Construction method and system of foundation pit supporting structure based on BIM

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of foundation pit construction data processing, in particular to a construction method and system of a foundation pit supporting structure based on BIM, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a 3D multi-information-layer BIM model; screening construction modes; if the screening result of the construction modes is larger than one, the gradient of a construction shortcut in the foundation pit is determined according to soil structure parameters and construction equipment parameters for the single construction mode; dividing a construction period; determining shallow construction parameters and deep construction parameters; construction evaluation parameters of all the alternative construction modes are obtained, and the construction mode with the minimum construction evaluation parameter is selected to be determined as the final construction mode; and construction is conducted according to the shallow layer construction parameters and the deep layer construction parameters corresponding to the final construction mode. According to the method, for multiple construction modes, quantitative evaluation is carried out on the multiple pre-selected construction modes by calculating the construction evaluation parameters of all the construction modes, and cost waste or construction period delay caused by blind selection of the construction modes is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of foundation pit construction data processing, and more specifically, to a construction method and system for foundation pit support structures based on BIM. Background Technology

[0002] Building Information Modeling (BIM) originated in the 1970s. Initially, it was only used as a 3D model for easy observation. With the continuous development of computer technology, 3D modeling technology and engineering informatization, BIM technology has gradually evolved from a single visual 3D model to a comprehensive technology system that integrates information display, collaborative management, simulation analysis and other functions, and has gradually become the core support for the digital transformation of building engineering.

[0003] However, the application of BIM in the field of foundation pit construction has the following drawbacks: First, the selection of existing construction methods is often based on construction depth and soil type combined with experience, without taking soil mechanical parameters into account in the determination process. This can easily lead to cost waste due to inappropriate selection of construction methods or mismatch between support methods and site conditions. Second, traditional construction cycles lack clear standards, and the distinction between shallow and deep construction is also unclear, relying heavily on experience to allocate resources, which can easily lead to resource waste. Finally, existing 3D BIM is mostly used only for 3D modeling and collision detection of foundation pits, without integrating it with stages such as support method selection, construction access road slope, construction access road planning, and construction phase division. The visualization advantages are not fully utilized, and the construction process still suffers from a disconnect between modeling and construction.

[0004] Therefore, the existing technology has defects and urgently needs improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a BIM-based construction method and system for foundation pit support structures, addressing the following issues in existing technologies: First, the selection of existing construction methods is often based on construction depth and soil type combined with experience, without considering soil mechanical parameters, which can easily lead to cost waste due to inappropriate selection or mismatch between support methods and site conditions. Second, traditional construction cycles lack clear standards, and the distinction between shallow and deep construction lacks clear criteria, relying heavily on experience to allocate resources, easily resulting in resource waste. Finally, existing BIM is mostly used only for 3D modeling and collision detection of foundation pits, without integrating it with stages such as support method selection, construction access road slope, construction access road planning, and construction phase division. The visualization advantages are not fully utilized, and the construction process still suffers from a disconnect between modeling and construction.

[0006] This invention provides a construction method for a foundation pit support structure based on BIM, comprising: Step S1: Obtain construction parameters for the foundation pit area, and construct a 3D multi-information layer BIM model based on the construction parameters and BIM technology; the construction parameters include: soil structure parameters, hydrological information, environmental parameters, and construction equipment parameters. Step S2: Based on the soil structure parameters and the environmental parameters, the construction methods of the foundation pit support structure are screened. In response to the screening result of the construction method being greater than one, for a single construction method, the slope of the construction access road in the foundation pit is determined according to the soil structure parameters and the construction equipment parameters. Step S3: Based on the slope of the access road and the parameters of the construction equipment, the construction period is divided into two construction stages: shallow excavation and deep excavation. Step S4: Determine the shallow construction parameters and deep construction parameters based on the construction access road, material stacking location, construction equipment parameters, and the 3D multi-information layer BIM model. Step S5: Determine the cost of materials used in the foundation pit construction based on BIM, determine the daily cost of earthwork transportation based on the cost settlement method of construction equipment, calculate the construction evaluation parameters based on the daily cost of earthwork transportation, the daily earthwork excavation volume of shallow excavation and the daily earthwork excavation volume of deep excavation, repeat steps S3-S5 until the construction evaluation parameters of all alternative construction methods are obtained, and select the construction method with the smallest construction evaluation parameters as the final construction method. Step S6: Carry out construction according to the shallow construction parameters and deep construction parameters corresponding to the final construction method.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution for the construction method of BIM-based foundation pit support structures, the following is included: The soil structure parameters include: soil stratification information and soil physical properties; The hydrological information includes: groundwater level, groundwater flow direction, and water pressure; The environmental parameters include: parameters of surrounding buildings and parameters of the foundation pit; The parameters of the surrounding buildings include: the location of the buildings around the foundation pit, the foundation type, and the allowable settlement value; The parameters of the foundation pit include: the size of the foundation pit, the ground bearing capacity, and environmental protection requirements; The parameters of the construction equipment include: the working radius and loading speed of each existing excavator, the full load weight, maximum climbing angle and travel speed of each existing dump truck, the operating efficiency of the support construction equipment and the types of soil it is compatible with.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution for the construction method of foundation pit support structure based on BIM, the screening of construction methods for foundation pit support structure based on the soil structure parameters and the environmental parameters includes: The soil structure parameters and environmental parameters are compared with the preset standards for the construction methods of each foundation pit support structure. The construction methods that meet both the preset standards for soil structure parameters and environmental parameters are recorded as the pre-selected construction methods. If the pre-selected construction method is unique, it will be determined as the final construction method. If the pre-selected construction method is not unique, the slope of the construction access road in the foundation pit will be determined for a single construction method based on soil structure parameters and construction equipment parameters.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution for the construction method of BIM-based foundation pit support structure, the step of determining the slope of the construction access road within the foundation pit based on soil structure parameters and construction equipment parameters includes: Obtain the soil structure parameters and the construction equipment parameters, and calculate the maximum allowable climbing angle θ1 of the construction access road based on the soil structure parameters and the construction equipment parameters, combined with the soil mechanics anti-sliding balance principle. Obtain the maximum climbing angle θ2 of the dump truck in real-time construction equipment; The smaller of the maximum allowable climbing angle θ1 of the construction access road and the maximum climbing angle θ2 of the dump truck is selected as the slope θ of the construction access road in the foundation pit.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution for the construction method of BIM-based foundation pit support structure, the construction period is divided into two construction stages—shallow excavation and deep excavation—based on the slope of the construction access road and the parameters of the construction equipment, including: The route of the construction access road is determined based on the excavation depth and the slope of the access road, combined with the construction of a 3D multi-layer BIM model. The excavation depth of the foundation pit in the construction plan is traversed with a preset step size to obtain several excavation sub-depths. For a single excavation sub-depth, the first time for the dump truck to move from the bottom to the top of the foundation pit is determined according to the route of the construction access road and the parameters of the construction equipment. The second time required for the earthwork to be lifted from the bottom to the top of the foundation pit is calculated according to the lifting speed of the hoisting equipment. The first time and the second time corresponding to each of the excavation depths are compared. Excavation depths where the first time is greater than the second time are marked. The excavation depth with the largest unmarked depth is obtained and recorded as the boundary depth between shallow excavation and deep excavation.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution for the construction method of BIM-based foundation pit support structure, the shallow construction parameters include: daily shallow excavation volume, shallow construction cycle, and shallow earthwork excavation sequence. The deep construction parameters include: daily deep excavation volume, deep construction cycle, and deep earthwork excavation sequence.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution for the construction method of foundation pit support structure based on BIM, in step S5, determining the shallow construction parameters and deep construction parameters based on the construction access road, material stacking location, construction equipment parameters, and the 3D multi-information layer BIM model includes: S5011, combining the construction of a 3D multi-layer BIM model and the location of material stacking, determine the construction sequence of earthwork in the foundation pit and the route of the construction access road. S5012, determine the earthwork construction location for the first day according to the construction sequence, obtain the loading time of the dump truck and the first-level transportation time required for the round trip from the earthwork construction location to the earthwork dumping location on the first day, determine the first-level earthwork volume that can be transported based on the first-level transportation time, loading time, daily working hours and the number of dump trucks, repeat this step to calculate the earthwork volume that can be transported each day for the first n days, and record the sum of the earthwork volumes that can be transported for the first n days as the total first-level earthwork volume; the value of n is: determine that the earthwork transportation on the (n+1)th day needs to be completed with the help of the construction access road. S5013, in response to the need to use the construction access road, obtain the secondary first transportation time required for the dump truck to travel from the loading position in the foundation pit to the earth dumping position and back. Based on the secondary first transportation time, the loading time and the daily working hours, determine the amount of secondary first earth that the dump truck can transport on the first day. Repeat this step until the earth excavation of the shallow earth is completed, and obtain the time m required for this step. S5014, the sum of n and m is denoted as the shallow construction cycle x.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution for the construction method of BIM-based foundation pit support structures, deep construction parameters are determined based on the construction access road, material stacking location, construction equipment parameters, and the 3D multi-information layer BIM model, including: S5021, the deep earthwork excavation volume for deep construction is determined based on the construction of a 3D multi-information layer BIM model and the earthwork excavation volume of shallow earthwork. S5022, obtain the time required for the hoisting equipment to place the earthwork bucket from the edge of the foundation pit into the foundation pit until the earthwork bucket is full and then hoisted from the bottom of the foundation pit into the dump truck, and record it as the hoisting time; determine the daily deep excavation volume based on the hoisting time. S5023, the deep earthwork excavation sequence is determined based on the construction of a 3D multi-information layer BIM model, and the deep construction cycle y is determined based on the deep earthwork excavation volume and the deep daily excavation volume.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution for the construction method of foundation pit support structure based on BIM, the method involves determining the cost of materials used in foundation pit construction based on the construction of a 3D multi-layer BIM model, determining the daily cost of earthwork transportation based on the cost settlement method of construction equipment, and calculating construction evaluation parameters based on the daily cost of earthwork transportation, the daily earthwork excavation volume of shallow excavation, and the daily earthwork excavation volume of deep excavation. These parameters include: The sum of the shallow construction period x and the deep construction period y is denoted as the time required for earthwork construction of the foundation pit support structure α. The expected construction time γ of the foundation pit support structure is obtained, and the ratio of the time required for earthwork construction of the foundation pit support structure α to the expected construction time γ of the foundation pit support structure is denoted as the earthwork construction ratio β. The cost of construction equipment during the foundation pit construction process is determined based on the daily cost of earthwork transportation. The sum of the cost of materials used in foundation pit construction and the cost of construction equipment is recorded as the total cost η. Assign corresponding weight coefficients to the earthwork construction ratio β and the total cost η respectively, calculate the sum of the products of the earthwork construction ratio β and the total cost η with the corresponding weight coefficients, and record it as the construction evaluation parameter Q.

[0015] This invention also provides a BIM-based construction system for foundation pit support structures, comprising: The model building module acquires construction parameters for the foundation pit area and constructs a 3D multi-information layer BIM model based on these parameters and BIM technology. The construction parameters include: soil structure parameters, hydrological information, environmental parameters, and construction equipment parameters. The construction method screening module screens the construction methods of the foundation pit support structure based on the soil structure parameters and the environmental parameters. The slope calculation module, in response to a screening result of more than one for the construction method, determines the slope of the construction access road in the foundation pit based on soil structure parameters and construction equipment parameters for a single construction method. The phase division module divides the construction period into two construction phases: shallow excavation and deep excavation, based on the slope of the construction access road and the parameters of the construction equipment. The parameter determination module determines shallow and deep construction parameters based on the construction access road, material stacking location, construction equipment parameters, and the 3D multi-information layer BIM model. The calculation module determines the cost of materials used in the foundation pit construction based on BIM, determines the daily cost of earthwork transportation based on the cost settlement method of construction equipment, calculates construction evaluation parameters based on the daily cost of earthwork transportation, the daily earthwork excavation volume of shallow excavation and the daily earthwork excavation volume of deep excavation, obtains the construction evaluation parameters of all alternative construction methods, and selects the construction method with the smallest construction evaluation parameters as the final construction method. The construction module performs construction based on the shallow and deep construction parameters corresponding to the final construction method.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are that it obtains construction parameters and constructs a 3D multi-information layer BIM model based on the construction parameters, and selects construction methods through construction parameters to obtain construction methods that meet the actual situation. For multiple construction methods, it quantitatively evaluates multiple pre-selected construction methods by calculating the construction evaluation parameters of each construction method, thereby avoiding cost waste or construction delays caused by blindly selecting construction methods. Furthermore, the actual construction process of the foundation pit involves the following steps: First, dump trucks enter the foundation pit, and excavators load the soil into the dump trucks. The dump trucks then transport the soil to a designated dumping location. As excavation continues, access roads are needed to transport the dump trucks to the bottom of the foundation pit for filling. As the depth of the foundation pit increases, the distance of the access roads becomes longer. The time and cost of using the access roads to reach the bottom of the foundation pit are greater than the time and cost of using hoisting equipment to lift soil from the bottom to the edge of the pit for filling. This changes the method of earthwork construction. Therefore, this invention, based on this change in construction method, divides the construction cycle into two stages: shallow excavation and deep excavation, based on the slope of the access roads and the parameters of the construction equipment. This allows for the targeted determination of construction parameters for each stage, increasing the efficiency of resource allocation (manpower, equipment, and materials), avoiding waste or inefficiency caused by resource mismatch, and ultimately increasing construction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart of the construction method for the foundation pit support structure based on BIM provided by the present invention is shown; Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural block diagram of the construction system for foundation pit support structure based on BIM provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0019] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] like Figure 1As shown, this invention discloses a construction method for a foundation pit support structure based on BIM, comprising: Step S1: Obtain construction parameters for the foundation pit area, and construct a 3D multi-information layer BIM model based on the construction parameters and BIM technology; the construction parameters include: soil structure parameters, hydrological information, environmental parameters, and construction equipment parameters. Step S2: Based on soil structure parameters and environmental parameters, the construction methods of the foundation pit support structure are screened. In response to the screening result of the construction method being greater than one, for a single construction method, the slope of the construction access road in the foundation pit is determined according to the soil structure parameters and construction equipment parameters. Step S3: Based on the slope of the access road and the parameters of the construction equipment, the construction period is divided into two stages: shallow excavation and deep excavation. Step S4: Determine shallow construction parameters and deep construction parameters based on the construction access road, material stacking location, construction equipment parameters, and the construction of a 3D multi-information layer BIM model. Step S5: Determine the cost of materials used in the foundation pit construction based on BIM, determine the daily cost of earthwork transportation based on the cost settlement method of construction equipment, calculate the construction evaluation parameters based on the daily cost of earthwork transportation, the daily earthwork excavation volume of shallow excavation and the daily earthwork excavation volume of deep excavation, repeat steps S3-S5 until the construction evaluation parameters of all alternative construction methods are obtained, and select the construction method with the smallest construction evaluation parameters as the final construction method. Step S6: Carry out the construction according to the shallow construction parameters and deep construction parameters corresponding to the final construction method.

[0021] Furthermore, soil structure parameters include: soil stratification information and soil physical properties; Hydrological information includes: groundwater level, groundwater flow direction, and water pressure; Environmental parameters include: surrounding building parameters and foundation pit parameters; surrounding building parameters include: the location of buildings around the foundation pit, foundation type, and allowable settlement values; foundation pit parameters include: the dimensions of the foundation pit, ground bearing capacity, and environmental protection requirements. Construction equipment parameters include: the working radius and loading speed of existing excavators, the full load weight, maximum climbing angle and travel speed of existing dump trucks, the operating efficiency of support construction equipment and the types of soil they are suitable for.

[0022] It should be noted that in this embodiment of the invention, soil structure parameters are obtained through methods such as geological borehole sampling and static cone penetration tests to acquire soil stratification information and soil physical properties. Hydrological information is obtained through groundwater level monitoring wells and water pressure sensors. Environmental parameters are obtained through laser scanning and pipeline detectors to acquire parameters of surrounding buildings and foundation pits. Construction equipment parameters are obtained through equipment ledger registration and on-site measurements. In the actual rental process of construction equipment, the rental methods for different equipment and different manufacturers vary. For example, the settlement methods for dump truck rentals include: settlement by earthwork volume, settlement by day, and other methods. Therefore, the daily cost of earthwork transportation needs to be calculated based on the specific settlement method of the construction equipment. The calculation process involves simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations, which will not be elaborated here.

[0023] In detail, embodiments of the present invention provide a process for constructing a 3D multi-information-layer BIM model, including: Obtain soil structure parameters, hydrological information, environmental parameters, and construction equipment parameters; The above construction parameters were imported using Revit software to construct a 3D multi-layer BIM model comprising four information layers: soil hydrology layer, site environment layer, construction equipment layer, and support structure pre-set layer. The soil water-stable layer needs to be labeled with the layer boundaries and physical properties of silty clay; the site environment layer needs to be labeled with the location coordinates of surrounding buildings, foundation types, and allowable settlement values; the construction equipment layer needs to import 3D models of equipment such as excavators and dump trucks and bind the corresponding parameters of each construction equipment; the support structure preset layer has built-in parametric foundation models for each construction method. By inputting the construction method, the corresponding parametric foundation model is called, and by inputting the actual construction parameters, the corresponding 3D multi-information layer BIM model is generated.

[0024] Furthermore, this invention obtains construction parameters and constructs a 3D multi-information layer BIM model based on these parameters. It then filters construction methods using these parameters to obtain construction methods that meet the actual situation. For multiple construction methods, it quantitatively evaluates the multiple pre-selected construction methods by calculating the construction evaluation parameters of each method, thereby avoiding cost waste or project delays caused by blindly selecting construction methods. Furthermore, the actual construction process of the foundation pit involves the following steps: First, dump trucks enter the foundation pit, and excavators load the soil into the dump trucks. The dump trucks then transport the soil to a designated dumping location. As excavation continues, access roads are needed to transport the dump trucks to the bottom of the foundation pit for filling. As the depth of the foundation pit increases, the distance of the access roads becomes longer. The time and cost of using the access roads to reach the bottom of the foundation pit are greater than the time and cost of using hoisting equipment to lift soil from the bottom to the edge of the pit for filling. This changes the method of earthwork construction. Therefore, this invention, based on this change in construction method, divides the construction cycle into two stages: shallow excavation and deep excavation, based on the slope of the access roads and the parameters of the construction equipment. This allows for the targeted determination of construction parameters for each stage, increasing the efficiency of resource allocation (manpower, equipment, and materials), avoiding waste or inefficiency caused by resource mismatch, and ultimately increasing construction efficiency.

[0025] In detail, the construction methods for the foundation pit support structure were screened based on soil structure parameters and environmental parameters, including: The soil structure parameters and environmental parameters are compared with the preset standards for the construction methods of each foundation pit support structure. The construction methods that meet the preset standards for both soil structure parameters and environmental parameters are recorded as the pre-selected construction methods. If the pre-selected construction method is unique, it will be determined as the final construction method. If the pre-selected construction method is not unique, the slope of the construction access road in the foundation pit will be determined for a single construction method based on soil structure parameters and construction equipment parameters.

[0026] It should be noted that the construction methods for foundation pit support structures include soil nailing walls, pile support, diaphragm walls, and gravity cement-soil walls, etc. Each construction method has its suitable soil structure parameters and environmental parameters. The preset standards are the soil structure parameters and environmental parameters for each construction method. This invention provides preset standards for soil nailing walls, pile support, diaphragm walls, and gravity cement-soil walls, including: The pre-set standards for soil nailing walls are: soil type is silty clay or silt; internal friction angle is greater than or equal to 20°; cohesion is greater than or equal to 10 kPa; excavation depth is less than or equal to 10 m; allowable settlement of surrounding buildings is less than or equal to 20 mm; and construction site width is greater than or equal to 10 m. The pre-set standards for pile support are as follows: soil type is silty clay, sand, or silty clay with sand; internal friction angle is greater than or equal to 15°; cohesion is greater than or equal to 5 kPa; excavation depth is less than or equal to 15 m; allowable settlement of surrounding buildings is less than or equal to 10 mm; construction site width is greater than or equal to 6 m; construction noise is less than or equal to 75 dB. The diaphragm wall is suitable for all types of soil, with an excavation depth of less than or equal to 30m; the allowable settlement of surrounding buildings is less than or equal to 5mm; the width of the construction site is greater than or equal to 8m; and the construction noise requirement is less than or equal to 70dB. The pre-set standards for gravity-type cement-soil walls are: soil type is soft soil or silty soil; internal friction angle is less than or equal to 15°; cohesion is less than or equal to 10 kPa; excavation depth is less than or equal to 8 m; allowable settlement of surrounding buildings is less than or equal to 25 mm; and construction site width is greater than or equal to 12 m.

[0027] Furthermore, this invention compares soil structure parameters and environmental parameters with the aforementioned preset standards for the construction methods of each foundation pit support structure, thereby selecting the corresponding construction method. This avoids the mismatch between the construction method and the actual situation caused by relying on experience or habitual thinking during the selection process of traditional construction methods, ensuring that the selected scheme is well adapted to the actual situation, thereby ensuring construction efficiency.

[0028] Furthermore, the slope of the construction access road within the foundation pit is determined based on soil structure parameters and construction equipment parameters, including: Obtain soil structure parameters and construction equipment parameters, and calculate the maximum allowable climbing angle θ1 of the construction access road based on the soil structure parameters and construction equipment parameters, combined with the soil mechanics anti-sliding equilibrium principle. Obtain the maximum climbing angle θ2 of the dump truck in real-time construction equipment; The smaller of the maximum allowable climbing angle θ1 of the construction access road and the maximum climbing angle θ2 of the dump truck is selected as the slope θ of the construction access road in the foundation pit.

[0029] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the invention, the maximum allowable climbing angle θ1 of the construction access road is calculated using the following formula, based on the soil mechanics anti-sliding equilibrium principle: ; In the formula: The maximum permissible climbing angle for the construction access road, in degrees; The internal friction angle of the soil is expressed in °. Soil cohesion, measured in kilopascals (kPa). This represents the weight of a dump truck when fully loaded, expressed in N (N). This refers to the ground contact area of ​​the dump truck, in meters (m²). 2 .

[0030] The maximum climbing angle θ2 of the dump truck is obtained from the construction equipment ledger.

[0031] Furthermore, by calculating the slope θ of the construction access road within the foundation pit, this invention avoids the reliance on experience to determine the slope value of traditional construction access roads, thereby ensuring that the slope of the construction access road meets the actual usage requirements during the construction process, preventing accidents such as slippage and overturning of dump trucks during earthwork transportation, and increasing the safety of earthwork transportation.

[0032] Furthermore, based on the slope of the access road and the parameters of the construction equipment, the construction period is divided into two stages: shallow excavation and deep excavation, including: The route of the construction access road is determined by constructing a 3D multi-layer BIM model based on the excavation depth and the slope of the access road. The excavation depth of the foundation pit in the construction plan is traversed with a preset step size to obtain several excavation sub-depths. For a single excavation sub-depth, the first time for the dump truck to move from the bottom to the top of the foundation pit is determined according to the route of the construction access road and the parameters of the construction equipment. The second time required for the earthwork to be lifted from the bottom to the top of the foundation pit is calculated according to the lifting speed of the hoisting equipment. The first time and the second time corresponding to each excavation depth are compared. Excavation depths where the first time is greater than the second time are marked. The excavation depth with the largest unmarked depth is obtained and recorded as the boundary depth between shallow excavation and deep excavation.

[0033] It should be noted that the preset step size is selected by computer. In this embodiment of the invention, the preset step size is 0.5m. Since the slope θ of the construction access road has been determined, the construction access road is determined by combining the setting conditions of the construction access road and constructing a 3D multi-layer BIM model. In this embodiment of the invention, the setting conditions of the construction access road include at least the following: the construction access road must cover the excavation area and not intrude into the area reserved for direct structural construction; the construction equipment should not collide with underground pipelines or the foundations of surrounding buildings during operation; the construction access road should be as close as possible to the construction area; the entrance and exit should be as close as possible to the material storage point and the earthwork dumping location. The values ​​of the first time and the second time are selected according to the specific situation of each construction equipment. In this embodiment of the invention, each construction equipment collects three times, calculates the average value, and records it as the first time or the second time of that construction equipment.

[0034] In detail, the present invention traverses the excavation depth by preset step size, and determines the boundary depth between shallow excavation and deep excavation by combining the first time and the second time. In this way, based on the changes in construction methods during actual construction, it avoids the low construction efficiency caused by using dump trucks for earthwork transportation in the deep area of ​​the foundation pit or the waste of resources caused by using hoisting equipment in the shallow area, thereby improving the construction efficiency in the earthwork construction process.

[0035] Furthermore, the shallow construction parameters include: daily shallow excavation volume, shallow construction cycle, and shallow earthwork excavation sequence. The parameters for deep construction include: daily deep excavation volume, deep construction cycle, and deep earthwork excavation sequence.

[0036] Further, in step S5, shallow construction parameters and deep construction parameters are determined based on the construction access road, material stacking location, construction equipment parameters, and the constructed 3D multi-layer BIM model, including: S5011, combining the construction of a 3D multi-layer BIM model and the location of material stacking, determines the construction sequence of earthwork in the foundation pit and the route of the construction access road; the shallow earthwork excavation sequence is simulated based on the construction of a 3D multi-layer BIM model to obtain the stress changes of the foundation pit sidewall under different excavation sequences, and the excavation sequence with uniform stress distribution is selected first to reduce the risk of foundation pit collapse. S5012, determine the earthwork construction location for the first day according to the construction sequence, obtain the loading time of the dump truck, and calculate the first-level transportation time required for the round trip from the earthwork construction location to the earthwork dumping location on the first day. Based on the first-level transportation time, loading time, daily working hours, and the number of dump trucks, determine the first-level earthwork volume that can be transported on the first day. Repeat this step to calculate the earthwork volume that can be transported each day for the first n days, and record the sum of the earthwork volumes that can be transported for the first n days as the total first-level earthwork volume; the value of n is: determine that the earthwork transportation on the (n+1)th day needs to be completed with the help of the construction access road. S5013, in response to the need to use the construction access road, obtain the secondary first transportation time required for the dump truck to travel from the loading position in the foundation pit to the earth dumping position and back. Based on the secondary first transportation time, loading time and daily working hours, determine the amount of secondary first earth that the dump truck can transport on the first day. Repeat this step until the earth excavation of the shallow earth is completed, and obtain the time m required for this step. S5014, the sum of n and m is denoted as the shallow construction period x.

[0037] It should be noted that loading time refers to the time required for a dump truck to go from empty to fully loaded. In practice, the average time required for each dump truck to go from empty to fully loaded on the first day was collected and recorded as the loading time. Daily working hours refer to the daily construction hours during the foundation pit construction process. Travel speed refers to the speed of the dump truck while traveling within the foundation pit. In practice, after the earthwork construction location for the first day was determined, the travel speed of the dump trucks from the construction site entrance to the earthwork construction location for the first day was collected, and the average travel speed was taken as the dump truck's travel speed within the foundation pit. Level 1 indicates earthwork transportation without the need for a construction access road. Level 1 First represents the first day when earthwork transportation is carried out directly without a construction access road, and so on, with the second to nth days represented by Level 1 Second to Level 1 Nth, respectively. Level 2 indicates earthwork transportation requiring a construction access road. Level 2 First represents the first day when earthwork transportation requires a construction access road, and so on, with the second to mth days represented by Level 2 Second to Level 2 Mth, respectively. The round-trip time of the dump truck from the construction site entrance to the earthwork construction location can be calculated based on the driving speed and distance. Therefore, the Level 1 First transportation time is the sum of the round-trip time from the earthwork dumping location to the construction site entrance, the round-trip time from the construction site entrance to the earthwork construction location on the first day, and the loading time. After determining the Level 1 First transportation time of the dump truck, the number of loading times for the dump truck can be determined based on the daily working hours. Combining the number of dump trucks and the earthwork volume at full load each time, the amount of Level 1 First earthwork that can be transported on the first day can be calculated. After the first day of construction is completed, the construction location for the second day is determined according to the construction sequence. The primary and secondary transportation time corresponding to the construction location on the second day is the sum of the round-trip time from the earth dumping location to the construction site entrance, the round-trip time of the dump truck from the construction site entrance to the earth dumping location on the second day, and the loading time. Once the primary and secondary transportation time of the dump trucks is determined, the number of loading times for the dump trucks can be determined based on the daily working hours. Combining the number of dump trucks and the earth volume at full load each time, the amount of primary and secondary earth that can be transported on the second day can be calculated. This process is repeated for the following n days to calculate the amount of earth that can be transported.

[0038] Furthermore, after determining the route of the construction access road using BIM, the distance the dump truck travels from the construction site entrance to the earthwork construction location can be determined. Combined with the travel speed, the round-trip time required for the dump truck to travel from the loading location inside the pit to the edge of the pit can be determined. In response to the need to use the construction access road, the secondary first-level transportation time is the sum of the round-trip time from the earthwork dumping location to the construction site entrance, the round-trip time via the construction access road to the earthwork construction location, and the loading time. For the first day using the construction access road, the secondary first-level transportation time is calculated. Based on the daily working hours, the number of times the dump truck loads can be determined. Combining the number of dump trucks and the volume of earthwork transported at full load each time, the volume of secondary first-level earthwork that can be transported on the first day using the construction access road can be calculated. By repeating this step, the daily earthwork volume can be calculated. Based on the BIM model, the total earthwork volume for the shallow construction stage is determined. Subtracting the primary total earthwork volume determined in step S5011, the secondary total earthwork volume to be transported in step S5013 can be determined. Based on the above description, the daily earthwork volume can be calculated. Therefore, the time m required to complete the transportation of the secondary total earthwork volume can also be determined. The sum of m and n is the shallow construction cycle x.

[0039] In detail, in the initial stage of shallow excavation, dump trucks do not require construction access roads; the excavator can directly load the soil into the dump trucks for soil transportation. As the depth of the foundation pit increases, construction access roads are required to transport the dump trucks to the bottom of the foundation pit, thereby achieving soil transportation. The time required for the two processes is different. This invention calculates the transportation time and volume in segments for the two stages: the stage without construction access roads and the stage with construction access roads. This allows the shallow construction cycle calculation to closely reflect the actual situation and provides an accurate basis for foundation pit construction planning.

[0040] Furthermore, based on the construction access roads, material storage locations, construction equipment parameters, and the construction of a 3D multi-layer BIM model, in-depth construction parameters are determined, including: S5021. Based on the construction of a 3D multi-layer BIM model and the earthwork excavation volume of shallow earthwork, the deep earthwork excavation volume and deep earthwork excavation sequence for deep construction are determined. The deep earthwork excavation sequence is simulated based on the construction of a 3D multi-layer BIM model to obtain the stress changes of the foundation pit sidewall under different excavation sequences. The excavation sequence with uniform stress distribution is selected first to reduce the risk of foundation pit collapse. S5022, Obtain the time required for the hoisting equipment to place the earthwork bucket from the edge of the foundation pit into the foundation pit until the earthwork bucket is full and then lifted from the bottom of the foundation pit into the dump truck, and record this as the hoisting time. Determine the daily deep excavation volume based on the hoisting time. S5023, based on the construction of a 3D multi-information layer BIM model, the deep earthwork excavation sequence is determined, and the deep construction cycle y is determined according to the deep earthwork excavation volume and the deep daily excavation volume.

[0041] It should be noted that the hoisting time gradually increases with the increase of the excavation depth of the foundation pit, and the amount of soil that can be hoisted up each day gradually decreases. The hoisting time is adjusted daily based on the BIM model and the parameters of the hoisting equipment. Based on the adjusted hoisting time, the daily working hours, and the amount of soil hoisted each time, the amount of soil that can be hoisted up each day (i.e., the daily deep excavation volume in this embodiment of the invention) can be calculated. The daily deep excavation volumes are accumulated until the sum is greater than or equal to the deep soil excavation volume, thereby determining the deep construction cycle y.

[0042] In detail, based on the construction of a 3D multi-information layer BIM model, the total earthwork excavation volume can be determined. After the shallow earthwork excavation volume is determined, the difference between the two is the earthwork excavation volume during deep construction. This invention determines the daily excavation volume of deep construction by quantifying the hoisting time, thereby calculating the deep construction cycle. The determination of deep construction parameters can increase the safety of deep construction while accurately estimating the deep construction cycle, thus facilitating the subsequent time planning of foundation pit construction.

[0043] Furthermore, based on BIM, the cost of materials used in the foundation pit construction is determined; based on the cost settlement method for construction equipment, the daily cost of earthwork transportation is determined; and based on the daily cost of earthwork transportation, the daily earthwork excavation volume for shallow excavation, and the daily earthwork excavation volume for deep excavation, construction evaluation parameters are calculated, including: The sum of the shallow construction period x and the deep construction period y is denoted as the time required for earthwork construction of the foundation pit support structure α. The expected construction time γ of the foundation pit support structure is obtained. The ratio of the time required for earthwork construction of the foundation pit support structure α to the expected construction time γ of the foundation pit support structure is denoted as the earthwork construction ratio β. The cost of construction equipment during the foundation pit construction process is determined based on the daily cost of earthwork transportation. The sum of the cost of materials used in foundation pit construction and the cost of construction equipment is recorded as the total cost η. Assign corresponding weight coefficients to the earthwork construction ratio β and the total cost η respectively, calculate the sum of the products of the earthwork construction ratio β and the total cost η with the corresponding weight coefficients, and record it as the construction evaluation parameter Q.

[0044] It should be noted that the cost of materials used in foundation pit construction is determined based on the quality and purchase price of various materials used in the construction. Those skilled in the art will understand that the quantity of each material used in the BIM model is determinable. The process of calculating the cost of materials used in foundation pit construction based on BIM is existing technology and will not be elaborated upon here. In implementation, since the value of the earthwork construction proportion β is between 0 and 1, and the value of the total cost η is much greater than 1, it is necessary to normalize the total cost η to ensure it is also between 0 and 1. The weighting coefficients corresponding to the earthwork construction proportion β and the total cost η are configured according to the system. In this embodiment, the weighting coefficient of the earthwork construction proportion β is 0.6, the weighting coefficient of the total cost η is 0.4, and the calculation formula for the construction evaluation parameter Q is: Construction evaluation parameter Q = 0.6 × earthwork construction proportion β + total cost η × 0.4.

[0045] Furthermore, earthwork transportation is only one step in the construction process of the foundation pit support structure. The longer the time required, the less time is left for the remaining steps of the foundation pit support structure construction. That is, the higher the proportion of earthwork construction β, the less time is left for the remaining steps, and the lower the error tolerance in the construction process of the foundation pit support structure. The cost of the foundation pit support structure construction process includes: the cost of materials required for the foundation pit support structure itself, and the cost of construction equipment (including labor costs). For the same foundation pit, due to the different materials and methods used in each construction method, the cost of materials required for the foundation pit support structure itself and the cost of construction equipment during construction are different. The project cost is an important part that cannot be ignored in the actual construction process. Therefore, this embodiment of the invention calculates the proportion of earthwork construction β and the total cost η, and calculates the construction evaluation parameter Q based on the proportion of earthwork construction β and the total cost η. This gives each construction method clear evaluation parameters, allowing for the ranking of the suitability of each construction method based on the evaluation parameters, thereby selecting the best construction method and making the construction method more in line with reality.

[0046] Please see Figure 2 As shown, it is a structural block diagram of a BIM-based foundation pit support structure construction system according to an embodiment of the present invention, including: The model building module acquires construction parameters for the foundation pit area and constructs a 3D multi-layer BIM model based on these parameters and BIM technology. The construction parameters include: soil structure parameters, hydrological information, environmental parameters, and construction equipment parameters. The construction method screening module filters the construction methods of the foundation pit support structure based on soil structure parameters and environmental parameters; The slope calculation module, in response to a screening result of more than one for the construction method, determines the slope of the construction access road in the foundation pit based on soil structure parameters and construction equipment parameters for a single construction method. The phase division module divides the construction cycle into two phases: shallow excavation and deep excavation, based on the slope of the construction access road and the parameters of the construction equipment. The parameter determination module determines shallow and deep construction parameters based on the construction access road, material stacking location, construction equipment parameters, and the construction of a 3D multi-information layer BIM model. The calculation module determines the cost of materials used in the foundation pit construction based on BIM, determines the daily cost of earthwork transportation based on the cost settlement method of construction equipment, calculates construction evaluation parameters based on the daily cost of earthwork transportation, the daily earthwork excavation volume of shallow excavation and the daily earthwork excavation volume of deep excavation, obtains the construction evaluation parameters of all alternative construction methods, and selects the construction method with the smallest construction evaluation parameters as the final construction method. The construction module performs construction based on the shallow and deep construction parameters corresponding to the final construction method.

[0047] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as: multiple units or components can be combined, or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the various components shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0048] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units. They may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0049] In addition, in the various embodiments of the present invention, each functional unit can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can be a separate unit, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit; the integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.

[0050] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it performs the steps of the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as mobile storage devices, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0051] Alternatively, if the integrated units of this invention are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention, or the parts that contribute to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as mobile storage devices, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

Claims

1. A construction method for a foundation pit support structure based on BIM, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Obtain construction parameters for the foundation pit area, and construct a 3D multi-information layer BIM model based on the construction parameters and BIM technology; the construction parameters include: soil structure parameters, hydrological information, environmental parameters, and construction equipment parameters. Step S2: Based on the soil structure parameters and the environmental parameters, the construction methods of the foundation pit support structure are screened. In response to the screening result of the construction method being greater than one, for a single construction method, the slope of the construction access road in the foundation pit is determined according to the soil structure parameters and the construction equipment parameters. Step S3: Based on the slope of the access road and the parameters of the construction equipment, the construction period is divided into two construction stages: shallow excavation and deep excavation. Step S4: Determine the shallow construction parameters and deep construction parameters based on the construction access road, material stacking location, construction equipment parameters, and the 3D multi-information layer BIM model. Step S5: Determine the cost of materials used in the foundation pit construction based on the 3D multi-information layer BIM model, determine the daily cost of earthwork transportation based on the cost settlement method of construction equipment, calculate the construction evaluation parameters based on the daily cost of earthwork transportation, the daily earthwork excavation volume of shallow excavation and the daily earthwork excavation volume of deep excavation, repeat steps S3-S5 until the construction evaluation parameters of all alternative construction methods are obtained, and select the construction method with the smallest construction evaluation parameters as the final construction method. Step S6: Carry out construction according to the shallow construction parameters and deep construction parameters corresponding to the final construction method.

2. The construction method for foundation pit support structure based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, in: The soil structure parameters include: soil stratification information and soil physical properties; The hydrological information includes: groundwater level, groundwater flow direction, and water pressure; The environmental parameters include: parameters of surrounding buildings and parameters of the foundation pit; The parameters of the surrounding buildings include: the location of the buildings around the foundation pit, the foundation type, and the allowable settlement value; The parameters of the foundation pit include: the size of the foundation pit, the ground bearing capacity, and environmental protection requirements; The parameters of the construction equipment include: the working radius and loading speed of each existing excavator, the full load weight, maximum climbing angle and travel speed of each existing dump truck, the operating efficiency of the support construction equipment and the types of soil it is compatible with.

3. The construction method for foundation pit support structure based on BIM according to claim 2, characterized in that, The selection of construction methods for foundation pit support structures based on the soil structure parameters and environmental parameters includes: The soil structure parameters and environmental parameters are compared with the preset standards for the construction methods of each foundation pit support structure. The construction methods that meet both the preset standards for soil structure parameters and environmental parameters are recorded as the pre-selected construction methods. If the pre-selected construction method is unique, it will be determined as the final construction method. If the pre-selected construction method is not unique, the slope of the construction access road in the foundation pit will be determined for a single construction method based on soil structure parameters and construction equipment parameters.

4. The construction method for foundation pit support structure based on BIM according to claim 3, characterized in that, Determining the slope of the construction access road within the foundation pit based on soil structure parameters and construction equipment parameters includes: Obtain the soil structure parameters and the construction equipment parameters, and calculate the maximum allowable climbing angle θ1 of the construction access road based on the soil structure parameters and the construction equipment parameters, combined with the soil mechanics anti-sliding balance principle. Obtain the maximum climbing angle θ2 of the dump truck in real-time construction equipment; The smaller of the maximum allowable climbing angle θ1 of the construction access road and the maximum climbing angle θ2 of the dump truck is selected as the slope θ of the construction access road in the foundation pit.

5. The construction method for a BIM-based foundation pit support structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The construction period is divided into two stages—shallow excavation and deep excavation—based on the slope of the access road and the parameters of the construction equipment, including: The route of the construction access road is determined based on the excavation depth and the slope of the access road, combined with the construction of a 3D multi-layer BIM model. The excavation depth of the foundation pit in the construction plan is traversed with a preset step size to obtain several excavation sub-depths. For a single excavation sub-depth, the first time for the dump truck to move from the bottom to the top of the foundation pit is determined according to the route of the construction access road and the parameters of the construction equipment. The second time required for the earthwork to be lifted from the bottom to the top of the foundation pit is calculated according to the lifting speed of the hoisting equipment. The first time and the second time corresponding to each of the excavation depths are compared. Excavation depths where the first time is greater than the second time are marked. The excavation depth with the largest unmarked depth is obtained and recorded as the boundary depth between shallow excavation and deep excavation.

6. The construction method for a BIM-based foundation pit support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shallow construction parameters include: daily shallow excavation volume, shallow construction cycle, and shallow earthwork excavation sequence. The deep construction parameters include: daily deep excavation volume, deep construction cycle, and deep earthwork excavation sequence.

7. The construction method for foundation pit support structure based on BIM according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S5, determining the shallow and deep construction parameters based on the construction access road, material storage location, construction equipment parameters, and the 3D multi-layer BIM model includes: S5011, combining the construction of a 3D multi-layer BIM model and the location of material stacking, determine the construction sequence of earthwork in the foundation pit and the route of the construction access road. S5012, determine the earthwork construction location for the first day according to the construction sequence, obtain the loading time of the dump truck and the first-level transportation time required for the round trip from the earthwork construction location to the earthwork dumping location on the first day, determine the first-level earthwork volume that can be transported based on the first-level transportation time, loading time, daily working hours and the number of dump trucks, repeat this step to calculate the earthwork volume that can be transported each day for the first n days, and record the sum of the earthwork volumes that can be transported for the first n days as the total first-level earthwork volume; the value of n is: determine that the earthwork transportation on the (n+1)th day needs to be completed with the help of the construction access road. S5013, in response to the need to use the construction access road, obtain the secondary first transportation time required for the dump truck to travel from the loading position in the foundation pit to the earth dumping position and back. Based on the secondary first transportation time, the loading time and the daily working hours, determine the amount of secondary first earth that the dump truck can transport on the first day. Repeat this step until the earth excavation of the shallow earth is completed, and obtain the time m required for this step. S5014, the sum of n and m is denoted as the shallow construction cycle x.

8. The construction method for a BIM-based foundation pit support structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, Based on the construction access road, material storage location, construction equipment parameters, and the aforementioned 3D multi-layer BIM model, the deep construction parameters are determined, including: S5021, the deep earthwork excavation volume for deep construction is determined based on the construction of a 3D multi-information layer BIM model and the earthwork excavation volume of shallow earthwork. S5022, obtain the time required for the hoisting equipment to place the earthwork bucket from the edge of the foundation pit into the foundation pit until the earthwork bucket is full and then hoisted from the bottom of the foundation pit into the dump truck, and record it as the hoisting time; determine the daily deep excavation volume based on the hoisting time. S5023, the deep earthwork excavation sequence is determined based on the construction of a 3D multi-information layer BIM model, and the deep construction cycle y is determined based on the deep earthwork excavation volume and the deep daily excavation volume.

9. The construction method for a BIM-based foundation pit support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method involves determining the material cost for foundation pit construction based on a 3D multi-layer BIM model, determining the daily cost of earthwork transportation based on the cost settlement method for construction equipment, and calculating construction evaluation parameters based on the daily cost of earthwork transportation, the daily earthwork excavation volume for shallow excavation, and the daily earthwork excavation volume for deep excavation. These parameters include: The sum of the shallow construction period x and the deep construction period y is denoted as the time required for earthwork construction of the foundation pit support structure α. The expected construction time γ of the foundation pit support structure is obtained, and the ratio of the time required for earthwork construction of the foundation pit support structure α to the expected construction time γ of the foundation pit support structure is denoted as the earthwork construction ratio β. The cost of construction equipment during the foundation pit construction process is determined based on the daily cost of earthwork transportation. The sum of the cost of materials used in foundation pit construction and the cost of construction equipment is recorded as the total cost η. Assign corresponding weight coefficients to the earthwork construction ratio β and the total cost η respectively, calculate the sum of the products of the earthwork construction ratio β and the total cost η with the corresponding weight coefficients, and record it as the construction evaluation parameter Q.

10. A BIM-based construction system for foundation pit support structures, used to implement the BIM-based construction method for foundation pit support structures as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: The model building module acquires construction parameters for the foundation pit area and constructs a 3D multi-information layer BIM model based on these parameters and BIM technology. The construction parameters include: soil structure parameters, hydrological information, environmental parameters, and construction equipment parameters. The construction method screening module screens the construction methods of the foundation pit support structure based on the soil structure parameters and the environmental parameters. The slope calculation module, in response to a screening result of more than one for a construction method, determines the slope of the construction access road in the foundation pit based on soil structure parameters and construction equipment parameters for a single construction method. The phase division module divides the construction period into two construction phases: shallow excavation and deep excavation, based on the slope of the construction access road and the parameters of the construction equipment. The parameter determination module determines shallow and deep construction parameters based on the construction access road, material stacking location, construction equipment parameters, and the 3D multi-information layer BIM model. The calculation module determines the cost of materials used in the foundation pit construction based on BIM, determines the daily cost of earthwork transportation based on the cost settlement method of construction equipment, calculates construction evaluation parameters based on the daily cost of earthwork transportation, the daily earthwork excavation volume of shallow excavation and the daily earthwork excavation volume of deep excavation, obtains the construction evaluation parameters of all alternative construction methods, and selects the construction method with the smallest construction evaluation parameters as the final construction method. The construction module performs construction based on the shallow and deep construction parameters corresponding to the final construction method.

Images