Drilling equipment for geological exploration

Abstract

The invention discloses drilling equipment for geological exploration. The drilling equipment comprises a supporting frame, a lifting assembly, a drilling structure, a stabilizing structure, an auxiliary drilling structure, a blocking sensing unit and a control unit. The lifting assembly comprises a stand column and a bearing plate. The bearing plate moves up and down along a stand column sliding groove through a sliding plate. The drilling structure comprises a drill rod and a drill bit; the upper end of the drill rod is connected with the bearing plate; the stabilizing structure comprises a fixing ring arranged on the drill rod in a sleeving mode and a fixing frame connected with the stand column. The auxiliary drilling structure is arranged at the drill bit and comprises an auxiliary drill bit, a telescopic driving piece, an impact generating piece, an impact rod, a variable-amplitude energy storage device and a high-pressure water spraying hole. The blocking sensing unit monitors drilling resistance in real time, when the drilling resistance exceeds a preset threshold value, the control unit controls the auxiliary drilling structure to be started, the auxiliary drill bit stretches out and applies high-frequency impact, and meanwhile the high-pressure water spraying hole sprays water flow to assist breaking. By means of the method, the drilling blocking condition can be intelligently sensed, auxiliary drilling can be automatically started, the penetrating capacity and exploration efficiency of a hard rock stratum are remarkably improved, meanwhile, the main drill bit is effectively protected, and the service life of equipment is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological exploration equipment technology, and more specifically to a drilling device for geological exploration. Background Technology

[0002] In geological exploration, drilling equipment is a crucial tool for obtaining underground core samples. Existing drill bit structures perform well when facing homogeneous formations of moderate hardness. However, in actual exploration, the formation structure is complex and varied, often encountering localized hard rock interlayers, gravel layers, or dense strata. When the drill bit enters these areas, drilling resistance often increases sharply, resulting in a "no-drill" phenomenon. Traditional solutions typically involve pulling the drill string and replacing it with a harder drill bit or using slow grinding, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, severely impacting exploration efficiency, but also prone to drill bit jamming, accelerated wear, or even breakage. Although some reaming or anti-jamming drill bits exist for specific rock formations, they lack real-time sensing capabilities of the drilling status and active drilling assistance methods, and cannot adaptively adjust when encountering sudden resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a drilling device for geological exploration to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a drilling equipment for geological exploration, including a support frame and a lifting assembly and a drilling structure disposed on the support frame, and further including: a stabilizing structure disposed on the drilling structure for maintaining the stability of the drilling structure during drilling; an auxiliary drilling structure disposed at the drill bit of the drilling structure, the auxiliary drilling structure including an auxiliary drill bit, a telescopic drive component, an impact generator, an impact rod, a variable amplitude energy storage device, and a high-pressure water jet; an obstruction sensing unit for real-time sensing of the resistance parameters encountered by the drill bit during drilling, and generating a trigger signal when the resistance parameters exceed a preset threshold; and a control unit connected to the obstruction sensing unit and the auxiliary drilling structure respectively, for receiving the trigger signal and controlling the start of the auxiliary drilling structure to assist the main drill bit in passing through obstructed strata.

[0005] Preferably, the lifting assembly includes two columns and a support plate. The inner sides of the two columns are provided with sliding grooves. The support plate is located between the two columns, and sliding plates are connected to both sides of the support plate. The sliding plates are embedded in the sliding grooves and can move up and down along the sliding grooves, thereby driving the support plate to rise and fall.

[0006] Preferably, the drilling structure includes a drill rod and a drill bit, with the upper end of the drill rod connected to a support plate and the drill bit disposed at the lower end of the drill rod.

[0007] Preferably, the stabilizing structure includes a fixing ring and a fixing frame. The fixing ring is sleeved on the drill rod, and the fixing frame is connected to both sides of the fixing ring. The end of the fixing frame away from the fixing ring is fixedly connected to the column.

[0008] Preferably, the auxiliary drilling structure is located inside or on the side of the drill bit, and the auxiliary drill bit is mounted on the drill bit via a telescopic drive, having a retracted state and an extended working state; the impact generator is connected to the auxiliary drill bit via an impact rod; the amplitude accumulator is connected between the impact generator and the impact rod to adjust the amplitude of the impact energy; and the high-pressure water jet is located near the auxiliary drill bit and is connected to a high-pressure water source.

[0009] Preferably, the variable amplitude energy storage device is an energy storage device with an adjustable elastic element or hydraulic chamber inside. The control unit adjusts the stiffness and preload of the variable amplitude energy storage device in real time according to the resistance parameters fed back by the resistance sensing unit, so as to change the peak impact force.

[0010] Preferably, the high-pressure water jet is directed toward the front end of the cutting teeth of the auxiliary drill bit, and a solenoid valve controlled by a control unit is provided on the high-pressure water line.

[0011] Preferably, the resistance sensing unit includes a torque sensor disposed on the drill rod drive shaft and / or a pressure sensor disposed in the drill bit housing.

[0012] Preferably, the control unit includes a programmable logic controller (PLC) with multiple sets of resistance parameter thresholds set according to different rock strata characteristics.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are: High level of intelligence: The drilling status is monitored in real time through the obstruction sensing unit, which realizes automatic identification and response to complex strata, eliminating the need for frequent manual judgment and operation.

[0014] Strong penetration capability: When encountering hard strata, it can automatically activate the auxiliary drilling structure, and significantly improve the drill bit's penetration capability into complex strata such as hard rock interlayers and gravel layers through various methods such as auxiliary drill bit extension, high frequency impact, variable amplitude energy storage and high pressure water jet.

[0015] Protects the drill bit and extends its lifespan: It avoids problems such as tooth breakage and fracture caused by forced drilling under overload of the main drill bit. By distributing the load through auxiliary mechanisms, it effectively protects the main drill bit and extends its service life.

[0016] Improved exploration efficiency: Reduced the frequency of drill bit pulling and changing due to drill bit jamming, ensuring the continuity of the drilling process and significantly improving the operational efficiency of geological exploration. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 - A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling structure provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary drilling structure provided by the present invention.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Support frame; 21-Column; 211-Slide groove; 22-Bearing plate; 23-Sliding plate; 31-Drill rod; 32-Drill bit; 41-Fixing ring; 42-Fixing frame; 5-Auxiliary drilling structure; 51-Auxiliary drill bit; 52-Telescopic drive component; 53-Impact generator; 54-Impact rod; 55-Variable amplitude accumulator; 56-High pressure water jet hole; 7-Modible cover plate. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1: The following will combine Figures 1-3 The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0024] This embodiment provides a drilling equipment for geological exploration, which mainly includes a support frame 1, a lifting assembly, a drilling structure, a stabilizing structure, an auxiliary drilling structure 5, an obstruction sensing unit, and a control unit.

[0025] The support frame 1 serves as the base of the entire equipment and is fixed to the ground or drilling platform. The lifting assembly includes two vertically arranged columns 21 and a support plate 22. The two columns 21 are fixed to the support frame 1, and the inner side of each column 21 has a sliding groove 211 along its length. The support plate 22 is horizontally positioned between the two columns 21, and sliding plates 23 are fixedly connected to both sides of the plate. The sliding plates 23 are embedded in the corresponding sliding grooves 211 and can slide up and down along the grooves 211. The lifting of the support plate 22 is driven by a drive device (such as a hydraulic cylinder or a lead screw motor, not shown in the figure) to achieve the feeding of the drilling structure.

[0026] The drilling structure includes a drill rod 31 and a drill bit 32. The upper end of the drill rod 31 is connected to a support plate 22 and is driven to rotate by a rotary drive device (such as a hydraulic motor). The drill bit 32 is mounted on the lower end of the drill rod 31 and is used to break rocks.

[0027] A stabilizing structure is used to prevent the drill pipe 31 from swaying during drilling. It includes a retaining ring 41 and two retaining brackets 42. The retaining ring 41 is fitted onto the drill pipe 31 with a clearance fit, allowing the drill pipe 31 to rotate and move axially. One end of each of the two retaining brackets 42 is fixedly connected to both sides of the retaining ring 41, and the other end is fixedly connected to the corresponding column 21. In this way, the drill pipe 31 is constrained by the retaining ring 41 when moving up and down, maintaining vertical stability.

[0028] The auxiliary drilling structure 5 is the core improvement of this invention; it is integrated inside the drill bit 32. For example... Figure 2 As shown, one or more cavities are provided in the side wall of the drill bit 32, and an auxiliary drill bit 51, a telescopic drive component 52, an impact generator 53, an impact rod 54, an amplitude storage device 55, and a high-pressure water jet hole 56 are installed in the cavity.

[0029] The auxiliary drill bit 51 is telescopically mounted at the opening of the cavity. The telescopic drive 52 is preferably a miniature hydraulic cylinder or an electric actuator, with its cylinder body fixed inside the cavity and its piston rod connected to the auxiliary drill bit 51, used to drive the auxiliary drill bit 51 to extend or retract. In the non-working state, the auxiliary drill bit 51 is completely retracted into the cavity, and an elastic seal is provided at the opening to prevent rock cuttings from entering.

[0030] The impact generator 53, installed at the rear of the cavity, can be an electromagnetic or hydraulic impactor, used to generate high-frequency impact force. One end of the impact rod 54 is connected to the output end of the impact generator 53, and the other end contacts or connects to the tail of the auxiliary drill bit 51. An amplitude accumulator 55 is connected between the impact generator 53 and the impact rod 54. It contains an adjustable elastic element (such as a disc spring assembly) or a hydraulic chamber. By changing the stiffness and preload of the accumulator, the amplitude of the impact energy transmitted to the auxiliary drill bit 51 can be adjusted. When encountering extremely hard rock formations, the control unit can increase the stiffness of the accumulator, significantly increasing the peak impact force and achieving "focused impact."

[0031] The high-pressure water jet 56 is located near the root of the auxiliary drill bit 51, with its jet direction directed towards the cutting teeth of the auxiliary drill bit 51. The high-pressure water jet 56 is connected to the center hole (i.e., the high-pressure water source) of the drill rod 31 through an internal fluid channel, on which a solenoid valve controlled by a control unit is installed. When the solenoid valve is opened, high-pressure water is ejected from the water jet, which on the one hand uses the water wedge action to assist in breaking the rock, and on the other hand cools the auxiliary drill bit and washes away the rock cuttings.

[0032] The resistance sensing unit includes a torque sensor and a pressure sensor (both prior art, not labeled in the figure). The torque sensor is mounted on the drive shaft of drill pipe 31 to detect the torque of the drill pipe in real time; the pressure sensor is mounted on the housing of drill bit 32 to detect the axial pressure on the drill bit. The signals from these sensors are transmitted to the control unit in real time.

[0033] The control unit (not shown in the figure) includes a programmable logic controller (PLC), which is installed in a safe position on the equipment. The PLC has multiple preset resistance parameter thresholds corresponding to different rock formation characteristics. When the received torque or pressure value exceeds the preset threshold, the PLC determines that the drill bit is obstructed and then sends a trigger signal to start the auxiliary drilling structure 5.

[0034] The specific work process is as follows: During normal drilling, the auxiliary drill bit 51 retracts, and the impact generator 53 and high-pressure water are in the off state.

[0035] When drill bit 32 encounters hard rock, causing a sudden increase in torque or pressure, the obstruction sensing unit detects that the signal exceeds the limit, and the PLC issues a command.

[0036] The PLC first controls the extension drive 52 to extend, pushing the auxiliary drill bit 51 out of the side wall of the drill bit 32 so that it contacts the rock.

[0037] Subsequently, the PLC starts the impact generator 53 and adjusts it to a suitable impact energy through the variable amplitude energy storage device 55 to apply high-frequency impact to the auxiliary drill bit 51.

[0038] At the same time, the PLC opens the solenoid valve, and high-pressure water is sprayed out from the high-pressure water jet hole 56 to assist in crushing and chip removal.

[0039] With the combined action of auxiliary drill bit 51 and main drill bit 32, the hard rock layer was gradually broken up, and the drilling rig continued to feed.

[0040] When the resistance sensing unit detects that the resistance has dropped to the normal range, the PLC sequentially shuts off the high-pressure water, stops the impact, and retracts the auxiliary drill bit 51, and the equipment resumes normal drilling mode.

[0041] The control unit not only triggers auxiliary drilling based on a single torque or pressure threshold, but also introduces multi-parameter fusion judgment and adaptive adjustment algorithms.

[0042] The PLC incorporates a database of various rock formation characteristics, including optimal drilling parameter combinations (such as impact frequency, impact energy, high-pressure water flow rate, and auxiliary drill bit extension) corresponding to parameters like rock hardness, plasticity index, and abrasiveness. During drilling, the resistance sensing unit not only monitors torque and pressure but also identifies the current rock formation type in real time by analyzing the fluctuation characteristics of torque and pressure (e.g., determining whether it is hard rock or gravel based on the fluctuation frequency). When encountering increased resistance, the PLC automatically calls upon the corresponding optimal parameters based on the identified rock formation type to provide refined control of the auxiliary drilling structure 5.

[0043] For example, for extremely hard and brittle rock formations, the PLC increases the stiffness of the variable amplitude energy storage device 55, outputting high-energy, low-frequency impacts; for soft plastic formations, it reduces impact energy and increases high-pressure water flow, primarily relying on hydraulic erosion. This intelligent adaptive control further improves the equipment's adaptability to different complex formations and drilling efficiency.

[0044] The control unit not only triggers auxiliary drilling based on a single torque or pressure threshold, but also introduces multi-parameter fusion judgment and adaptive adjustment algorithms.

[0045] The PLC incorporates a database of various rock formation characteristics, including optimal drilling parameter combinations (such as impact frequency, impact energy, high-pressure water flow rate, and auxiliary drill bit extension) corresponding to parameters like rock hardness, plasticity index, and abrasiveness. During drilling, the resistance sensing unit not only monitors torque and pressure but also identifies the current rock formation type in real time by analyzing the fluctuation characteristics of torque and pressure (e.g., determining whether it is hard rock or gravel based on the fluctuation frequency). When encountering increased resistance, the PLC automatically calls upon the corresponding optimal parameters based on the identified rock formation type to provide refined control of the auxiliary drilling structure 5.

[0046] For example, for extremely hard and brittle rock formations, the PLC increases the stiffness of the variable amplitude energy storage device 55, outputting high-energy, low-frequency impacts; for soft plastic formations, it reduces impact energy and increases high-pressure water flow, primarily relying on hydraulic erosion. This intelligent adaptive control further improves the equipment's adaptability to different complex formations and drilling efficiency.

[0047] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A drilling device for geological exploration, comprising a support frame (1) and a lifting assembly and a drilling structure disposed on the support frame (1), characterized in that, Also includes: A stabilizing structure is provided on the borehole structure to maintain the stability of the borehole structure during drilling. An auxiliary drilling structure (5) is provided at the drill bit (32) of the drilling structure. The auxiliary drilling structure (5) includes an auxiliary drill bit (51), a telescopic drive (52), an impact generator (53), an impact rod (54), a variable amplitude energy storage device (55), and a high-pressure water jet hole (56). The resistance sensing unit is used to sense the resistance parameters encountered by the drill bit during drilling in real time, and to generate a trigger signal when the resistance parameters exceed a preset threshold. The control unit is connected to the obstruction sensing unit and the auxiliary drilling structure (5) respectively. It is used to receive the trigger signal and control the auxiliary drilling structure (5) to start so as to assist the main drill bit to pass through the obstructed formation.

2. The drilling equipment for geological exploration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting assembly includes two columns (21) and a support plate (22). The inner sides of the two columns (21) are provided with sliding grooves (211). The support plate (22) is located between the two columns (21), and sliding plates (23) are connected to both sides of the support plate (22). The sliding plates (23) are embedded in the sliding grooves (211) and can move up and down along the sliding grooves (211), thereby driving the support plate (22) to rise and fall.

3. The drilling equipment for geological exploration as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The drilling structure includes a drill rod (31) and a drill bit (32). The upper end of the drill rod (31) is connected to the bearing plate (22), and the drill bit (32) is located at the lower end of the drill rod (31).

4. The drilling equipment for geological exploration as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The stabilizing structure includes a fixing ring (41) and a fixing frame (42). The fixing ring (41) is sleeved on the drill rod (31), and the fixing frame (42) is connected to both sides of the fixing ring (41). The end of the fixing frame (42) away from the fixing ring (41) is fixedly connected to the column (21).

5. A drilling device for geological exploration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary drilling structure (5) is located inside or on the side of the drill bit (32). The auxiliary drill bit (51) is mounted on the drill bit (32) via a telescopic drive (52) and has a retracted state and an extended working state. The impact generator (53) is connected to the auxiliary drill bit (51) via an impact rod (54). The variable amplitude energy storage device (55) is connected between the impact generator (53) and the impact rod (54) to adjust the amplitude of the impact energy. The high-pressure water jet hole (56) is located near the auxiliary drill bit (51) and is connected to a high-pressure water source.

6. A drilling device for geological exploration as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The variable amplitude energy storage device (55) is an energy storage device with an adjustable elastic element or hydraulic chamber inside. The control unit adjusts the stiffness and preload of the variable amplitude energy storage device (55) in real time according to the resistance parameters fed back by the resistance sensing unit, so as to change the peak impact force.

7. A drilling device for geological exploration as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The high-pressure water jet (56) is directed toward the front end of the cutting teeth of the auxiliary drill bit (51), and a solenoid valve controlled by the control unit is provided on the high-pressure water line.

8. A drilling device for geological exploration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The obstruction sensing unit includes a torque sensor mounted on the drive shaft of the drill pipe (31) and / or a pressure sensor mounted inside the housing of the drill bit (32).

9. A drilling device for geological exploration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit includes a programmable logic controller (PLC) with multiple sets of resistance parameter thresholds set according to different rock strata characteristics.

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