Peristaltic hot melting drilling tool and method suitable for ice layer of extraterrestrial celestial body

Abstract

The invention discloses a peristaltic hot melting drilling tool and method suitable for an ice layer of an extraterrestrial celestial body, and belongs to the technical field of ice layer hot melting detection.The drilling tool comprises a hot melting drill bit device, a telescopic device, a deflection device, an anchoring device and a side wall heating pipe, and the hot melting drill bit device is used for executing hot melting drilling; the telescopic device is used for driving the hot melting drill bit device to stretch out and retract in the axial direction and providing bit pressure. The telescopic device is sleeved with the side wall heating pipe, and the deflection device is used for driving a whole formed by the hot melting drill bit device, the telescopic device and the side wall heating pipe to deflect. The anchoring device is connected to the end, away from the telescopic device, of the deflection device and used for providing anchoring force in the drilling process. According to the method, the anchoring device and the telescopic device are matched with each other, and peristaltic drilling of the drilling tool is achieved by circularly executing the actions of anchoring, stretching drilling, anchoring releasing and retracting. The technical problem that in the prior art, in the drilling process of an ice layer of an extraterrestrial celestial body, efficiency is low, and even drilling cannot be conducted is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ice layer thermal melting detection technology, specifically, it relates to a peristaltic thermal melting drill and method suitable for ice layers of extraterrestrial bodies. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing focus on water ice resources in deep space exploration missions, detecting water ice resources in extraterrestrial bodies has become an important area of ​​planetary science research. Currently, subglacial lakes have been detected in several ice-bearing extraterrestrial bodies, such as Europa and Titan. Obtaining lake water samples from deep ice layers requires penetrating ice layers several kilometers thick. In drilling exploration of ice environments, heating the drill bit at the tip of a thermomelting drill is an effective way to achieve rapid drilling through ice. However, in the microgravity vacuum environment of extraterrestrial bodies, relying solely on the weight of the thermomelting drill to provide drilling pressure results in extremely low thermomelting efficiency. Increasing the weight of the thermomelting drill inevitably leads to a sharp increase in transportation costs and drilling risks. Furthermore, existing thermomelting drills are mostly linear propulsion types, which are prone to jamming or a sharp drop in drilling efficiency when the ice contains impurities. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a lightweight thermomelting drill suitable for extraterrestrial bodies that can provide continuous high drilling pressure and has certain obstacle avoidance and path adjustment capabilities, while maintaining low weight and high drilling pressure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a peristaltic thermal melting drill bit and method suitable for ice layers of extraterrestrial bodies, so as to solve the technical problems of low efficiency or even inability to drill in ice layers of extraterrestrial bodies in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: According to a first aspect of the present invention, a peristaltic thermal melting drill bit suitable for use on extraterrestrial ice layers is provided, comprising: a thermal melting drill bit assembly, a telescopic device, a swaying device, an anchoring device, and a sidewall heating tube. The thermal melting drill bit assembly is located at the foremost end of the drill bit assembly and is used for thermal melting drilling. The front end of the telescopic device is connected to the rear end of the thermal melting drill bit assembly and is used to drive the thermal melting drill bit assembly to extend axially to provide drilling pressure or to retract. The sidewall heating tube is sleeved outside the telescopic device, and a heating wire is wound around the outer wall of the sidewall heating tube for heating the borehole wall. The front end of the swaying device is connected to the rear end of the telescopic device and is used to drive the overall structure composed of the thermal melting drill bit assembly, the telescopic device, and the sidewall heating tube to perform directional deflection. The front end of the anchoring device is connected to the rear end of the swaying device and is used to selectively anchor or de-anchor to the borehole wall. The anchoring device and the telescopic device are configured to perform cyclical anchoring, drilling, unanchoring, and resetting actions to achieve peristaltic drilling: when the anchoring device is anchored to the borehole wall, the telescopic device extends to drive the thermo-melting drill bit device to drill; after the telescopic device retracts and the anchoring device is unanchored, the drill bit falls back to its original position by gravity.

[0005] Furthermore, the thermal fusion drill bit device includes a drill bit body, heating rods, an end cap, a clamping rod, a first sealing ring, a locking sealing nut, a second sealing ring, a first connecting member, and a watertight connector. The number of heating rods is at least two, and these two heating rods are inclined and evenly embedded inside the drill bit body. The end cap is placed on the drill bit body, and its inner wall has an annular groove. The clamping rod passes through the center of the end cap. The locking sealing nut is threadedly connected to the clamping rod, pressing the end cap tightly onto the drill bit body. The first sealing ring is disposed within the annular groove to seal the gap between the drill bit body and the end cap. The second sealing ring is disposed in the contact area between the clamping rod and the end cap. The first connecting member is fixed to the end cap for fixed connection to the front end of the telescopic device. The watertight connector is disposed on the end cap for supplying power to the heating rods.

[0006] Furthermore, the telescopic device includes a fixing unit, a first motor, a first lead screw, a first lead screw nut, a guide rod, a first spline tube, a second spline tube, and a drilling pressure detection unit. The fixing unit includes a telescopic device fixing component and a first lead screw bearing support. The first motor is fixedly mounted on a first motor mounting base. The first end of the first lead screw is connected to the output shaft of the first motor via a first motor coupling, and both ends of the first lead screw are rotatably supported on the telescopic device fixing component and the first lead screw bearing support via first lead screw support bearings, respectively. The first lead screw nut is threadedly engaged with the first lead screw. Both ends of the first spline tube are fixedly connected to the telescopic device fixing component and the first lead screw bearing support, respectively, and the outer wall of the first spline tube is provided with an external spline. The second spline tube is coaxially sleeved outside the first spline tube, and the inner wall of the second spline tube is provided with an internal spline that slides with the external spline. The second spline tube has a first end and a second end that are arranged opposite each other along its axial direction. The first end of the spline tube is used to connect to the thermal fusion drill bit device; there are two polished rods, which are arranged parallel and symmetrically on both sides of the first lead screw. One end of the polished rod is fixedly connected to the first lead screw nut, and the other end passes through the guide hole on the first lead screw bearing support and is fixedly connected to the second end of the second spline tube. This is used to transmit the linear motion of the first lead screw nut to the second spline tube and restrict the circumferential rotation of the first lead screw nut. The drilling pressure detection unit includes a first tension / compression sensor and a first tension / compression sensor pull shaft. The first tension / compression sensor is mounted on the first lead screw bearing support through the first tension / compression sensor housing. One end of the first tension / compression sensor pull shaft is fixedly connected to the tail end of the first lead screw, and the other end of the first tension / compression sensor pull shaft is connected to the force-bearing end of the first tension / compression sensor to transmit the axial load borne by the first lead screw during drilling to the first tension / compression sensor for real-time detection.

[0007] Furthermore, the optical rod and the first lead screw nut, as well as the optical rod and the second spline tube, are rigidly locked connections. The end of the optical rod is threaded, and by tightening the locking nut, the end face of the locking nut presses against the end faces of the first lead screw nut and the second spline tube, forming a double locking structure in both the axial and circumferential directions to prevent relative rotation and axial movement. One end of the first tension / compression sensor pull shaft is a threaded end, connected to the internal threaded hole at the tail end of the first lead screw. The other end of the first tension / compression sensor pull shaft is a cylindrical end, inserted into the shaft hole at the force-bearing end of the first tension / compression sensor, and a shear connection is formed by a first pull shaft pin that radially penetrates both ends.

[0008] Furthermore, the oscillation device includes an upper oscillation drive assembly, a lower oscillation drive assembly, and a flexible protective cover. The upper oscillation drive assembly includes an upper oscillation frame, an upper swing frame oscillatingly disposed within the upper oscillation frame, and a first drive mechanism for driving the upper swing frame to oscillate around a first axis. The lower oscillation drive assembly includes a lower oscillation frame and a second drive mechanism for driving the lower oscillation frame to oscillate around a second axis, the second axis being perpendicular to the first axis. The lower oscillation frame is connected to the upper oscillation drive assembly via the upper swing frame and can oscillate relative to the upper swing frame. The flexible protective cover is connected between the upper and lower oscillation frames and extends and retracts with their relative oscillation to isolate the external environment.

[0009] Furthermore, the first driving mechanism includes an upper deflection oscillation force source and a first gear system driven by the upper deflection oscillation force source, the first gear system including an upper bevel gear pair and an upper spur gear transmission pair; the second driving mechanism includes a lower deflection oscillation force source and a second gear system driven by the lower deflection oscillation force source, the second gear system including a lower bevel gear pair and a lower spur gear transmission pair; wherein the upper deflection oscillation force source and the lower deflection oscillation force source are selected from servo motors.

[0010] Furthermore, the anchoring device includes an anchoring outer tube, a second motor, a second lead screw, a second lead screw nut, an anchoring slider, an anchoring plate, a second tension / compression sensor, a second tension / compression sensor pull shaft, and a heating block. At least three radially penetrating windows are evenly distributed along the circumference of the wall of the anchoring outer tube. The second motor is fixedly installed at the top of the anchoring outer tube. The first end of the second lead screw is connected to the output shaft of the second motor and is rotatably coaxially disposed inside the anchoring outer tube. The second lead screw nut is threadedly engaged with the second lead screw, and the outer circumferential surface of the second lead screw nut has at least three axially extending protruding tracks with a first inclination angle. The anchoring plate is an arc-shaped plate corresponding to each of the windows. Each anchor plate has an anchoring protrusion on its outer arc surface for embedding into the ice layer, and the inner arc surface of the anchor plate is connected to the second lead screw nut via an anchoring slider; the inner arc surface of the anchor plate is fixedly connected to the corresponding anchoring slider via a detachable fastener; the inner side of the anchoring slider is provided with a groove track that slides with the protrusion track and has a second inclination angle, the first inclination angle and the second inclination angle matching to form an inclined sliding pair; the second tension and pressure sensor is coaxially connected to the tail end of the second lead screw via a second tension and pressure sensor pull shaft, for detecting the axial load borne by the second lead screw; the heating block is embedded in the inner wall of each anchor plate for heating the anchor plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the second lead screw is connected to the output shaft of the second motor via a second motor coupling, and the tail end of the second lead screw is rotatably supported inside the anchoring outer tube via a second lead screw bearing support; the pull shaft of the second tension / compression sensor is a stepped shaft structure, with its threaded end threadedly connected to the tail end of the second lead screw, and its optical shaft end inserted into the force-bearing shaft hole of the second tension / compression sensor, and pinned and fixed by a radially penetrating second pull shaft pin; the anchoring protrusion is a conical or wedge-shaped protrusion protruding from the outer surface of the anchoring plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the number and position of the swaying device and the anchoring device are configured according to the requirements of the detection mission.

[0013] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for detecting ice layers on extraterrestrial bodies is provided, employing the aforementioned peristaltic thermal melting drill tool suitable for extraterrestrial ice layers, comprising the following steps: Anchoring step: Activate the anchoring device to anchor it to the wall of the ice layer hole; Drilling steps: Activate the telescopic device and the thermal fusion drill bit device, and the telescopic device pushes the thermal fusion drill bit device forward for thermal fusion drilling; Reset Step: When the telescopic device reaches the predetermined extension stroke, the anchoring device is released from anchoring, the telescopic device retracts, and the entire drill bit falls back to its original position under the action of gravity. The anchoring step, drilling step, and reset step are executed cyclically to achieve peristaltic drilling; Chip removal step: During the drilling process, when it is detected that there are impurity particles accumulating at the bottom of the hole, the tilting device is activated, so that the thermo-melting drill bit device tilts to the side and below the main hole and drills out a secondary hole, so that the impurity particles flow into the secondary hole under the action of gravity. Then the thermo-melting drill bit device is tilted back to its original position and drilling continues downward.

[0014] During drilling, when impurity particles accumulate at the bottom of the hole, the following chip removal steps are performed: the swaying device is activated, causing the thermomelting drill bit to sway and drill a secondary hole below and to the side of the main hole; the impurity particles flow into the secondary hole under the action of gravity; then the thermomelting drill bit is swayed back and drilling continues downward.

[0015] The working principle and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Peristaltic high-pressure drilling is achieved through the alternating and coordinated operation of an anchoring device and a telescopic device. During drilling, the anchoring device extends, and the anchoring plate anchors to the borehole wall, providing support; the telescopic device drives the thermoelectric drill bit to drill forward and provide drilling pressure. When the telescopic stroke reaches its limit, the anchoring device retracts, and the telescopic device pulls back in the opposite direction, causing the drill string above the telescopic device to move downward under gravity, thus completing a peristaltic cycle of "anchoring-extension-release-reset". This method can actively generate and maintain a high drilling pressure far exceeding its own weight without relying on the drill string's own weight, significantly improving drilling efficiency.

[0016] Obstacle avoidance and slag removal: When drilling encounters debris accumulation at the bottom of the hole, a directional deflection device drives the entire assembly, consisting of a thermoforming drill bit, a telescopic device, and sidewall heating pipes, to deflect in a specific direction. The thermoforming drill bit then extends, melting a secondary hole below and to the side of the main borehole, guiding the debris into the secondary hole and clearing the obstruction from the main borehole. This function enhances the drilling tool's ability and reliability in heterogeneous ice layers.

[0017] Status Awareness and Safety Control: Real-time monitoring of drilling pressure and anchoring force is achieved through tension and compression sensors in the telescopic and anchoring devices, enabling closed-loop control and overload protection throughout the drilling process. The heating function of the anchoring plate enhances the anchoring effect and effectively prevents freezing and jamming against the borehole wall. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This application provides a schematic diagram of a peristaltic thermal melting drill structure suitable for extraterrestrial ice layers; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a peristaltic thermal melting drill bit suitable for extraterrestrial ice layers provided in this application embodiment; Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a peristaltic thermal fusion drill bit device suitable for extraterrestrial ice layers provided in this application embodiment; Figure 4 This application provides an exploded structural diagram of a thermal fusion drill bit device for a peristaltic thermal fusion drill suitable for ice layers on extraterrestrial bodies. Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the telescopic device structure of a peristaltic thermal melting drill suitable for extraterrestrial ice layers provided in this application embodiment; Figure 6An exploded structural diagram of a telescopic device for a peristaltic thermal melting drill suitable for ice layers on extraterrestrial bodies, provided as an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 A partial cross-sectional view of the telescopic device of a peristaltic thermal melting drill suitable for ice layers on extraterrestrial bodies, provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a swaying device for a peristaltic thermal melting drill suitable for extraterrestrial ice layers, provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 A partial cross-sectional view of a swaying device for a peristaltic thermal melting drill suitable for extraterrestrial ice layers, provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 An exploded structural diagram of a swaying device for a peristaltic thermal melting drill suitable for extraterrestrial ice layers, provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 A diagram illustrating the gear train structure of a peristaltic thermal melting drill suitable for extraterrestrial ice layers, provided in this application embodiment; Figure 12 A cross-sectional view of an anchoring device for a peristaltic thermal melting drill suitable for extraterrestrial ice layers, provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 13 A partial cross-sectional view of an anchoring device for a peristaltic thermal melting drill suitable for extraterrestrial ice layers, provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 14 An exploded structural diagram of an anchoring device for a peristaltic thermal melting drill suitable for extraterrestrial ice layers, provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 15 A schematic diagram illustrating the drilling process of a peristaltic thermal melting drill suitable for extraterrestrial ice layers, provided as an embodiment of this application; Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the form of a peristaltic thermal melting drill tool without a sway device, which is applicable to ice layers of extraterrestrial bodies, provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the dual-anchored drill bit configuration of a peristaltic thermal melting drill bit suitable for extraterrestrial ice layers provided in this application embodiment; The reference numerals in the figures are as follows: 1-Thermomelting drill bit assembly; 11-Drill bit body; 12-Heating rod; 13-End cap; 14-Pressure rod; 15-First sealing ring; 16-Locking sealing nut; 17-Second sealing ring; 18-First connecting piece; 19-Watertight joint; 131-Annular groove; 141-Mounting groove; 2-Telescopic device; 21-First motor; 22-First motor mounting base; 23-First motor coupling; 24-First lead screw; 25-First lead screw nut; 26-Polish rod; 27-Locking nut; 28-First spline tube; 281-External spline; 29-Second spline tube; 291-Internal spline; 201-First lead screw bearing support; 202-First lead screw bearing bearing support; 2031-First bearing retaining ring; 2032-Second bearing retaining ring; 204-First tension / compression sensor pull shaft; 205-First pull shaft pin; 206-First tension / compression sensor; 207-First tension / compression sensor housing; 208-Second connecting piece; 209-Telescopic device fixing piece; 3-Oscillating device; 31-Upper oscillation drive assembly; 32-Lower oscillation drive assembly; 33-Flexible protective cover; 311-Upper oscillation force source; 312-Upper mounting base; 313-Upper coupling; 314-Upper oscillation frame; 315-Upper driving bevel gear; 316-Upper bevel gear transmission shaft; 317-Upper driving spur gear; 318-Upper driven spur gear; 319-Upper swing frame; 3101-Upper gear bushing; 3102-Upper fixing part; 3103-Upper sway device connector; 3104-Upper fixing tube connector; 321-Lower sway force source; 322-Lower mounting base; 323-Lower coupling; 324-Lower sway frame; 325-Lower driving bevel gear; 326-Lower bevel gear drive shaft; 327-Lower driving spur gear; 328-Lower driven spur gear; 329-Lower gear bushing; 3201-Lower fixing part; 3202-Lower sway device connector; 3203-Lower fixing tube connector; 4-Anchoring device; 41-Second motor; 42-Second motor mounting base; 43-Second motor housing; 44-Anchoring device 45-Second motor coupling; 46-Second lead screw; 461-Second lead screw support bearing; 47-Second lead screw nut; 471-Raised track; 48-Anchoring slider; 481-Groove track; 49-Anchoring plate; 491-Anchoring protrusion; 401-Heating block; 402-Second lead screw bearing support; 403-Anchoring outer tube; 4031-Window; 404-Second tension / compression sensor; 405-Second tension / compression sensor housing; 406-Anchoring device connector; 407-Connecting pipe; 408-Second tension / compression sensor pull shaft; 409-Second pull shaft pin; 5-Side wall heating tube; 6-End device; 7-Combined cable; 8-Impurity particles. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, this invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and specific implementation methods can be determined according to the technical solutions of this invention and actual circumstances. To avoid obscuring the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, flows, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0021] Figures 1 to 17 This application illustrates the overall structure of a peristaltic thermal melting drill bit suitable for use on extraterrestrial ice layers, as provided in an embodiment of this application. The drill bit includes a thermal melting drill bit assembly 1, a telescopic device 2, a yaw device 3, an anchoring device 4, a sidewall heating pipe 5, and an end device 6. The thermal melting drill bit assembly 1 is located at the foremost end of the drill bit and is used to perform the ice-melting drilling task. The telescopic device 2 is connected to the rear end (i.e., the non-working end) of the thermal melting drill bit assembly 1 and controls its extension and retraction, thereby providing continuous and sufficiently high drilling pressure for the drilling process. The sidewall heating pipe 5 is sleeved on the outside of the telescopic device 2, and heating wire is wound around its outer wall for heating the borehole wall. The yaw device 3 is connected to the rear end of the telescopic device 2 and its function is to drive the overall structure composed of the telescopic device 2, the sidewall heating pipe 5, and the thermal melting drill bit assembly 1 to achieve directional deflection. The anchoring device 4 is connected to the rear end of the yaw device 3 and its function is to provide the necessary anchoring force for the drill bit during drilling operations. The number and location of the yaw device 3 and anchoring device 4 in the drill string are determined according to the drilling environment and flexibility requirements. The end device 6 is located at the very end of the entire drill string, and its rear end can be connected to various equipment according to different exploration task requirements. It is mainly used to realize functions such as the deployment and retraction of the integrated cable 7.

[0022] The thermal melting drill bit device 1 of the peristaltic thermal melting drill for extraterrestrial ice layers provided in this application embodiment includes a drill bit body 11, a heating rod 12, an end cap 13, a clamping rod 14, a first sealing ring 15, a locking sealing nut 16, a second sealing ring 17, a first connecting piece 18, and a watertight connector 19. The drill bit body 11 is used to realize the drilling function of the drill bit in the ice layer. The heating rod 12 is obliquely inserted into the interior of the drill bit body 11 to heat the drill bit body 11 and drive the drill bit to perform ice melting drilling. The end cap 13 is covered on the drill bit body 11, and an annular groove 131 is formed on the inner wall of the end cap 13; the first sealing ring 15 is disposed in the annular groove 131 to seal the annular gap formed at the connection between the drill bit body 11 and the end cap 13. The clamping rod 14 fixes and presses the end cap 13 against the top of the drill bit body 11 through the locking sealing nut 16. The clamping rod 14 has a mounting groove 141, and the second sealing ring 17 is housed in the mounting groove 141 and located in the contact area between the clamping rod 14 and the end cap 13. This prevents external melt water from seeping into the internal space formed by the end cap 13 and the drill bit body 11 along the clamping rod 14, thereby preventing the heating rod 12 from short-circuiting due to water immersion. The watertight connector 19 is installed on the top of the end cap 13 and is used to supply power to the heating rod 12. The first connecting member 18 is disposed between the thermomelting drill bit device 1 and the second spline tube 29 to realize the structural connection and load transfer between the two. The first connecting member 18 has an overall cylindrical structure, with its upper end fixedly connected to the first end of the second spline tube 29 and its lower end installed on the end cap 13, thereby transferring the axial movement and load of the second spline tube 29 to the thermomelting drill bit device 1. It should be noted that the locking and sealing nut 16 is a fastener that integrates locking and sealing functions. Its structural design enables it to achieve effective sealing while connecting and fastening. It is very mature in the industrial field and is a standard general-purpose component. Compared with traditional nuts that rely on additional washers to achieve sealing, the locking and sealing nut 16 used in this invention is a locking nut with a washer, which is a known technology and is a standard component.

[0023] The telescopic device 2 in the peristaltic thermal melting drill for extraterrestrial ice layers provided in this embodiment includes a first motor 21, a first motor mounting base 22, a first motor coupling 23, a first lead screw 24, a first lead screw nut 25, a polished rod 26, a locking nut 27, a first spline tube 28, a second spline tube 29, a first lead screw bearing support 201, a first lead screw support bearing 202, a first bearing retaining ring 2031, a second bearing retaining ring 2032, a first tension / compression sensor pull shaft 204, a first pull shaft pin 205, a first tension / compression sensor 206, a first tension / compression sensor housing 207, a second connecting member 208, and a telescopic device fixing member 209. The first motor 21 is fixedly mounted on the first motor mounting base 22, and the first motor mounting base 22 is fixedly connected to the telescopic device fixing member 209 for supporting and positioning the first motor 21. The output shaft of the first motor 21 is coaxially connected to the first lead screw 24 through the first motor coupling 23 to transmit rotational power. The two ends of the first lead screw 24 are rotatably supported on the telescopic device fixing member 209 and the first lead screw bearing support 201 via the first lead screw support bearing 202. The first lead screw support bearing 202 is a cylindrical roller bearing. The telescopic device fixing member 209 is fixedly connected to the second connecting member 208 and is used to support and position one end of the first lead screw 24. The main body of the telescopic device fixing member 209 is cylindrical and has a through shaft hole in the middle. The shaft hole is a stepped hole used to position the first lead screw support bearing 202. The first lead screw 24 has bearing mounting journals machined at both ends. The inner ring of the first lead screw support bearing 202 is fitted onto the journals and axially positioned by the shoulder and the first bearing retaining ring 2031. The outer ring of the first lead screw support bearing 202 is installed in the bearing holes of the telescopic device fixing member 209 and the first lead screw bearing support 201, and axially limited by the second bearing retaining ring 2032, thereby forming a rotatable support connection between the first lead screw 24 and the telescopic device fixing member 209 and the first lead screw bearing support 201. The upper end of the first spline tube 28 is fixedly connected to the telescopic device fixing member 209 by bolts. The first lead screw bearing support 201 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the first spline tube 28, thereby forming a stable support frame. The first lead screw nut 25 is screwed onto the first lead screw 24 to form a lead screw nut pair. When the first lead screw 24 rotates, it drives the first lead screw nut 25 to move axially. One end of the guide rod 26 passes through the center hole of the first lead screw bearing support 201 and extends to the first lead screw nut 25. The end of the guide rod 26 is provided with an external thread. The first lead screw nut 25 is provided with a mounting hole that mates with the guide rod 26. The locking nut 27 is screwed onto the external thread end of the guide rod 26 and abuts against the end face of the first lead screw nut 25. The guide rod 26 and the first lead screw nut 25 are fixedly connected by axial clamping, thereby achieving a reliable connection between the two and preventing loosening during operation.The other end of the guide rod 26 is also fixedly connected to the bottom of the second spline tube 29 via a locking nut 27, allowing the axial displacement of the first lead screw nut 25 to be transmitted to the second spline tube 29. The center hole of the first lead screw bearing support 201 forms a guiding fit with the guide rod 26, guiding and circumferentially limiting the guide rod 26, so that the guide rod 26 can only slide axially relative to the first lead screw bearing support 201 and cannot rotate circumferentially, thereby restricting the first lead screw nut 25 from rotating synchronously with the first lead screw 24. When the first motor 21 drives the first lead screw 24 to rotate, the rotational motion is converted into the linear motion of the first lead screw nut 25 through the lead screw nut pair, thereby driving the guide rod 26 and the second spline tube 29 to move together along the axial direction of the first lead screw 24. The second spline tube 29 is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the first spline tube 28. The inner wall of the second spline tube 29 is machined with an inner spline 291, and the outer wall of the first spline tube 28 is machined with an outer spline 281, the two fitting together to form a spline pair. The spline joint guides the axial movement of the second spline tube 29 and is capable of bearing and transmitting torque. The second spline tube 29 has a first end and a second end arranged opposite each other along its axial direction. The first end of the second spline tube 29 is fixedly connected to the first connector 18 in the thermoforming drill bit device 1, which is used to transmit the axial movement and torque of the second spline tube 29 to the thermoforming drill bit device 1. Since the bottom (i.e., the second end) of the second spline tube 29 is fixedly connected to the guide rod 26, when the first lead screw nut 25 drives the guide rod 26 to move, the second spline tube 29 slides smoothly along the axial direction of the first spline tube 28, realizing the telescopic function. The first tension / compression sensor 206 is fixedly mounted on the first lead screw bearing support 201 via the first tension / compression sensor housing 207. One end of the first tension / compression sensor pull shaft 204 has an external thread section, which is threadedly connected to the internal thread hole at the end of the first lead screw 24 and axially limited by a threaded locking structure. The other end of the first tension / compression sensor pull shaft 204 is a cylindrical end, which is inserted into the axial connection hole of the force-bearing shaft of the first tension / compression sensor 206. Radial through pin holes are machined at corresponding positions on the cylindrical end and the force-bearing shaft end of the first tension / compression sensor 206. The first pull shaft pin 205 passes through the first tension / compression sensor 206. The pin hole on the force-bearing shaft 206 and the pin hole on the cylindrical end of the first tension / compression sensor pull shaft 204 form a shear connection, and are axially anti-disengagement limited by a retaining ring or cotter pin, thereby forming an axial force transmission path between the first lead screw 24 and the first tension / compression sensor 206; the axial load generated by the first lead screw 24 during drilling is sequentially transmitted to the first tension / compression sensor pull shaft 204 through the threaded connection, and then transmitted to the force-bearing shaft of the first tension / compression sensor 206 through the first pull shaft pin 205, realizing real-time detection of drilling pressure. At the same time, this pin connection structure allows for compensation of minor assembly coaxial errors, avoiding the impact of additional bending moment on the sensor measurement accuracy. The first motor 21 drives the first lead screw 24 to rotate, which in turn drives the first lead screw nut 25, the guide rod 26 and the second spline tube 29 to move axially, thereby driving the thermomelting drill bit device 1 to extend or retract the side wall heating tube 5. The drilling reaction force is transmitted to the first tension and compression sensor 206 through the first lead screw 24.

[0024] The specific working process of the telescopic device 2 in the peristaltic thermal melting drill for extraterrestrial ice layers provided in this application embodiment is as follows: The telescopic device 2 is connected to the thermal melting drill bit device 1 through a first connecting member 18. In the initial state, both the telescopic device 2 and the first connecting member 18 in the thermal melting drill bit device 1 are housed inside the side wall heating pipe 5. When the first motor 21 is started, the second spline tube 29 is driven to extend along the axial direction of the side wall heating pipe 5 through the linkage between the components inside the telescopic device 2. At this time, the thermal melting drill bit device 1 and part of the second spline tube 29 extend to the outside of the side wall heating pipe 5. During this extension process, the thermal melting drill bit device 1 simultaneously performs ice-melting drilling operations. The reaction force generated during the drilling process is transmitted to the first tension and pressure sensor 206. By adjusting the rotation speed of the first motor 21, the drilling speed of the second spline tube 29 and the thermal melting drill bit device 1 is controlled, thereby providing a continuous and stable large drilling pressure for the drilling process. The telescopic device 2 also includes a second connector 208, which is located at the end of the telescopic device 2. The second connector 208 is cylindrical in shape. One end is fixedly connected to the telescopic device fixing member 209 inside the telescopic device 2, and the other end is provided with a flange connection structure for connecting and fixing to the lower sway device connector 3202 of the sway device 3, so as to realize a reliable structural transition and load transfer between the telescopic device 2 and the sway device 3.

[0025] The oscillation device 3 in the peristaltic thermal melting drill for extraterrestrial ice layers provided in this application embodiment includes an upper oscillation drive assembly 31, a lower oscillation drive assembly 32, and a flexible protective cover 33 connecting the two.

[0026] The upper yaw drive assembly 31 is used to drive the upper structure of the drill bit to yaw. The upper yaw drive assembly 31 includes an upper yaw force source 311, an upper mounting base 312, an upper coupling 313, an upper yaw frame 314, an upper bevel gear pair, an upper spur gear transmission pair, an upper swing frame 319, an upper gear bushing 3101, and an upper fixing member 3102. The upper bevel gear pair includes an upper driving bevel gear 315, an upper driven bevel gear, and an upper bevel gear transmission shaft 316. The upper spur gear transmission pair includes an upper driving spur gear 317 and an upper driven spur gear 318.

[0027] Specifically, the upper oscillation force source 311 is preferably a servo motor, which is fixedly mounted on the upper mounting base 312. The output shaft of the upper oscillation force source 311 is connected to the input shaft of the upper driving bevel gear 315 via an upper coupling 313. The shaft of the upper driving bevel gear 315 is rotatably supported on the bottom wall of the upper oscillation frame 314 via a deep groove ball bearing. To achieve power reversal and transmission, an upper driven bevel gear is provided, which is integrally formed or fixedly mounted on one end of the upper bevel gear transmission shaft 316. The upper driving bevel gear 315 meshes with the upper driven bevel gear to form a primary steering transmission. The other end of the upper bevel gear transmission shaft 316 is fixedly connected to an upper driving spur gear 317 via a flat key. When the upper oscillation force source 311 is started, the torque is transmitted sequentially through the upper driving bevel gear 315 and the upper driven bevel gear to the upper bevel gear transmission shaft 316, thereby driving the upper driving spur gear 317 to rotate. The upper driving spur gear 317 and its meshing upper driven spur gear 318 constitute a two-stage reduction and actuation transmission. The upper driven spur gear 318 is mounted on the upper gear bushing 3101 via a flat key. One end of the outer wall of the upper gear bushing 3101 is provided with a spline, which mates with a spline hole in the upper swing frame 319 to achieve circumferential fixation and torque transmission. At the same time, the journal of the upper gear bushing 3101 is supported in a bearing hole on one side of the upper swing frame 314 by a deep groove ball bearing. In order to form a stable rotational support, the side of the upper swing frame 319 away from the upper gear bushing 3101 is rotatably mounted in a bearing hole on the other side of the upper swing frame 314 via an upper fixing member 3102. The upper fixing member 3102 is fixedly connected to the upper swing frame 319. The end of the upper fixing member 3102 extends into the bearing hole on the upper swing frame 314 and forms a rotational fit with the bearing hole through a deep groove ball bearing. This supports the upper swing frame 319 and limits its swing axis, allowing the upper swing frame 319 to swing relative to the upper swing frame 314 around the bearing hole. During operation, when the upper driving spur gear 317 rotates, the upper driven spur gear 318 meshing with it rotates accordingly. Since the upper driven spur gear 318 is splinedly connected to the upper swing frame 319 through the upper gear bushing 3101, this rotational motion is converted into the reciprocating swing of the upper swing frame 319 around the central axis of its two end bearing holes, thereby realizing the swing action of the upper structure.

[0028] The lower yaw drive assembly 32 is used to drive the lower structure of the drill bit to yaw. Its structure is similar to that of the upper yaw drive assembly 31, but the installation method is reversed. It mainly includes: a lower yaw force source 321, a lower mounting base 322, a lower coupling 323, a lower yaw frame 324, a lower bevel gear pair, a lower spur gear transmission pair, a lower gear bushing 329, a lower fixing member 3201, and a lower yaw device connector 3202. The lower bevel gear pair includes a lower driving bevel gear 325, a lower driven bevel gear, and a lower bevel gear transmission shaft 326; the lower spur gear transmission pair includes a lower driving spur gear 327 and a lower driven spur gear 328. The lower yaw force source 321 is fixed to the lower mounting base 322, and the output shaft of the lower yaw force source 321 is connected to the lower driving bevel gear 325 through the lower coupling 323. The shaft of the lower driving bevel gear 325 is supported on the top wall of the lower yaw frame 324 by a deep groove ball bearing. A lower driven bevel gear is located at one end of the lower bevel gear drive shaft 326 and meshes with a lower driving bevel gear 325. A lower driving spur gear 327 is fixed to the other end of the bevel gear drive shaft 326 via a flat key. The lower driving spur gear 327 meshes with a lower driven spur gear 328. The lower driven spur gear 328 is mounted on a lower gear bushing 329 via a flat key. One end of the lower gear bushing 329 passes through a pre-drilled hole in the upper swing frame 319 and mates with a splined hole in the lower tilting frame 324. The journal of the lower gear bushing 329 is supported on the lower tilting frame 324 by a deep groove ball bearing. The lower fixing member 3201 is located on the side of the lower eccentric frame 324 away from the lower gear bushing 329. One end of the lower fixing member 3201 is fixedly connected to the lower eccentric frame 324, and the other end extends into the bearing hole on the upper eccentric frame 319, forming a rotational fit with the bearing hole through a deep groove ball bearing. This serves to support the lower eccentric frame 324 and limit its eccentric axis, allowing the lower eccentric frame 324 to eccentrically move relative to the upper eccentric frame 319 around the bearing hole. The lower eccentric device connector 3202 is located at the bottom of the lower eccentric frame 324 and serves as a connecting support structure. One end of the lower eccentric device connector 3202 is fixedly connected to the lower eccentric frame 324, and the other end is used to connect and fix to the second connector 208 of the telescopic device 2, thereby realizing the installation and fixation between the lower eccentric device 32 and the overall structure of the drill bit, and is used to transmit the axial load and torsional load generated during drilling.

[0029] The working principle of the lower yaw drive assembly 32 is the same as that of the upper yaw drive assembly 31, but the target of execution is different. When the driven spur gear 328 rotates, it will be connected to the spline of the lower yaw frame 324 through the lower gear bushing 329, causing the entire lower yaw frame 324 to yaw around the through hole axis on the upper swing frame 319.

[0030] To ensure internal cleanliness while achieving relative motion, a flexible protective cover 33 is provided. This flexible protective cover 33 is preferably a corrugated pipe structure, with its two ends sealed to the outer walls of the upper swing frame 314 and the lower swing frame 324, respectively. When the upper swing frame 319 and the lower swing frame 324 swing relative to each other, the flexible protective cover 33 can expand and contract accordingly, effectively isolating ice, dust, debris, and other contaminants from the extraterrestrial environment. This achieves waterproof and dustproof functionality for the internal transmission mechanism of the drill bit, ensuring reliable operation in extreme environments.

[0031] The following is a supplementary description of the yaw device 3 of the peristaltic thermal melting drill for extraterrestrial ice layers provided in the embodiments of this application. The upper fixing member 3102 is fixedly connected to the upper swing frame 319. One end of the upper fixing member 3102 is fixedly connected to the upper swing frame 319 via a spline, and the other end extends into the bearing hole of the upper yaw frame 314, forming a rotational fit with the bearing hole via a deep groove ball bearing. This provides radial support to the upper swing frame 319 and defines its yaw axis, allowing the upper swing frame 319 to yaw relative to the upper yaw frame 314 around this axis. The upper yaw device connector 3103 is located at the bottom of the upper yaw frame 314. It is an integral support structure with a connecting flange. The upper end is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the upper yaw frame 314, and the lower end is provided with a connecting flange, used to connect and fix the upper yaw drive assembly 31 to the main structure of the drill and transmit loads. The upper fixed pipe connector 3104 is fixedly connected to the upper sway device connector 3103, and is used to connect to the external fixed pipe body of the drill bit, thereby achieving structural support and positioning. Deep groove ball bearings are respectively installed at the support positions of the connecting shaft of the upper active bevel gear 315, the upper bevel gear transmission shaft 316, and the upper gear bushing 3101, to provide radial support and reduce frictional resistance between rotating components, ensuring smooth transmission. The lower fixed pipe connector 3203 is located at the end of the lower sway frame 324, and is fixedly connected to the lower sway frame 324, for connecting to the sidewall heating pipe 5 of the drill bit, thereby achieving structural transition, axial positioning, and load transfer between the lower sway drive assembly 32, the sidewall heating pipe 5, and the telescopic device 2. The sway device 3 of the peristaltic thermal melting drill bit for extraterrestrial ice layers provided in this embodiment can achieve single-stage or multi-stage compound sway motion, as detailed below: Single-stage yaw drive: When the upper yaw force source 311 in the upper yaw drive assembly 31 is activated, its output torque is transmitted step by step through the upper bevel gear pair and the upper spur gear transmission pair, ultimately driving the upper driven spur gear 318 to rotate. This rotational motion is converted into the yaw motion of the upper swing frame 319 around its own axis through a spline connection, and drives the lower yaw drive assembly 32 installed inside it to rotate synchronously. When the lower yaw force source 321 in the lower yaw drive assembly 32 is activated, its output torque is transmitted to the lower driven spur gear 328 through the internal gear transmission system, thereby driving the lower yaw frame 324 to yaw relative to the upper swing frame 319.

[0032] Composite yaw drive: When the upper yaw drive assembly 31 and the lower yaw drive assembly 32 are activated simultaneously, the yaw motion of the upper swing frame 319 and the yaw motion of the lower swing frame 324 are superimposed. Since their rotation axes are perpendicular to each other, this composite motion enables the thermal fusion drill bit connected to the lower swing frame 324 to achieve spherical yaw in space. This attitude adjustment capability on two orthogonal axes significantly improves the drill bit's passability and drilling flexibility in complex terrains of extraterrestrial ice layers.

[0033] The anchoring device 4 of the peristaltic thermal melting drill for extraterrestrial ice layers provided in this application embodiment will now be described. The anchoring device 4 includes a second motor 41, a second motor mounting base 42, a second motor housing 43, an anchoring device fixing component 44, a second motor coupling 45, a second lead screw 46, a second lead screw support bearing 461, a second lead screw nut 47, an anchoring slider 48, an anchoring plate 49, a heating block 401, a second lead screw bearing support 402, an anchoring outer tube 403, a second tension / compression sensor 404, a second tension / compression sensor housing 405, an anchoring device connector 406, a connecting pipe 407, a second tension / compression sensor pull shaft 408, and a second pull shaft pin 409. The second motor 41 is mounted on the second motor mounting base 42, which is a support structure with motor mounting holes. One side of the second motor mounting base 42 is fixedly connected to the anchoring device fixing member 44 to support and position the second motor 41, ensuring that the output shaft of the second motor 41 is coaxially arranged with the second lead screw 46. The second motor housing 43 is a shell structure used to house the second motor 41 and its auxiliary components, and to provide mechanical protection and heat dissipation channels for the motor. The exterior of the second motor housing 43 is provided with threaded connection holes that mate with the anchoring device fixing member 44 and the end device 6 to ensure the stability of the second motor housing 43 during drilling, and to achieve structural connection and load transfer between the anchoring device 4 and the end device 6. One end of the second lead screw 46 is coaxially connected to the output shaft of the second motor 41 through a second motor coupling 45. The second motor coupling 45 is fixedly connected to both the output shaft of the second motor 41 and the end of the second lead screw 46 to transmit torque and compensate for coaxiality errors. Bearing mounting structures are provided at both ends of the second lead screw 46. The second lead screw support bearing 461 is a cylindrical roller bearing. Its inner ring mates with the journal of the second lead screw 46 and is axially positioned by the shaft shoulder and bearing retainer. The outer ring of the second lead screw support bearing 461 is installed in the bearing holes of the anchoring device fixing member 44 and the second lead screw bearing support 402, and is fixed by the bearing retainer. The anchoring device fixing member 44 is a support structure with bearing holes. One side of it is fixedly connected to the anchoring outer tube 403 of the anchoring device 4. It is used to install and support the bearing at one end of the second lead screw 46, and at the same time bears the load transmission generated during the operation of the anchoring device 4, so that the second lead screw 46 forms a stable rotational support connection with the anchoring device fixing member 44 and the second lead screw bearing support 402. The second lead screw nut 47 is threadedly engaged with the second lead screw 46. When the second lead screw 46 rotates, it drives the second lead screw nut 47 to move up and down along the axis of the second lead screw 46.The mating surfaces of the second lead screw nut 47 and the anchoring slider 48 are inclined surfaces. The inclined surface of the second lead screw nut 47 is provided with at least two raised tracks 471. There are at least two anchoring sliders 48, and the inclined surface of each anchoring slider 48 is provided with a groove track 481 that mates with the corresponding raised track 471. The anchoring plate 49 is an arc-shaped plate, the inner arc surface of which is fixedly connected to the corresponding anchoring slider 48 by bolts, and the outer arc surface of which is provided with multiple anchoring protrusions 491 for embedding in the ice layer to provide anchoring force. The anchoring protrusions 491 are conical or wedge-shaped protrusions protruding from the outer surface of the anchoring plate 49. When the second lead screw nut 47 moves, the raised tracks 471 on the second lead screw nut 47 and the groove tracks 481 on the anchoring slider 48 slide relative to each other along the inclined surface of the anchoring slider 48, causing the anchoring plate 49 to extend or retract from the window 4031 of the anchoring outer tube 403. The anchoring outer tube 403 has a cylindrical structure with windows 4031 evenly distributed along its circumference on its side wall. These windows provide space for the radial extension and retraction of the anchoring plate 49. The windows 4031 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the anchoring outer tube 403, allowing the corresponding anchoring plates 49 to extend synchronously and contact the borehole wall, thus achieving a stable and reliable anchoring effect. The anchoring device connector 406 is located at the end of the anchoring device 4 and is also cylindrical. One end of the connector 406 is fixedly connected to the anchoring outer tube 403, and the other end has a flange structure for connecting and fixing the anchoring device 4 to the upper deflection device connector 3103 of the drill bit deflection device 3, ensuring the structural stability of the anchoring device 4 during drilling. The connecting pipe 407 is a hollow cylindrical structure. One end of the connecting pipe 407 is fixedly connected to the second lead screw bearing support 402 of the anchoring device 4, and the other end is fixedly connected to the upper fixed pipe connector 3104 of the eccentric device 3. This realizes the guidance and installation channel for each driving component inside the drill bit, and ensures the stable connection and reliable cooperation between the anchoring device 4, the eccentric device 3, and the overall structure of the drill bit. The second tension and compression sensor 404 is installed inside the second tension and compression sensor housing 405 through the threaded hole at its bottom. The second tension and compression sensor housing 405 is installed on the bottom surface of the second lead screw bearing support 402 by bolts. The threaded end of the second tension and compression sensor pull shaft 408 is threadedly connected to the second lead screw 46. The cylindrical end of the second tension and compression sensor pull shaft 408 is inserted into the force-bearing shaft hole of the second tension and compression sensor 404 and is fixed by pinning through the second pull shaft pin 409. The axial load on the second lead screw 46 is transmitted to the second pull shaft pin 409 via the pull shaft 408 of the second tension / compression sensor, and finally acts on the second tension / compression sensor 404 to realize the detection of axial force. During the anchoring process, the reaction force on the anchoring plate 49 is transmitted to the second tension / compression sensor 404 through the second lead screw nut 47.Because the borehole wall is smooth due to the ice layer, when the anchor plate 49 cannot achieve effective anchoring during drilling, the heating block 401 installed inside the anchor plate 49 is activated to raise the temperature of the anchor plate 49. Once the anchor plate 49 reaches the set temperature, the anchoring protrusions 491 on the outer surface of the anchor plate 49 embed into the borehole wall. The anchoring protrusions 491 are multiple raised structures on the outer surface of the anchor plate 49, shaped like cones or wedges and protruding radially outward. They are used to embed into the ice layer when the anchor plate 49 contacts the borehole wall, thereby increasing the friction and mechanical interlocking between the anchor plate 49 and the borehole wall. Subsequently, the heating block 401 stops heating, allowing the ice layer to refreeze in a low-temperature environment, thus fixing the anchoring protrusions 491 in the borehole wall and providing a stable anchoring force for the drilling process. Since the anchor plate 49 is in direct contact with the borehole wall, it is very easy for it to freeze together with the borehole wall during the anchoring process, causing the drill to get stuck. The second tension and pressure sensor 404 monitors the situation. If the force is too large or the motor torque is overloaded during the retraction process, the anchor plate 49 cannot retract. The heating block 401 is activated to heat the anchor plate 49, so that the anchor plate 49 separates from the borehole wall.

[0034] It should be noted that the first tension / compression sensor 206 and the second tension / compression sensor 404 are strain gauge or piezoelectric force sensors.

[0035] The overall workflow of the peristaltic thermal fusion drilling tool applicable to extraterrestrial ice layers provided in this application embodiment is now described. The thermal fusion drill bit device 1 is responsible for thermal fusion drilling at the front end of the thermal fusion drill bit. When the drill bit is fully inserted into the borehole, the anchoring device 4 is activated first, the anchoring plate 49 opens and holds the borehole wall; then the telescopic device 2 is activated, the second spline tube 29 drives the thermal fusion drill bit device 1 to continuously perform thermal fusion drilling within the adjustable drilling pressure range to ensure the stability and efficiency of the drilling process. When the extension range of the telescopic device 2 reaches the set value, the second motor 41 in the anchoring device 4 reverses to drive the anchoring plate 49 to retract. Subsequently, the first motor 21 in the telescopic device 2 reverses, and the devices above the telescopic device 2 in the drill bit retract downwards under the action of gravity, the drill bit returns to its initial motion state, and the next round of thermal fusion drilling begins. The cyclical action between the anchoring device 4 and the telescopic device 2 realizes peristaltic drilling with high drilling pressure. Figure 15 (a) During ice drilling, impurity particles 8 accumulate at the bottom of the hole, severely affecting drilling efficiency. The anchoring device 4 holds the borehole wall to maintain the stability of the drill bit. Then, the oscillation device 3 is activated. The oscillation device 3 drives the telescopic device 2, the hot melt drill bit device 1, and the side wall heating pipe 5 to swing within a preset oscillation angle range. Since the outer wall of the side wall heating pipe 5 is wrapped with heating wire, ice melting is achieved during its oscillation. Figure 15(b) When the thermoforming drill bit device 1 swings to the designated position, the telescopic device 2 is activated, and the thermoforming drill bit device 1 drills a secondary hole to the side and below the main drill hole, allowing the impurity particles 8 to flow to the lower secondary hole, such as... Figure 15 (c) Then, the telescopic device 2 retracts, the swaying device 3 swings back to its initial position, and the thermal drilling continues downward, as follows. Figure 15 (d)

[0036] Please refer to the following: Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 16 and Figure 17 This application describes several combinations of peristaltic thermal fusion drilling tools suitable for extraterrestrial ice layers, as provided in its embodiments. The drilling tool includes a thermal fusion drill bit device 1, a telescopic device 2, a skew device 3, an anchoring device 4, a sidewall heating pipe 5, and an end device 6. It can improve flexibility while achieving high drill pressure peristaltic drilling. The number and position of the skew device 3 are set according to drilling requirements. For example, the basic model of the peristaltic thermal fusion drilling tool does not include the skew device 3, yet it can still achieve high drill pressure peristaltic thermal fusion drilling. Figure 16 As shown. Based on the peristaltic thermal fusion drill bit, a dual-anchor peristaltic thermal fusion drill bit structure is proposed. An anchoring device 4 is added below the telescopic device 2 of the peristaltic thermal fusion drill bit, and the end device 6 is replaced with the thermal fusion drill bit device 1. If the drill bit itself carries a power supply, it can be powered without relying on the external integrated cable 7. The upper and lower anchoring devices 4 operate alternately, enabling both downward and upward drilling of the thermal fusion drill bit. Figure 17 As shown.

[0037] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A peristaltic thermal melting drill bit suitable for ice layers on extraterrestrial bodies, characterized in that, include: The drill bit assembly includes a thermal fusion drill bit device (1), a telescopic device (2), a swaying device (3), an anchoring device (4), and a sidewall heating pipe (5). The thermal fusion drill bit device (1) is located at the foremost end of the drill bit and is used for thermal fusion drilling. The front end of the telescopic device (2) is connected to the rear end of the thermal fusion drill bit device (1) and is used to drive the thermal fusion drill bit device (1) to extend axially to provide drilling pressure or to retract. The sidewall heating pipe (5) is sleeved on the outside of the telescopic device (2), and a heating wire is wound around the outer wall of the sidewall heating pipe (5) for heating the borehole wall. The front end of the swaying device (3) is connected to the rear end of the telescopic device (2) and is used to drive the thermal fusion drill bit assembly. The overall structure consisting of the anchor (1), the telescopic device (2), and the side wall heating pipe (5) is directionally deflected; the front end of the anchoring device (4) is connected to the rear end of the deflection device (3) for selectively anchoring or releasing the anchor with the borehole wall; wherein, the anchoring device (4) and the telescopic device (2) are configured to perform anchoring, drilling, releasing the anchor and resetting actions in a cyclic manner to achieve peristaltic drilling: when the anchoring device (4) is anchored with the borehole wall, the telescopic device (2) extends to drive the thermomelting drill bit device (1) to drill; after the telescopic device (2) retracts and the anchoring device (4) is released from anchoring, the drill bit falls back to reset by gravity.

2. The peristaltic thermal melting drill bit for extraterrestrial ice layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal fusion drill bit device (1) includes a drill bit body (11), heating rods (12), end caps (13), clamping rods (14), a first sealing ring (15), a locking sealing nut (16), a second sealing ring (17), a first connecting piece (18), and a watertight connector (19). The number of heating rods (12) is at least two, and at least two heating rods (12) are inclined and evenly embedded inside the drill bit body (11). The end cap (13) covers the drill bit body (11), and the inner wall of the end cap (13) is provided with an annular groove (131). The clamping rod (14) passes through the center of the end cap (13). The locking sealing nut (15) is... The nut (16) is threaded to the clamping rod (14) to press the end cap (13) onto the drill bit body (11); the first sealing ring (15) is disposed in the annular groove (131) to seal the gap between the drill bit body (11) and the end cap (13); the second sealing ring (17) is disposed in the contact area between the clamping rod (14) and the end cap (13); the first connecting piece (18) is fixed on the end cap (13) to be fixedly connected to the front end of the telescopic device (2); the watertight connector (19) is disposed on the end cap (13) to supply power to the heating rod (12).

3. The peristaltic thermal melting drill bit for extraterrestrial ice layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic device (2) includes a fixing unit, a first motor (21), a first lead screw (24), a first lead screw nut (25), a polished rod (26), a first spline tube (28), a second spline tube (29), and a drilling pressure detection unit. The fixing unit includes a telescopic device fixing component (209) and a first lead screw bearing support (201). The first motor (21) is fixedly mounted on a first motor mounting base (22). The first end of the first lead screw (24) is connected to the output shaft of the first motor (21) through a first motor coupling (23), and the two ends of the first lead screw (24) rotate through the first lead screw support bearing (202). Supported by the telescopic device fixing member (209) and the first lead screw bearing support (201); the first lead screw nut (25) is threadedly engaged with the first lead screw (24); the two ends of the first spline tube (28) are fixedly connected to the telescopic device fixing member (209) and the first lead screw bearing support (201) respectively, and the outer wall of the first spline tube (28) is provided with an external spline (281); the second spline tube (29) is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the first spline tube (28), and the inner wall of the second spline tube (29) is provided with an internal spline (291) that slides with the external spline (281), and the second spline tube (29) has a axially aligned... For the first and second ends, the first end of the second spline tube (29) is used to connect with the hot melt drill bit device (1); there are two polished rods (26), which are arranged parallel and symmetrically on both sides of the first lead screw (24). One end of the polished rod (26) is fixedly connected to the first lead screw nut (25), and the other end passes through the guide hole on the first lead screw bearing support (201) and is fixedly connected to the second end of the second spline tube (29) to transmit the linear motion of the first lead screw nut (25) to the second spline tube (29) and restrict the circumferential rotation of the first lead screw nut (25); the drill pressure check The measuring unit includes a first tension / compression sensor (206) and a first tension / compression sensor pull shaft (204); the first tension / compression sensor (206) is mounted on the first lead screw bearing support (201) through the first tension / compression sensor housing (207); one end of the first tension / compression sensor pull shaft (204) is fixedly connected to the tail end of the first lead screw (24), and the other end of the first tension / compression sensor pull shaft (204) is connected to the force-bearing end of the first tension / compression sensor (206) so as to transmit the axial load borne by the first lead screw (24) during drilling to the first tension / compression sensor (206) for real-time detection.

4. The peristaltic thermal melting drill bit for extraterrestrial ice layers according to claim 3, characterized in that, The optical rod (26) and the first lead screw nut (25), as well as the optical rod (26) and the second spline tube (29), are rigidly locked together. The end of the optical rod (26) is threaded. By tightening the locking nut (27), the end face of the locking nut (27) presses against the end faces of the first lead screw nut (25) and the second spline tube (29) respectively, forming a double locking structure in the axial and circumferential directions to prevent relative rotation and axial movement. One end of the first tension and pressure sensor pull shaft (204) is a threaded end, which is connected to the internal threaded hole at the tail end of the first lead screw (24). The other end of the first tension and pressure sensor pull shaft (204) is a cylindrical end, which is inserted into the shaft hole at the force-bearing end of the first tension and pressure sensor (206), and a shear connection is formed by the first pull shaft pin (205) that penetrates the two radially.

5. The peristaltic thermal melting drill bit for extraterrestrial ice layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oscillation device (3) includes an upper oscillation drive assembly (31), a lower oscillation drive assembly (32), and a flexible protective cover (33). The upper oscillation drive assembly (31) includes an upper oscillation frame (314), an upper swing frame (319) oscillatingly disposed within the upper oscillation frame (314), and a first drive mechanism for driving the upper swing frame (319) to oscillate around a first axis. The lower oscillation drive assembly (32) includes a lower oscillation frame (324) and a second drive mechanism for driving the lower oscillation frame (324) to oscillate around a second axis, the second axis being perpendicular to the first axis. The lower oscillation frame (324) is connected to the upper oscillation drive assembly (31) via the upper swing frame (319) and can oscillate relative to the upper swing frame (319). The flexible protective cover (33) is connected between the upper oscillation frame (314) and the lower oscillation frame (324) and extends and retracts with the relative oscillation of the two to isolate the external environment.

6. The peristaltic thermal melting drill bit for extraterrestrial ice layers according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first driving mechanism includes an upper oscillating force source (311) and a first gear system driven by the upper oscillating force source (311), the first gear system including an upper bevel gear pair and an upper spur gear transmission pair; the second driving mechanism includes a lower oscillating force source (321) and a second gear system driven by the lower oscillating force source (321), the second gear system including a lower bevel gear pair and a lower spur gear transmission pair; wherein the upper oscillating force source (311) and the lower oscillating force source (321) are selected as servo motors.

7. The peristaltic thermal melting drill bit for extraterrestrial ice layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchoring device (4) includes an anchoring outer tube (403), a second motor (41), a second lead screw (46), a second lead screw nut (47), an anchoring slider (48), an anchoring plate (49), a second tension / compression sensor (404), a second tension / compression sensor pull shaft (408), and a heating block (401). At least three radially penetrating windows (4031) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the wall of the anchoring outer tube (403). The second motor (41) is fixedly installed at the top of the anchoring outer tube (403). The first end of the second lead screw (46) is connected to the output shaft of the second motor (41) and is rotatably coaxially disposed inside the anchoring outer tube (403). The second lead screw nut (47) is threadedly engaged with the second lead screw (46), and the outer circumferential surface of the second lead screw nut (47) is provided with at least three axially extending protruding rails (471) with a first inclined angle. The anchoring plate (49) is connected to the window (4031). 31) One-to-one corresponding arc-shaped plates, each of the anchor plates (49) has an anchoring protrusion (491) on its outer arc surface for embedding into the ice layer, and the inner arc surface of the anchor plate (49) is connected to the second lead screw nut (47) through the anchoring slider (48); the inner arc surface of the anchor plate (49) is fixedly connected to the corresponding anchoring slider (48) through a detachable fastener; the inner side of the anchoring slider (48) is provided with a groove track (481) that slides with the protrusion track (471) and has a second inclination angle, the first inclination angle and the second inclination angle are matched to form an inclined sliding pair; the second tension and pressure sensor (404) is coaxially connected to the tail end of the second lead screw (46) through the second tension and pressure sensor pull shaft (408) for detecting the axial load borne by the second lead screw (46); the heating block (401) is embedded in the inner wall of each anchor plate (49) for heating the anchor plate (49).

8. The peristaltic thermal melting drill bit for extraterrestrial ice layers according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second lead screw (46) is connected to the output shaft of the second motor (41) through the second motor coupling (45), and the tail end of the second lead screw (46) is rotatably supported inside the anchoring outer tube (403) through the second lead screw bearing support (402); the second tension and pressure sensor pull shaft (408) is a stepped shaft structure, its threaded end is threadedly connected to the tail end of the second lead screw (46), its optical shaft end is inserted into the force-bearing shaft hole of the second tension and pressure sensor (404), and is pinned and fixed by the radially penetrating second pull shaft pin (409); the anchoring protrusion (491) is a conical or wedge-shaped protrusion protruding from the outer surface of the anchoring plate (49).

9. The peristaltic thermal melting drill bit for extraterrestrial ice layers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number and position of the sway device (3) and the anchoring device (4) are configured according to the requirements of the detection mission.

10. A method for detecting ice layers on extraterrestrial bodies, employing a peristaltic thermal melting drill tool suitable for ice layers on extraterrestrial bodies as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Anchoring step: Activate the anchoring device (4) to anchor it to the wall of the ice layer hole; Drilling steps: Activate the telescopic device (2) and the thermal fusion drill bit device (1), and the telescopic device (2) pushes the thermal fusion drill bit device (1) forward for thermal fusion drilling; Reset Step: When the telescopic device (2) reaches the predetermined extension stroke, the anchoring device (4) is released from anchoring, the telescopic device (2) retracts, and the entire drill bit falls and resets under the action of gravity; The anchoring step, drilling step, and reset step are executed cyclically to achieve peristaltic drilling; Chip removal step: During the drilling process, when it is detected that there are impurity particles (8) accumulating at the bottom of the hole, the sway device (3) is activated, so that the hot melt drill bit device (1) is swayed to the side and below the main hole and drills out the secondary hole, so that the impurity particles (8) flow into the secondary hole under the action of gravity, and then the hot melt drill bit device (1) is swayed back to its original position and drilling continues downward.

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