Planting method of orchid plants

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cymbidium plant cultivation, in particular to a cymbidium plant planting method, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring an explant, analyzing an initial projection area and an average gray value of the explant through an image, dividing the explant into a superior body, a potential body, an active body and a lagging body by using a median, and analyzing an optimal physical stimulation scheme of each category after verifying a classification effect, the method comprises the following steps: carrying out preliminary cultivation based on a scheme, monitoring an area growth rate and a gray level change rate, and dynamically adjusting parameters; transplanting tissue culture seedlings to a matrix; evaluating maturity by calculating a plumpness index of a pseudobulb; calculating the index based on a maximum diameter, a height and a hardness value and comparing the index with a threshold value; according to the method, vernalization environment effect values are calculated day by day, vernalization induction is completed after an accumulated value reaches a threshold value, finally, temperature-returning flower forcing treatment is conducted, the temperature-returning flower forcing treatment comprises gradual temperature rising and high-phosphorus potassium fertilizer application, through scientific classification and personalized management, the protocorm induction efficiency and the flowering rate are improved, and efficient and stable cultivation of orchid plants is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of orchid cultivation technology, and specifically to a method for cultivating orchids. Background Technology

[0002] Existing methods for cultivating orchids lack detailed classification of physiological states and personalized stimulation programs for explant treatment, resulting in a reliance on experience, low efficiency, and unstable flowering rates. Traditional methods do not systematically quantify the correspondence between explant states and physical stimuli, making it difficult to achieve precise control and affecting large-scale production and quality consistency.

[0003] Existing or traditional methods of cultivating orchids have at least the following technical problems: 1. Existing cultivation methods for Orchid species lack a detailed quantitative classification and verification process for the physiological state of explants. They rely solely on experience for rough screening or uniform treatment, which leads to the neglect of potential developmental differences among explants. This makes it impossible to match differentiated cultivation strategies for starting materials in different states, resulting in high-quality explants failing to reach their full potential, while weak explants excessively consume resources. As a result, the overall cultivation process starts with inefficiency and resource misallocation.

[0004] 2. Traditional orchid cultivation methods lack a positive feedback decision-making mechanism based on image analysis, data statistics, and induction index calculation. Management decisions often rely on fixed procedures and the subjective experience of observers, leading to blind selection of physical stimulus schemes during the cultivation process, such as light stress and mechanical stress. It is impossible to scientifically verify which scheme is most effective for which type of material, thus making the protocorm induction process full of uncertainty, and making it difficult to guarantee the seedling rate and seedling quality.

[0005] 3. Existing cultivation methods for orchids lack quantitative calculations and precise control models for the effects of environmental factors, making it difficult to stably control the critical flower bud differentiation process. During vernalization, traditional methods generally use a fixed duration of low-temperature treatment, ignoring the impact of actual temperature fluctuations in different years and facilities on the vernalization effect. This makes it impossible to cope with environmental changes in actual production, easily leading to insufficient or excessive vernalization, resulting in unpredictable flowering time and extremely unstable flowering rate, which seriously affects the planning and economic benefits of commercial production.

[0006] 4. Traditional orchid cultivation methods lack systematic data association and closed-loop decision-making mechanisms across growth stages, resulting in disconnect between various cultivation links and the inability to form a continuously optimized production technology system. In traditional cultivation, the management of each stage is relatively independent, and the decision-making from propagation to vegetative growth to flowering is fragmented. There is a lack of feedback mechanisms that link the later flowering performance with the earlier physiological indicators and environmental data. The fragmented management model makes it difficult to quantify production experience, resulting in a high dependence on personal experience for technology transfer. Ultimately, this restricts the standardization, large-scale and intelligent development of the orchid cultivation industry. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a method for cultivating orchids, which can effectively solve the problems of reliance on experience, lack of standardization and low success rate in the prior art.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a method for cultivating orchid plants, comprising: S1. Obtain seeds of the orchid species to be cultivated as explants, classify the physiological states of each explant, verify the effect of each category of physiological state classification, and then analyze the optimal physical stimulation scheme corresponding to each category of explants.

[0009] S2. Based on the optimal physical stimulation schemes corresponding to each type of explant, preliminary cultivation of each type of explant is carried out.

[0010] S3. After initial cultivation, each tissue culture seedling is transplanted from a sterile environment to its corresponding substrate to obtain each plant. Based on the set monitoring period, the maturity of the pseudobulb corresponding to each plant is evaluated.

[0011] S4. Transfer each plant with mature pseudobulbs into the vernalization facility, calculate and accumulate the effective vernalization units of each plant daily, assess whether each plant has completed vernalization induction, and then perform warming and flower-inducing treatment on each plant that has completed vernalization induction.

[0012] Preferably, the process of classifying the physiological states of each explant is as follows: seeds of orchid plants that have passed preliminary screening are obtained as explants, the explants are disinfected using a stepwise disinfection method, and physiological stress is eliminated.

[0013] Once the physiological stress has been eliminated, the initial projected area of ​​each explant and the average gray value of the pixels in the corresponding image region are obtained.

[0014] Explants were classified into superior, potential, active, and lagging explants, based on the median of the initial projected area and the average gray value of each explant.

[0015] Preferably, the process for verifying the physiological state classification effect of each category is as follows: the same number of explants are extracted from each category to form a subset of explants corresponding to each category.

[0016] For various explant subsets, the same physical stimulation protocol was implemented, and the area growth rate and grayscale change rate of each explant subset were monitored. Based on the variance analysis results of the area growth rate and grayscale change rate of each explant subset, and the set effect threshold, the statistical significance of the physiological state classification effect of each category was evaluated, so as to achieve the purpose of verifying the physiological state classification effect.

[0017] Preferably, the process of analyzing the optimal physical stimulation scheme for each type of explant is as follows: each type of explant and each physical stimulation scheme are used as two experimental factors, and the explants and physical stimulation schemes are combined to obtain various experimental groups.

[0018] Various physical stimulation protocols were applied to different experimental groups. After the stimulation period of each physical stimulation protocol ended, the number of protocorms generated and the average diameter of protocorms in each experimental group were obtained, and the protocorm induction index of each experimental group was calculated.

[0019] Based on the protocorm induction index of various experimental groups, the optimal physical stimulation scheme for each type of explant was obtained.

[0020] Preferably, the preliminary cultivation of each type of explant is carried out as follows: based on the optimal physical stimulation scheme corresponding to each type of explant, during the execution of the corresponding optimal physical stimulation scheme, based on the set observation period, the area growth rate and gray scale change rate of each type of explant are monitored, and it is evaluated whether to adjust the optimal physical stimulation scheme.

[0021] Once the process is completed, it indicates that the initial cultivation of each type of explant has been finished.

[0022] Preferably, the process of assessing whether the pseudobulbs of each plant are mature is as follows: based on the set monitoring period, the pseudobulb plumpness index of each plant at each time point is calculated.

[0023] Based on the established pseudobulb plumpness index threshold, the maturity of the pseudobulbs of each plant is assessed.

[0024] Preferably, the specific process for calculating the pseudobulb fullness index of each plant at each time point is as follows: When measuring the pseudobulbs of each plant at each time point, the optimal pseudobulb of the corresponding plant is selected as the measurement and monitoring object, and the maximum diameter, height and hardness value of the optimal pseudobulb of each plant at each time point are measured. Combined with the standard parameter hardness value, the pseudobulb fullness index of each plant at each time point is calculated.

[0025] Preferably, the specific process for setting the pseudobulb fullness index threshold is as follows: obtain samples corresponding to each plant, calculate the pseudobulb fullness index of the samples corresponding to each plant, and record the flowering rate of the samples corresponding to each plant.

[0026] The samples corresponding to each plant were grouped based on the size of the pseudobulb fullness index. The average flowering rate of each group was calculated. Combined with the group with the set standard flowering rate, the minimum pseudobulb fullness index of each group was used as the threshold of the pseudobulb fullness index.

[0027] Preferably, the process of assessing whether each plant has completed vernalization induction is as follows: each plant with mature pseudobulbs is moved into a vernalization facility, and based on environmental parameters, combined with the baseline vernalization temperature, the daily average temperature of each plant in the vernalization facility and the actual light duration, the vernalization environmental effect value of each plant on each day is calculated.

[0028] The vernalization environmental effect values ​​of each plant on each day are summed to obtain the cumulative vernalization environmental effect value for each plant.

[0029] By combining the cumulative vernalization environmental effect value of each plant with the preset vernalization induction threshold, we can assess whether each plant has completed vernalization induction.

[0030] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the known prior art: 1. In the initial stage of Orchid propagation, this invention establishes a quantitative classification system for the physiological state of explants and a personalized physical induction scheme, achieving precise control of the production starting point. First, image analysis technology is used to obtain the projected area and tissue density parameters of the explants, calculate the initial physiological quality index, and scientifically classify the explants into four categories: superior, potential, active, and lagging. Then, for the physiological characteristics of different categories of explants, the optimal physical stimulation scheme is matched, such as photoperiodic stress with a specific spectrum or mechanical stress stimulation with customized parameters. This helps to fundamentally solve the problem of uneven seedling quality caused by relying on experience-based screening in traditional propagation, significantly improves the success rate and uniformity of protocorm induction, and provides high-quality standardized planting materials for subsequent cultivation.

[0031] 2. In the vegetative growth management stage, this invention introduces a pseudobulb fullness index quantification model to accurately determine the transition of growth stages. By comprehensively measuring the width-to-height ratio and tissue compactness of the pseudobulb, a comprehensive evaluation index that can objectively reflect the nutrient reserve level is constructed. Based on the set monitoring cycle, the changes of this index are continuously tracked. When the index is detected to continuously exceed the threshold determined by a large amount of experimental data, the transition of growth stages is automatically triggered. This helps to overcome the limitations of traditional cultivation that relies on fixed growth cycles or subjective experience judgment, ensuring that each plant enters the reproductive growth stage in the best physiological state, and effectively avoiding the quality decline and yield loss caused by inducing flowering too early or too late.

[0032] 3. In the reproductive growth induction stage, this invention achieves precise control of the vernalization process by constructing a dynamic environmental factor calculation model. By calculating the effective vernalization units per day and accumulating them, the cumulative vernalization environmental effect value is obtained. When the cumulative value reaches the vernalization induction threshold determined by correlation analysis, vernalization is determined to be complete and the warming and flower-inducing program is started. This helps to solve the problem that the traditional fixed-duration vernalization method cannot adapt to environmental fluctuations. It can effectively prevent flowering failure caused by insufficient vernalization and avoid nutrient waste caused by excessive vernalization, significantly improving the stability of flowering rate and the consistency of flower quality.

[0033] 4. At the overall technical architecture level, this invention achieves intelligent management of the planting process by establishing a full-process data-driven decision-making system and a closed-loop optimization mechanism. It organically connects explant classification, vegetative growth monitoring, vernalization induction, and other links through quantitative indicators to form a complete decision-making chain. At the same time, by continuously collecting operational parameters and final output data of each link, it provides data support for the continuous optimization of production parameters. This helps to break the traditional management model where each link is disconnected from the others, realize the accumulation and standardization of technical experience, significantly reduce the dependence on personal experience, and provide reliable technical support for the large-scale and standardized production of orchids. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation steps of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0038] Please see Figure 1 As shown, a method for cultivating an orchid includes at least the following: S1. Obtain seeds of the orchid species to be cultivated as explants, classify the physiological states of each explant, verify the effect of each category of physiological state classification, and then analyze the optimal physical stimulation scheme corresponding to each category of explants.

[0039] In one specific embodiment, the process of classifying the physiological states of each explant is as follows: seeds of orchid plants that have passed preliminary screening are obtained as explants, and the explants are disinfected using a step-by-step disinfection method.

[0040] After the explants are disinfected, they are placed in a culture room with set environmental parameters to eliminate physiological stress.

[0041] Once the physiological stress has been eliminated, image analysis software is used to capture images of the explants that have undergone physiological stress elimination, thereby obtaining the initial projected area of ​​each explant and the average gray value of the pixels in the corresponding image area.

[0042] The initial projected area and the median of the average gray value of the pixels in the corresponding image region are obtained for each explant. The explants are divided into superior explants, potential explants, active explants and lagging explants, based on the initial projected area and the median of the average gray value.

[0043] Explants with an initial projected area ≥ the median of the initial projected area, and explants with an average gray value ≤ the median of the average gray value, are classified as superior explants. Explants with an initial projected area ≥ the median of the initial projected area, and explants with an average gray value > the median of the average gray value, are classified as potential explants. Explants with an initial projected area < the median of the initial projected area, and explants with an average gray value ≤ the median of the average gray value, are classified as active explants. Explants with an initial projected area < the median of the initial projected area, and explants with an average gray value > the median of the average gray value, are classified as lagging explants.

[0044] It should be noted that preliminary screening refers to manually removing seeds that are obviously shriveled, deformed, have abnormal color (such as dark brown necrosis), or have visible damage before disinfection using a stereomicroscope.

[0045] It should be noted that the stepwise disinfection method refers to the method of using two or more disinfectants with different mechanisms of action and strengths in sequence (such as first using ethanol for preliminary wetting and degreasing, and then using sodium hypochlorite or mercuric chloride solution for deep sterilization) to sterilize the surface of explants. This is a mature technical method with many existing technologies.

[0046] It should be noted that the environmental parameters set include temperature, light cycle and light intensity. The setting process is based on the publicly available mature literature on orchid tissue culture and preliminary experimental verification to determine the optimal range that can meet its basic physiological activities. It should be noted that physiological stress refers to the physical damage and chemical stress suffered by explants during collection, disinfection, and other processes. The sign that physiological stress has been eliminated is determined through a preliminary experiment. For example, in the preliminary experiment, samples are taken and observed every 24 hours. When more than 80% of the explants no longer show browning and new callus tissue or new cells begin to form at the cut site (usually within 5-7 days), it is considered that the physiological stress has been eliminated, and the corresponding time point is defined as the physiological stress elimination time point.

[0047] It should be noted that image analysis software refers to professional software such as ImageJ and CellProfiler, which have the function of automatically identifying, measuring and calculating the geometric and optical features of target objects in images.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, the process of verifying the physiological state classification effect of each category is as follows: the same number of explants are extracted from each category as a subset of explants corresponding to each category.

[0049] For various explant subsets, the same physical stimulus protocol was implemented, and the area growth rate and grayscale change rate of each explant subset were monitored. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the area growth rate and grayscale change rate of each explant subset. If the test result of any indicator for a certain category of explant subset satisfies... If the value is less than or equal to the set effect threshold, it indicates that there is a statistically significant difference in the classification effect of physiological state in this category; otherwise, it indicates that there is no statistically significant difference in the classification effect of physiological state in this category.

[0050] It should be noted that the same physical stimulation scheme refers to applying a uniform physical stimulation condition with fixed parameters to the corresponding explant subsets of each category; for example, adopting a uniform photoperiodic stress scheme with all parameters fixed as follows: blue light spectrum (450nm), light intensity 40 micromoles per square meter per second, using an intermittent flashing cycle of 2 seconds of light and 8 seconds of darkness, for 12 hours a day, for 7 consecutive days.

[0051] It should be noted that monitoring the area growth rate and grayscale change rate corresponding to various explant subsets, if the execution duration in the physical stimulus protocol is... Then the initial and final time points of the physical stimulus program are denoted as follows: and , combined and The projected area and average gray value are used to calculate the area growth rate and gray value change rate of various explant subsets using the change rate calculation formula (existing calculation method).

[0052] It should be noted that, The value is a probability value. The smaller the value, the lower the probability that the differences between the data groups are due to random coincidence. Therefore, the differences are considered to be real, i.e., statistically significant. For example, if the null hypothesis is that there is no essential difference in the area growth rate among high-performing, high-potential, active, and lagging groups, and the same physical stimulus is applied to these four groups, their average area growth rate is measured and calculated. After processing by the analysis of variance software, a result is output. Value, if A value of 0.01 indicates that if the four categories are actually without difference (the null hypothesis holds), then the probability of a difference in the current average area growth rate is only 1%, a low-probability event. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected, and a significant difference in classification performance is found. A value of 0.25 indicates that even if there is no difference among the four categories, there is a 25% probability that the current difference will occur, suggesting that it may be caused by random fluctuations. Therefore, the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, and there is no significant difference in classification performance.

[0053] It should be noted that setting the effect threshold is to determine the significance level in statistics. The setting process is mainly based on scientific conventions and research needs. The widely accepted standard value of 0.05 is often directly adopted as the effect threshold. In this patent scheme, the general standard of 0.05 is used as the effect threshold.

[0054] In a specific embodiment, the process of analyzing the optimal physical stimulation scheme corresponding to each type of explant is as follows: each type of explant and each physical stimulation scheme are used as two experimental factors. Each type of explant and physical stimulation scheme are combined to obtain various experimental groups, each containing the same number of explants. The corresponding physical stimulation protocols were applied to various experimental groups. After the stimulation period of the corresponding physical stimulation protocol ended, the number of protocorms generated and the average diameter of protocorms in each experimental group were obtained, and then calculated using the formula: Calculate the first The protocorm induction index of the experimental group , Numbering of each experimental group The value of is a positive integer, where , and Represented as the first The number of protocorms generated, the average diameter of the protocorms, and the total number of explants for each experimental group.

[0055] Obtain the protocorm induction index corresponding to each physical stimulation scheme for each type of explant. Sort the protocorm induction indices corresponding to each physical stimulation scheme for a certain type of explant and select the largest protocorm induction index. The physical stimulation scheme corresponding to the largest protocorm induction index is the optimal physical stimulation scheme for that type of explant.

[0056] It should be noted that a complete physical stimulation program (taking light stress as an example) includes all quantifiable and executable parameters. For example, a complete light stress program specifies: using 450nm blue light, with a light intensity of 50 micromoles per square meter per second, and a light cycle of intermittent flashing (2 seconds of light, 8 seconds of darkness), lasting for 12 hours a day, with the entire stimulation cycle lasting 14 days. This set of parameters together defines the repeatable operational instructions.

[0057] It should be noted that physical stimulation protocols include light stress, mechanical stress, and photo-vibration combination; the stimulation period refers to the total duration from the start of physical stimulation to the end of stimulation, which is determined based on preliminary experiments; for example, the same batch of explants were cultured for 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days under the same light stress parameters, and then uniformly transferred to standard culture medium for observation. The results showed that the protocorm induction rate of explants cultured for 14 days (calculated by dividing the number of explants that produced protocorms by the total number of explants × 100%) was the highest, while shorter time induction was insufficient, and longer time led to protocorm aging or stress. Therefore, 14 days was established as the stimulation period for this light stress protocol in formal experiments.

[0058] It should be noted that the process of obtaining the number of protocorms and the average diameter is based on a standardized image acquisition and analysis procedure. After the stimulation cycle ends, each culture dish is photographed using a digital camera or microscope with a fixed resolution and height to obtain digital images. The images are then processed using image analysis software (such as ImageJ) to obtain the number of protocorms and the average diameter of protocorms in each experimental group.

[0059] In the initial stage of Orchid propagation, this invention achieves precise control of the production starting point by establishing a quantitative classification system for the physiological state of explants and a personalized physical induction scheme. First, image analysis technology is used to obtain the projected area and tissue density parameters of the explants, calculate the initial physiological quality index, and scientifically classify the explants into four categories: superior, potential, active, and lagging. Then, based on the physiological characteristics of different categories of explants, the optimal physical stimulation scheme is matched, such as photoperiodic stress with a specific spectrum or mechanical stress stimulation with customized parameters. This helps to fundamentally solve the problem of uneven seedling quality caused by relying on experience-based screening in traditional propagation, significantly improves the success rate and uniformity of protocorm induction, and provides high-quality standardized planting materials for subsequent cultivation.

[0060] S2. Based on the optimal physical stimulation schemes corresponding to each type of explant, preliminary cultivation of each type of explant is carried out.

[0061] In a specific embodiment, the preliminary cultivation of various types of explants is carried out as follows: based on the optimal physical stimulation scheme corresponding to each type of explant, the corresponding optimal physical stimulation scheme is executed on each type of explant.

[0062] During the execution process, based on the set observation period, the area growth rate and grayscale change rate of each type of explant are monitored through the image analysis system. If the trend of the area growth rate and grayscale change rate of a certain type of explant meets the expected requirements, the original optimal physical stimulation scheme is maintained; otherwise, the stimulation parameters in the original optimal physical stimulation scheme are adjusted. When the execution is completed, it indicates that the initial cultivation of each type of explant has been completed.

[0063] It should be noted that the image analysis and monitoring system refers to a software system that automatically identifies target objects in images and calculates their geometric and optical features based on mature digital image processing and machine vision algorithms in existing technologies (e.g., through open-source software ImageJ or image processing toolboxes in the commercial platform MATLAB). In this scheme, it is used to perform non-invasive and quantitative real-time tracking of the growth (area growth rate) and physiological state changes (grayscale change rate) of explants.

[0064] It should be noted that, under physical stimulation, explants with good development trends should continuously swell and differentiate into dense protocorms. Therefore, in this scheme, the expected trend means that the area growth rate should be a stable positive value (indicating that the tissue is growing and expanding) and the gray value change rate should be a stable negative value (indicating that the tissue color is darkening and the density is increasing, reflecting the differentiation of protocorms). This is defined as the area growth rate being ≥0 and the gray value change rate being ≤0 continuously within a continuous monitoring period.

[0065] It should be noted that adjusting the stimulation parameters refers to adjusting the intensity of the physical stimulation protocol being implemented. For example, in a mechanical stress protocol targeting potential organisms, if the grayscale change rate is detected to be +5% (indicating that the tissue may be damaged and waterlogged), the vibration amplitude is reduced from 0.15 mm to 0.12 mm to reduce the stress intensity. Conversely, if the area growth rate remains at 0% (no growth), the number of stimulations per day is increased from 4 to 5 to enhance the induction signal.

[0066] In the vegetative growth management stage, this invention introduces a pseudobulb plumpness index quantification model to accurately determine the transition of growth stages. By comprehensively measuring the width-to-height ratio and tissue compactness of the pseudobulbs, a comprehensive evaluation index that can objectively reflect the level of nutrient reserves is constructed. Based on a set monitoring cycle, the changes in this index are continuously tracked. When the index is detected to continuously exceed the threshold determined by a large amount of experimental data, the transition of growth stages is automatically triggered. This helps to overcome the limitations of traditional cultivation that relies on fixed growth cycles or subjective experience, ensuring that each plant enters the reproductive growth stage in the best physiological state, and effectively avoiding quality decline and yield loss caused by premature or late induction of flowering.

[0067] S3. After initial cultivation, each tissue culture seedling is transplanted from a sterile environment to its corresponding substrate to obtain each plant. Based on the set monitoring period, the maturity of the pseudobulb corresponding to each plant is evaluated.

[0068] It should be noted that the relationship between various explants, tissue culture seedlings, and plants is as follows: explants are cultivated to obtain tissue culture seedlings, which are then transplanted and hardened off to obtain plants.

[0069] In one specific embodiment, the process of assessing whether the pseudobulbs of each plant are mature is as follows: based on the set monitoring period, the pseudobulb plumpness index of each plant at each time point is calculated.

[0070] The pseudobulb plumpness index of each plant at each time point is compared with the set pseudobulb plumpness index threshold. If the pseudobulb plumpness index of the plant at a certain time point is greater than or equal to the pseudobulb plumpness index threshold, it is determined that the pseudobulb of the plant at that time point has matured. Otherwise, it indicates that the pseudobulb of the plant at that time point has not yet matured.

[0071] It should be noted that the monitoring cycle is set based on the growth rate of the pseudobulbs of orchids and is a fixed time interval determined through preliminary experiments, such as once every 15 days. The relationship between the monitoring cycle and each moment is that the monitoring cycle defines a fixed time interval for evaluation (such as 10, 15 or 30 days), while each moment specifically refers to a discrete measurement time point.

[0072] In a specific embodiment, the calculation of the pseudobulb fullness index of each plant at each time point is carried out as follows: When measuring the pseudobulbs of each plant at each time point, the optimal pseudobulb of the corresponding plant is selected as the measurement and monitoring object. The maximum diameter, height, and hardness value of the optimal pseudobulb of each plant at each time point are measured using a vernier caliper and a hardness tester. The results are then calculated using the following formula: , Number each plant. The value of is a positive integer. Numbering each moment. The value of is positive, and the calculation yields the th... Each plant The corresponding pseudobulb plumpness index at that time , , and Represented as the first Each plant The maximum diameter, height, and hardness values ​​corresponding to each moment. This is a standard reference hardness value, such as 1 N / mm².

[0073] It should be noted that the optimal pseudobulb refers to the most developed, robust, and mature pseudobulb on a single Orchid plant as the representative measurement object, based on size, fullness, and color. For example, if an Cymbidium ensifolium plant has three pseudobulbs, the first pseudobulb is smaller and lighter in color, the second pseudobulb is the largest and fullest and dark green, and the third pseudobulb has slight wrinkles on one side, the second pseudobulb is selected as the optimal pseudobulb for this measurement according to the above criteria.

[0074] In a specific embodiment, the specific process of setting the pseudobulb fullness index threshold is as follows: obtain the sample corresponding to each plant, calculate the pseudobulb fullness index of the sample corresponding to each plant based on the calculation method of the pseudobulb fullness index, and record the flowering rate of the sample corresponding to each plant.

[0075] The samples corresponding to each plant were grouped based on the size of the pseudobulb fullness index. The average flowering rate of each group was calculated. Groups with an average flowering rate greater than or equal to the set standard flowering rate were selected, and the minimum pseudobulb fullness index of the group was used as the pseudobulb fullness index threshold.

[0076] It should be noted that the specific process of grouping the samples corresponding to each plant based on the pseudobulb fullness index is as follows: First, determine the number of groups and the group interval. Then, according to the pseudobulb fullness index of each plant sample, it is assigned to the corresponding group. Taking 100 plant samples as an example, calculate the corresponding pseudobulb fullness index. The pseudobulb fullness index ranges from 1.0 to 5.0, and the samples are divided at a group interval of 0.5, forming groups such as 1.0 ≤ <1.5”, 1.5≤ <2.0”……up to “4.5≤” ≤5.0 and other consecutive values interval, The pseudobulb plumpness index represents the index of pseudobulb plumpness. Each sample is assigned to one of the interval groups based on its specific pseudobulb plumpness index.

[0077] It should be noted that the standard flowering rate is determined based on a comprehensive consideration of success rate and cost-effectiveness in commercial production. For example, in the production of high-value flowers such as orchids, if the flowering failure rate exceeds 5% (i.e., the flowering rate is less than 95%), it will lead to significant economic losses. On the other hand, pursuing a flowering rate close to 100% requires a significant increase in the pseudobulb plumpness index threshold, resulting in an excessively long cultivation cycle and increased costs. Therefore, the standard flowering rate is set at ≥95% (95% is the industry standard practice for balancing commercial feasibility and high-quality output).

[0078] In the reproductive growth induction stage, this invention achieves precise control of the vernalization process by constructing a dynamic environmental factor calculation model. By calculating the effective vernalization units per day and accumulating them, the cumulative vernalization environmental effect value is obtained. When the cumulative value reaches the vernalization induction threshold determined by correlation analysis, vernalization is determined to be complete and the warming-up flowering program is initiated. This helps to solve the problem that the traditional fixed-duration vernalization method cannot adapt to environmental fluctuations. It can effectively prevent flowering failure caused by insufficient vernalization and avoid nutrient waste caused by excessive vernalization, significantly improving the stability of flowering rate and the consistency of flower quality.

[0079] S4. Transfer each plant with mature pseudobulbs into the vernalization facility, calculate and accumulate the vernalization environmental effect value of each plant daily, assess whether each plant has completed vernalization induction, and then perform warming and flower-inducing treatment on each plant that has completed vernalization induction.

[0080] In a specific embodiment, the process of assessing whether each plant has completed vernalization induction is as follows: Each plant with mature pseudobulbs is transferred into a vernalization facility. Based on environmental parameters, including temperature and light, and combined with the baseline vernalization temperature, the average daily temperature and actual light duration of each plant in the vernalization facility, the vernalization environmental effect value for each day is obtained by calculating the following formula: Vernalization environmental effect value for each day = (Baseline vernalization temperature - Average daily temperature) × Actual light duration. The vernalization environmental effect values ​​for each plant on each day are summed to obtain the cumulative vernalization environmental effect value for each plant.

[0081] The cumulative vernalization environmental effect value corresponding to each plant is compared with the preset vernalization induction threshold. If the cumulative effective vernalization unit quantity corresponding to a certain plant is greater than or equal to the preset vernalization induction threshold, the plant is determined to have completed vernalization induction; otherwise, it indicates that the plant has not completed vernalization induction.

[0082] It should be noted that vernalization facilities refer to specialized growth equipment or spaces that can precisely control the low temperature and light environment to induce plants to complete flower bud differentiation.

[0083] It should be noted that the pre-set vernalization induction threshold is set using the same principle as the pseudobulb plumpness index threshold. Both are determined through correlation analysis in preliminary experiments. Specifically, during the vernalization stage, the relationship between different cumulative vernalization environmental effect values ​​and the subsequent flower bud differentiation success rate of the plant is monitored. The minimum cumulative vernalization environmental effect value that can stably induce flower bud differentiation (e.g., success rate ≥ 95%) is determined as the vernalization induction threshold.

[0084] In one specific embodiment, the process of performing a temperature-returning and flowering-inducing treatment on each plant that has completed vernalization induction is as follows: the plants that have completed vernalization induction are raised from the low temperature of vernalization in the vernalization facility to the suitable temperature for vegetative growth within 5-7 days, while normal watering is resumed and a flowering-inducing fertilizer with a high phosphorus and potassium ratio is applied.

[0085] It should be noted that vernalization should be carried out at low temperatures of 5-10℃; the optimal temperature for vegetative growth is 22-26℃ during the day and 16-20℃ at night; and a high phosphorus and potassium ratio fertilizer for promoting flowering can be a water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 10-30-20, with the conductivity of the fertilizer solution controlled within the range of 1.8 to 2.2 millisiemens per centimeter, applied once a week.

[0086] A computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, the processor executing the computer program to implement the steps of any one of the methods for cultivating orchid plants.

[0087] At the overall technical architecture level, this invention achieves intelligent management of the planting process by establishing a full-process data-driven decision-making system and a closed-loop optimization mechanism. It organically connects explant classification, vegetative growth monitoring, vernalization induction, and other links through quantitative indicators to form a complete decision-making chain. At the same time, by continuously collecting operational parameters and final output data of each link, it provides data support for the continuous optimization of production parameters. This helps to break the traditional management model where each link is disconnected from the others, realize the accumulation and standardization of technical experience, significantly reduce the dependence on personal experience, and provide reliable technical support for the large-scale and standardized production of orchids.

[0088] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating orchid plants, characterized in that, include: S1. Obtain seeds of the Orchid genus to be cultivated as explants, classify the physiological state of each explant, verify the effect of each category of physiological state classification, and then analyze the optimal physical stimulation scheme for each category of explants. S2. Based on the optimal physical stimulation schemes corresponding to each type of explant, preliminary cultivation of each type of explant is carried out; S3. After initial cultivation, each tissue culture seedling is transplanted from a sterile environment to its corresponding substrate to obtain each plant. Based on the set monitoring period, the maturity of the pseudobulb corresponding to each plant is evaluated. S4. Transfer each plant with mature pseudobulbs into the vernalization facility, calculate and accumulate the effective vernalization units of each plant daily, assess whether each plant has completed vernalization induction, and then perform warming and flower-inducing treatment on each plant that has completed vernalization induction.

2. The method for cultivating orchid plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of classifying the physiological states of each explant is as follows: Seeds of orchid plants that have passed preliminary screening were obtained as explants. The explants were disinfected using a stepwise disinfection method, and physiological stress was eliminated. After the physiological stress is eliminated, the initial projected area of ​​each explant and the average gray value of the pixels in the corresponding image area are obtained. Explants were classified into superior, potential, active, and lagging explants, based on the median of the initial projected area and the average gray value of each explant.

3. The method for cultivating orchid plants according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific process for verifying the effectiveness of classifying various physiological states is as follows: The same number of explants were extracted from each category to form a subset of explants for each category. For various explant subsets, the same physical stimulation protocol was implemented, and the area growth rate and grayscale change rate of each explant subset were monitored. Based on the variance analysis results of the area growth rate and grayscale change rate of each explant subset, and the set effect threshold, the physiological state classification effect of each category was evaluated to assess whether there are significant differences, so as to achieve the purpose of verifying the physiological state classification effect.

4. A method for cultivating orchids according to claim 3, characterized in that, The analysis of the optimal physical stimulation scheme for each type of explant is carried out in the following specific process: Each type of explant and each physical stimulation protocol were used as two experimental factors. By combining each type of explant and physical stimulation protocol, various experimental groups were obtained. Various physical stimulation schemes were applied to various experimental groups. After the stimulation cycle of each physical stimulation scheme ended, the number of protocorms generated and the average diameter of protocorms in various experimental groups were obtained, and the protocorm induction index of various experimental groups was calculated. Based on the protocorm induction index of various experimental groups, the optimal physical stimulation scheme for each type of explant was obtained.

5. A method for cultivating orchids according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preliminary cultivation of various types of explants is carried out in the following specific process: Based on the optimal physical stimulation scheme for each type of explant, during the execution of the corresponding optimal physical stimulation scheme, the area growth rate and gray scale change rate of each type of explant are monitored based on the set observation period to assess whether the optimal physical stimulation scheme should be adjusted. Once the process is completed, it indicates that the initial cultivation of each type of explant has been finished.

6. A method for cultivating orchid plants according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific process for assessing whether the pseudobulbs of each plant are mature is as follows: Based on the set monitoring period, the pseudobulb plumpness index of each plant at each time point is calculated. Based on the established pseudobulb plumpness index threshold, the maturity of the pseudobulbs of each plant is assessed.

7. A method for cultivating orchid plants according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific process for calculating the pseudobulb plumpness index of each plant at each time point is as follows: When measuring the pseudobulbs of each plant at each time point, the optimal pseudobulb of the corresponding plant is selected as the measurement and monitoring object. The maximum diameter, height and hardness value of the optimal pseudobulb of each plant at each time point are measured. Combined with the standard parameter hardness value, the pseudobulb fullness index of each plant at each time point is calculated.

8. A method for cultivating orchid plants according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific process for setting the threshold value of the pseudobulb plumpness index is as follows: Obtain samples corresponding to each plant, calculate the pseudobulb plumpness index of each sample, and record the flowering rate of each sample. The samples corresponding to each plant were grouped based on the size of the pseudobulb fullness index. The average flowering rate of each group was calculated. Combined with the group with the set standard flowering rate, the minimum pseudobulb fullness index of each group was used as the threshold of the pseudobulb fullness index.

9. A method for cultivating orchids according to claim 8, characterized in that, The specific process for assessing whether each plant has completed vernalization induction is as follows: Each plant with mature pseudobulbs was transferred into a vernalization facility. Based on environmental parameters, combined with the baseline vernalization temperature, the daily average temperature of each plant in the vernalization facility, and the actual light duration, the vernalization environmental effect value of each plant on each day was calculated. The vernalization environmental effect values ​​of each plant on each day are summed to obtain the cumulative vernalization environmental effect value of each plant. By combining the cumulative vernalization environmental effect value of each plant with the preset vernalization induction threshold, we can assess whether each plant has completed vernalization induction.

10. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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