider the load-bearing performance of the overall assembly in the modular design, the complex requirements for connection structures, the limitations of the irreversible design of modular connection nodes on the flexibility of building disassembly and use, the poor accuracy tolerance of bolt group connections and the difficulty of operation in narrow spaces, and the high dependence on on-site welding, making it difficult to balance quality and efficiency.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A quick-assembly bus shelter construction method based on independently load-bearing cantilever modules, the construction steps are as follows: Step 1, Basic Design: Construct a bus shelter model in modeling software. The bus shelter includes supporting steel columns and a roof steel structure set on top of the supporting steel columns through connecting nodes. Step 2, design module segmentation principle: Based on the location of the supporting steel columns, the roof steel structure is divided into roof units along the direction of the bus shelter. The segmentation principle is that each roof unit and its corresponding supporting steel column in the horizontal projection are connected to the installation module, and are independent force-bearing systems before being assembled into a whole bus shelter. Step 3: Determine the final splitting position: Based on the module splitting principle, calculate the stress of each individual installation module and the overall assembly of the installation modules in the bus shelter model. Use the envelope value of the two calculation results as the final design basis to ensure structural safety. The final splitting position of the roof unit is the minimum value of each installation module forming an independent stress system. Set the final splitting position as the splitting line. Step 4, Prefabricated roof units: First, the prefabricated components of each roof unit are divided along the cutting line. Then, the inter-module connecting steel plates are designed at the cutting line position of each roof unit. The end faces of each prefabricated component after being cut are welded to the corresponding inter-module connecting steel plates. Step 5, Preset bolt connection holes: Make bolt connection holes on the connecting steel plates between each module, avoiding the positions of the constituent components, and set the bolt connection holes on the connecting steel plates between adjacent modules to be assembled accordingly; Step 6: Prefabricate connection nodes at the bottom of the roof unit, pair and mark the supporting steel columns with the corresponding roof units, and then transport them to the construction site; Step 7: Construct supporting steel columns on the ground according to the designed location of the bus shelter; Step 8: Hoist each roof unit to the position above the corresponding supporting steel column, and align and fix it to the supporting steel column through the connection node. After connection, each installation module forms an independent force-bearing system. Step nine: During construction, align the inter-module connecting steel plates between adjacent installation modules in sequence along the direction of the bus shelter, and bolt them together with module connecting bolts that pass through the bolt connection holes on both sides until the entire bus shelter structure is assembled.

[0009] In step three, the dividing line takes into account the building function. When there are enclosed room units, it ensures that the enclosed room unit as a whole forms an independent installation module.

[0010] In step three, the cutting line avoids the location of the supporting steel columns and cuts the roof steel structure between the supporting steel columns, so that the connection end of each installation module forms a cantilevered form of the roof steel structure relative to the supporting steel columns, that is, a space for workers to assemble is formed below the connection end of adjacent installation modules.

[0011] In step three, the roof steel structure is designed with two dividing lines to form three roof units. The dividing lines are dividing line one and dividing line two, and the resulting roof units are unit one, unit two and unit three. Unit 1 is the enclosed unit room area on the left side of the bus stop. The four corners at the bottom correspond to four supporting steel columns, so that the right connecting end of Unit 1 is cantilevered relative to the supporting steel columns. Unit 2 is the open area in the middle of the bus shelter, with four supporting steel columns at the four corners of the bottom, so that the left and right connecting ends of Unit 2 are cantilevered relative to the supporting steel columns. Unit 3 is the open area on the right side of the bus shelter. There is a row of supporting steel columns 3 on the rear side of the bottom, and a row of supporting steel columns 3 on the right side of the bottom. This makes the front side of the roof unit partially cantilevered relative to the supporting steel columns 3, and the left connecting end of the roof unit is also cantilevered relative to the supporting steel columns 3.

[0012] In step four, the roof steel structure includes transverse main beams, secondary side beams, and a double-layer purlin frame. The transverse main beams are spaced along the roof steel structure. The secondary side beams are at the same height as the transverse main beams and are arranged in a ring. They include longitudinal secondary side beams and transverse secondary side beams. The longitudinal secondary side beams are welded between adjacent transverse main beams, and the transverse secondary side beams are located at both ends of the roof steel structure and on both sides before and after welding. The double-layer purlin frame includes a lower purlin frame and an upper purlin frame. The lower purlin frame is set between the bottoms of adjacent transverse secondary side beams, and the upper purlin frame is located above the secondary side beams. The bottom of the purlin intersection of the upper purlin frame is welded to the transverse main beam, secondary side beam and lower purlin frame below it through purlin short columns.

[0013] In step four, the inter-module connecting steel plates are set with a transverse width and height, and the end faces of the longitudinal secondary side beams and double-layer purlin frames at the dividing lines are vertically welded to the surface of the corresponding inter-module connecting steel plates. Each roof unit is also equipped with steel plate tie purlins, which are arranged in the same direction. One end of the tie purlins is fixedly connected to the transverse main beam on the outermost side of each roof unit, and the other end is welded to the inter-module connecting steel plate.

[0014] In step six, the connection node includes an inner short core column, and the supporting steel column is correspondingly set at the bottom end of the transverse main beam. The two are fixedly connected by inserting the inner short core column into the top of the supporting steel column. The inner short core column has an upper connecting hole that is split horizontally, and the top of the supporting steel column has a lower connecting hole that is split horizontally corresponding to the upper connecting hole. In step eight, the inner short core column is inserted into the supporting steel column, the lower connecting hole is aligned with the upper connecting hole, and they are bolted together by inter-column connecting bolts.

[0015] In step six, both the inserted short core column and the supporting steel column are steel pipes. The size of the inserted short core column is smaller than that of the transverse main beam. Corresponding to the setting position of the inserted short core column, connection openings adapted to the inserted short core column are opened on the top and bottom flanges of the transverse main beam, namely the upper opening and the lower opening. The top of the inserted short core column is inserted into the upper opening, and a cover plate flush with the top surface of the transverse main beam is welded on the inner wall of its top. The cover plate and the top surface of the inserted short core column are welded to the upper opening. An internal force transmission baffle is welded inside the inserted short core column at the corresponding lower opening. The outer wall of the inserted short core column is welded to the lower opening.

[0016] In step six, a cross guide plate is provided at the bottom of the inserted short core. The upper half of the cross guide plate is welded to the inner wall of the bottom end of the inserted short core, and the lower half of the cross guide plate extends out of the bottom end of the inserted short core. The bottom end of the cross guide plate is conical.

[0017] In step six, a straight or V-shaped corner brace is provided on the transverse main beam at the position corresponding to the insertion of the short core column. The height of the corner brace is adapted to the transverse main beam, and its two ends are respectively obliquely welded between the transverse main beam and the longitudinal secondary beam to form a reinforcing triangle. The transverse main beam, the longitudinal secondary beam and the corner brace surround the outside of the insertion of the short core column.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following features and beneficial effects: This invention changes the traditional design approach of assembling bus shelter modules before applying overall load-bearing capacity. Instead, it re-divides the roof steel structure into modular sections based on the location of the supporting columns. This ensures that the roof steel structure and its supporting columns form independent installation modules that can independently bear their respective loads before assembly. Furthermore, connecting steel plates are designed between the roof steel structure modules. The purlins and beam ends of each module are welded to these connecting plates. Bolt holes are pre-drilled at corresponding positions on the steel plates between modules. After on-site module assembly and alignment, the modules become independent systems. Therefore, the requirements for inter-module connections are lower, only needing to meet architectural functional requirements. This significantly reduces the complexity of inter-module connections and solves the technical problems of existing technologies that require high inter-module load-bearing coordination and have complex connection structures.

[0019] The force transmission between the supporting steel column and the inner core short column at the bottom of the roof in this invention is as follows: high-strength bolts ensure that the inner core short column is in contact with the column wall of the supporting steel column to resist the bending moment at the top of the column; the shear force of the bolts bears the axial tensile and compressive forces of the column. The force transmission between the roof units in this invention is as follows: the axial pressure of the longitudinal secondary side beams welded to the inter-module connecting steel plates and the alignment of the double-layer purlin frame is transmitted through bolts; the bending moment is transmitted through the tensile and compressive forces of the upper and lower rows of bolts on the inter-module connecting steel plates; the shear force is transmitted through the frictional force between adjacent inter-module connecting steel plates, resulting in a simplified and reliable structure.

[0020] This invention features reversible connection nodes and modules that are independently stressed, with detachable bolts connecting the modules, allowing the station building to be moved or reassembled as a whole. The independent stress design ensures that each module forms a stable system before assembly, eliminating the need for temporary supports during adjustments. For example, enclosed unit rooms or accessible restroom areas can be used as independent modules, allowing for complete replacement when a mother-and-baby room needs to be added later, without altering the main structure. This solves the technical problem in existing technologies where the irreversible design of modular connection nodes restricts rapid assembly and disassembly and reusability of buildings.

[0021] This invention avoids the support column by using a dividing line, making the module connection end cantilevered. This provides vertical operating space for bolt tightening. The cantilever structure allows workers to operate from below the module without the need for lateral tool space, reducing installation difficulty, improving installation accuracy, and adapting to narrow spaces. It solves the technical problems of poor accuracy tolerance in bolt group connections and difficulty in operating in narrow spaces in existing technologies.

[0022] This invention combines factory prefabrication with on-site bolting. During factory prefabrication, the roof units have already had the transverse main beams, secondary side beams, and other components welded to the connecting steel plates between modules. On-site, only hoisting and high-strength bolt connections are required. This method essentially eliminates the need for on-site welding, avoiding thermal deformation issues. The connecting steel plates between modules utilize a continuous steel plate and bolt connection design, aided by conical guide plates at the bottom of short columns to assist alignment, improving construction efficiency and enabling rapid assembly and disassembly. This solves the technical problems of existing technologies, such as high reliance on on-site welding, low efficiency, and difficulty in quality control. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the bus shelter structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 These are the roof units and supporting steel columns after the modules are divided.

[0026] Figure 3 This refers to the upper purlin frame module of the roof steel structure before it is cut into sections.

[0027] Figure 4 It refers to the upper purlin frame module of the roof steel structure after it has been divided.

[0028] Figure 5 This refers to the section before the remaining structural modules of the lower part of the roof steel structure are cut off.

[0029] Figure 6 It refers to the remaining structural modules below the roof steel structure after they have been divided.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of Unit 1 and its supporting steel column in this embodiment.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of Unit 2 and its supporting steel column in this embodiment.

[0032] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A detailed view of the right side.

[0033] Figure 10 yes Figure 8 A detailed view of the left side.

[0034] Figure 11 yes Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure viewed from below.

[0035] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 A detailed view of the right side.

[0036] Figure 13 This is a structural schematic diagram of Unit 3 and its supporting steel column in this embodiment.

[0037] Figure 14 yes Figure 13 A detailed view of the right side.

[0038] Figure 15 yes Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the structure viewed from below.

[0039] Figure 16 yes Figure 15 A detailed view of the right side.

[0040] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the inter-module connecting steel plates and the various components of the roof steel structure.

[0041] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the connection nodes between the roof steel structure and the supporting steel columns.

[0042] Figure 19 yes Figure 18 A schematic diagram of the side cross-section structure.

[0043] Figure 20 yes Figure 18 A side view structural diagram.

[0044] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the transverse main beam, longitudinal secondary side beam, and corner brace.

[0045] Figure label: 1 – Supporting steel column; 11 – Lower connecting hole; 2 - Roof steel structure, 21 - Transverse main beam, 22 - Longitudinal secondary side beam, 23 - Transverse secondary side beam, 24 - End cap plate, 25 - Internal force transmission diaphragm plate inside the beam, 26 - Lower purlin frame, 27 - Upper purlin frame, 28 - Purlin short column, 29 - Steel plate tie purlin; 3 - Roof Unit, 31 - Unit 1, 32 - Unit 2, 33 - Unit 3; 4 - Install the module; 5 - secant line, 51 - secant line one, 52 - secant line two; 6 - Worker assembly space; 7 - Inter-module connecting steel plate; 71 - Bolt connection hole; 8 - Inserted short core column, 81 - Upper opening, 82 - Lower opening, 83 - Cover plate, 84 - Internal force transmission partition plate, 85 - Cross guide plate, 86 - Upper connecting hole; 9 - Corner brace, 10 - Inter-column connection bolt, 20 - Module connection bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0046] See the examples. Figure 1-21 As shown, a quick-installation bus shelter construction method based on an independently load-bearing cantilever module is described, and the construction steps are as follows: Step 1, Basic Design: See Figure 1 As shown, a bus shelter model is constructed in the modeling software. The bus shelter includes a supporting steel column 1 and a roof steel structure 2 set on top of the supporting steel column 1 through connecting nodes.

[0047] Step 2, design module segmentation principles: see Figure 2-6 As shown, based on the location of the supporting steel column 1, the roof steel structure 2 is divided into roof units 3 along the direction of the bus shelter. The principle of division is to ensure that each roof unit 3 and its corresponding supporting steel column 1 installation module 4 are independent force-bearing systems before being assembled into a whole bus shelter.

[0048] Step 3, determine the final split position: According to the module split principle, the stress of each installation module 4 and the overall assembly of installation modules 4 are calculated separately in the bus shelter model. The envelope value of the two calculation results is used as the final design basis to ensure structural safety. The final split position of the roof unit 3 is the minimum value of the independent stress system formed by each installation module. The final split position is set as the split line 5.

[0049] The envelope design calculation includes load-bearing capacity calculation, deformation calculation and stability calculation. The calculation is performed using finite element analysis software, and the connections between modules in the analysis model are simplified as rigid nodes.

[0050] In step three, see Figure 7-16 As shown, the dividing line 5 takes into account the building function. When there are enclosed room units, it ensures that the enclosed room unit forms an independent installation module. At the same time, the dividing line 5 needs to avoid cutting the roof steel structure 2 between the supporting steel columns 5. For example, in this embodiment, the roof steel structure 2 is designed with two dividing lines to form three typical roof units 3. The dividing lines 5 are dividing line 1 51 and dividing line 2 52, and the roof units formed are unit 1 31, unit 2 32 and unit 3 33, respectively.

[0051] Unit 1-31 is the accessible restroom area on the left side of the bus stop. There are four supporting steel columns at the four corners of the bottom, so that the right connecting end of Unit 1-31 is cantilevered relative to the supporting steel columns.

[0052] Unit 2, section 32 is the open central area of ​​the bus shelter, with four supporting steel columns at the four corners of the bottom, so that the left and right connecting ends of Unit 2, section 32 are cantilevered relative to the supporting steel columns.

[0053] Unit 33 is the open area on the right side of the bus shelter. Six supporting steel columns are installed at the bottom, one at the right rear corner, four in a row on the rear side, and three in a row on the right side. This makes the front of Unit 33 partially cantilevered relative to the supporting steel column 3, and the left connecting end of Unit 33 is also cantilevered relative to the supporting steel column.

[0054] The cantilever design ensures that the connection end of each installation module 4 forms a cantilevered form relative to the supporting steel column of the roof steel structure, allowing for the creation of assembly space 6 for workers below the connection ends of adjacent installation modules 4. However, it is also necessary to ensure that each installation module 4 can form an independent load-bearing system. Similar to the installation module form of Unit 3, the length must be strictly designed in practical applications to prevent overturning of the double-sided cantilever configuration.

[0055] Step 4, Prefabricated roof units: In this embodiment, the specific prefabrication process of the roof unit is as follows: See Figure 7-16 As shown, the roof steel structure includes transverse main beams 21, secondary side beams, and a double-layer purlin frame; the transverse main beams 21 are spaced apart along the roof steel structure; the secondary side beams are arranged in a ring at the same height as the transverse main beams 21, including longitudinal secondary side beams 22 and transverse secondary side beams 23. The longitudinal secondary side beams 22 are welded between adjacent transverse main beams 21, and the transverse secondary side beams 23 are located at both ends of the roof steel structure, on both sides before and after welding; see also Figure 21As shown, in this embodiment, the end face of the transverse main beam 21 is provided with a cap plate 24, and an inner force transmission partition plate 25 is welded inside the transverse main beam 21 at the position corresponding to the longitudinal secondary side beam 22. The double-layer purlin frame includes a lower purlin frame 26 and an upper purlin frame 27. The lower purlin frame 26 is set between the bottoms of adjacent transverse secondary side beams 23, and the upper purlin frame 27 is located above the secondary side beams. The bottom of the purlin intersection of the upper purlin frame 27 is welded to the transverse main beam 21, the secondary side beam and the lower purlin frame 26 below it through purlin short columns 28.

[0056] See Figure 7-17 As shown, the prefabricated components of each roof unit 3 are then divided along the dividing line 5, and inter-module connecting steel plates 7 are designed at the dividing line 5 for each roof unit 3. The end faces of each prefabricated component after division are welded to the corresponding inter-module connecting steel plates 7. In this embodiment, the inter-module connecting steel plates 7 are set horizontally with a continuous width and height. The end faces of the longitudinal secondary side beams 22 and the double-layer purlin frames at the dividing line 5 are vertically welded to the surface of the corresponding inter-module connecting steel plates 7. At the same time, each roof unit is also provided with steel plate connecting purlins 29. The steel plate connecting purlins 29 are arranged longitudinally, with one end fixedly connected to the transverse main beam 21 on the outermost side of each roof unit, and the other end welded to the inter-module connecting steel plates 7. In this embodiment, the steel plate connecting purlins 29 are set between the lower purlin frame 26 and the upper purlin frame 27, and the steel plate connecting purlins 29 of adjacent installed modules are set accordingly.

[0057] Step 5, Preset bolt connection holes: Bolt connection holes 71 are made on the connecting steel plates 7 between each module, avoiding the positions of the constituent components. The bolt connection holes 71 of the connecting steel plates 7 between adjacent modules to be assembled are set accordingly.

[0058] Step Six, see Figure 18-21 As shown, a prefabricated connection node is installed at the bottom of the roof unit. In this embodiment, the connection node includes an inserted short core column 8, and the supporting steel column is correspondingly installed at the bottom end of the transverse main beam 21. The two are fixedly connected by inserting the inserted short core column 8 into the top of the supporting steel column. Both the inserted short core column 8 and the supporting steel column 1 are steel pipes. The size of the inserted short core column 8 is smaller than the size of the transverse main beam 21. The corresponding installation positions of the inserted short core column 8 are opened on both the top and bottom flanges of the transverse main beam 21. The connecting openings corresponding to the inserted short core column 8 are an upper opening 81 and a lower opening 82. The top of the inserted short core column 8 is inserted into the upper opening 81, and a cover plate 83 flush with the top surface of the transverse main beam 21 is welded to the inner wall of its top. The cover plate 83 and the top surface of the inserted short core column 8 are welded to the upper opening 81. Inside the inserted short core column 8, at the location corresponding to the lower opening 82, an inner force-transmitting baffle 84 is welded. The outer wall of the inserted short core column 8 is welded to the lower opening 82. The material of the cover plate 83 is the same as that of the transverse main beam 21, and the thickness of the cover plate 83 is not less than the thickness of the flange.

[0059] The bottom of the inserted short core post 8 is provided with a cross guide plate 85. The upper half of the cross guide plate 85 is welded to the inner wall of the bottom end of the inserted short core post 8. The lower half of the cross guide plate 85 extends out of the bottom end of the inserted short core post 8. The bottom end of the cross guide plate 85 is conical to guide its accurate alignment and insertion with the supporting steel column 1.

[0060] Then, a straight or V-shaped corner brace 9 is provided on the transverse main beam 21 at the position corresponding to the subsequent insertion of the short core column 8. The height of the corner brace 9 is adapted to the transverse main beam 21, and its two ends are respectively obliquely welded between the transverse main beam 21 and the longitudinal secondary beam to form a reinforcing triangle. The transverse main beam 21, the longitudinal secondary beam 22 and the corner brace 9 enclose the outside of the insertion of the short core column 8; the corner brace 9 is used to prevent the steel beam from deforming.

[0061] After pairing and marking the supporting steel column 1 with the corresponding roof unit 3, it is transported to the construction site.

[0062] Step 7: Construct supporting steel columns 1 on the ground according to the designed location of the bus shelter.

[0063] Step 8, see Figure 18-21 As shown, each roof unit 3 is hoisted to the position above the corresponding supporting steel column 1. The installation position of the roof unit 3 is guided by the cross guide plate 85, and it is aligned and fixed to the supporting steel column 1 through connecting nodes. After connection, each installation module 4 forms an independent force-bearing system. In this embodiment, the inserted short core column 8 has an upper connecting hole 86 that is laterally split open, and the top of the supporting steel column 1 has a lower connecting hole 11 that is laterally split open open corresponding to the upper connecting hole 86. The inserted short core column 8 is inserted into the supporting steel column 1, and the lower connecting hole 11 is aligned with the upper connecting hole 86 and bolted together by the inter-column connecting bolt 10. If secondary disassembly and assembly are not required, the top surface of the supporting steel column 1 can also be welded to the bottom surface of the transverse main beam 21. In this embodiment, the inter-column connecting bolt 10 uses friction-type high-strength bolts of grade 8.8 or higher. The preload of the bolts is determined according to the thickness of the connecting steel plate and the force requirements. The high-strength bolt connection ensures that the inserted short core column 8 is in contact with the column wall of the supporting steel column 1 to resist the bending moment at the top of the column; the shear force of the bolt bears the axial tensile and compressive forces of the column.

[0064] Step nine: During construction, align the inter-module connecting steel plates 7 between adjacent installation modules 4 sequentially along the direction of the bus shelter, and bolt them together using module connecting bolts 20 that pass through the bolt connection holes 71 on both sides, until the entire bus shelter structure is assembled. In this embodiment, the module connecting bolts 20 are friction-type high-strength bolts of grade 8.8 or higher, and the preload of the bolts is determined according to the thickness of the connecting steel plates and the stress requirements. The axial pressure of the longitudinal secondary side beams 22 and the double-layer purlin frame aligned with the inter-module connecting steel plates 7 at the nodes is transmitted through the bolts; the bending moment is transmitted through the tensile and compressive forces of the upper and lower rows of bolts on the inter-module connecting steel plates 7; and the shear force is transmitted through the friction between adjacent inter-module connecting steel plates 7.

Claims

1. A fast-assembly bus shelter construction method based on an independently stressed overhanging module, characterized in that, The construction steps are as follows: Step 1, Basic Design: Construct a bus shelter model in modeling software. The bus shelter includes supporting steel columns and a roof steel structure set on top of the supporting steel columns through connecting nodes. Step 2, design module segmentation principle: Based on the location of the supporting steel columns, the roof steel structure is divided into roof units along the direction of the bus shelter. The segmentation principle is that each roof unit and its corresponding supporting steel column in the horizontal projection are connected to the installation module, and are independent force-bearing systems before being assembled into a whole bus shelter. Step 3: Determine the final splitting position: Based on the module splitting principle, calculate the stress of each individual installation module and the overall assembly of the installation modules in the bus shelter model. Use the envelope value of the two calculation results as the final design basis to ensure structural safety. The final splitting position of the roof unit is the minimum value of each installation module forming an independent stress system. Set the final splitting position as the splitting line. Step 4, Prefabricated roof units: First, the prefabricated components of each roof unit are divided along the cutting line. Then, the inter-module connecting steel plates are designed at the cutting line position of each roof unit. The end faces of each prefabricated component after being cut are welded to the corresponding inter-module connecting steel plates. Step 5, Preset bolt connection holes: Make bolt connection holes on the connecting steel plates between each module, avoiding the positions of the constituent components, and set the bolt connection holes on the connecting steel plates between adjacent modules to be assembled accordingly; Step 6: Prefabricate the connection nodes at the bottom of the roof unit, and then match and mark the prefabricated supporting steel columns with the corresponding roof units before transporting them to the construction site. Step 7: Construct supporting steel columns on the ground according to the designed location of the bus shelter; Step 8: Hoist each roof unit to the position above the corresponding supporting steel column, and align and fix it to the supporting steel column through the connection node. After connection, each installation module forms an independent force-bearing system. Step nine: During construction, align the inter-module connecting steel plates between adjacent installation modules in sequence along the direction of the bus shelter, and bolt them together with module connecting bolts that pass through the bolt connection holes on both sides until the entire bus shelter structure is assembled.

2. The fast-assembly bus shelter construction method based on the independently stressed cantilever module according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the dividing line takes into account the building function. When there are enclosed room units, it ensures that the enclosed room unit as a whole forms an independent installation module.

3. The construction method for a quick-installation bus shelter based on an independently load-bearing cantilever module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step three, the cutting line avoids the location of the supporting steel columns and cuts the roof steel structure between the supporting steel columns, so that the connection end of each installation module forms a cantilevered form of the roof steel structure relative to the supporting steel columns, that is, a space for workers to assemble is formed below the connection end of adjacent installation modules.

4. The construction method for a quick-installation bus shelter based on an independently load-bearing cantilever module according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step three, the roof steel structure is designed with two dividing lines to form three roof units. The dividing lines are dividing line one and dividing line two, and the resulting roof units are unit one, unit two and unit three. Unit 1 is the enclosed unit room area on the left side of the bus stop. The four corners at the bottom correspond to four supporting steel columns, so that the right connecting end of Unit 1 is cantilevered relative to the supporting steel columns. Unit 2 is the open area in the middle of the bus shelter, with four supporting steel columns at the four corners of the bottom, so that the left and right connecting ends of Unit 2 are cantilevered relative to the supporting steel columns. Unit 3 is the open area on the right side of the bus shelter. There is a row of supporting steel columns 3 on the rear side of the bottom, and a row of supporting steel columns 3 on the right side of the bottom. This makes the front side of the roof unit partially cantilevered relative to the supporting steel columns 3, and the left connecting end of the roof unit is also cantilevered relative to the supporting steel columns 3.

5. The construction method for a quick-installation bus shelter based on an independently load-bearing cantilever module according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step four, the roof steel structure includes transverse main beams, secondary side beams, and a double-layer purlin frame. The transverse main beams are spaced along the roof steel structure. The secondary side beams are at the same height as the transverse main beams and are arranged in a ring. They include longitudinal secondary side beams and transverse secondary side beams. The longitudinal secondary side beams are welded between adjacent transverse main beams, and the transverse secondary side beams are located at both ends of the roof steel structure and on both sides before and after welding. The double-layer purlin frame includes a lower purlin frame and an upper purlin frame. The lower purlin frame is set between the bottoms of adjacent transverse secondary side beams, and the upper purlin frame is located above the secondary side beams. The bottom of the purlin intersection of the upper purlin frame is welded to the transverse main beam, secondary side beam and lower purlin frame below it through purlin short columns.

6. The construction method for a quick-installation bus shelter based on an independently load-bearing cantilever module according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step four, the inter-module connecting steel plates are set with a transverse width and height, and the end faces of the longitudinal secondary side beams and double-layer purlin frames at the dividing lines are vertically welded to the surface of the corresponding inter-module connecting steel plates. Each roof unit is also equipped with steel plate tie purlins, which are arranged in the same direction. One end of the tie purlins is fixedly connected to the transverse main beam on the outermost side of each roof unit, and the other end is welded to the inter-module connecting steel plate.

7. The construction method for a quick-installation bus shelter based on an independently load-bearing cantilever module according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step six, the connection node includes an inner short core column, and the supporting steel column is correspondingly set at the bottom end of the transverse main beam. The two are fixedly connected by inserting the inner short core column into the top of the supporting steel column. The inner short core column has an upper connecting hole that is split horizontally, and the top of the supporting steel column has a lower connecting hole that is split horizontally corresponding to the upper connecting hole. In step eight, the inner short core column is inserted into the supporting steel column, the lower connecting hole is aligned with the upper connecting hole, and they are bolted together by inter-column connecting bolts.

8. The construction method for a quick-installation bus shelter based on an independently load-bearing cantilever module according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step six, both the inserted short core column and the supporting steel column are steel pipes. The size of the inserted short core column is smaller than that of the transverse main beam. Corresponding to the setting position of the inserted short core column, connection openings adapted to the inserted short core column are opened on the top and bottom flanges of the transverse main beam, namely the upper opening and the lower opening. The top of the inserted short core column is inserted into the upper opening, and a cover plate flush with the top surface of the transverse main beam is welded on the inner wall of its top. The cover plate and the top surface of the inserted short core column are welded to the upper opening. An internal force transmission baffle is welded inside the inserted short core column at the corresponding lower opening. The outer wall of the inserted short core column is welded to the lower opening.

9. The construction method for a quick-installation bus shelter based on an independently load-bearing cantilever module according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step six, a cross guide plate is provided at the bottom of the inserted short core. The upper half of the cross guide plate is welded to the inner wall of the bottom end of the inserted short core, and the lower half of the cross guide plate extends out of the bottom end of the inserted short core. The bottom end of the cross guide plate is conical.

10. The construction method for a quick-installation bus shelter based on an independently stressed cantilevered module according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step six, a straight or V-shaped corner brace is provided on the transverse main beam at the position corresponding to the insertion of the short core column. The height of the corner brace is adapted to the transverse main beam, and its two ends are respectively obliquely welded between the transverse main beam and the longitudinal secondary beam to form a reinforcing triangle. The transverse main beam, the longitudinal secondary beam and the corner brace surround the outside of the insertion of the short core column.

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