Sponge type bridge floor runoff collecting pool with purification function

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection and bridge engineering, in particular to a sponge type bridge floor runoff collecting pond with a purification function, which comprises a runoff collecting pipe, a collecting pond main body and a controller, the inner side of the collecting pond main body is divided into a sedimentation pond unit, an oil separation pond unit, an ecological pond unit and a clean water pond unit by partition walls I; the inner side of the clean water tank unit is divided into a water collecting area and a pipeline area through a partition wall II; a water passing through hole is formed in a partition wall I between the sedimentation tank unit and the oil separation tank unit, an S-shaped water passing bent pipe is embedded in a partition wall I between the oil separation tank unit and the ecological tank unit, the oil separation tank unit is communicated with the ecological tank unit through the S-shaped water passing bent pipe, and the ecological tank unit is communicated with a pipeline area of the clean water tank unit through a water seepage and drainage pipe; the problems that according to an existing bridge floor runoff treatment mode, the purification depth is insufficient, precise quality-divided regulation and control cannot be achieved, accident closure is lacked, and pollutants are only transferred but not really removed are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of environmental protection and bridge engineering technology, specifically a sponge-type bridge deck runoff collection pool with self-purification function. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of highway networks, numerous bridges inevitably cross or are located near sensitive water bodies such as drinking water source protection areas and rivers. Bridge runoff, as a significant non-point source of pollution, contains complex pollutants, typically including petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), heavy metals (such as zinc, lead, and cadmium), and tire wear particles (TWP). Especially in the initial stages of rainfall (the first 30 minutes after the start of rain), these high-concentration pollutants are directly discharged into water bodies, posing a serious threat to water environmental safety. Therefore, it is crucial to install efficient runoff collection and treatment systems for bridges crossing sensitive water bodies. In the later stages of rainfall, the pollution level is relatively low because the initial rainwater has already washed away most of the high-concentration pollutants from the bridge surface.

[0003] Currently, the publicly available technologies for treating bridge runoff mainly employ two methods: one is direct discharge or simple collection / infiltration / evaporation, as described in the publicly available document "Specifications for Environmental Protection Design of Highways (JTG B04-2010)". The most common practice is to divert runoff to the area under the bridge via rainwater inlets, downpipes, and drainage ditches, followed by treatment using simple infiltration pits or evaporation ponds. This method has significant drawbacks: it essentially only transfers runoff rather than purifies it; pollutants are merely transferred spatially to the area under the bridge, ultimately still polluting the soil and groundwater through infiltration or overflow, failing to meet the stringent environmental protection requirements of water source protection areas. The other method is an improved collection and primary treatment approach. To overcome these shortcomings, some improved solutions have emerged in the existing technology, involving the installation of collection troughs on both sides of the bridge. After collection, the runoff enters a sedimentation tank for sedimentation, and the supernatant is then discharged into natural water bodies. While the scheme achieves some initial treatment, it has significant shortcomings: First, its purification capacity is limited, only able to remove large suspended solids (SS), with minimal effect on dissolved pollutants, oils, and fine heavy metals, making it difficult for the effluent quality to consistently meet or exceed Class III standards of the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB 3838-2002); Second, the system lacks adaptability to fluctuations in water quality and quantity, cannot divert or regulate rainwater with high initial pollution concentrations, and cannot cope with sudden pollution accidents (such as hazardous chemical leaks).

[0004] Based on existing technologies, current methods for handling bridge runoff face the following main technical difficulties and bottlenecks: 1. The purification capacity is superficial and difficult to achieve in-depth treatment. Traditional grit chambers can only intercept large suspended solids and lack targeted removal units for characteristic pollutants such as dissolved petroleum, heavy metal ions and fine tire wear particles. The effluent quality is difficult to consistently meet the discharge standards of sensitive water bodies and cannot meet the stringent environmental protection requirements of water source protection areas.

[0005] 2. The system lacks adaptability to water quality and quantity, and cannot be precisely controlled. Existing technologies are all passive collection modes of "all-in, all-out," which neither set up initial rainwater diversion or enhanced purification functions, nor can they realize the direct discharge or reuse diversion of clean rainwater in the middle and later stages. This results in long-term ineffective occupation of treatment facilities, energy waste, and low system operating efficiency.

[0006] 3. Lack of emergency response capabilities, posing significant environmental safety hazards. Conventional systems lack the function of emergency interception and isolation storage of accident runoff. In the event of a hazardous chemical leak, highly concentrated toxic wastewater will directly enter the sedimentation tank or overflow and be discharged, which can easily lead to secondary environmental pollution accidents.

[0007] 4. Pollutants are merely transferred, not truly removed. Simple infiltration pits, evaporation ponds, and other similar measures are essentially just spatial transfers of runoff; the phase of pollutants remains unchanged. They re-enter the soil and groundwater systems through infiltration or overflow, causing secondary pollution and failing to fundamentally reduce the environmental burden.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the field to invent a sponge-type bridge deck runoff collection pool with self-purification function to solve the above problems and make up for the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In order to solve the problems of insufficient purification depth, inability to accurately differentiate and control the quality of existing bridge deck runoff treatment methods, lack of accident interception, and pollutants being transferred but not truly removed, this invention provides a sponge-type bridge deck runoff collection pool with self-purification function.

[0010] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution: A sponge-type bridge deck runoff collection pool with self-purification function includes a runoff collection pipe, a collection pool body and a controller. The inner side of the collection pool body is divided by partition wall I to form a sedimentation tank unit, an oil separator unit, an ecological pool unit and a clear water pool unit. The inner side of the clear water pool unit is divided by partition wall II to form a water collection area and a pipeline area. The left side wall of the main body of the collection tank is provided with inlet hole I and inlet hole II. Inlet pipe I is inserted into inlet hole I and inlet pipe II is inserted into inlet hole II. The sedimentation tank unit is connected to the outside of the main body of the collection tank through inlet pipe I. The water collection area of ​​the clear water tank unit is connected to the outside of the main body of the collection tank through inlet pipe II. The inlets of inlet pipe I and inlet pipe II are connected to the outlet of the runoff collection pipe through a two-position three-way solenoid valve. A water passage hole is provided on the partition wall I between the sedimentation tank unit and the oil separator unit. An S-shaped water bend is buried on the partition wall I between the oil separator unit and the ecological tank unit. The oil separator unit and the ecological tank unit are connected through the S-shaped water bend. The pipe areas of the ecological tank unit and the clear water tank unit are connected through a seepage drainage pipe. The right side wall of the main body of the collection tank is provided with water outlet I and water outlet II. A drain pipe is inserted into water outlet I. One end of the drain pipe is inserted into the partition wall II and extends into the water collection area of ​​the clear water tank unit. The other end of the drain pipe is connected to the outside of the main body of the collection tank through water outlet I. The middle part of the drain pipe is connected to the outlet of the seepage drainage pipe. A two-position two-way solenoid valve I and a two-position two-way solenoid valve II are installed on the drain pipe located in the pipe area of ​​the clear water tank unit. The two-position two-way solenoid valve I is located on the side closer to the partition wall II, and the two-position two-way solenoid valve II is located on the side closer to water outlet I. An overflow pipe is inserted into water outlet II. The ecological tank unit is connected to the outside of the main body of the collection tank through the overflow pipe. The controller is electrically connected to a two-position three-way solenoid valve, a two-position two-way solenoid valve I, and a two-position two-way solenoid valve II, respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, a water distribution trough is provided on the upper part of the inner side wall of the sedimentation tank unit, and the outlet of the water inlet pipe I is located in the water distribution trough. A drain hole is provided on the inner bottom wall of the water distribution trough.

[0012] Furthermore, a flow-rectifying wall is provided on the inner bottom wall of the sedimentation tank unit. The flow-rectifying wall includes several parallel wall sections, and several parallel inclined plates are fixed between adjacent wall sections and between the wall sections and the inner side wall of the sedimentation tank unit.

[0013] Furthermore, the angle between the inclined plate and the horizontal plane is 60°.

[0014] Furthermore, the wall and the inclined plate are fixed together by angle iron brackets.

[0015] Furthermore, the interior of the ecological pond unit is arranged from top to bottom as a vegetation layer, a loam layer, a sand layer, a perlite layer, and a vermiculite layer, with the inlet of the drainage pipe buried in the vermiculite layer.

[0016] Furthermore, a filter plate is provided inside the water passage hole.

[0017] Furthermore, ladders are provided on the inner walls of the water collection area of ​​the sedimentation tank unit, the oil separator unit, the clear water tank unit, and the pipe area of ​​the clear water tank unit.

[0018] Furthermore, a liquid level sensor is installed on the inner wall of the water collection area of ​​the clear water tank unit, and the liquid level sensor is electrically connected to the controller.

[0019] This invention provides a sponge-type bridge surface runoff collection pool with built-in purification function, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art: Firstly, it achieves multi-level synergistic deep purification, transforming pollutant transfer into removal. It integrates a three-stage purification chain of sedimentation rectification and inclined plate enhanced sedimentation, oil filtration and separation, and composite filter bed ecological adsorption. Through the triple synergy of physical interception, chemical adsorption and biodegradation, it efficiently removes pollutants such as suspended solids, petroleum, and heavy metals, ensuring stable and compliant effluent quality. This fundamentally solves the drawbacks of traditional processes that merely transfer pollutants and cause secondary pollution.

[0020] Secondly, it possesses the ability to precisely regulate water quality and quantity over time. Utilizing a two-position three-way solenoid valve and dual inlet pipelines, combined with intelligent level control, it achieves full collection and purification of high-concentration runoff in the initial stage, and automatic overflow and direct discharge of clean runoff in the middle and later stages. This solves the problems of ineffective facility occupation and energy waste caused by the traditional full collection and discharge model, significantly improving operational efficiency.

[0021] Third, an emergency isolation mechanism is established to eliminate major environmental safety hazards. An independent emergency passage is pre-set, allowing for rapid valve switching in the event of an accident to directly divert high-concentration toxic wastewater into a sealed, temporary clear water tank for storage, while simultaneously cutting off the connection to the ecological pond to prevent backflow pollution. This addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies—lacking emergency interception and isolation storage—without increasing land occupation.

[0022] Fourth, the compact layout and low-maintenance design offer strong economic efficiency and feasibility. Multi-level functional units are highly integrated into a single tank, making full use of the space under the bridge without requiring additional land acquisition. The sedimentation unit has strong resistance to shock loads, long filter media lifespan, and a pre-installed cleaning ladder within the tank. Daily maintenance only requires periodic sludge removal, significantly reducing the total lifespan maintenance cost. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is along Figure 1 A sectional view along line I-I.

[0025] Figure 3 It is along Figure 1 Sectional view of line II-II in the middle.

[0026] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the rectifier wall, inclined plate, and angle iron bracket in this invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Runoff collection pipe; 2. Main body of the collection tank; 3. Sedimentation tank unit; 4. Oil separator unit; 5. Ecological tank unit; 6. Clear water tank unit; 7. Inlet pipe I; 8. Inlet pipe II; 9. Two-position three-way solenoid valve; 10. Water passage hole; 11. S-shaped water bend; 12. Drainage pipe; 13. Drainage pipe; 14. Two-position two-way solenoid valve I; 15. Two-position two-way solenoid valve II; 16. Overflow pipe; 17. Water distribution trough; 18. Drainage passage hole; 19. Wall; 20. Inclined plate; 21. Angle iron bracket; 22. Vegetation layer; 23. Soil layer; 24. Sand layer; 25. Perlite layer; 26. Vermiculite layer; 27. Filter plate; 28. Ladder. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further explained and described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0029] A sponge-type bridge surface runoff collection pool with self-purification function, as shown in the attached image. Figure 1 ~Appendix Figure 3 As shown, the system includes a runoff collection pipe 1, a collection tank body 2, and a PLC controller. The collection tank body 2 is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure, internally divided by partition wall I into a sedimentation tank unit 3, an oil separator unit 4, an ecological tank unit 5, and a clear water tank unit 6, which are connected in sequence. The clear water tank unit 6 is further divided by partition wall II into a water collection area and a pipe area. The entire collection tank body 2 is located below the bridge's projected surface, utilizing the bridge structure to provide rain protection and prevent rainwater from directly falling into the collection tank body 2 during rainfall. The inlet of the runoff collection pipe 1 is connected to the bridge's drainage riser.

[0030] The left side wall of the main body 2 of the collection tank is provided with inlet hole I and inlet hole II. Inlet pipe I 7 is inserted into inlet hole I and inlet pipe II 8 is inserted into inlet hole II. The sedimentation tank unit 3 is connected to the outside of the main body 2 of the collection tank through inlet pipe I 7. The water collection area of ​​the clear water tank unit 6 is connected to the outside of the main body 2 of the collection tank through inlet pipe II 8. The inlets of inlet pipe I 7 and inlet pipe II 8 are connected to the outlet of the runoff collection pipe 1 through a two-position three-way solenoid valve 9. A water passage hole 10 is provided on the partition wall I between the sedimentation tank unit 3 and the oil separator unit 4. A filter plate 27 is installed in the water passage hole 10. An S-shaped water passage bend 11 is buried on the partition wall I between the oil separator unit 4 and the ecological tank unit 5. The oil separator unit 4 and the ecological tank unit 5 are connected through the S-shaped water passage bend 11. The pipe area between the ecological tank unit 5 and the clear water tank unit 6 is connected through a seepage drainage pipe 12.

[0031] The filter plate 27 can intercept large-scale floating objects and garbage such as leaves and styrofoam carried in the runoff. The S-shaped water bend 11 uses the principle of communicating vessels to forcibly draw water from the lower part of the oil separator unit 4. Since petroleum substances are less dense than water, they will naturally float and accumulate on the water surface. This structure effectively prevents surface oil from entering the ecological pond unit 5, achieving efficient physical oil-water separation without the need for external power.

[0032] The right side wall of the main body 2 of the collection pool is provided with an outlet hole I and an outlet hole II. An empty pipe 13 is inserted into the outlet hole I. One end of the empty pipe 13 is inserted into the partition wall II and extends into the water collection area of ​​the clear water pool unit 6. The other end of the empty pipe 13 is connected to the outside of the main body 2 of the collection pool through the outlet hole I. The middle part of the empty pipe 13 is connected to the outlet of the seepage drainage pipe 12. A two-position two-way solenoid valve I 14 and a two-position two-way solenoid valve II 15 are installed on the empty pipe 13 located in the pipe area of ​​the clear water pool unit 6. The two-position two-way solenoid valve I 14 is located on the side closer to the partition wall II, and the two-position two-way solenoid valve II 15 is located on the side closer to the outlet hole I. An overflow pipe 16 is inserted into the outlet hole II. The ecological pool unit 5 is connected to the outside of the main body 2 of the collection pool through the overflow pipe 16. The elevation of the inlet of the overflow pipe 16 is set at the highest designed water level of the ecological pool unit 5, and its outlet leads to the outside of the pool.

[0033] The PLC controller is electrically connected to the two-position three-way solenoid valve 9, the two-position two-way solenoid valve I14, and the two-position two-way solenoid valve II15, respectively.

[0034] A water distribution trough 17 is provided on the upper part of the inner wall of the sedimentation tank unit 3, and the outlet of the inlet pipe I7 is located in the water distribution trough 17. A drain hole 18 is provided on the inner bottom wall of the water distribution trough 17. A flow-rectifying wall is provided on the inner bottom wall of the sedimentation tank unit 3. The flow-rectifying wall includes several parallel wall sections 19. Several parallel inclined plates 20 are fixed between adjacent wall sections 19 and between the wall sections 19 and the inner wall of the sedimentation tank unit 3, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 4 As shown, the inclined plate 20 is made of polypropylene polymer material, and the angle between it and the horizontal plane is 60°. The wall 19 and the inclined plate 20 are fixedly connected by an angle iron bracket 21, which is treated with anti-corrosion.

[0035] In this invention, the drainage hole 18 effectively eliminates the kinetic energy of the incoming water, evenly distributing the water flow into the distribution tank 17 before it flows downwards to the bottom of the tank, preventing high-speed water flow from impacting the settled sludge at the bottom of the tank and causing secondary suspension. The flow straightening wall provides forced distribution and rectification of the rising water flow, ensuring uniform flow velocity distribution across the cross-section. The inclined plate 20 significantly increases the effective sedimentation area and substantially shortens the particle settling distance. This can improve the removal efficiency of microparticles (such as microplastics from tire wear) to 3-5 times that of conventional sedimentation tanks.

[0036] The ecological pond unit 5 is arranged from top to bottom as follows: a vegetation layer 22, a soil layer 23, a sand layer 24, a perlite layer 25, and a vermiculite layer 26. The filter media of each layer are graded and laid according to the principle of progressively increasing particle size from coarse to fine and increasing adsorption performance from physical interception to chemical exchange, forming a multi-level composite filter bed with clear functions. At the same time, during the operation of the ecological pond unit 5, the environmental microorganisms carried by the runoff and the indigenous microorganisms leached from the soil layer 23 will naturally accumulate on the surface of each filter media layer, forming a stable biofilm community. The vegetation layer 22 maintains the permeability of the filter bed through root penetration and forms an aerobic microzone through root oxygen secretion, providing favorable conditions for the microbial degradation of ammonia nitrogen and organic pollutants in the lower filter media. The loam layer 23 serves as the supporting layer for plant growth substrate and performs primary adsorption of heavy metal ions. The sand layer 24 is the core physical filtration layer, effectively intercepting fine particulate matter while improving hydraulic distribution and facilitating biofilm formation. The perlite layer 25 provides an ideal carrier for microbial attachment, forming an anoxic-anaerobic microenvironment to support denitrification. Under the combined action of the inlet / outlet water and the overflow pipe 16, the ecological pond unit 5 can naturally form a periodic saturated-unsaturated alternating flow pattern, further creating stable anoxic-anaerobic conditions within this layer, which helps to enhance the denitrification removal capacity of nitrate nitrogen pollutants in rainwater runoff. At the same time, the perlite layer 25 also performs physical adsorption and biodegradation of trace petroleum residues. The vermiculite layer 26 removes Pb from the runoff. 2+ Zn 2+ Cd 2+This composite filter bed achieves efficient selective adsorption and permanent fixation of heavy metal ions, while also serving as a stable drainage layer at the bottom of the filter bed. It is not simply a superposition of the functions of each layer, but rather a comprehensive and deep removal of suspended solids, heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, and nutrients through a triple synergistic purification chain of physical interception, physicochemical adsorption, and biodegradation. After treatment by this unit, the effluent quality can stably meet or exceed Class IV of the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB 3838-2002), offering multiple advantages such as runoff purification, ecological landscaping, and low maintenance.

[0037] The vegetation layer 22 is not limited to a specific species, but rather comprises perennial aquatic plants adapted to the local climate, with well-developed root systems and strong pollution tolerance, such as reeds or cattails. Utilizing the oxygen-secreting function of their roots, an aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic microenvironment is created around the rhizosphere. The inlet end of the drainage pipe 12 is buried within the bottom vermiculite layer 26. The drainage pipe 12 has micro-collecting pores on its wall and is wrapped with geotextile to prevent filter particles from entering and causing blockage.

[0038] Ladders 28 are provided on the inner walls of the water collection area and the pipe area of ​​the sedimentation tank unit 3, the oil separator unit 4, the clear water tank unit 6, and the clear water tank unit 6. The ladders 28 are made of stainless steel.

[0039] A liquid level sensor is installed on the inner wall of the water collection area of ​​the clear water tank unit 6, and the liquid level sensor is electrically connected to the PLC controller.

[0040] The working process of this sponge-type bridge deck runoff collection tank is as follows: (a) Normal operating conditions (initial rainwater treatment mode) Water inlet control: In the initial stage of rainfall, that is, in the first 30 minutes after the start of rain, the PLC controller controls the two-position three-way solenoid valve 9 to operate, so that the runoff collection pipe 1 is only connected to the water inlet pipe I7 and closed to the water inlet pipe II8; at the same time, it controls the two-position two-way solenoid valve I14 to open and the two-position two-way solenoid valve II15 to close.

[0041] Sedimentation and separation: The initial runoff on the bridge deck (design flow rate 131.91 L / s) flows sequentially through the bridge drainage riser, runoff collection pipe 1, and inlet pipe I7 into the distribution tank 17, and is evenly distributed through the drainage hole 18. The water flows from bottom to top through the flow straightening wall and inclined plate 20, and the suspended solids settle efficiently under the action of gravity and the inclined plate 20.

[0042] Oil separation filtration: After sedimentation in sedimentation tank unit 3, the runoff passes through water passage 10 and is secondarily intercepted by filter plate 27 before entering oil separator unit 4. In the oil separator, floating oil rises and accumulates, while the relatively clean water at the bottom is forced into ecological pond unit 5 through S-shaped water bend 11 driven by the water level difference.

[0043] Ecological purification and reuse: Runoff permeates from top to bottom through a multi-stage composite filter bed, undergoing physical, chemical, and biological triple purification. The purified runoff is collected through the infiltration pipe 12 and flows into the drain pipe 13. Due to the closure of the two-position two-way solenoid valve II 15, the purified runoff is guided and stored in the water collection area of ​​the clear water tank unit 6, realizing the utilization of rainwater resources.

[0044] Automatic discharge: When the water level in the collection area reaches the high limit set by the level sensor, the PLC controller automatically opens the two-position two-way solenoid valve II15 to discharge the excess purified runoff in compliance with standards.

[0045] (II) Mid-to-late stage rainfall patterns After 30 minutes of continuous rainfall, the pollutants on the bridge surface were basically washed away, and the water quality of the runoff improved significantly. At this time, the valve status remained unchanged (still under normal operating conditions). However, as the runoff in the initial 30 minutes was completely collected and purified, the clear water pool unit 6 gradually became full, and the water level of the ecological pool unit 5 continued to rise.

[0046] When the water level in ecological pond unit 5 reaches the elevation of the inlet of overflow pipe 16, the relatively clean rainwater in the middle and later stages no longer infiltrates into the filter bed, but directly overflows through overflow pipe 16 to the outside of the main body of collection pond 2, and is discharged into nearby natural water bodies or municipal rainwater systems. This process does not require valve switching and is entirely hydraulically controlled, minimizing system operating energy consumption.

[0047] Partial rainwater retention is permitted: After rainfall, a certain depth of water and sludge will remain at the bottom of sedimentation tank unit 3 and grease trap unit 4, and will not be forcibly drained. Staff will periodically enter the tanks via ladder 28 to clean the inclined plate 20 and the sludge at the bottom of the tanks using a high-pressure water gun. The cleaning cycle can be adjusted according to the rainfall frequency.

[0048] (III) Accident Circumstances (Hazardous Chemical Leakage Mode) In the event of a hazardous chemical spill on the bridge deck, the remote control PLC controller will reverse the direction of the 2-position 3-way solenoid valve 9, closing inlet pipe I7 and opening inlet pipe II8, allowing the wastewater to directly enter the collection area of ​​the clear water tank unit 6 for full storage. Simultaneously, the controller will close the 2-position 2-way solenoid valve I14, cutting off the connection between the ecological tank unit 5 and the clear water tank unit 6 to prevent backflow of high-concentration toxic wastewater and contamination of the ecological filter bed. The 2-position 2-way solenoid valve II15 will remain closed, ensuring the wastewater is temporarily stored in a sealed environment within the tank. The temporarily stored wastewater must not be directly discharged; it must be pumped out by professionals using a vacuum truck or submersible pump for harmless treatment. After treatment, the tank can be cleaned, and the system will be restored to standby mode.

[0049] In the specific implementation, the bridge deck width in this embodiment is 6.0m on one side, the bridge length is 937m, the catchment area is F=0.56hm², and the design storm intensity is q=261.717L / (s·hm²).2 Given a runoff coefficient Φ=0.90, the calculated design flow rate for runoff on one side of the bridge deck is Q=qΦF=131.91L / s. Based on the principle of collecting and purifying all runoff within the first 30 minutes of rainfall, the required effective volume of a single collection tank is V=Q×T=131.91L / s×1800s=237.44m³. 3 Two sponge-type bridge deck runoff collection pools are installed on each side of the bridge. Each pool measures 12.0m (length) × 6.0m (width) × 2.5m (effective water depth), with an effective volume of 180m³. 3 The total volume of the two pools is 360m³. 3 >237.44m 3 This meets the requirement for the complete collection of initial runoff.

[0050] Furthermore, in this embodiment, all through-wall pipes are pre-embedded with waterproof rigid sleeves at their junctions with the pool wall. The sleeves are filled with water-swellable rubber stop rings and sealed with waterproof sealant to ensure the entire pool is leak-free and prevent groundwater contamination. The drainage holes 18 have a diameter of 50mm and a spacing of 200mm. The total height of the flow-rectifying wall is 1.8m. The filter plate 27 is a 304 stainless steel filter grate with an 8mm aperture. The main body 2 of the collection pool is constructed of impermeable concrete.

[0051] This embodiment achieves differentiated treatment, resource utilization, and emergency prevention and control of bridge surface runoff within a limited space under the bridge through highly integrated structural design, multi-level collaborative purification mechanism, and intelligent hydraulic control, solving the problems of insufficient purification depth, poor adaptability, and difficult operation and maintenance of existing technologies.

[0052] It should be noted that the design rainfall intensity in the above embodiments is calculated and determined based on the local rainfall intensity formula of the implementation site. In actual engineering, the local current rainfall intensity formula and design return period can be selected for verification calculation according to the meteorological and hydrological conditions of the area where the bridge is located. The specific pool volume and geometric dimensions of this sponge-type bridge deck runoff collection pool are all determined with the core control objective of collecting and purifying the bridge deck runoff in the initial 30 minutes. The design flow rate Q = design rainfall intensity × runoff coefficient × catchment area and the effective volume V = Q × T (T = 1800s) are used to ensure the adaptability of the system to different regions and different bridge types.

[0053] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0054] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A sponge-type bridge surface runoff collection pool with self-purification function, characterized in that: It includes a runoff collection pipe (1), a collection pool body (2) and a controller. The inner side of the collection pool body (2) is divided by partition wall I to form a sedimentation tank unit (3), an oil separator unit (4), an ecological pool unit (5) and a clear water pool unit (6). The inner side of the clear water pool unit (6) is divided by partition wall II to form a water collection area and a pipeline area. The left side wall of the main body (2) of the collection tank is provided with inlet hole I and inlet hole II. Inlet pipe I (7) is inserted into inlet hole I and inlet pipe II (8) is inserted into inlet hole II. The sedimentation tank unit (3) is connected to the outside of the main body (2) of the collection tank through inlet pipe I (7). The water collection area of ​​the clear water tank unit (6) is connected to the outside of the main body (2) of the collection tank through inlet pipe II (8). The inlets of inlet pipe I (7) and inlet pipe II (8) are connected to the outside of the main body (2) through a two-position three-way solenoid valve (9). The outlet of the runoff collection pipe (1) is connected, and a water passage hole (10) is opened on the partition wall I between the sedimentation tank unit (3) and the oil separator unit (4). An S-shaped water bend pipe (11) is buried on the partition wall I between the oil separator unit (4) and the ecological pool unit (5). The oil separator unit (4) and the ecological pool unit (5) are connected through the S-shaped water bend pipe (11). The pipeline area between the ecological pool unit (5) and the clear water pool unit (6) is connected through the seepage drainage pipe (12). The right side wall of the main body (2) of the collection pool is provided with water outlet I and water outlet II. A drain pipe (13) is inserted in water outlet I. One end of the drain pipe (13) is inserted into the partition wall II and extends to the water collection area of ​​the clear water pool unit (6). The other end of the drain pipe (13) is connected to the outside of the main body (2) of the collection pool through water outlet I. The middle part of the drain pipe (13) is connected to the outlet of the seepage drainage pipe (12). A two-position two-way solenoid valve I (14) and a two-position two-way solenoid valve II (15) are installed on the drain pipe (13) located in the pipe area of ​​the clear water pool unit (6). The two-position two-way solenoid valve I (14) is located on the side close to the partition wall II. The two-position two-way solenoid valve II (15) is located on the side close to the water outlet I. An overflow pipe (16) is inserted in water outlet II. The ecological pool unit (5) is connected to the outside of the main body (2) of the collection pool through the overflow pipe (16). The controller is electrically connected to the two-position three-way solenoid valve (9), the two-position two-way solenoid valve I (14), and the two-position two-way solenoid valve II (15), respectively.

2. The sponge-type bridge surface runoff collection pool with self-purification function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sedimentation tank unit (3) has a water distribution trough (17) on the upper part of its inner side wall, and the outlet of the water inlet pipe I (7) is located in the water distribution trough (17). The bottom wall of the water distribution trough (17) is provided with a drain hole (18).

3. The sponge-type bridge surface runoff collection pool with self-purification function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sedimentation tank unit (3) has a flow-rectifying wall on its inner bottom wall. The flow-rectifying wall includes several parallel wall sections (19). Several parallel inclined plates (20) are fixed between adjacent wall sections (19) and between the wall section (19) and the inner side wall of the sedimentation tank unit (3).

4. A sponge-type bridge surface runoff collection pool with self-purification function according to claim 3, characterized in that: The angle between the inclined plate (20) and the horizontal plane is 60°.

5. A sponge-type bridge surface runoff collection pool with self-purification function according to claim 4, characterized in that: The wall (19) and the inclined plate (20) are fixed together by an angle iron bracket (21).

6. A sponge-type bridge surface runoff collection pool with self-purification function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the ecological pond unit (5) is arranged from top to bottom as a vegetation layer (22), a loam layer (23), a sand layer (24), a perlite layer (25), and a vermiculite layer (26), and the inlet of the drainage pipe (12) is buried in the vermiculite layer (26).

7. A sponge-type bridge surface runoff collection pool with self-purification function according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filter plate (27) is installed inside the water passage (10).

8. A sponge-type bridge surface runoff collection pool with self-purification function according to claim 1, characterized in that: Ladders (28) are provided on the inner walls of the water collection area and the pipe area of ​​the sedimentation tank unit (3), the oil separator unit (4), the clear water tank unit (6).

9. A sponge-type bridge surface runoff collection pool with self-purification function according to claim 1, characterized in that: A liquid level sensor is installed on the inner wall of the water collection area of ​​the clear water tank unit (6), and the liquid level sensor is electrically connected to the controller.

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