Farmland soil improvement and fertilization device

Abstract

The invention discloses a farmland soil improvement and fertilization device, and relates to the field of soil improvement, the fertilization device comprises a frame, a power assembly, a soil detection assembly, a granular fertilizer application unit and a liquid fertilizer application unit, the frame is a hand-held frame body, the front side of the frame is provided with a bearing frame, and the rear side of the frame is provided with a handrail; a granular fertilizer application unit, a liquid fertilizer application unit and a soil detection assembly are sequentially arranged on a bearing frame of the frame in the operation advancing direction, and the soil detection assembly is used for collecting soil nutrient, moisture and compactness data of a plough layer in the advancing process; the granular fertilizer application unit and the liquid fertilizer application unit selectively execute single or cooperative fertilizer application operation based on differential control signals generated by real-time soil detection data; according to the fertilization device, the optimal fertilizer form and combination can be flexibly selected according to the real-time condition of soil, the requirements of nutrient supply and physical structure improvement are synchronously met, and the fertilization pertinence, the fertilizer utilization rate and the comprehensive efficiency of soil improvement are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to soil improvement technology, specifically to a farmland soil improvement and fertilization device. Background Technology

[0002] In agricultural production, soil is the foundation upon which crops grow, and its health directly affects the yield and quality of agricultural products. However, under continuous farming pressure, soil is prone to problems such as uneven nutrient distribution and physical structure degradation, leading to a decline in soil fertility. Therefore, taking effective soil improvement measures and implementing scientific fertilization are essential requirements for maintaining and improving agricultural productivity and achieving sustainable farming.

[0003] Currently, fertilization decisions in many production scenarios still rely heavily on experience or employ fixed, undifferentiated fertilization schemes. This approach easily leads to excessive fertilizer input and waste, not only increasing production costs but also potentially posing ecological and environmental risks. To improve this situation, precision variable fertilization technology has been proposed and is being gradually applied, aiming to achieve on-demand fertilization based on the actual soil nutrient supply capacity and the differences in crop needs.

[0004] To overcome the aforementioned shortcomings, the industry has conducted numerous explorations and disclosed the following technical solutions:

[0005] 1) Patent application CN120500951A discloses a dynamic variable fertilization sowing device and its variable fertilization sowing method. This patent application includes a walking mechanism on which a sowing mechanism and a fertilization mechanism are mounted. The sowing mechanism includes a sowing wheel with a plurality of grooves evenly distributed circumferentially on its surface for receiving seeds. The fertilization mechanism includes a fertilization wheel with a plurality of grooves evenly distributed circumferentially on its surface for receiving fertilizer. The axles of both the sowing wheel and the fertilization wheel are connected to the walking wheel shaft of the walking mechanism via a transmission mechanism. When a groove rotates to the upper side, seeds or fertilizer falling under gravity can fill the corresponding groove. When a groove rotates to the lower side, the seeds or fertilizer in the groove can fall under their own weight to complete the sowing. Each of the grooves on the fertilization wheel can be individually dormant. This invention can dynamically adjust the amount of fertilizer applied according to the soil fertility distribution under different sowing types and densities, achieving high-precision variable fertilization.

[0006] 2) Announcement No. CN118120378B discloses an Internet of Things-based variable fertilization device for fruit trees and its usage method. In this patent application, it includes a base plate fixedly installed on a traction device, lifting cylinders symmetrically installed on the upper end of the base plate, and a side support plate fixedly connected to the upper end of the lifting cylinder, a fertilizer loading component, a material control component, a monitoring component, and an anti-clogging component. By setting the monitoring component, the composition of the air around the fruit tree roots is monitored and fed back in real time, so as to obtain the most suitable trenching depth and fertilizer amount. Then, the fertilizer discharge is controlled by the material control component to meet the fertilization operation of different fertilizer amounts. At the same time, during the fertilization process, the soil on both sides of the trench can be repeatedly pressed by the anti-clogging component to avoid soil clogging affecting the fertilization depth and fertilizer blockage, thus improving fertilization efficiency.

[0007] 3) Patent application CN120898597A discloses a variable-rate fertilizer applicator for dryland corn. This patent application includes a feed hopper and a strip-shaped crossbeam fixedly mounted on a vehicle body. Multiple supports are fixedly mounted at equal intervals on the crossbeam. Each support is equipped with a fertilizer cylinder via a position adjustment component, and a flexible discharge pipe is fixedly connected between the feed hopper and the corresponding fertilizer cylinder. Each support is equipped with a pit-digging and soil-collecting component via a vertical adjustment component, and each support is also equipped with a soil conveying component that cooperates with the fertilizer cylinder. The advantages are: it allows for precise fertilization of corn, and the soil generated from digging the pit is divided into two parts. One part is directly mixed with fertilizer and applied to the pit first, and then the remaining soil is used to cover this part, resulting in more effective and precise fertilization of the corn.

[0008] While the above solutions have promoted precision fertilization in specific application scenarios, they still have the following shortcomings from the perspective of achieving comprehensive soil improvement and synergistic nutrient management:

[0009] First, existing technologies struggle to achieve real-time closed-loop control that allows for on-the-spot measurement and immediate application. Patents 1 and 3 primarily rely on pre-mapped soil fertility distribution maps for variable decisions, while Patent 2 indirectly assesses fertility by monitoring air composition around fruit trees. Neither can provide in-situ, real-time, and dynamic monitoring of key physical and chemical parameters of the soil (especially the topsoil profile) during fertilization operations. This results in time and location differences between fertilization decisions and real-time field conditions, making it difficult to respond to the instantaneous spatial heterogeneity of soil conditions and thus preventing the formation of a truly dynamic and precise closed loop.

[0010] Secondly, the functions and materials are limited, lacking the ability to coordinate operations to meet complex needs. The aforementioned solutions all focus on the variable application of a single form of fertilizer (granular fertilizer). However, actual soil improvement and nutrient management is a comprehensive task, often requiring the flexible selection and coordinated application of granular fertilizer (for long-lasting slow release and improving physical structure) and liquid fertilizer (for rapid replenishment, pH adjustment, and simultaneous water and fertilizer application) based on test results. Existing technologies lack the ability to integrate dual-material systems on the same equipment platform and to make intelligent decisions and coordinate variable application based on real-time soil data.

[0011] Therefore, existing technologies need to develop an operational equipment that can simultaneously achieve real-time detection of multiple parameters of topsoil and intelligent synergistic application of granular and liquid fertilizers. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The purpose of this invention is to provide a farmland soil improvement and fertilization device to solve the problems of delayed fertilization decisions and the inability to apply fertilizers in a single form in a coordinated manner in the prior art.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a farmland soil improvement and fertilization device, wherein the fertilization device is configured as a variable fertilization device based on soil information coordination. The variable fertilization device includes a frame, a power component, a soil detection component, a granular fertilizer application unit, and a liquid fertilizer application unit. The frame is a hand-held frame with a support frame on the front and a handrail on the rear. A control panel is installed on the handrail of the frame. The granular fertilizer application unit, the liquid fertilizer application unit, and the soil detection component are sequentially arranged on the support frame along the operating direction, wherein:

[0014] The power assembly is used to drive the frame to move. It includes a drive motor, a sprocket set and a chain. The output shaft of the drive motor is transmitted to the axle of the load-bearing frame through the sprocket set and chain to drive the wheels to rotate.

[0015] The soil testing kit is used to collect data on soil nutrients, moisture, and compaction in the topsoil layer during the journey.

[0016] The granular fertilizer application unit and the liquid fertilizer application unit selectively perform single or coordinated fertilization operations based on differentiated control signals generated from real-time soil testing data. The granular fertilizer application unit includes a fertilizer tank, a stirring auger located inside the fertilizer tank and meshing with a chain, and a hole-digging and feeding execution mechanism located on the lower side of the fertilizer tank for digging holes for fertilization at a set depth. The liquid fertilizer application unit is mounted on the rear side of the support frame via a bracket and is close to the soil testing component. The liquid fertilizer application unit includes two sets of directional spraying mechanisms.

[0017] Furthermore, the soil testing component includes an outer bracket, a synchronous belt lifting unit, a multi-parameter detection probe, and a rotary drive unit. The outer bracket is bolted to a corner of the front side of the frame. The outer bracket is equipped with a guide rail and a synchronous belt lifting unit. The sliding end of the synchronous belt lifting unit is slidably connected to the guide rail, and the lower end of the sliding end passes through the outer bracket and is connected to the multi-parameter detection probe.

[0018] Furthermore, the multi-parameter detection probe is a cylindrical probe that integrates an ion sensor, an FDR sensor, and a pressure sensor. The shaft end of the multi-parameter detection probe is linked to the rotary drive unit through a pulley and a synchronous belt. By rotating, the multiple sensors on the cylindrical probe can collect data from multiple angles to obtain more representative detection results.

[0019] Furthermore, the excavation and material feeding mechanism includes a top support, a downward pushing electric cylinder, a horizontal pushing electric cylinder, a gear drive, a soil breaking shaft, a connecting frame, a directional guide arm, and a side pushing electric cylinder. The top support is connected to the lower side of the fertilizer box. Two sets of horizontal pushing electric cylinders are set in a mirror image on the lower side of the top support. The shaft ends of the two sets of horizontal pushing electric cylinders are respectively connected to the downward pushing electric cylinder through support plates.

[0020] Furthermore, the shaft end of the push-down electric cylinder is connected to a protective frame, a gear drive is installed inside the protective frame, and a soil-breaking shaft that meshes with the gear drive is provided at the bottom of the protective frame.

[0021] Furthermore, the connecting frame is inverted T-shaped and mounted on the lower side of the horizontal push electric cylinder. The two sides of the connecting frame are hinged to the directional guide arms, which are connected to the fertilizer tank through the material pipe and the discharge valve. One end of the side push electric cylinder is hinged to the middle of the connecting frame, and the other end of the side push electric cylinder is hinged to the middle of the directional guide arm. When the auger drill bit drills downward, the two side push electric cylinders retract synchronously, driving the two directional guide arms to close inward, so as to close and avoid the space around the drill bit and prevent collision interference. After the drill bit reaches the set depth and completes the digging, the two side push electric cylinders extend synchronously again, driving the two directional guide arms to unfold outward, forming a guide channel to accurately guide the fertilizer to the top of the hole for delivery.

[0022] Furthermore, each directional spraying mechanism includes a liquid tank, a high-pressure pump, a drive unit, a mounting bracket, a disc, a rotating rod, a first swing rod, a V-shaped connecting rod, a second swing rod, and a spraying frame. The liquid tank and the high-pressure pump are fixed to the front and rear sides of the bracket, respectively. The mounting bracket is connected to the upper side of the high-pressure pump, and the liquid inlet of the high-pressure pump is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid tank.

[0023] Furthermore, the mounting bracket has a long opening in the middle, and the spray frame has two sets, which are respectively hinged to both sides of the long opening of the mounting bracket. The spray frame is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure pump through a diversion pipe.

[0024] Furthermore, the drive component is fixed to the bottom side of the mounting bracket, and the shaft end of the drive component is connected to a disc. The eccentric side of the disc end face is hinged to a rotating rod. The first swing rod and the V-shaped connecting rod are coaxially hinged to the free end of the rotating rod. The middle of the V-shaped connecting rod is movably connected to the bottom side of the mounting bracket. The upper end of the V-shaped connecting rod extends into the long opening of the mounting bracket and is hinged to the second swing rod. The ends of the first swing rod and the second swing rod are respectively hinged to the spray frame located on both sides of the mounting bracket. As the drive component rotates, the spray frame, under the linkage of the disc, the rotating rod and the connecting rod mechanism, synchronously performs reciprocating swings in opposite directions or in opposite directions to control the spraying range.

[0025] Compared with existing technologies, the farmland soil improvement and fertilization device provided by this invention adopts a dual application unit integrating granular fertilizer and liquid fertilizer, and combines it with real-time in-situ detection of multiple parameters of the topsoil during operation. It can construct a real-time closed-loop fertilization logic of detection-analysis-decision-application. In particular, based on real-time soil data, it intelligently decides on single or synergistic fertilization modes, achieving precise on-demand allocation and efficient utilization of soil nutrients, completely eliminating the reliance on experience and the delayed response to soil maps in traditional fertilization. Specific technical effects include the following:

[0026] 1. This invention enables the synergistic operation of deep application of granular fertilizer and liquid fertilizer supplementation. It allows for flexible selection of the optimal fertilizer form and combination based on soil test results, thus meeting the complex nutrient requirements of comprehensive soil improvement and different growth stages of crops.

[0027] 2. This invention designs a hole-digging and feeding execution mechanism with adaptive avoidance and alignment functions, as well as a directional spraying mechanism that can dynamically adjust the spraying angle, ensuring the operational accuracy and reliability of deep application of granular fertilizer and spraying of liquid fertilizer under complex field conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the soil detection component in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the granular fertilizer application unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid fertilizer application unit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0035] 1. Frame; 2. Drive motor; 3. Sprocket assembly; 4. Chain; 5. Soil testing assembly; 501. Outer support; 502. Synchronous belt lifting unit; 503. Multi-parameter detection probe; 504. Rotary drive unit; 6. Granular fertilizer application unit; 601. Fertilizer tank; 602. Top support; 603. Downward push electric cylinder; 604. Lateral push electric cylinder; 605. Gear drive component; 606. Soil breaking shaft; 607. Connecting frame; 608. Directional guide arm; 609. Side push electric cylinder; 7. Liquid fertilizer application unit; 701. Liquid tank; 702. High-pressure pump; 703. Mounting bracket; 704. Disc; 705. Rotating rod; 706. First swing rod; 707. V-shaped connecting rod; 708. Second swing rod; 709. Spraying frame. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 2 As shown:

[0038] The present invention provides a farmland soil improvement and fertilization device, which is configured as a variable fertilization device based on soil information coordination. The variable fertilization device includes a frame 1, a power component, a soil detection component 5, a granular fertilizer application unit 6, and a liquid fertilizer application unit 7.

[0039] 1. In one embodiment of the present invention, the frame 1 is a hand-held frame with a support frame on the front and a handrail on the rear. A control panel is provided on the handrail of the frame 1. A granular fertilizer application unit 6, a liquid fertilizer application unit 7, and a soil testing component 5 are sequentially arranged on the support frame of the frame 1 along the working direction.

[0040] 2. In one embodiment of the present invention, the power assembly is used to drive the frame 1 to move, and includes a travel drive motor 2, a sprocket set 3 and a chain 4. The output shaft of the travel drive motor 2 is transmitted to the axle of the support frame through the sprocket set 3 and the chain 4 to drive the wheels to rotate.

[0041] As attached Figure 1 Appendix Figure 3 As shown:

[0042] 3. In one embodiment of the present invention, the soil detection component 5 is used to collect soil nutrient, moisture and compaction data of the cultivated layer during the movement. The soil detection component 5 includes an outer support 501, a synchronous belt lifting unit 502, a multi-parameter detection probe 503 and a rotary drive unit 504. The outer support 501 is fixed to a corner of the front side of the frame 1 by bolts. The outer support 501 is equipped with a guide rail and the synchronous belt lifting unit 502. The sliding end of the synchronous belt lifting unit 502 is slidably connected to the guide rail. The lower end of the sliding end passes through the outer support 501 and is connected to the multi-parameter detection probe 503. The multi-parameter detection probe 503 is a cylindrical probe that integrates an ion sensor, an FDR sensor and a pressure sensor. The shaft end of the multi-parameter detection probe 503 is linked to the rotary drive unit 504 through a pulley and a synchronous belt. By rotating, the multiple sensors of the cylindrical probe can collect data from multiple angles to obtain more representative detection results.

[0043] As attached Figure 2 Appendix Figure 4 As shown:

[0044] 4. In one embodiment of the present invention, the granular fertilizer application unit 6 and the liquid fertilizer application unit 7 selectively perform single or coordinated fertilization operations based on differentiated control signals generated from real-time soil detection data. The granular fertilizer application unit 6 includes a fertilizer tank 601, a stirring auger disposed inside the fertilizer tank 601 and meshing with the chain 4, and a hole-digging and material-discharging execution mechanism disposed on the lower side of the fertilizer tank 601 for digging holes for fertilization at a set depth. The hole-digging and material-discharging execution mechanism includes a top support 602, a downward-pushing electric cylinder 603, a horizontal-pushing electric cylinder 604, a gear drive component 605, a soil-breaking shaft 606 (auger drill bit), a connecting frame 607, a directional guide arm 608, and a side-pushing electric cylinder 609. The top support 602 is connected to the lower side of the fertilizer tank 601. Two sets of horizontal-pushing electric cylinders 604 are arranged in a mirror image on the lower side of the top support 602. The shaft ends of the two sets of horizontal-pushing electric cylinders 604 are respectively connected to the downward-pushing electric cylinders 603 through support plates. The shaft ends of the downward-pushing electric cylinders 603 are... A protective frame is connected, with a gear drive 605 installed inside the frame. A soil-breaking shaft 606 meshing with the gear drive 605 is located at the bottom of the frame. A connecting frame 607 is inverted T-shaped and mounted below a horizontal push cylinder 604. Directional guide arms 608 are hinged to both sides of the connecting frame 607. These guide arms 608 are connected to a fertilizer tank 601 via a material pipe and a discharge valve. One end of a side push cylinder 609 is hinged to the middle of the connecting frame 607, and the other end of the side push cylinder 609 is hinged... The directional guide arm 608 is connected to the middle part of the auger bit. When the auger bit drills downward, the two side pusher cylinders 609 retract synchronously, driving the two directional guide arms 608 to close inward, so as to gather and avoid the space around the drill bit and prevent collision interference. After the drill bit reaches the set depth and completes the digging, the two side pusher cylinders 609 extend synchronously again, driving the two directional guide arms 608 to unfold outward, forming a guide channel to accurately guide the fertilizer to the top of the hole for delivery.

[0045] As attached Figure 1 Appendix Figure 5 As shown:

[0046] 5. In one embodiment of the present invention, the liquid fertilizer application unit 7 is mounted on the rear side of the support frame and close to the soil detection component 5 via a bracket. The liquid fertilizer application unit 7 includes two sets of directional spraying mechanisms, each of which includes a liquid tank 701, a high-pressure pump 702, a drive component (not shown in the figure), a mounting bracket 703, a disc 704, a rotating rod 705, a first swing rod 706, a V-shaped connecting rod 707, a second swing rod 708, and a spray frame 709. The liquid tank 701 and the high-pressure pump 702 are respectively fixed to the front and rear sides of the bracket. The upper side of the high-pressure pump 702 is connected to the mounting bracket 703, and the inlet of the high-pressure pump 702 is connected to the outlet of the liquid tank 701. The mounting bracket 703 has a long opening in the middle, and two sets of spray frames 709 are provided, which are respectively hinged to both sides of the long opening of the mounting bracket 703. The spray frame 709 is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure pump 702 via a diverter pipe. The drive component is fixed to the bottom side of the mounting bracket 703. The shaft end of the drive component is connected to a disc 704. The eccentric side of the end face of the disc 704 is hinged to a rotating rod 705. The first swing rod 706 and the V-shaped connecting rod 707 are coaxially hinged to the free end of the rotating rod 705. The middle of the V-shaped connecting rod 707 is movably connected to the bottom side of the mounting bracket 703. The upper end of the V-shaped connecting rod 707 extends into the long opening of the mounting bracket 703 and is hinged to a second swing rod 708. The ends of the first swing rod 706 and the second swing rod 708 are respectively hinged to the spray frame 709 located on both sides of the mounting bracket 703. As the drive component rotates, the spray frame 709, under the linkage of the disc 704, the rotating rod 705 and the connecting rod mechanism, synchronously performs reciprocating swings in opposite directions or in opposite directions to control the spraying range.

[0047] In conjunction with the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a fertilization / operation method for the above-mentioned farmland soil improvement and fertilization device, comprising the following steps:

[0048] S100: Initialization and parameter preset. The operator sets the target operation parameters through the control panel (controller), including the expected soil nutrient (such as available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content) threshold, moisture (volume water content) threshold, compaction (soil penetration resistance) threshold, as well as the selection of application mode (automatic / manual) for granular fertilizer and liquid fertilizer, fertilization depth, and range of fertilizer application per unit area.

[0049] S200: Soil dynamic detection and data analysis during movement. The starting device and power component drive the frame 1 to move. During movement, the soil detection component 5 operates at a preset frequency or continuously: the synchronous belt lifting unit 502 drives the multi-parameter detection probe 503 to descend into the soil tillage layer, and the rotation drive unit 504 drives the probe to rotate to perform multi-angle measurements, collecting soil nutrient, moisture and compaction data in real time and uploading them to the controller.

[0050] S300: Intelligent decision-making and differentiated control signal generation. The controller compares and analyzes the real-time collected soil data with preset thresholds and crop growth models. Based on the built-in decision-making algorithm, it judges the current soil condition and needs and generates differentiated control signals containing information such as fertilizer type (granular fertilizer, liquid fertilizer or a combination of both), fertilizer amount, hole depth, and spraying range.

[0051] S400: Selective precision coordinated fertilization operation, each execution unit receives control signals and performs the following actions:

[0052] If granular fertilizer is to be applied, the hole-digging and feeding mechanism is activated: the horizontal push electric cylinder 604 and the downward push electric cylinder 603 adjust the position and depth, and the gear drive 605 drives the soil-breaking shaft 606 (auger drill bit) to rotate and dig the hole; at the same time, the side push electric cylinder 609 controls the directional guide arm 608 to close and avoid obstacles during hole digging, and to open and align with the hole during feeding; the stirring auger in the fertilizer tank 601 prevents caking, and the feeding valve controls the precise feeding of granular fertilizer into the hole through the guide arm. The granular fertilizer applied here is usually a slow-release compound fertilizer or an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, whose nutrient release is slow and long-lasting, and can be used as a base fertilizer or top dressing to provide long-term supply for the crop's needs throughout its growth period, and helps to improve the soil structure in the root zone.

[0053] If liquid fertilizer is to be applied, the corresponding directional spraying mechanism is activated: the high-pressure pump 702 pumps the liquid fertilizer from the liquid tank 701, and the drive unit drives the spray frames 709 on both sides to reciprocate through the disc 704, rotating rod 705 and linkage mechanism. The swing angle is adjusted according to the control signal, thereby changing the spray width and landing point distribution of the liquid fertilizer, realizing variable directional spraying. The liquid fertilizer applied here is usually a high-concentration water-soluble fertilizer or a functional liquid fertilizer (such as humic acid liquid fertilizer). Its nutrient form is easily absorbed. After spraying, it can quickly penetrate into the soil or be supplemented through the leaves, quickly correcting the crop's nutrient deficiency symptoms, and playing a rapid regulatory role in soil pH and microbial environment.

[0054] If coordinated operation is required, the above-mentioned granular fertilizer application and liquid fertilizer application processes are executed in an orderly or synchronous manner according to the decision signal. Coordinated operation can produce a synergistic effect that combines quick-acting and long-acting effects, and allows for the parallel application of nutrients and soil improvement. For example, when the soil in a certain area is detected to be compacted and lacking in quick-acting nutrients, the system can instruct the deep application of granular organic fertilizer to loosen the soil in the root zone and provide long-acting nutrients, followed by the spraying of water-soluble fertilizer to quickly replenish the nutrients urgently needed by the crop, thereby achieving synergistic optimization of short-term growth promotion and long-term soil improvement.

[0055] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A farmland soil improvement and fertilization device, wherein the fertilization device is configured as a variable fertilization device based on soil information coordination, the variable fertilization device includes a frame (1), a power component, a soil detection component (5), a granular fertilizer application unit (6), and a liquid fertilizer application unit (7), the frame (1) being a hand-held frame with a support frame on the front and a handrail on the rear, a control panel being provided on the handrail of the frame (1), and the granular fertilizer application unit (6), the liquid fertilizer application unit (7), and the soil detection component (5) being arranged sequentially on the support frame of the frame (1) along the working direction, characterized in that: The power assembly is used to drive the frame (1) to move. It includes a drive motor (2), a sprocket assembly (3) and a chain (4). The output shaft of the drive motor (2) is transmitted to the axle of the support frame through the sprocket assembly (3) and the chain (4) to drive the wheels to rotate. The soil testing component (5) is used to collect data on soil nutrients, moisture and compaction in the topsoil during the journey; The granular fertilizer application unit (6) and the liquid fertilizer application unit (7) selectively perform single or coordinated fertilization operations based on differentiated control signals generated from real-time soil detection data. The granular fertilizer application unit (6) includes a fertilizer box (601), a stirring auger located inside the fertilizer box (601) and meshing with a chain (4), and a hole-digging and feeding execution mechanism located on the lower side of the fertilizer box (601) for digging holes for fertilization at a set depth. The liquid fertilizer application unit (7) is mounted on the rear side of the support frame and close to the soil detection component (5) via a bracket. The liquid fertilizer application unit (7) includes two sets of directional spraying mechanisms.

2. The farmland soil improvement and fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil testing component (5) includes an outer bracket (501), a synchronous belt lifting unit (502), a multi-parameter detection probe (503), and a rotary drive unit (504). The outer bracket (501) is bolted to a corner of the front side of the frame (1). The outer bracket (501) is equipped with a guide rail and a synchronous belt lifting unit (502). The sliding end of the synchronous belt lifting unit (502) is slidably connected to the guide rail. The lower end of the sliding end passes through the outer bracket (501) and is connected to the multi-parameter detection probe (503).

3. The farmland soil improvement and fertilization device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The multi-parameter detection probe (503) is a cylindrical probe that integrates an ion sensor, an FDR sensor, and a pressure sensor.

4. The farmland soil improvement and fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hole-digging and material-discharging actuator includes a top support (602), a downward push electric cylinder (603), a horizontal push electric cylinder (604), a gear drive (605), a soil-breaking shaft (606), a connecting frame (607), a directional guide arm (608), and a side push electric cylinder (609). The top support (602) is connected to the lower side of the fertilizer box (601). Two sets of horizontal push electric cylinders (604) are set on the lower side of the top support (602) in a mirror arrangement. The shaft ends of the two sets of horizontal push electric cylinders (604) are respectively connected to the downward push electric cylinder (603) through support plates.

5. The farmland soil improvement and fertilization device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The shaft end of the push-down electric cylinder (603) is connected to a protective frame, and a gear drive component (605) is installed inside the protective frame. The bottom of the protective frame is provided with a soil-breaking shaft (606) that meshes with the gear drive component (605).

6. The farmland soil improvement and fertilization device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The connecting frame (607) is in the shape of an inverted T and is mounted on the lower side of the horizontal push electric cylinder (604). The connecting frame (607) is hinged to the two sides of the directional guide arm (608). The directional guide arm (608) is connected to the fertilizer box (601) through the material pipe and the discharge valve. One end of the side push electric cylinder (609) is hinged to the middle of the connecting frame (607), and the other end of the side push electric cylinder (609) is hinged to the middle of the directional guide arm (608).

7. The farmland soil improvement and fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the directional spraying mechanisms includes a liquid tank (701), a high-pressure pump (702), a drive unit, a mounting bracket (703), a disc (704), a rotating rod (705), a first swing rod (706), a V-shaped connecting rod (707), a second swing rod (708), and a spray frame (709). The liquid tank (701) and the high-pressure pump (702) are respectively fixed on the front and rear sides of the bracket. The mounting bracket (703) is connected to the upper side of the high-pressure pump (702), and the liquid inlet of the high-pressure pump (702) is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid tank (701).

8. A farmland soil improvement and fertilization device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mounting bracket (703) has a long opening in the middle, and the spray rack (709) has two sets and is respectively hinged on both sides of the long opening of the mounting bracket (703). The spray rack (709) is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure pump (702) through a diversion pipe.

9. A farmland soil improvement and fertilization device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The drive component is fixed to the bottom side of the mounting bracket (703). The shaft end of the drive component is connected to a disc (704). The eccentric side of the end face of the disc (704) is hinged to a rotating rod (705). The first swing rod (706) and the V-shaped connecting rod (707) are both coaxially hinged to the free end of the rotating rod (705). The middle of the V-shaped connecting rod (707) is movably connected to the bottom side of the mounting bracket (703). The upper end of the V-shaped connecting rod (707) extends into the long opening of the mounting bracket (703) and is hinged to the second swing rod (708). The ends of the first swing rod (706) and the second swing rod (708) are respectively hinged to the spray racks (709) located on both sides of the mounting bracket (703).

Images