Antistatic dust suppression dye and application thereof to composite textile fabric

Abstract

The invention discloses an antistatic dust suppression dye and an application thereof on a composite textile fabric, and relates to the technical field of fabric dyestuff, the dye is composed of the following components: all the components are connected with a dye skeleton part through a covalent grafting or chemical copolymerization mode: the dye skeleton is a coloring group suitable for a target fiber; the reactive anchor group is covalently bonded with hydroxyl or amido on the fiber in the dyeing or after-finishing process; the conductive ion conduction chain segment forms an electronic or ionic conductive ion path on the surface of the fiber; a surface energy regulation chain segment is used for regulating the hydrophilicity and micro-adhesion of the surface of the fiber; the cross-linkable film-forming immobilization section forms a cross-linked network and an optional microencapsulation component through light or heat curing after being dyed. Through dye molecule-level function integration, synchronous fixation of colors and functions is realized, the problem that functional components fall off after being washed with water is solved, and long-term stable antistatic and dust suppression effects are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fabric dyeing technology, specifically to an antistatic dust-suppressing dye and its application in composite textile fabrics. Background Technology

[0002] There are three main types of existing antistatic and dust suppression technologies in textiles: first, finishing coatings; second, incorporating conductive or metal fibers into the textile structure; and third, modifying the fiber matrix or adding conductive fillers. Common problems with these methods include: finishing agents easily detaching after repeated washing or friction, leading to functional failure; conductive fibers are costly and affect hand feel and dyeing uniformity; and physical coatings easily clogging fiber pores and reducing breathability. For composite blended fabrics, due to differences in fiber chemical properties, a single finishing treatment cannot simultaneously achieve colorfastness, conductivity, and dust suppression. Therefore, a long-term, durable, and integrated solution is an urgent need in the industry.

[0003] Patent CN116180470B discloses a co-bath dyeing process for reactive dyes on textile fabrics, which improves the evenness of dyeing.

[0004] The aforementioned patent utilizes reactive dyes added at high temperatures for dyeing, which effectively covers color differences caused by variations in the quality of the textile fabric itself, improves the even dyeing effect, and, moreover, exhibits good chemical stability when dyeing at room temperature (80℃). This avoids color instability issues such as reduced color yield and color changes caused by dye hydrolysis in alkaline baths. However, the finishing agent is prone to detachment after repeated washing or rubbing, leading to functional failure.

[0005] Therefore, this application proposes an antistatic dust-suppressing dye that achieves simultaneous fixation of color and function, and its application in composite textile fabrics. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an antistatic dust-suppressing dye and its application in composite textile fabrics, so as to solve the technical problem mentioned in the background art that it is difficult to simultaneously take into account color fastness, conductivity and dust suppression by a single post-treatment.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an antistatic dust-suppressing dye, wherein the dye composition comprises the following components, and each component is connected to the dye backbone via covalent grafting or chemical copolymerization:

[0008] Dye backbone: The dye backbone is a coloring group suitable for the target fiber, and the dye backbone is selected from one or more of reactive dyes, disperse dyes, basic dyes or direct dyes;

[0009] Reactive anchoring groups: These groups covalently bond with hydroxyl or amino groups on the fiber during dyeing or finishing processes.

[0010] Conductive ion-conducting segments form electronic or ion-conducting pathways on the fiber surface;

[0011] Surface energy can regulate chain segments and modulate the hydrophilicity and micro-adhesion of the fiber surface;

[0012] Crosslinkable film-forming retention segments, after dyeing, are cured by light or heat to form a crosslinked network;

[0013] And optional microencapsulated components, wherein the microcapsules contain ionic liquids or low-volatility conductive, ionic liquids or conductive agents, which are locally released upon friction or wear;

[0014] The total amount of the conductive ion conduction segment, the surface energy regulation segment, and the crosslinkable film-forming and retaining segment is 5-80 wt% based on the mass of the dye composition. The average particle size of the microcapsules is 0.2-5 μm. The dye composition can form a primary covalent fixation with the fiber under conventional dyeing and finishing process conditions and form a secondary crosslinked network after light or heat treatment.

[0015] Preferably, the reactive anchoring group is selected from one or more of chlorotriazine, vinylsulfonyl, sulfonate, or epoxy groups, and the content of the reactive anchoring group is 0.2-10 mol of the dye skeleton molar number.

[0016] Preferably, the conductive ion-conducting segments are selected from one or a combination of the following: quaternized polyethyleneimine graft segments, doped polypyrrole or polyaniline blocks, sulfonated polymer short chains or low molecular weight ion-conducting polymers, the number average molecular weight of the conductive ion-conducting segments is 500-10000 Da, and the content is 5-60 wt% of the dye composition.

[0017] Preferably, the surface energy modulating segment is selected from polyethylene glycol oligomer chains, low molecular weight hydrophilic acrylic acid graft segments, or acrylic acid or acrylamide oligomers containing a small amount of sticky groups. The number average molecular weight of the surface energy modulating segment is 300-5000 Da, and the content is 1-30 wt% of the dye composition.

[0018] Preferably, the shell material of the microcapsule is selected from polyacrylate, chitosan, polyurethane or the above-mentioned copolymer composite shell, the ionic liquid inside the microcapsule is a low-volatility ionic liquid or a solution containing a dispersible conductive agent, the loading rate of the microcapsule is 10-40 wt% of the mass of the microcapsule, and the total amount of microcapsule added is 0.1-5 wt% of the mass of the dye composition.

[0019] Preferably, the dye composition further includes nano-inorganic reinforcing fillers selected from surface-silanized silica, modified graphene oxide, titanium dioxide, or alumina, with a particle size of 5-100 nm. The amount of nano-fillers used is 0.01-3 wt% of the dye composition mass. The nano-fillers are chemically bonded or strongly adsorbed to crosslinkable film-forming holding segments or dye backbones via coupling agents.

[0020] Preferably, the crosslinkable film-forming and retaining segment is a graft segment containing unsaturated acrylic groups, epoxy groups, or a thermosetting hydroxy-isocyanate system, and is crosslinked by UV photoinitiation or heat treatment after dyeing. The amount of photoinitiator added is 0.1-5 wt% of the dye composition mass, and the UV curing energy density is 200-1000 mJ / cm³. 2 Alternatively, the thermal crosslinking temperature can be 120-180℃, and the holding time can be 10-300s.

[0021] Preferably, the suitability of the dye composition for composite textile fabrics is achieved in the following ways:

[0022] For fibers that are mainly composed of cellulose, choose reactive dye backbones and give priority to alkaline fixing.

[0023] For polyester-based fibers, disperse dyes should be selected and high-temperature pressing or high-temperature setting should be preferred.

[0024] For blended composite fabrics, the dye composition contains bifunctional dye sites that are compatible with both cellulose and polyester, or employs a two-step dyeing-one-step fixation process to ensure uniform distribution and firm fixation of functional components between component layers.

[0025] Preferably, the dyeing and post-treatment of the composite textile fabric by the dye includes the following steps:

[0026] Step S1: Prepare the dye bath: Prepare a dye bath at a total amount of 0.5-10 g / L of the dye composition, and add conventional dyeing auxiliaries;

[0027] Step S2, Dyeing: Dye cellulose and cotton plants at 60-80℃ for 20-90 min and then adjust the pH to 9.5-11 to promote the covalent fixation of reactive anchoring groups and fiber hydroxyl groups; perform high-temperature dispersion dyeing on polyester and synthetic fibers at 120-140℃ for 20-60 min; for blended composite fabrics, use one-bath compatible dyeing or two-step dyeing and perform corresponding fixation treatments to ensure compatibility of dyeing and functional fixation of each component;

[0028] Step S3, Cleaning and Drying: After staining, perform routine cleaning and dry at low temperature or incompletely to maintain the integrity of the microcapsules;

[0029] Step S4, Secondary Crosslinking and Curing: UV curing or thermal crosslinking is applied to the fabric after steps S2 and S3 to form a crosslinking network of crosslinkable film-forming and holding segments and nanofillers that are conductive and surface energy modulating segments and nanofillers are firmly held on the fiber surface.

[0030] Preferably, the dyeing and post-treatment of the composite textile fabric further includes:

[0031] Step S5, Optional Characterization and Quality Control: The surface resistivity of the treated fabric should be 1 × 10⁻⁶. 6 Up to 1×10 10 Ω / sq, dust suppression efficiency is improved by ≥30% compared with untreated fabric, and antistatic performance retention rate is ≥60% after 30 household washes; in steps S2-S4, microcapsules are added to the dye composition at 0.1-5wt% and dispersed on the fiber surface. The microcapsules rupture under local friction and release the internal ionic liquid to achieve local functional compensation.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] 1. This invention achieves simultaneous fixation of color and function by integrating dye molecules, solving the problem of functional components being washed away by water, achieving long-term stable antistatic and dust suppression effects, and reducing the frequency of post-treatment and maintenance costs;

[0034] 2. This invention utilizes a microencapsulated friction-triggered self-healing sustained-release system to provide local compensation and self-healing capabilities, solving the problem of releasing conductive media after local wear and extending the effective lifespan of the antistatic function;

[0035] 3. This invention achieves increased dust contact area and surface energy regulation by synergistically controlling the micro- and nano-structure of the surface through nano-inorganic particles, thereby improving dust suppression efficiency, while also enhancing wear resistance, thermal stability, and the mechanical integrity of the cross-linked layer;

[0036] 4. This invention achieves the formation of a network of cross-linked segments through a dual fixation strategy, which significantly reduces the risk of dissolution and migration of functional components, and ensures that the antistatic and dust-suppressing effects remain at a high level after repeated washing and rubbing. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] One embodiment of the present invention is an antistatic and dust-suppressing dye and its application in composite textile fabrics. It imparts stable antistatic and dust-suppressing functions to cotton fabrics in a single dyeing process, while taking into account both color fastness and hand feel.

[0040] Further, the materials include: 2.0 g of reactive dye backbone (containing reactive anchors, a composite dye grafted with conductive and functional segments); 0.8 g of quaternized polyethyleneimine grafted short chains; 0.25 g of PEG oligomeric segments; 0.2 g of crosslinkable acrylic film-forming segments; 0.05 g of silanized nano-silica; 0.2 g of microcapsules (shell: polyacrylate, filled with low-volatility imidazole ionic liquid, average particle size 1.0 μm, loading rate 25%); 0.03 g of photoinitiator (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone); 60 g / L of conventional auxiliaries NaCl; 1 g / L of surfactant; and 25 g / L of sodium carbonate as a fixing agent to promote covalent fixation.

[0041] Pre-wetting and dyeing: Place 100g of cotton fabric into a 2L dye bath, add reactive composite dye, raise the temperature to 60℃, and stir for 30 minutes to ensure uniform dyeing; Fixing (first-stage covalent fixation): Add sodium carbonate to raise the pH to 10.5 and maintain it for 30-45 minutes to allow the reactive anchoring groups to covalently bond with the fiber's -OH groups; Rinsing: Rinse with cold water until the washing solution is clear, and air dry until the surface is damp; Secondary crosslinking (photocuring): Irradiate the damp fabric under a UV curing machine with a UV energy density of 600mJ / cm². 2 (Single pass or segmented irradiation) to crosslink the acrylic graft segments to form a network; if UV conditions are unavailable, thermal crosslinking can be used instead: 150℃, 60s; post-treatment and softening: low-temperature drying (80℃) and addition of softening agent (0.5-1g / L) to improve hand feel;

[0042] The selection of microcapsule particle size and shell material ensures that the microcapsule remains largely intact during the dyeing and fixing process. Therefore, low-temperature or UV curing is preferred over high-temperature and long-term heat setting after dyeing. The PEG content is moderate to ensure that the surface is moderately hydrophilic and slightly sticky without feeling wet and sticky. NaCl assists in dyeing, and sodium carbonate is responsible for active bonding.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] One embodiment of the present invention is an antistatic dust-suppressing dye and its application in composite textile fabrics. It introduces antistatic dust-suppressing function into polyester (polyester) through dispersion dyeing at high temperature and pressure, and is suitable for industrial high-temperature dyeing lines.

[0045] Further, the materials are as follows: disperse dye backbone (disperse composite dye copolymerized and grafted with functional segments) 1.5 g / L; conductive short chain (doped polypyrrole block or high-temperature resistant quaternized polymer segment) 0.6 g; PEG400 (lower molecular weight) 0.15 g; high-temperature resistant microcapsules (shell: high-temperature resistant polyurethane, particle size 0.5-2 μm, loading 20%) 0.15 g; silanized modified graphene oxide 0.04 g; thermosetting film-forming segment (thermally crosslinked epoxy / hydroxy-isocyanate system) 0.25 g; dispersant / carrier and additives are prepared according to conventional methods (carrier 2-4 g / L, anti-settling agent 1 g / L).

[0046] Pretreatment: Wet the polyester fabric and place it in a high-temperature dye bath. Raise the dye bath temperature to 130-135℃ (high pressure) and add disperse dye and carrier, maintaining for 40-60 minutes; Cooling and drainage: After dyeing, cool the fabric to 80℃ with the machine, turn on the machine to drain the dye bath and rinse to remove any uncured dyes; Secondary curing (thermal crosslinking): Heat-set the fabric at 160℃ for 60-90 seconds to promote crosslinking of the thermally cured film segments and the formation of a stable network with the nanofillers and conductive segments; If equipment permits, a low-speed UV irradiation (300mJ / cm²) can be performed first. 2 Heat setting to protect the microcapsules; Post-treatment: routine cold bleaching and softening finishing;

[0047] To protect the microcapsules, a high-temperature resistant shell is selected or the probability of rupture at high temperatures is reduced (by properly controlling the heating rate and holding time); or the microcapsule content is reduced and thermal cross-linking is used to provide the main durability; the amount of modified graphene oxide is small to avoid affecting breathability and feel, but it is enough to improve mechanical strength and abrasion resistance.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] One embodiment of the present invention is an antistatic dust-suppressing dye and its application in composite textile fabrics, which achieves compatible functional imparting to each layer in blended fabrics (reactive dyeing on the cotton side + high-temperature dyeing on the polyester side), avoids interlayer migration, and ensures uniform functional distribution.

[0050] Further, the materials are as follows: 1.6g of reactive composite dye for cotton (containing conductive, surface energy, and crosslinkable segments); 1.2g of disperse composite dye for polyester (containing high-temperature resistant conductive segments); 0.6g of quaternized PEI (for cotton); 0.5g of heat-stable conductive block (in polyester disperse dye); 0.25g of microcapsules (temperature-resistant shell composite); 0.06g of nano-silica (silanized); 50g / L of NaCl (first-step dyeing aid); 22g / L of sodium carbonate (for color fixing); and 3g / L of dispersant (second-step dyeing aid).

[0051] Step A (Cotton-side reactive dyeing): Dye the blended fabric with the dye from step one, NaCl, and auxiliaries at 60℃ for 30 minutes (pH 5.5-6.0); add sodium carbonate to raise the pH to 10-10.5 and maintain for 30 minutes to complete the covalent reaction with cotton; rinse at low temperature (to remove unreacted dye), keep the fabric surface moist, and temporarily stop drying to protect the microcapsules;

[0052] Step B (High-temperature disperse dyeing of polyester): Send the fabric into a high-temperature pressure dyeing vat (which can be completed sequentially in the same equipment in the first step), add the disperse dye and dispersant from the second step, heat to 130-135℃, and maintain for 40-50 minutes (dyeing polyester); slowly cool to 80℃, rinse and transfer to the secondary crosslinking curing process;

[0053] Secondary cross-linking curing: using UV (400-800mJ / cm) 2 Secondary cross-linking is performed by either heat cross-linking (150-160℃, 60-90s) to ensure that the two types of functional segments are cross-linked and fixed on their respective fibers and to inhibit their migration between layers.

[0054] The two-step dyeing process employs a strategy of first using low-temperature reactive color fixing (cotton) followed by high-temperature disperse dyeing (polyester). If necessary, a protective agent is added to the dye bath between the two steps to maintain the stability of the microcapsules. The amount of dye used in each step and the order of adding crosslinking agents are controlled to reduce the mutual migration of dyes and functional components between layers.

[0055] Example 4

[0056] One embodiment of the present invention is an antistatic dust-suppressing dye and its application in composite textile fabrics. The dye is applied to knitted sportswear and casual wear fabrics, emphasizing comfort and soft hand feel. While maintaining the antistatic dust-suppressing function, it maximizes the softness, breathability and elasticity of the fabric, and is suitable for close-fitting or sportswear.

[0057] Further details regarding the materials are as follows: 1.5g of composite dye (for cotton and polyester blends); 0.4g of quaternized PEI (low branching, low stiffness); 0.6g of PEG-4000 (higher molecular weight to improve softness); 0.12g of acrylic film-forming segment (low dosage); 0.02g of nano-silica (extremely low dosage); 0.08g of microcapsules (to reduce dosage to prevent hardening); and 0.02g of photoinitiator.

[0058] Dye at room temperature or 40-60℃ for 30-45 minutes (dye bath pH 6.0) to protect the fabric's elasticity and hand feel using a low-temperature process; fix covalent bonds briefly (20-30 minutes) with a weak alkali (sodium carbonate 15g / L) to avoid damaging the fabric's elasticity with excessive alkali; lightly rinse and dry at low temperature (70-80℃); use low-dose UV (250-400mJ / cm²) 2 Cross-linking is performed, and the cross-linking density is controlled to maintain softness;

[0059] The PEG content is high to improve the smoothness and comfort of the fabric, while the amount of film-forming segments and nanofillers is extremely low to avoid fabric stiffness; the microcapsules are preferably made of elastic shell system (flexible polyurethane shell) to match the fabric's elasticity.

[0060] Example 5

[0061] One embodiment of the present invention is an antistatic dust-suppressing dye and its application in composite textile fabrics, used in high-wear scenarios such as industrial work clothes or medical uniforms, to enhance wear resistance, long-term antistatic properties and self-healing capabilities.

[0062] Further, the materials are as follows: composite dye (durable conductive segment reinforced type) 2.5g; quaternized PEI (high content) 1.0g; acrylic crosslinkable segment (high crosslink density) 0.5g; microcapsules (shell: thick-shell polyurethane, chitosan composite, particle size 0.5-2μm, loading 30%) 0.8g (relatively high addition amount); silanized silica or modified graphene oxide (5-50nm) 0.2-0.5g (reinforcing layer); photoinitiator 0.05-0.1g;

[0063] Conventional dyeing (selecting reactive or disperse dyeing based on fiber type), adding a high amount of conductive segments and microcapsules to the dye bath; one-time covalent curing (adjusting pH and temperature according to dye type), followed by thorough rinsing; UV pre-curing (600-800 mJ / cm). 2 Then, high-temperature thermal cross-linking (160-170℃, 90-180s) is carried out to form a high cross-linking density network and combine it with nanofillers; post-treatment; adding anti-fouling agent and strengthening wear-resistant finishing;

[0064] The high microcapsule content is used to improve long-term self-healing and compensation capabilities, and the nanofiller significantly enhances wear resistance and mechanical stability of the cross-linked layer; double cross-linking maximizes adhesion and washability and wear resistance.

[0065] Example 6

[0066] One embodiment of the present invention is an antistatic dust-suppressing dye and its application in composite textile fabrics, used in composite fabrics (including film layers or flame-retardant layers) such as sofas and curtains, requiring low migration of functional components and compatibility with flame-retardant finishing;

[0067] Furthermore, low-migration crosslinkable film-forming segments (epoxy or multifunctional isocyanate), extremely low-volume microcapsules (≤0.05g / 100g fabric), nanofillers (0.02-0.1g), and OWF dyes (1.0-2.0g) are used; after dyeing and functional dyeing, thermal crosslinking (160-180℃, short-time multiple channels) or high-energy UV (800-1000mJ / cm) is employed. 2Ensure complete sealing of surface cross-linking to prevent migration into the layers; for fabrics containing flame retardants, prioritize verification of compatibility and adjust the cross-linking type to avoid compromising the flame retardant function.

[0068] Unified evaluation methods and characterization metrics for performance testing:

[0069] All tests should use at least 3 independent samples (n=3) and provide the mean ± standard deviation. The sample size is recommended to be 200×200mm. The environmental conditions are 23±2℃ and 50±5% relative humidity.

[0070] 1. Surface resistance

[0071] Standard: Determined according to ATSM D257 or equivalent national standard (JIS / GB); Instrument: Surface resistivity meter; Conditions: Measured after 24 hours under environmental conditions, and the average of 3 measurements is taken; Unit: Ω / sq; Data processing: Record the initial value R0, and measure Rn after the 5th, 10th, 20th, and 30th washes. Calculate the conductivity σ=1 / R for retention rate calculation;

[0072] 2. Dust suppression and dust adsorption test

[0073] Use standard test dust (ISO 12103-1 A2 Fine Test Dust); pass the dust over the sample surface at a constant flow rate for a fixed duration in a standard wind tunnel or flow chamber; remove the sample and weigh it precisely on a balance, calculating the mass of dust adsorbed per unit area (mg / cm³). 2 ;

[0074] 3. Washability (Durability) Test

[0075] Standard: Perform according to ISO 105-C06 or the corresponding industry standard (set the number of washes to 5, 10, 20, 30 or more). After washing, measure the surface resistance according to item 1 and measure the dust suppression performance according to item 2. Record: Each set of 5 washes is used as a group for statistics and calculation of retention rate.

[0076] 4. Wear resistance and friction resistance test.

[0077] Standard: ISO 12947 / ASTM D4966; Indicators: Number of cycles required to achieve the specified appearance change (5% mass loss or obvious breakage / pores), and the change in surface resistivity before and after wear; Data: Record the number of wear cycles and the corresponding change in R value;

[0078] 5. Colorfastness test

[0079] Standard: ISO 105 series; Indicators: Results are given using a grayscale reference chart or a rating of 1-5 to ensure compliance of coloring functions;

[0080] 6. Microcapsule self-repair and sustained-release validation

[0081] Experiment 1 (Friction-triggered release): Standard friction / needle puncture or local strong abrasion was performed on a local area of ​​the sample, and the change in local surface resistance was measured. Then, under normal temperature and humidity conditions, wait for 10-60 minutes or perform light friction to trigger the release, and measure Rrecover.

[0082] Experiment 2 (Chemical Detection): Extraction and analysis (solvent extraction or colorimetric method) of the wear / trigger area to detect the amount of ionic liquid released from the microcapsule (ug / cm³). 2 ); Index: Local conductivity recovery rate = σrecover / σbefore × 100%;

[0083] 7. Dispersion and Surface Morphology Analysis of Nanofillers

[0084] Instruments: Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and contact angle tester are used to characterize micro / nano structures and surface hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity; Indicators: good dispersion of nanoparticles, surface layer-level micro-roughness, and contact angle variation.

[0085] Compared to a typical baseline: Surface resistivity: Rcontrol = 1.0 × 10¹² Ω / sq; Dust adsorption per unit area: Mcontrol = 0.040 mg / cm² 2 Martindale abrasion resistance to appearance change: 8000 cycles; color fastness: 4 / 4 (rating).

[0086] The test results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0087] Table 1 Simulation Results

[0088]

[0089] Working principle: This application covalently grafts or copolymerizes coloring functions and functional segments at the analytical or polymeric level to form an integrated composite dye molecule. During conventional dyeing, the dye backbone completes the dyeing of the fiber, while the reactive anchoring groups chemically react with the hydroxyl and amino groups on the fiber, achieving primary covalent fixation of the functional components at the molecular level. Therefore, the antistatic and dust-suppressing functions are not simply surface-layered coatings, but rather stable structures embedded in the coloring system that enter the fiber interface with the dye.

[0090] After dyeing, the crosslinkable film-forming segments are crosslinked through photocuring or thermal curing to form a secondary crosslinking network. The conductive segments, hydrophilic adhesive segments, and nanofillers are locked on the fiber surface and surface network by physical and chemical means. At the same time, nanofillers such as silanized nano silica or modified graphene oxide form a micro-nano-scale roughening structure in the network, which synergistically changes the surface energy, thereby enhancing both dust suppression ability and wear resistance and washability.

[0091] To address localized wear or long-term degradation, this application disperses microcapsules in a composite dye or finishing system. When the surface is rubbed or damaged, the microcapsules rupture locally and release conductive or ionic media, temporarily restoring or enhancing the conductive path of the damaged area. This achieves friction-triggered self-repair and slow-release compensation, extending the service life of the antistatic function.

[0092] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

Claims

1. An antistatic dust-suppressing dye, characterized in that: The dye composition comprises the following components, and each component is linked to the dye backbone via covalent grafting or chemical copolymerization: Dye backbone: The dye backbone is a coloring group suitable for the target fiber, and the dye backbone is selected from one or more of reactive dyes, disperse dyes, basic dyes or direct dyes; Reactive anchoring groups: These groups covalently bond with hydroxyl or amino groups on the fiber during dyeing or finishing processes. Conductive ion-conducting segments form electronic or ion-conducting pathways on the fiber surface; Surface energy can regulate chain segments and modulate the hydrophilicity and micro-adhesion of the fiber surface; Crosslinkable film-forming retention segments, after dyeing, are cured by light or heat to form a crosslinked network; And optional microencapsulated components, wherein the microcapsules contain ionic liquids or low-volatility conductive, ionic liquids or conductive agents, which are locally released upon friction or wear; The total amount of the conductive ion conduction segment, the surface energy regulation segment, and the crosslinkable film-forming and retaining segment is 5-80 wt% based on the mass of the dye composition. The average particle size of the microcapsules is 0.2-5 μm. The dye composition can form a primary covalent fixation with the fiber under conventional dyeing and finishing process conditions and form a secondary crosslinked network after light or heat treatment.

2. The antistatic dust-suppressing dye according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reactive anchoring group is selected from one or more of the following: chlorotriazine group, vinylsulfonyl group, sulfonate group or epoxy group, and the content of the reactive anchoring group is 0.2-10 mol of the dye skeleton molar number.

3. The antistatic dust-suppressing dye according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conductive ion-conducting segments are selected from one or a combination of the following: quaternized polyethyleneimine graft segments, doped polypyrrole or polyaniline blocks, sulfonated polymer short chains or low molecular weight ion-conducting polymers, the number average molecular weight of the conductive ion-conducting segments is 500-10000 Da, and the content is 5-60 wt% of the dye composition.

4. The antistatic dust-suppressing dye according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface energy modulating segment is selected from polyethylene glycol oligomer chains, low molecular weight hydrophilic acrylic acid graft segments, or acrylic acid or acrylamide oligomers containing a small amount of sticky groups. The number average molecular weight of the surface energy modulating segment is 300-5000 Da, and the content is 1-30 wt% of the dye composition.

5. The antistatic dust-suppressing dye according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shell material of the microcapsule is selected from polyacrylate, chitosan, polyurethane or the above-mentioned copolymer composite shell. The ionic liquid inside the microcapsule is a low-volatility ionic liquid or a solution containing a dispersible conductive agent. The loading rate of the microcapsule is 10-40 wt% of the mass of the microcapsule, and the total amount of microcapsule added is 0.1-5 wt% of the mass of the dye composition.

6. The antistatic dust-suppressing dye according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dye composition also includes nano-inorganic reinforcing fillers, which are selected from surface-silanized silica, modified graphene oxide, titanium dioxide or alumina, with a particle size of 5-100 nm. The amount of nano-fillers is 0.01-3 wt% of the dye composition mass. The nano-fillers are chemically bonded or strongly adsorbed with crosslinkable film-forming and immobilizing segments or dye backbones by coupling agents.

7. The antistatic dust-suppressing dye according to claim 6, characterized in that: The crosslinkable film-forming and retaining segment is a graft segment containing unsaturated acrylic groups, epoxy groups, or a thermosetting hydroxy-isocyanate system. After dyeing, it undergoes crosslinking via UV photoinitiation or heat treatment. The amount of photoinitiator added is 0.1-5 wt% of the dye composition mass, and the UV curing energy density is 200-1000 mJ / cm³. 2 Alternatively, the thermal crosslinking temperature can be 120-180℃, and the holding time can be 10-300s.

8. The antistatic dust-suppressing dye according to claim 7, characterized in that: The suitability of the dye composition for composite textile fabrics is achieved through the following methods: For fibers that are mainly composed of cellulose, choose reactive dye backbones and give priority to alkaline fixing. For polyester-based fibers, disperse dyes should be selected and high-temperature pressing or high-temperature setting should be preferred. For blended composite fabrics, the dye composition contains bifunctional dye sites that are compatible with both cellulose and polyester, or employs a two-step dyeing-one-step fixation process to ensure uniform distribution and firm fixation of functional components between component layers.

9. The application of an antistatic dust-suppressing dye according to claim 8 in composite textile fabrics, characterized in that: The dyeing and post-treatment of the composite textile fabric by the dye includes the following steps: Step S1: Prepare the dye bath: Prepare a dye bath at a total amount of 0.5-10 g / L of the dye composition, and add conventional dyeing auxiliaries; Step S2, Dyeing: Dye cellulose and cotton plants at 60-80℃ for 20-90 min and then adjust the pH to 9.5-11 to promote the covalent fixation of reactive anchoring groups and fiber hydroxyl groups; perform high-temperature dispersion dyeing on polyester and synthetic fibers at 120-140℃ for 20-60 min; for blended composite fabrics, use one-bath compatible dyeing or two-step dyeing and perform corresponding fixation treatments to ensure compatibility of dyeing and functional fixation of each component; Step S3, Cleaning and Drying: After staining, perform routine cleaning and dry at low temperature or incompletely to maintain the integrity of the microcapsules; Step S4, Secondary Crosslinking and Curing: UV curing or thermal crosslinking is applied to the fabric after steps S2 and S3 to form a crosslinking network of crosslinkable film-forming and holding segments and nanofillers that are firmly held on the fiber surface.

10. The application of an antistatic dust-suppressing dye according to claim 9 in composite textile fabrics, characterized in that: The dyeing and post-treatment of the composite textile fabric by the dye also includes: Step S5, Optional Characterization and Quality Control: The surface resistivity of the treated fabric should be 1 × 10⁻⁶. 6 Up to 1×10 10 Ω / sq, dust suppression efficiency is improved by ≥30% compared with untreated fabric, and antistatic performance retention rate is ≥60% after 30 household washes; in steps S2-S4, microcapsules are added to the dye composition at 0.1-5wt% and dispersed on the fiber surface. The microcapsules rupture under local friction and release the internal ionic liquid to achieve local functional compensation.

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