Heat exchanger structure optimization method

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat exchanger structure optimization method which comprises the following steps: determining to-be-selected structure parameters based on a heat exchanger structure parameter range; multi-round aircraft environment control simulation is carried out, the mass of a heat exchanger and the simulated heat exchange amount are determined, and the flight oil consumption rate and the simulated environment control temperature are calculated for each round of environment control simulation according to the mass of the heat exchanger, the simulated heat exchange amount and aircraft structure parameters. And performing environmental control performance index evaluation based on the flight oil consumption rate, the simulated environmental control temperature and the simulated heat exchange amount. And determining a target structure parameter based on the plurality of environmental control performance indexes obtained through iteration. According to the technical scheme, comprehensive design optimization starting from the overall performance of the aircraft is achieved, the overall influence of the hardware quality of the heat exchanger on the environmental control process and flight fuel consumption is fully considered, the actual optimization effect and practicability after parameter optimization of the heat exchanger are improved, and the optimal balance of weight, heat management and flight energy consumption is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of environmental control technology, and in particular relates to a method for optimizing the structure of a heat exchanger. Background Technology

[0002] In the aviation industry, heat exchangers are crucial components of aircraft environmental control systems, primarily responsible for regulating cabin and equipment compartment temperatures to ensure flight safety and passenger comfort. The performance of heat exchangers directly impacts the efficiency and reliability of the overall flight facility environmental control system, making them an indispensable part of aviation thermal management.

[0003] Currently, the design and optimization methods for heat exchangers in flight environmental control systems have certain limitations. Existing optimization strategies, when analyzing heat exchange performance, mainly rely on abstract parameters such as heat exchange area and flow cross-section, resulting in weak optimization effects. Furthermore, the optimized parameters do not allow the environmental control system to fully utilize flight resources. Traditional optimization work often focuses on optimizing and adjusting individual heat exchanger components, failing to guarantee the optimization effect of the overall environmental control system. These problems lead to serious defects in existing heat exchanger design and optimization methods, making the optimization effects insignificant and impractical for actual flight processes, increasing additional power consumption and wasting resources.

[0004] Therefore, how to optimize and adjust heat exchangers in a more practical and effective way is an important problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a heat exchanger structure optimization method, which can effectively optimize the heat exchanger structure parameters, reduce flight energy consumption and improve heat exchange performance during actual flight environmental control.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for optimizing a heat exchanger structure, including: Based on the preset range of heat exchanger structural parameters, determine the possible structural parameters; Based on the candidate structural parameters and the preset environmental control simulation parameters, multiple rounds of aircraft environmental control simulation are conducted to determine the heat exchanger mass and simulated heat transfer of the heat exchanger simulation model corresponding to the candidate structural parameters in each round of environmental control simulation. For each round of environmental control simulation, the flight fuel consumption rate for that round is determined based on the heat exchanger mass and aircraft structural parameters, and the simulated environmental control temperature for that round is determined based on the simulated heat exchange. Based on flight fuel consumption rate, simulated environmental control temperature, and simulated heat exchange, the environmental control performance index for this round is determined, and the candidate structural parameters for this round are optimized according to the environmental control performance index to obtain the candidate structural parameters for the next round. Based on multiple environmental control performance indicators and preset optimization termination conditions, the target structural parameters are determined.

[0007] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a heat exchanger structure optimization device, comprising: The parameter determination module is used to determine the parameters of the candidate structure based on a preset range of heat exchanger structural parameters. The environmental control simulation module is used to perform multiple rounds of environmental control simulation of the aircraft based on the candidate structural parameters and preset environmental control simulation parameters, and to determine the heat exchanger mass and simulated heat transfer of the heat exchanger simulation model corresponding to the candidate structural parameters in each round of environmental control simulation. The data determination module is used to determine the flight fuel consumption rate for each round of environmental control simulation based on the heat exchanger mass and aircraft structural parameters, and to determine the simulated environmental control temperature for each round based on the simulated heat exchange. The index determination module is used to determine the environmental control performance index for this round based on flight fuel consumption rate, simulated environmental control temperature and simulated heat exchange, and to optimize the candidate structural parameters for this round based on the environmental control performance index to obtain the candidate structural parameters for the next round. The parameter selection module is used to determine the target structural parameters based on multiple environmental control performance indicators and preset optimization termination conditions.

[0008] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a program or instructions stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the program or instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the steps of any heat exchanger structure optimization method of embodiments of this application.

[0009] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a readable storage medium on which a program or instructions are stored. When the program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the steps of any heat exchanger structure optimization method of embodiments of this application.

[0010] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product in which instructions, when executed by a processor of an electronic device, enable the electronic device to perform the steps of any heat exchanger structure optimization method according to embodiments of this application.

[0011] The heat exchanger structure optimization method provided in this application includes: First, determining candidate structural parameters based on a preset range of heat exchanger structural parameters. Further, based on the candidate structural parameters and preset environmental control simulation parameters, multiple rounds of aircraft environmental control simulation can be performed. For each round of environmental control simulation, the heat exchanger mass and simulated heat transfer of the heat exchanger simulation model corresponding to the candidate structural parameters can be determined. In this application embodiment, heat exchanger mass is introduced into the environmental control simulation process, fully considering the overall impact of heat exchanger hardware mass on the environmental control process and flight fuel consumption.

[0012] Then, for each round of environmental control simulation, the flight fuel consumption rate and simulated environmental control temperature are calculated based on the heat exchanger mass, simulated heat transfer, and aircraft structural parameters. Environmental control performance indicators are evaluated based on these indicators, and the selected structural parameters are further optimized. Finally, based on the multiple environmental control performance indicators obtained through iteration, the target structural parameters for the optimal solution of the heat exchanger parameters are determined. By comprehensively simulating and calculating the entire flight control process, the overall flight performance is considered and optimized, improving the actual optimization effect and practicality of the optimized heat exchanger parameters.

[0013] The technical solution provided in this application achieves a comprehensive design based on the overall performance of the aircraft by iteratively optimizing the heat exchanger structural parameters in conjunction with environmental control system simulation and overall aircraft fuel consumption. During the optimization process, this application simultaneously balances the weight effect and heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger, ensuring that the final determined heat exchanger structure meets environmental control and temperature control requirements while effectively reducing its impact on aircraft fuel consumption. This achieves an optimal balance between weight, thermal management, and flight energy consumption at the system level. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a heat exchanger structure optimization method provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the model structure of a heat exchanger simulation model provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating heat exchange simulation of a heat exchanger simulation model provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure for determining data from different heat exchanger simulation models, as provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a heat exchanger structure optimization method according to one embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat exchanger structure optimization device provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a terminal device provided in yet another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of this application will be described in detail below. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only intended to explain this application and not to limit it. For those skilled in the art, this application can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely to provide a better understanding of this application by illustrating examples.

[0023] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0024] In the aviation industry, heat exchangers are key components of aircraft environmental control systems. Their core functions include regulating the temperature of the cabin and equipment compartments to ensure flight safety and maintain passenger comfort. The performance of the heat exchanger directly determines the efficiency and reliability of the entire environmental control system, making it a crucial link in the aircraft's thermal management system.

[0025] Currently, there are still significant shortcomings in the design and optimization methods for heat exchangers within aircraft environmental control systems. Most existing methods, when analyzing heat exchange performance, mainly rely on highly simplified parameters such as heat exchange area and flow cross-section, failing to effectively correlate the specific physical structure of the heat exchanger with its own mass, and the impact of the heat exchanger hardware mass on aircraft fuel consumption. This results in limited actual optimization effectiveness.

[0026] Furthermore, conventional heat exchanger optimization processes typically improve the performance of individual heat exchanger components in isolation, aiming to achieve optimal heat exchange efficiency under independent operating conditions. However, an aircraft environmental control system is a complex system with multiple tightly coupled components. Optimizing the performance of a single component does not guarantee optimal overall system performance and may even lead to matching conflicts. These limitations make it difficult for existing heat exchanger design and optimization methods to achieve significant overall performance improvements under actual flight conditions, potentially leading to increased overall energy consumption and resource waste in the environmental control system, thus affecting the normal execution of flight missions.

[0027] To address the aforementioned technical issues, embodiments of this application provide a heat exchanger structure optimization method, comprising: determining multiple candidate structural parameters based on a preset range of heat exchanger structural parameters; and performing multiple rounds of aircraft environmental control simulation based on the candidate structural parameters and preset environmental control simulation parameters. Specifically, for each round of environmental control simulation, the heat exchanger mass and simulated heat transfer of the heat exchanger simulation model corresponding to the candidate structural parameters can be determined.

[0028] Then, for each round of environmental control simulation, the flight fuel consumption rate and simulated environmental control temperature can be calculated based on the heat exchanger mass, simulated heat transfer, and aircraft structural parameters for that round. Further, based on the flight fuel consumption rate, simulated environmental control temperature, and simulated heat transfer, environmental control performance indicators can be evaluated for each round of simulation. Based on these performance indicators, the selected structural parameters can be optimized. Based on the multiple environmental control performance indicators obtained through iteration, the optimal solution for the heat exchanger structural parameters can be determined as the target structural parameters.

[0029] The technical solution provided in this application achieves a comprehensive design based on the overall performance of the aircraft by iteratively optimizing the heat exchanger structural parameters in conjunction with environmental control system simulation and overall aircraft fuel consumption. In this application, the heat exchanger mass is incorporated into the environmental control simulation process, fully considering the overall impact of the heat exchanger hardware mass on the environmental control process and flight fuel consumption. Furthermore, this application comprehensively considers and optimizes the overall flight performance through overall simulation and calculation of the flight control process, improving the actual optimization effect and practicality of the optimized heat exchanger parameters. During the optimization process, this application simultaneously balances the weight effect and heat exchange performance of the heat exchanger, ensuring that the final determined heat exchanger structure meets both environmental control and temperature control requirements while effectively reducing its impact on aircraft fuel consumption, thereby achieving an optimal balance between weight, thermal management, and flight energy consumption at the system level.

[0030] Regarding the execution entity used in the embodiments of this application, it can specifically be a terminal device with flight environmental control simulation function, such as a desktop computer or laptop computer, or a remote device, such as a server. In addition, the execution entity used in the embodiments of this application can also be a software execution entity, such as a client or software program installed on a terminal device. The specific type of execution entity for applying the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application is not strictly limited here; it can be flexibly selected and applied according to the actual application scenario and actual needs.

[0031] The actual application scenarios corresponding to the heat exchanger structure optimization method provided in the embodiments of this application are not strictly limited in this application, and can be flexibly selected according to actual needs.

[0032] For example, in the design phase of the environmental control system for civil aircraft, the technical solution provided in this application generates multiple sets of candidate structural parameters based on a preset range of heat exchanger structural parameters. In each optimization iteration, aircraft environmental control simulation can be performed based on the structural parameters to automatically calculate the mass and heat transfer of the corresponding heat exchanger, and further deduce the flight fuel consumption rate and cabin temperature control effect under this structure. These data are combined to form environmental control performance indicators, and the structural parameters are continuously adjusted for multiple rounds of simulation optimization to finally determine the heat exchanger structural parameters that, while meeting environmental control and temperature control requirements, optimize the overall fuel efficiency of the aircraft.

[0033] The technical solutions provided in this application enable synergistic optimization of the heat exchanger structure and the overall aircraft performance during the early stages of aircraft design. In the above example, the technical solutions provided in this application ensure that the designed heat exchanger not only meets thermal performance standards but also minimizes the impact of its weight on fuel consumption, thereby reducing the operating costs throughout the aircraft's lifecycle from a hardware quality perspective and improving the overall efficiency of the environmental control system.

[0034] It should be noted that the application scenarios described in the above embodiments of this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that with the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems. The heat exchanger structure optimization method provided by the embodiments of this application can be applied to various practical scenarios requiring optimization of the heat exchanger structure in flight environmental control systems.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a heat exchanger structure optimization method according to one embodiment of this application.

[0036] like Figure 1As shown in the figure, the heat exchanger structure optimization method provided in the embodiments of this application includes steps S101 to S105.

[0037] S101: Determine the candidate structural parameters based on the preset range of heat exchanger structural parameters.

[0038] In step S101, the technical solution provided in this application embodiment can determine the candidate structural parameters obtained by combining different parameter values ​​based on a pre-set range of structural parameters for multiple different types of heat exchangers.

[0039] The term "heat exchanger structural parameter range" refers to the numerical range of each structural parameter of the heat exchanger. The specific parameter types are not limited in this embodiment and can be flexibly defined according to the actual heat exchanger type. For example, in some embodiments, the heat exchanger type may be a plate-fin heat exchanger, and the corresponding structural parameters may include, but are not limited to, fin spacing, plate spacing, fin thickness, and number of fin layers. In other embodiments, the heat exchanger type may be a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the corresponding structural parameters may include, but are not limited to, tube diameter, tube length, number of tube passes, and baffle spacing.

[0040] The candidate structural parameters represent the various structural parameters corresponding to the heat exchanger. From the range of structural parameters of the heat exchanger, multiple parameter values ​​corresponding to each structural parameter can be determined. The combinations of various structural parameters can yield multiple candidate structural parameters corresponding to the heat exchanger.

[0041] In the embodiments provided in this application, a genetic algorithm can be used to determine multiple candidate structural parameters. Specifically, based on preset genetic algorithm parameters, a genetic algorithm can be applied to multiple ranges of heat exchanger structural parameters to determine various heat exchanger structural parameters, and each structural parameter can be assigned multiple different parameter values.

[0042] Then, random parameter combinations can be made on the determined heat exchanger structural parameters to determine at least one structural parameter combination as the above-mentioned candidate structural parameters. For example, in the example above, the fin spacing corresponds to three values ​​and the plate spacing corresponds to two values. Based on this, up to six parameter combinations can be obtained. As the types and values ​​of parameters are different, the number of candidate structural parameters can also be greater.

[0043] The preset genetic algorithm parameters mentioned above may include, but are not limited to, population size, maximum number of iterations, crossover probability, and mutation probability. The maximum number of iterations, crossover probability, and mutation probability can be used for optimization and iteration of the candidate structure parameters in subsequent steps. In some embodiments, the population size can be 50, the maximum number of iterations can be 200, the initial crossover probability can be 0.8, and the initial mutation probability can be 0.1.

[0044] The above embodiments introduce a genetic algorithm to automatically and intelligently search and combine multidimensional parameter spaces, transforming the optimization process into a systematic optimization problem. This embodiment can efficiently handle the coupling relationships between complex parameters, automatically generate diverse potential structural schemes, and provide a high-quality and broad-coverage initial design population for subsequent environmental control system performance simulation and evaluation, thereby significantly improving the optimization efficiency of heat exchanger structural parameters and the possibility of finding a fast and excellent solution.

[0045] In the embodiments provided in this application, the heat exchanger can be a plate-fin heat exchanger, and the corresponding range of heat exchanger structural parameters can include at least: fin spacing range, plate spacing range, fin thickness range, seal thickness range, baffle thickness range, fin length range, number of fin layers range, number of fins per layer range, number of fluid channels range, hot fluid flow length range, cold fluid flow length range, and heat exchanger height range, etc.

[0046] The combination of structural parameters corresponding to the selected structural parameters may include at least the following parameters: fin spacing, plate spacing, fin thickness, seal thickness, baffle thickness, fin length, number of fin layers, number of fins per layer, number of fluid channels, hot fluid flow length, cold fluid flow length, and heat exchanger height.

[0047] In some embodiments, the fin spacing The range can be set to 1mm~1.5mm, and the board spacing can be adjusted. The range can be set to 2mm~6.3mm, fin thickness The range can be set to 0.05~0.15mm, sealing strip thickness. The range can be set to 2mm~4mm, and the partition thickness is... The range can be set to 0.4mm~0.6mm, fin length The range can be set to 200~300mm, and the number of fin layers The range can be set to 5~20, the number of fins per layer The range can be set to 50~100, the number of fluid channels The range can be set to 5~10, for the thermal fluid flow length. The range can be set to 200~300mm, cold fluid flow length The range can be set to 400mm~600mm, heat exchanger height The range can be set to 100mm~150mm.

[0048] Each structural parameter can be selected within its corresponding range. Through the above embodiments, multiple candidate structural parameters within this range can be identified. These candidate parameters can then undergo multiple iterations during subsequent environmental control simulations to ultimately determine the optimal solution for the heat exchanger's structural parameters. It should be noted that the specific numerical values ​​of the parameter ranges in the examples are for illustrative purposes only. This application does not strictly limit the specific parameter ranges; they can be flexibly set according to actual needs and application scenarios.

[0049] The above embodiments, by fully defining the core parameter set that determines the geometry and dimensions of the plate-fin heat exchanger, provide a clear and comprehensive set of optimization variables for the genetic algorithm. This embodiment enriches the structural sample, enabling subsequent iterative optimization steps to explore deeply within a space covering all key design dimensions. This ensures that the optimization process is not only more efficient, but also that the final combination of structural parameters represents a comprehensive and coordinated design scheme for the plate-fin heat exchanger, improving optimization digestion and environmental control performance in actual flight environmental control.

[0050] S102: Based on the candidate structural parameters and the preset environmental control simulation parameters, perform multiple rounds of aircraft environmental control simulation to determine the heat exchanger mass and simulated heat transfer of the heat exchanger simulation model corresponding to the candidate structural parameters in each round of environmental control simulation.

[0051] In step S102, the technical solution provided in this application embodiment can perform multiple rounds of aircraft environmental control simulation for a heat exchanger simulation model composed of candidate structural parameters. While collecting simulation data, it can determine the heat exchanger mass of the heat exchanger simulation model based on the candidate structural parameters, and calculate the simulated heat exchange corresponding to each round of simulation based on the environmental control simulation parameters.

[0052] Here, heat exchanger mass represents the hardware weight of the heat exchanger if it were actually manufactured based on the selected structural parameters. Simulated heat exchange represents the amount of heat actually exchanged by the simulation model of the heat exchanger corresponding to the selected structural parameters during each round of environmental control simulation.

[0053] Specifically, in the embodiments provided in this application, for each round of environmental control simulation, the heat exchanger mass of the corresponding heat exchanger simulation model can be calculated based on the selected structural parameters. Simultaneously, environmental control simulation can be performed on the heat exchanger simulation model based on preset environmental control simulation parameters and the selected structural parameters to determine the simulated mass flow rate of the heat exchanger simulation model during that round of simulation.

[0054] Furthermore, the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger simulation model can be determined by selecting the appropriate calculation method based on whether a phase change occurs in the model. Based on the heat transfer coefficient, the candidate structural parameters for this round, and the determined simulated mass flow rate, the heat transfer of the heat exchanger simulation model in this round of simulation can be calculated and used as the simulated heat transfer.

[0055] Regarding the specific calculation process for the mass of the aforementioned heat exchanger, taking the plate-fin heat exchanger in the example above as an example, in the embodiments provided in this application, the selected structural parameters may specifically include the fin spacing corresponding to the plate-fin heat exchanger. Spacing between boards fin thickness Seal thickness partition thickness fin length Number of fin layers Number of fins per layer Number of fluid channels thermal fluid flow length Cold fluid flow length Heat exchanger height .

[0056] First, it can be based on the fin spacing. and fin thickness Calculate the inner fin spacing of a plate-fin heat exchanger. And according to the plate spacing and fin thickness Calculate the height inside the fins of a plate-fin heat exchanger. The specific calculation process can be found in the following formulas (1) and (2): (1) (2) Then, based on the number of fin layers and the number of fins per layer And the fin inner distance calculated by formulas (1) and (2) and fin inner height The flow area of ​​a plate-fin heat exchanger can be calculated. and water conservancy diameter The specific calculation process can be found in the following formulas (3) and (4): (3) (4) At the same time, it can be based on the fin spacing Number of fluid channels thermal fluid flow length Cold fluid flow length and fin inner distance and fin inner height Calculate the primary heat transfer area of ​​the plate-fin heat exchanger. and secondary heat transfer area And calculate the sum of the two heat transfer areas as the total heat transfer area. The specific calculation process can be found in formulas (5) to (7) below: (5) (6) (7) The parameters determined by formulas (1) to (7) above can be used to calculate the heat exchanger mass, simulated mass flow rate, and simulated heat transfer. Regarding the heat exchanger mass of a plate-fin heat exchanger, it can be specifically divided into fin mass. Seal quality and partition quality .

[0057] According to the height inside the fin Fin spacing fin thickness fin length Number of fin layers Number of fins per layer and the preset fin density The fin mass of a plate-fin heat exchanger can be calculated. The specific calculation process can be found in the following formula (8): (8) Based on seal thickness Spacing between boards fin length Number of fin layers and fin density The mass of the seals in a plate-fin heat exchanger can be calculated. The specific calculation process can be found in the following formula (9): (9) Based on the number of fin layers Number of fins per layer Fin spacing fin thickness fin length partition thickness and fin density The mass of the baffles in a plate-fin heat exchanger can be calculated. The specific calculation process can be found in the following formula (10): (10) Furthermore, the fin quality can be improved. Seal quality and partition quality The sum of the values ​​represents the heat exchanger mass of a plate-fin heat exchanger. The specific calculation process can be found in the following formula (11): (11) Using the embodiments shown in formulas (1) to (11) above, the heat exchanger mass of the plate-fin heat exchanger can be accurately calculated. This includes the structural parameters of each heat exchanger required for subsequent calculations of mass flow rate and heat exchange. The heat exchanger mass can be used in subsequent steps, in conjunction with the aircraft structural parameters, to analyze the impact of the heat exchanger's hardware weight on the aircraft's fuel consumption rate. This allows for the determination of heat exchanger structural parameters that meet actual heat exchange requirements through environmental control simulation, while fully considering the impact of heat exchanger hardware mass on flight fuel consumption rate, thus enabling more efficient and practical structural optimization of the heat exchanger.

[0058] Regarding the calculation process of the simulated mass flow rate described above, in the embodiments provided in this application, the mass flow rate of the heat exchanger can be determined through iterative calculations during each round of environmental control simulation. The fluid pressure drop and pressure difference between the ports of the heat exchanger. The values ​​of P are equal, while the pressure difference... P and mass flow rate There is a functional relationship between them. Pressure difference P can be obtained by solving for pressure, therefore it can be obtained by solving... Determine mass flow rate Pressure difference The specific relationship between P and the functional relationship f(dm) can be seen in the following formulas (12) and (13): (12) (13) in, For the aforementioned pressure difference, For mass flow The functional relationship, This refers to the fluid pressure drop in a heat exchanger, specifically the frictional pressure drop. and accelerate pressure drop Composition, frictional pressure drop and accelerate pressure drop Average with mass flow rate Related, and Due to mass flow rate The functional relationship between the parameters is non-linear; therefore, in the embodiments provided in this application, the mass flow rate can be determined using an iterative method. Solve for it.

[0059] Specifically, you can first set the initial mass flow rate. Based on the initial mass flow rate, the parameters of the candidate structure, and the environmental control simulation parameters, the frictional pressure drop corresponding to the initial mass flow rate can be determined. and accelerate pressure drop Among them, frictional pressure drop It can also be divided into conventional pressure drop. and strange pressure drop .

[0060] Furthermore, based on frictional pressure drop and accelerate pressure drop Pressure loss can be determined using formulas (12) and (13) above, i.e., the pressure difference can be calculated. Then it can be solved. The initial mass flow rate was calculated. Corresponding actual mass flow rate Determine the actual mass flow rate With initial mass flow rate Whether the difference in flow rate between the two values ​​meets the preset difference threshold, and the process for determining the flow rate residual, for example... The determined flow residual It can be compared with a preset difference threshold. Perform a size comparison.

[0061] If so, the flow difference is considered to be in a convergent state, and the corresponding actual mass flow can be expressed. As mass flow If not, then the initial mass flow rate is indicated. If there is a discrepancy, the above process needs to be readjusted and re-executed based on the flow difference, iterating repeatedly until the flow difference converges.

[0062] The above embodiments establish a closed-loop iterative calculation process that includes friction and accelerated pressure drop to achieve an accurate solution for the mass flow rate of the working medium within the heat exchanger. This embodiment enables a dynamic balance between the mass flow rate in the simulation model and the flow pressure calculated based on the current structural parameters, significantly improving the physical realism and numerical accuracy of the simulation process. This lays a crucial foundation for the reliable evaluation of subsequent heat exchange performance and system energy consumption.

[0063] Regarding the aforementioned frictional pressure drop The specific determination process can be found in the following formula (14): (14) in, This represents the frictional pressure drop. This represents the gain coefficient due to frictional pressure loss. Indicates normal pressure drop. This indicates an unusual pressure drop. Since heat exchangers are classified based on whether a phase change occurs, they can be divided into single-phase heat exchangers (fluid is gas or liquid) and two-phase heat exchangers (fluid is both gas and liquid), corresponding to conventional pressure drops. and strange pressure drop The calculation methods also differ.

[0064] In the embodiments provided in this application, the heat exchanger simulation model corresponding to the selected structural parameters can be a single-phase heat exchanger simulation model, and the environmental control simulation parameters can include the fluid viscosity of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model, where the fluid viscosity is either gas phase viscosity or liquid phase viscosity.

[0065] First, the mass flow rate of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model can be calculated based on the initial mass flow rate preset in each iteration of the mass flow rate iteration process and the candidate structural parameters corresponding to the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model. Simultaneously, the single-phase pressure drop loss coefficient of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model can be calculated based on the fluid viscosity and the candidate structural parameters.

[0066] Then, the single-phase Reynolds number of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model can be calculated based on the mass flow rate, the selected structural parameters, and the fluid viscosity. Furthermore, the friction factor of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model can be determined based on the single-phase Reynolds number.

[0067] Furthermore, based on the selected structural parameters and friction factor, the conventional pressure drop of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model at the initial mass flow rate can be calculated, and based on the selected structural parameters and single-phase pressure drop loss coefficient, the singular pressure drop of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model at the initial mass flow rate can be calculated.

[0068] The specific calculation process for the conventional pressure drop in the simulation model of a single-phase heat exchanger can be referred to the following formula (15): (15) in, Indicates normal pressure drop. The friction factor can be specifically expressed through a function. Calculations show that, in some embodiments, the Churchill relation can be used. For single-phase Reynolds number, specifically, it can be determined by... Calculations show that For the absolute roughness of the piping in the simulation model of a single-phase heat exchanger, The hydraulic diameter is calculated using the formula (4) above. For fluid viscosity, For mass flow rate, specifically, it can be determined by... Calculations show that This represents the initial mass flow rate for this iteration. The circulation area calculated using the above formula (3) , Specific volume of the fluid , The fluid density is given.

[0069] The specific calculation process of the singular pressure drop in the simulation model of a single-phase heat exchanger can be referred to the following formula (16): (16) in, This represents the singular pressure drop, where G is the mass flow rate. is the specific volume of the fluid. This is the single-phase voltage drop loss coefficient, which can be specifically obtained through... Calculations show that As the baseline singularity coefficient, These are flow state characteristic parameters. Flow state characteristic parameters Corresponding critical state parameters, flow state characteristic parameters Specifically, it can be done through Calculations show that For local pressure loss, critical state parameters It can be done Calculations show that The critical Reynolds number is denoted as .

[0070] By combining the above formulas (15) and (16) with each parameter, the normal pressure drop and the unusual pressure drop of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model under the initial mass flow rate can be accurately calculated. Furthermore, the corresponding friction pressure drop can be accurately calculated by formula (14).

[0071] The above embodiments fully consider the impact of different pressure drops on the overall pressure drop, significantly deepening the physical details of the pressure drop simulation. This embodiment enables the simulation of flow resistance in single-phase heat exchangers to more accurately depict the additional losses caused by sudden changes in local structure, thereby greatly improving the realism and accuracy of the coupled calculation of flow rate and pressure drop in the entire environmental control system simulation. This ensures that subsequent optimization designs based on this can effectively reflect and avoid unfavorable flow conditions in actual engineering, enhancing the credibility and feasibility of optimization schemes for heat exchangers.

[0072] In addition, in other embodiments provided in this application, the heat exchanger simulation model corresponding to the selected structural parameters can be a two-phase heat exchanger simulation model, and the environmental control simulation parameters can include the liquid phase viscosity and gas phase viscosity of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model.

[0073] The process of determining the frictional pressure drop corresponding to the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is similar to that of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model in the above embodiments. The main difference is that the fluid viscosity is no longer the viscosity of a single fluid, but the homogeneous viscosity of the liquid phase viscosity and the gas phase viscosity of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model. In some embodiments, the homogeneous viscosity can be calculated based on the liquid phase viscosity and the gas phase viscosity using the McAdams correlation. The specific calculation process can be referred to in the following formula (17): (17) in, This represents the homogeneous viscosity of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model. The viscosity is the gas phase viscosity. For liquid phase viscosity, The mass gas content. This can be determined using formula (17) based on the gas phase viscosity. and liquid phase viscosity The homogeneous viscosity of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model was accurately calculated. This is further applied to the determination of frictional pressure drop in the simulation model of a two-phase heat exchanger.

[0074] Specifically, similar to the simulation model of a single-phase heat exchanger, the mass flow rate of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model can be calculated first based on the initial mass flow rate and the selected structural parameters. Simultaneously, the two-phase pressure drop loss coefficient of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model can be calculated based on the homogeneous viscosity and the selected structural parameters.

[0075] Next, the two-phase Reynolds number of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model can be calculated based on the mass flow rate, the selected structural parameters, and the homogeneous viscosity. Furthermore, the friction factor of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model can be determined based on the two-phase Reynolds number.

[0076] Furthermore, based on the selected structural parameters and friction factor, the conventional pressure drop of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model at the initial mass flow rate can be calculated, and based on the selected structural parameters and the two-phase pressure drop loss coefficient, the singular pressure drop of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model at the initial mass flow rate can be calculated.

[0077] The specific calculation process for the conventional pressure drop in the simulation model of a two-phase heat exchanger can be found in the following formula (18): (18) in, Indicates normal pressure drop. The friction factor can be specifically expressed through a function. Calculations show that, in some embodiments, the Churchill relation can be used. The two-phase Reynolds number can be specifically determined by... Calculations show that For the absolute roughness of the piping in the simulation model of a single-phase heat exchanger, The hydraulic diameter is calculated using the formula (4) above. The homogeneous viscosity calculated using the above formula (17) is... For mass flow rate, specifically, it can be determined by... Calculations show that This represents the initial mass flow rate for this iteration. The circulation area calculated using the above formula (3) , For the average specific volume, it can be specifically determined by... Calculations show that The mass gas content, For air to be compatible, specifically through Calculations show that For gas phase density, For liquids to have a specific volume ratio, it can be specifically determined by... Calculations show that ρ is the density of the liquid phase.

[0078] The specific calculation process of the singular pressure drop in the simulation model of the two-phase heat exchanger is quite similar to the formula (16) for calculating the singular pressure drop in the simulation model of the single-phase heat exchanger, except that the fluid specific volume It needs to be replaced with the average specific volume in the above formula (18). and single-phase voltage drop loss coefficient This is transformed into a two-phase pressure drop loss coefficient, and the fluid viscosity during the process is determined accordingly. It needs to be replaced with the homogeneous viscosity in the above formula (17). fluid density Replace it with the mixed density of the liquid and gas phases. The specific calculation process can be found in formula (16), which will not be repeated here.

[0079] The formulas in the above embodiments can be combined with various parameters to accurately calculate the normal pressure drop and the unusual pressure drop of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model under the initial mass flow rate. Furthermore, the corresponding frictional pressure drop can be accurately calculated using formula (14).

[0080] In the above embodiments, homogeneous viscosity is constructed as a two-phase mediating parameter to equivalently represent the complex physical properties of two-phase flow, and frictional pressure drop and singular pressure drop are systematically calculated based on this. This embodiment achieves accurate quantification of different pressure drops in two-phase heat exchangers, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of predicting flow resistance during phase change. This ensures that the optimized design of such heat exchangers can be based on a physical model that closely approximates the actual two-phase working characteristics, enhancing the credibility and feasibility of the heat exchanger optimization scheme.

[0081] Regarding the specific calculation process of the aforementioned accelerated pressure drop, in the embodiments provided in this application, the accelerated pressure drop of the heat exchanger simulation model can be calculated based on the fluid specific volume (single-phase heat exchanger simulation model) or average specific volume (two-way heat exchanger simulation model), and the mass flow rate. The specific calculation process of the accelerated pressure drop can be referred to the following formula (19): (19) in, This represents the accelerating pressure drop in the heat exchanger simulation model, where G is the mass flow rate. This applies when the heat exchanger simulation model is a single-phase heat exchanger. When the heat exchanger simulation model is a two-phase heat exchanger, the fluid specific volume is considered. This represents the average specific volume.

[0082] The mass flow rate of a single-phase or two-phase heat exchanger simulation model in each environmental control simulation cycle can be accurately calculated using formulas (12) to (19). Accurate calculation of the mass flow rate provides data support for subsequent heat exchange calculations, thereby improving the realism and reliability of the overall simulation process.

[0083] Regarding the specific calculation process of the simulated heat exchange, in the embodiments provided in this application, the heat exchanger coefficient can be determined by selecting the corresponding calculation method based on the heat exchanger type (single-phase or two-phase) of the heat exchanger simulation model. Furthermore, the simulated heat exchange of the heat exchanger simulation model in each round of environmental control simulation can be calculated based on the heat exchanger coefficient, the selected structural parameters, and the simulated mass flow rate.

[0084] In the embodiments provided in this application, the heat exchanger simulation model can be a single-phase heat exchanger simulation model, and the corresponding environmental control simulation parameters can include the fluid thermal conductivity and fluid viscosity of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model. The heat transfer coefficient corresponding to the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model can be further divided into two cases according to the fluid flow state: one is single-phase laminar flow, and the other is single-phase turbulent flow.

[0085] When the fluid flow is in single-phase laminar flow, the single-phase heat transfer coefficient of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model under single-phase laminar flow can be calculated based on the candidate structural parameters, fluid thermal conductivity, and preset laminar Nusselt number of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model. The specific calculation process can be referred to the following formula (20): (20) in, This represents the single-phase heat transfer coefficient of a single-phase heat exchanger simulation model under single-phase laminar flow conditions. To preset the laminar flow Nusselt number, some embodiments may choose 3.66. For fluid thermal conductivity, For water conservancy diameter.

[0086] When the fluid flow is in single-phase turbulent flow, the single-phase heat transfer coefficient of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model under single-phase turbulence can be calculated using the Gnielinski relation based on the candidate structural parameters, fluid thermal conductivity, and fluid viscosity of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model. The specific calculation process can be found in the following formula (21): (twenty one) in, The single-phase heat transfer coefficient of the simulation model of a single-phase heat exchanger under single-phase turbulent conditions. The coefficient of friction is given by Re, which in some embodiments can be calculated using the Churchill relation. Re is the Reynolds number, which can be specifically calculated using... The calculation shows that G is the mass flow rate. For fluid viscosity, For Prandtl number , For isobaric specific heat, Let D be the fluid thermal conductivity, and D be the hydraulic diameter.

[0087] Based on formulas (20) and (21) in the above embodiments, the single-phase heat transfer coefficient of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model under different fluid flow states can be accurately calculated, providing accurate data support for the determination of subsequent simulated heat transfer.

[0088] The above embodiments illustrate two different flow states in a single-phase heat exchanger: laminar and turbulent flow. Targeted heat transfer coefficient calculation models are configured for each state, significantly improving simulation accuracy. This embodiment allows heat transfer performance evaluation to more realistically reflect different flow regimes that may occur in actual operation, ensuring the engineering reliability of core heat transfer parameter calculations. This provides a more accurate and robust performance input basis for structural optimization based on simulation data, improving the calculation accuracy of heat transfer in subsequent simulation models.

[0089] In addition, in other embodiments provided in this application, the heat exchanger simulation model can be a two-phase heat exchanger simulation model, and the corresponding environmental control simulation parameters can include the liquid phase parameters, gas phase parameters, temperature parameters and pressure parameters of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model.

[0090] The liquid phase parameters may include, but are not limited to: liquid phase Reynolds number, liquid phase Prandtl number, liquid phase thermal conductivity, liquid phase specific heat at isobaric pressure, liquid phase density, gas-liquid interface surface tension, and latent heat of vaporization of the liquid phase. Gas phase parameters may include, but are not limited to: gas phase mass fraction and gas phase density. Temperature parameters may include, but are not limited to: wall temperature, wall saturation temperature, and actual fluid temperature. Pressure parameters may include, but are not limited to: actual pressure at the heat exchanger ports and critical pressure.

[0091] The heat transfer coefficient corresponding to the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model can be further divided into two cases according to the heat transfer mode: condensation heat transfer and boiling heat transfer.

[0092] When simulating condensation heat transfer using a two-phase heat exchanger simulation model, the liquid phase heat transfer coefficient of the simulation model can be calculated first based on the liquid phase parameters and the selected structural parameters. Furthermore, the condensation two-phase heat transfer coefficient of the simulation model can be calculated using the Shah correlation based on the liquid phase heat transfer coefficient and pressure parameters. The specific calculation process can be found in the following formula (22): (twenty two) in, The condensation two-phase heat transfer coefficient is given by the simulation model of the two-phase heat exchanger. The liquid phase heat transfer coefficient represents the heat transfer coefficient of a liquid phase flowing alone, and can be specifically obtained through... Calculated. For liquid phase Reynolds number, The Prandtl number for liquid phase. denoted as liquid phase thermal conductivity, all parameters mentioned above; D is the hydraulic diameter, determined based on the selected structural parameters; and x is the gas phase mass fraction. The pressure ratio represents the ratio of the actual pressure to the critical pressure, i.e. , For actual pressure, The critical pressure is defined as the pressure parameter mentioned above.

[0093] When simulating boiling heat transfer using a two-phase heat exchanger simulation model, the nucleus boiling heat transfer coefficient of the simulation model can be calculated first based on the liquid phase parameters, gas phase parameters, temperature parameters, and pressure parameters. Simultaneously, the liquid phase heat transfer coefficient can be calculated based on the liquid phase parameters and the selected structural parameters.

[0094] Furthermore, the boiling flow mass coefficient can be calculated based on the liquid phase parameters and gas phase parameters. Simultaneously, based on the boiling flow mass coefficient, the inhibition factor for the nucleus boiling heat transfer coefficient and the enhancement factor for the liquid phase heat transfer coefficient can be determined. Combining the nucleus boiling heat transfer coefficient, liquid phase heat transfer coefficient, inhibition factor, and enhancement factor, the boiling two-phase heat transfer coefficient of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model can be calculated using the Chen's relation. The specific calculation process can be found in the following formula (23): (twenty three) in, The boiling two-phase heat transfer coefficient is given by the simulation model of the two-phase heat exchanger. The nucleus boiling heat transfer coefficient can be specifically obtained through... Calculated. For liquid phase thermal conductivity, It is the specific heat at constant pressure in the liquid phase. The density of the liquid phase is... The surface tension at the gas-liquid interface. The latent heat of vaporization of the liquid phase. For gas phase density, The wall temperature, The wall saturation temperature The saturation pressure difference can be specifically determined by... Calculations show that This represents the actual temperature of the fluid.

[0095] F is the enhancement factor, which can be specifically achieved through... Calculations show that The boiling flow mass coefficient can be obtained by... The calculation shows that x is the gas phase mass fraction. The density of the liquid phase is... For gas phase density, For liquid phase viscosity, Where S is the gas phase viscosity. S is the inhibition factor, which can be specifically determined by... Calculations show that For liquid phase Reynolds number, This is the enhancing factor.

[0096] In the above embodiments, a complete differentiated simulation calculation chain was constructed for the two distinct phase change processes of condensation and boiling in two-phase heat exchangers. By introducing a correction factor for quantifying flow interactions in the above embodiments, the simulation model can accurately depict the complex physical nature of phase change heat transfer, significantly improving the accuracy of determining the simulated heat transfer in different heat transfer simulations, and greatly enhancing the accuracy and practicality of optimizing the structural parameters of heat exchangers.

[0097] It should be noted that the embodiments of this application do not strictly limit the specific method for determining the heat transfer coefficient. In addition to the embodiments described above, other feasible methods such as the Cavallini & Zecchin correlation and the Travis correlation can also be used to determine the heat transfer coefficient in other embodiments. The specific method can be flexibly selected according to actual needs and application scenarios.

[0098] By using the calculations in formulas (20) to (23) in the above embodiments, the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger simulation model under different types, different fluid states, and different heat transfer methods can be accurately determined. Furthermore, the simulated heat transfer can be calculated based on the heat transfer coefficient.

[0099] To facilitate understanding of the calculation process for simulated heat exchange, the following example uses a model structure diagram of a heat exchanger simulation model for illustration. Figure 2 As shown in the image.

[0100] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the model structure of a heat exchanger simulation model provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0101] like Figure 2 As shown, the heat exchanger simulation model 200 contains a resistive element 201 and a capacitive element 202. The resistive element 201 can connect to the capacitive element 202 and the external interface 203 to transmit data. Specifically, it receives pressure data and density data sent by the external interface 203 and the capacitive element 202, and outputs mass flow rate and heat exchange capacity to the external interface 203 and the capacitive element 202 after calculating according to the parameters.

[0102] The capacitive element 202 can connect to the resistive element 201, external interface 204, and external interface 205 for data transmission. Specifically, it receives the mass flow rate and heat transfer data sent by the resistive element 201 and external interface 204, and receives the pipe temperature sent by external interface 205. After calculation based on the parameters, it can output pressure data and density data to the resistive element 201 and external interface 204, and output the simulated heat transfer data of the heat exchanger simulation model to external interface 205. In the above embodiment, the simulated heat transfer data is the simulated heat transfer data received by external interface 205, while the heat transfer data output by the resistive element 201 and external interface 204 is a process quantity, which specifically affects the value of the pipe temperature.

[0103] External interfaces 203, 204, and 205 are responsible for data transmission between the heat exchanger simulation model and external components. External interface 203 can be a hydraulic flow interface (hflow), which can connect to capacitive elements in other components (such as another heat exchanger simulation model). External interface 204 can also be a hydraulic flow interface, which can connect to resistive elements in other components, such as the throttle valve in AMESim software. External interface 205 is a thermal interface (thermal), which can connect to the thermal modules of other components, such as the heat capacity module in AMESim software. In this embodiment, the specific component type is not strictly limited, and components can be flexibly selected from the component database according to actual needs and application scenarios, such as the Two-Phase Flow library, the Thermal library, etc.

[0104] Figure 2 The specific inputs and outputs of each interface in the heat exchanger simulation model shown are shown in Table 1 below.

[0105] In response to the above Figure 2 The heat exchanger simulation model shown can be used to calculate and output the simulated heat transfer of the heat exchanger simulation model in each simulation cycle based on the heat transfer coefficient, the selected structural parameters, and the simulated mass flow rate. The specific calculation process can be referred to in the following formula (24): (twenty four) in, This represents the simulated heat transfer capacity of the heat exchanger simulation model. The heat transfer coefficient is calculated using the above embodiments. The total heat transfer area is calculated using the formula (7) above. The temperature difference between the fluid and the pipe wall is affected by the mass flow rate input and output of the heat exchanger simulation model. Influence, The heat transfer enhancement factor can be set to 1 in some embodiments. Figure 2 The simulated heat exchange output through external interface 204 in the heat exchanger simulation model shown can be accurately calculated using formula (24), while the heat exchange calculation methods for external interfaces 203 and 205 are as follows: The parameters are the same as above. The heat exchange of external interfaces 203 and 205 is a process quantity in the simulation process, mainly used to affect the change of pipe temperature, and may not participate in the subsequent determination of indicators for the heat exchanger simulation model.

[0106] Regarding the calculation process of each pressure and density in the above examples, in the embodiments provided in this application, the density and pressure derivatives with respect to time can be calculated by solving the integrator of the simulation software.

[0107] Specifically, the density-time derivative of the heat exchanger simulation model can be found in the following formula (25): (25) in, The density derivative with respect to time, For heat exchanger volume, The total mass of the heat exchanger flowing in and out can be calculated based on the mass flow rate at multiple ports.

[0108] The pressure derivative with respect to time in the heat exchanger simulation model can be found in the following formula (26): (26) in, This is the partial derivative of pressure versus volume at a constant temperature. This is the partial derivative of pressure with respect to temperature at constant volume. The volumetric time derivative can be specifically obtained through... Calculated. It can be done Calculations show that The specific enthalpy of the fluid within the volume. For fluid mass, For constant volume specific heat, The sum of heat fluxes Let be the partial derivative of specific internal energy with respect to volume at a constant temperature. This is the volumetric time derivative.

[0109] Based on formulas (25) and (27), the time derivatives of density and pressure can be calculated. Furthermore, the differential equations can be solved using the integrator in simulation software to obtain density and pressure data. In some embodiments, density and pressure can be set as explicit state variables using AMESim software, and the derivatives of density and pressure can be specified. During simulation, density and pressure can be calculated using an integrator.

[0110] In the above embodiments, by explicitly separating and associating the calculation paths of heat exchanger mass and heat transfer in the simulation process, a simulation kernel that more closely resembles the actual environmental control process is constructed. By using the mass flow rate dynamically obtained from the environmental control simulation to drive the heat exchange performance calculation in the above embodiments, the optimization process can sensitively capture and respond to changes in the system's operating state. This ensures that the optimized heat exchanger structure is not only reasonable in terms of static parameters, but also achieves the expected performance and weight balance under dynamic and realistic flight environmental control conditions, significantly improving the reliability and practicality of heat exchanger parameter optimization and design adjustments.

[0111] The processing order between the above embodiments can be referred to Figure 3 The flowchart shown is shown.

[0112] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating heat transfer simulation of a heat exchanger simulation model provided in one embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, it includes steps S301 to S304.

[0113] S301: Determine the heat exchanger mass of the heat exchanger simulation model based on the selected structural parameters.

[0114] S302: Perform environmental control simulation and determine the mass flow rate through iterative calculations.

[0115] S303: Calculate the heat transfer coefficients for different heat exchanger types and under corresponding operating conditions.

[0116] S304: Calculate the simulated heat transfer of the heat exchanger simulation model based on the heat transfer coefficient and mass flow rate.

[0117] Steps S301 to S304 enable accurate calculation of various parameters during the environmental control simulation of the heat exchanger simulation model, providing accurate and effective data for subsequent performance evaluation. Specific technical details can be found in the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0118] To facilitate understanding of the data calculation process under different heat exchanger types and operating conditions in the above embodiments, a comprehensive example is provided below using a structural diagram. For details, please refer to... Figure 4 The diagram shows the structure.

[0119] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure for determining data from different heat exchanger simulation models, as provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0120] like Figure 4 As shown, based on the candidate structural parameter 400, the structural data 411 and mass data 412 of the heat exchanger simulation model can be determined through the structural calculation and mass calculation process 410.

[0121] Based on the candidate structural parameter 400, the frictional pressure drop 421 and acceleration pressure drop 422 of the heat exchanger simulation model can be calculated through the mass flow calculation process 420. The frictional pressure drop 421 includes the normal pressure drop 423 and the unusual pressure drop 424. The normal pressure drop 423 is further divided into single-phase normal pressure drop 425 and two-phase normal pressure drop 426 according to the heat exchanger type.

[0122] Based on the candidate structural parameter 400, the heat transfer coefficients of single-phase heat exchanger 431 and two-phase heat exchanger 432 can be calculated through the heat transfer calculation process 430. Single-phase heat exchanger 431 is divided into single-phase laminar flow 433 and single-phase turbulent flow 434, and two-phase heat exchanger 432 is divided into condensation heat transfer 435 and boiling heat transfer 436.

[0123] It should be noted that the calculation method for the heat transfer coefficient can be flexibly selected according to actual needs. For example, the heat transfer coefficient of condensation heat transfer 435 can be calculated using the Shah correlation, Cavallini & Zecchin correlation, and Travis correlation, while the heat transfer coefficient of boiling heat transfer 436 can be calculated using the Chen correlation and the VDI Heat Atlas correlation (vertical or horizontal tube).

[0124] S103: For each round of environmental control simulation, determine the flight fuel consumption rate for that round based on the heat exchanger mass and aircraft structural parameters, and determine the simulated environmental control temperature for that round based on the simulated heat exchange.

[0125] In step S103, the technical solution provided in this application embodiment can calculate each simulation parameter based on the simulation process, and determine the flight fuel consumption rate and the simulated environmental control temperature respectively.

[0126] Specifically, in the embodiments provided in this application, the average flight fuel consumption rate over the entire simulated flight cycle can be calculated using a pre-constructed flight fuel consumption rate calculation model based on the actual aircraft structural parameters, taking into account the aircraft flight profile and heat exchanger mass, and through the aircraft performance equations. Simultaneously, based on the simulated heat exchange corresponding to the heat exchanger simulation model, the simulated ambient temperature of the heat exchanger simulation model during the simulation process can be calculated using a preset heat-to-temperature conversion function.

[0127] The determined flight fuel consumption rate and simulated environmental control temperature can be used in subsequent steps to evaluate the performance of the heat exchanger simulation model, determine the corresponding environmental control performance indicators, and then determine the optimal solution of the structural parameters of the heat exchanger simulation model based on the environmental control performance indicators, that is, determine the target structural parameters.

[0128] S104: Based on flight fuel consumption rate, simulated environmental control temperature, and simulated heat exchange, determine the environmental control performance index for this round, and optimize the candidate structural parameters for this round according to the environmental control performance index to obtain the candidate structural parameters for the next round.

[0129] In step S104, the technical solution provided in this application embodiment can combine multiple parameters such as flight fuel consumption rate, simulated environmental control temperature, and simulated heat exchange to comprehensively evaluate the candidate structural parameters corresponding to the heat exchanger simulation model for each round, and determine the environmental control performance index for that round.

[0130] Meanwhile, before the parameter iteration stops, the candidate structural parameters for each round can be optimized based on the environmental control performance index. Specifically, the optimization method can be to generate new candidate structural parameters based on the preset genetic algorithm parameters crossover or mutation in the above embodiment, and use them as candidate structural parameters for the next round to continue the above simulation process.

[0131] In the embodiments provided in this application, the temperature difference between the simulated ambient temperature and the expected ambient temperature can be determined as the temperature loss of the heat exchanger simulation model in this round of simulation, and the heat exchange difference between the simulated heat exchange and the expected heat exchange can be determined as the heat exchange loss of the heat exchanger simulation model in this round of simulation.

[0132] Then, based on preset loss weights, the temperature loss, heat exchange loss, and flight fuel consumption rate can be weighted and summed to calculate the environmental control performance index of the heat exchanger simulation model in this round of simulation. In some embodiments, the specific calculation process of the environmental control performance index can be referred to the following formula (27): (27) Among them, for each round of environmental control simulation, The environmental control performance indicators of the heat exchanger simulation model in this round are... This represents the flight fuel consumption rate for this round. To simulate ambient temperature, For the expected ambient temperature, This refers to temperature loss. To simulate heat exchange, For the expected heat exchange, To reduce heat loss, , as well as For the aforementioned preset loss weights, in some embodiments... , , .

[0133] The environmental control performance index corresponding to the heat exchanger simulation model in each round of environmental control simulation can be accurately calculated using formula (27) in the above embodiments. Subsequently, the parameter iteration process for the candidate structural parameters can be stopped based on the environmental control performance index, and the target structural parameters with the best environmental control performance and the effect of reducing flight energy consumption can be determined.

[0134] In the above embodiments, by constructing a comprehensive performance index, the mutually restrictive requirements of fuel economy, temperature control accuracy, and heat exchange capacity are unified into a single optimization objective. This embodiment transforms a multi-objective optimization problem into a computable and iterative single-objective problem, and flexibly reflects different design preferences through preset weights. This allows automated optimization algorithms to make decisions based on clear and consistent mathematical standards, thereby efficiently guiding the design iteration direction and obtaining optimal heat exchanger structural parameters that achieve the best balance of multiple key performance characteristics.

[0135] S105: Determine the target structural parameters based on multiple environmental control performance indicators and preset optimization termination conditions.

[0136] In step S105, the technical solution provided in this application embodiment can determine whether the preset optimization termination condition is met based on the environmental control performance index corresponding to the multiple simulation rounds determined in the above steps, thereby determining the target structural parameters of the heat exchanger simulation model.

[0137] In the embodiments provided in this application, the preset optimization termination conditions may include three termination conditions: whether the environmental control simulation round has reached a round threshold, whether there are multiple consecutive rounds where the difference between environmental control performance indicators is less than a preset difference threshold, and whether the flight fuel consumption rate is less than or equal to a preset fuel consumption rate threshold. If any of the above three termination conditions is met, the candidate structural parameter for the corresponding round can be selected as the target structural parameter.

[0138] When the number of environmental control simulation cycles reaches the cycle threshold, the candidate structural parameter corresponding to the environmental control performance index with the smallest difference from the preset index threshold can be determined as the optimal solution of the heat exchanger simulation model, i.e., the target structural parameter.

[0139] When the difference between environmental control performance indicators in a predetermined number (e.g., 10) consecutive cycles is less than a predetermined difference threshold, for example, when the continuous change in environmental control performance indicators is less than... The candidate structural parameter corresponding to the environmental control performance index with the smallest difference from the preset index threshold among the environmental control performance indexes of a preset number of consecutive rounds is taken as the target structural parameter.

[0140] When the flight fuel consumption rate is less than or equal to a preset fuel consumption rate threshold, the candidate structural parameter corresponding to the relevant environmental control performance index is taken as the target structural parameter. The priority of the three termination conditions can be determined according to actual needs. In some embodiments, the priority based on the flight fuel consumption rate can be set to the highest, so that the heat exchanger corresponding to the target structural parameter can minimize the flight fuel consumption rate during actual flight environmental control, thereby saving flight resource consumption and flight costs.

[0141] In the above embodiments, multiple explicit and executable termination logics are set for the optimization process. The combined effect of multiple termination conditions enables the entire optimization method to flexibly and automatically output the optimal heat exchanger design parameters that have been fully iterated and verified or meet rigid indicators, based on different engineering priority objectives or computational resource constraints. This significantly improves the structural optimization effect of the heat exchanger and the environmental control effect during the actual flight environmental control process.

[0142] Based on the above embodiments, a comprehensive explanation is provided using a schematic diagram of the overall process for optimizing the heat exchanger structure according to an embodiment of this application. For details, please refer to... Figure 5 As shown in the image.

[0143] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a heat exchanger structure optimization method according to one embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, steps S501 to S505 are included.

[0144] S501: Construct a simulation model of the flight environmental control system, and set initial boundary conditions such as initial pressure at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger, flight altitude, and flight speed. The flight environmental control system simulation model includes a heat exchanger simulation model and an aircraft fuel consumption rate calculation model.

[0145] S502: Set the genetic algorithm parameters, heat exchanger structural parameter range, and environmental control performance index calculation function.

[0146] S503: Based on the genetic algorithm parameters and the range of heat exchanger structural parameters, multiple candidate structural parameters are constructed, and corresponding heat exchanger simulation models are built.

[0147] S504: Perform environmental control simulation through the flight environmental control system simulation model, calculate the heat exchanger mass and simulated heat exchange, determine the weight of the environmental control system and send it to the aircraft fuel consumption calculation model. During the simulation, the aircraft fuel consumption is calculated and engine-induced parameters, including flow rate, temperature, and pressure, are sent to the heat exchanger simulation model.

[0148] S505: Calculate the environmental control performance index using the environmental control performance index calculation function, and determine whether the corresponding candidate structural parameters meet the design requirements based on the termination conditions, thereby determining the target structural parameters.

[0149] Through steps S501 to S505, the structural parameters of the heat exchanger can be iteratively optimized by simulating and calculating the parameters of the overall flight environmental control process. Simultaneously, the impact of heat exchanger mass on flight fuel consumption rate is fully considered, ensuring a balanced optimization between performance and energy, and maximizing flight resource conservation while guaranteeing heat exchange performance. Specific technical details for each step can be found in the above embodiments and will not be elaborated further here.

[0150] The above describes the specific implementation of the heat exchanger structure optimization method provided in this application embodiment. In the technical solution provided in this application embodiment, by iteratively optimizing the heat exchanger structural parameters in conjunction with environmental control system simulation and overall aircraft fuel consumption, a comprehensive design based on the overall performance of the aircraft is achieved. In this application embodiment, the heat exchanger mass is introduced into the environmental control simulation process, fully considering the overall impact of the heat exchanger hardware mass on the environmental control process and flight fuel consumption.

[0151] Furthermore, this application comprehensively considers and optimizes the overall flight performance through overall simulation and calculation of the flight control process, thereby improving the actual optimization effect and practicality of the heat exchanger parameters. During the optimization process, this application simultaneously balances the weight effect and heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger, ensuring that the final determined heat exchanger structure meets both environmental and temperature control requirements while effectively reducing its impact on aircraft fuel consumption. This achieves an optimal balance between weight, thermal management, and flight energy consumption at the system level.

[0152] Based on the heat exchanger structure optimization method provided in the above embodiments, this application also provides an embodiment of a heat exchanger structure optimization device.

[0153] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a heat exchanger structure optimization device provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0154] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, this application embodiment also provides a heat exchanger structure optimization device 600, applied to electronic equipment. The heat exchanger structure optimization device 600 includes: The parameter determination module 601 is used to determine the structural parameters to be selected based on a preset range of heat exchanger structural parameters. The environmental control simulation module 602 is used to perform multiple rounds of aircraft environmental control simulation based on the candidate structural parameters and preset environmental control simulation parameters, and to determine the heat exchanger mass and simulated heat transfer of the heat exchanger simulation model corresponding to the candidate structural parameters in each round of environmental control simulation. The data determination module 603 is used to determine the flight fuel consumption rate for each round of environmental control simulation based on the heat exchanger mass and aircraft structural parameters for that round, and to determine the simulated environmental control temperature for that round based on the simulated heat exchange. The index determination module 604 is used to determine the environmental control performance index for this round based on the flight fuel consumption rate, simulated environmental control temperature and simulated heat exchange, and to optimize the candidate structural parameters for this round based on the environmental control performance index to obtain the candidate structural parameters for the next round. The parameter selection module 605 is used to determine the target structural parameters based on multiple environmental control performance indicators and preset optimization termination conditions.

[0155] In some embodiments, the parameter determination module 601 described above is specifically used for: Based on preset genetic algorithm parameters, a genetic algorithm is applied to the range of heat exchanger structural parameters to determine a variety of heat exchanger structural parameters. The range of heat exchanger structural parameters includes at least the following: fin spacing range, plate spacing range, fin thickness range, seal thickness range, baffle thickness range, fin length range, number of fin layers range, number of fins per layer range, number of fluid channels range, hot fluid flow length range, cold fluid flow length range, and heat exchanger height range. Based on various heat exchanger structural parameters, parameter combinations are made to determine at least one set of structural parameter combinations as candidate structural parameters. Each set of structural parameter combinations includes at least: fin spacing, plate spacing, fin thickness, seal thickness, baffle thickness, fin length, number of fin layers, number of fins per layer, number of fluid flow channels, hot fluid flow length, cold fluid flow length, and heat exchanger height.

[0156] In some embodiments, the environmental control simulation module 602 described above is specifically used for: For each round of environmental control simulation, the heat exchanger mass of the heat exchanger simulation model in that round is calculated based on the candidate structural parameters. Furthermore, based on the candidate structural parameters and environmental control simulation parameters, environmental control simulation is performed on the heat exchanger simulation model to determine the simulated mass flow rate of the heat exchanger simulation model in that round. Determine the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger simulation model, and calculate the simulated heat transfer of the heat exchanger simulation model in this cycle based on the heat transfer coefficient, the selected structural parameters, and the simulated mass flow rate.

[0157] In some embodiments, the environmental control simulation module 602 described above is specifically used for: Based on the initial mass flow rate, the parameters of the candidate structure, and the environmental control simulation parameters, the frictional pressure drop and acceleration pressure drop corresponding to the initial mass flow rate are determined. The frictional pressure drop includes the normal pressure drop and the singular pressure drop. Calculate the pressure loss based on the frictional pressure drop and the acceleration pressure drop, and determine the actual mass flow rate corresponding to the initial mass flow rate based on the pressure loss. Determine whether the difference between the actual mass flow rate and the initial mass flow rate meets the preset difference threshold. If so, determine the actual mass flow rate as the simulated mass flow rate of the heat exchanger simulation model in this round; If not, adjust the initial mass flow rate, and re-execute the steps to determine the frictional pressure drop and acceleration pressure drop corresponding to the initial mass flow rate based on the initial mass flow rate, the candidate structure parameters, and the environmental control simulation parameters.

[0158] In some embodiments, the heat exchanger simulation model is a single-phase heat exchanger simulation model, and the environmental control simulation parameters include the fluid viscosity of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model; The aforementioned environmental control simulation module 602 is specifically used for: Based on the initial mass flow rate and the selected structural parameters, the mass flow rate of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated, and based on the selected structural parameters and fluid viscosity, the single-phase pressure drop loss coefficient of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated. Based on the mass flow rate, the selected structural parameters, and the fluid viscosity, the single-phase Reynolds number of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated, and the friction factor of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model is determined based on the single-phase Reynolds number. Based on the selected structural parameters and friction factor, the conventional pressure drop of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated, and the singular pressure drop of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated based on the selected structural parameters and single-phase pressure drop loss coefficient.

[0159] In some embodiments, the heat exchanger simulation model is a two-phase heat exchanger simulation model, and the environmental control simulation parameters include the liquid phase viscosity and gas phase viscosity of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model; The aforementioned environmental control simulation module 602 is specifically used for: The homogeneous viscosity of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is determined based on the liquid phase viscosity and the gas phase viscosity. Based on the initial mass flow rate and the selected structural parameters, the mass flow rate of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated, and based on the selected structural parameters and homogeneous viscosity, the two-phase pressure drop loss coefficient of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated. Based on the mass flow rate, the selected structural parameters, and the homogeneous viscosity, the two-phase Reynolds number of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated, and the friction factor of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is determined based on the two-phase Reynolds number. Based on the selected structural parameters and friction factor, the conventional pressure drop of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated, and the singular pressure drop of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated based on the selected structural parameters and two-phase pressure drop loss coefficient.

[0160] In some embodiments, the heat exchanger simulation model is a single-phase heat exchanger simulation model, and the environmental control simulation parameters include the fluid thermal conductivity and fluid viscosity of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model; The aforementioned environmental control simulation module 602 is specifically used for: When the fluid flow state of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model is single-phase laminar flow, the single-phase heat transfer coefficient of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated based on the selected structural parameters, fluid thermal conductivity and preset laminar Nusselt number. When the fluid flow is in single-phase turbulent condition, the single-phase heat transfer coefficient of the simulation model of the single-phase heat exchanger is calculated using the Gnilinsky relation based on the selected structural parameters, fluid thermal conductivity, and fluid viscosity.

[0161] In some embodiments, the heat exchanger simulation model is a two-phase heat exchanger simulation model, and the environmental control simulation parameters include the liquid phase parameters, gas phase parameters, temperature parameters, and pressure parameters of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model; The aforementioned environmental control simulation module 602 is specifically used for: In the case of condensation heat transfer in a two-phase heat exchanger simulation model, the liquid phase heat transfer coefficient of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated based on the liquid phase parameters and the selected structural parameters. Based on the liquid phase heat transfer coefficient and pressure parameters, the condensation two-phase heat transfer coefficient of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated using the Sachs correlation. In the case of boiling heat transfer in a two-phase heat exchanger simulation model, the nucleus boiling heat transfer coefficient of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated based on liquid phase parameters, gas phase parameters, temperature parameters, and pressure parameters, and the liquid phase heat transfer coefficient is calculated based on liquid phase parameters and candidate structural parameters. Based on the liquid phase parameters and gas phase parameters, the boiling flow mass coefficient is calculated, and based on the boiling flow mass coefficient, the inhibition factor for the nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient and the enhancement factor for the liquid phase heat transfer coefficient are determined. Based on the nucleus boiling heat transfer coefficient, liquid phase heat transfer coefficient, inhibition factor, and enhancement factor, the boiling two-phase heat transfer coefficient of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated using the Chen correlation.

[0162] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned index determination module 604 is specifically used for: The temperature difference between the simulated and expected ambient temperatures is determined as the temperature loss, and the heat exchange difference between the simulated and expected heat exchange is determined as the heat exchange loss. Based on preset loss weights, the flight fuel consumption rate, temperature loss, and heat exchange loss are weighted and summed to obtain the environmental control performance index for this round. The environmental control performance index is calculated using the following formula: Among them, for each round of environmental control simulation, The environmental control performance indicators for this round, This represents the flight fuel consumption rate for this round. To simulate ambient temperature, For the expected ambient temperature, For temperature loss, To simulate heat exchange, For the expected heat exchange, To reduce heat loss, , as well as The preset loss weights.

[0163] In some embodiments, the parameter selection module 605 is specifically used for: When the number of environmental control simulation rounds reaches a threshold, the candidate structural parameter corresponding to the environmental control performance index with the smallest difference from the preset index threshold among multiple environmental control performance indicators is selected as the target structural parameter, or... If, among multiple environmental control performance indicators, the difference between the indicators in a predetermined number of consecutive rounds is less than a predetermined threshold, then the candidate structural parameter corresponding to the environmental control performance indicator with the smallest difference from the predetermined threshold among the predetermined number of consecutive rounds is selected as the target structural parameter. For each environmental control performance index, if the flight fuel consumption rate corresponding to the environmental control performance index is less than or equal to the preset fuel consumption rate threshold, the candidate structural parameter corresponding to the environmental control performance index is taken as the target structural parameter.

[0164] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a terminal device provided in yet another embodiment of this application.

[0165] The terminal device may include a processor 701 and a memory 702 storing computer program instructions.

[0166] Specifically, the processor 701 may include a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits that can be configured to implement the embodiments of this application.

[0167] Memory 702 may include mass storage for data or instructions. For example, and not limitingly, memory 702 may include a hard disk drive (HDD), floppy disk drive, flash memory, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, magnetic tape, or Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive, or a combination of two or more of these. Where appropriate, memory 702 may include removable or non-removable (or fixed) media. Where appropriate, memory 702 may be internal or external to the integrated gateway disaster recovery device. In a particular embodiment, memory 702 is non-volatile solid-state memory.

[0168] In a specific embodiment, the memory 702 can be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), static storage device, dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 702 can store the operating system and other application programs. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented through software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 702 and is called and executed by the processor 701. The processor 701 reads and executes the computer program instructions stored in the memory 702 to implement any of the heat exchanger structure optimization methods in the above embodiments.

[0169] In one example, the terminal device may also include a communication interface 703 and a bus 710. Wherein, as... Figure 7 As shown, the processor 701, memory 702, and communication interface 703 are connected through bus 710 and complete communication with each other.

[0170] The communication interface 703 is mainly used to realize communication between various modules, devices, units and / or equipment in the embodiments of this application.

[0171] Bus 710 includes hardware, software, or both, that couples components of an online data traffic metering device together. For example, and not limitingly, the bus may include an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) or other graphics bus, an Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, a Front Side Bus (FSB), HyperTransport (HT) interconnect, an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, an Infinite Bandwidth Interconnect, a Low Pin Count (LPC) bus, a memory bus, a Microchannel Architecture (MCA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, a PCI-Express (PCI-X) bus, a Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) bus, a Video Electronics Standards Association Local (VLB) bus, or other suitable buses, or combinations of two or more of these. Where appropriate, bus 710 may include one or more buses. Although specific buses are described and illustrated in embodiments of this application, any suitable bus or interconnect is contemplated herein.

[0172] Furthermore, in conjunction with the heat exchanger structure optimization methods in the above embodiments, this application embodiment can provide a computer storage medium for implementation. The computer storage medium stores computer program instructions; when these computer program instructions are executed by a processor, they implement any of the heat exchanger structure optimization methods in the above embodiments.

[0173] The computer-readable medium of this embodiment includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage can be implemented by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transfer medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device.

[0174] The computer instructions stored in the storage medium of the above embodiments are used to cause the computer to execute the heat exchanger structure optimization method as described in any of the above embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0175] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed, implements any of the heat exchanger structure optimization methods described in the above embodiments.

[0176] It should be clarified that this application is not limited to the specific configurations and processes described above and shown in the figures. For the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of known methods are omitted here. In the above embodiments, several specific steps are described and shown as examples. However, the method process of this application is not limited to the specific steps described and shown. Those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications, and additions, or change the order of steps, after understanding the spirit of this application.

[0177] The functional blocks shown in the above-described structural diagram can be implemented as hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. When implemented in hardware, they can be, for example, electronic circuits, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), appropriate firmware, plug-ins, function cards, etc. When implemented in software, the elements of this application are programs or code segments used to perform the required tasks. Programs or code segments can be stored on a machine-readable medium or transmitted over a transmission medium or communication link via data signals carried on a carrier wave. "Machine-readable medium" can include any medium capable of storing or transmitting information. Examples of machine-readable media include electronic circuits, semiconductor memory devices, ROM, flash memory, erasable ROM (EROM), floppy disks, CD-ROMs, optical disks, hard disks, fiber optic media, radio frequency (RF) links, etc. Code segments can be downloaded via computer networks such as the Internet, intranets, etc.

[0178] It should also be noted that the exemplary embodiments mentioned in this application describe methods or systems based on a series of steps or apparatus. However, this application is not limited to the order of the above steps; that is, the steps can be performed in the order mentioned in the embodiments, or in a different order, or several steps can be performed simultaneously.

[0179] The aspects of this disclosure have been described above with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this disclosure. It should be understood that each block in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine such that these instructions, executable via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, enable the implementation of the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Such a processor can be, but is not limited to, a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a special application processor, or a field-programmable logic circuit. It is also understood that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can also be implemented by special-purpose hardware performing the specified functions or actions, or can be implemented by a combination of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.

[0180] The above description is merely a specific implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, modules, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the structure of a heat exchanger, characterized in that, include: Based on the preset range of heat exchanger structural parameters, determine the possible structural parameters; Based on the candidate structural parameters and the preset environmental control simulation parameters, multiple rounds of aircraft environmental control simulation are performed to determine the heat exchanger mass and simulated heat transfer of the heat exchanger simulation model corresponding to the candidate structural parameters in each round of environmental control simulation. For each round of environmental control simulation, the flight fuel consumption rate for that round is determined based on the heat exchanger mass and aircraft structural parameters, and the simulated environmental control temperature for that round is determined based on the simulated heat exchange. Based on the flight fuel consumption rate, the simulated environmental control temperature, and the simulated heat exchange, the environmental control performance index for this round is determined, and the candidate structural parameters for this round are optimized according to the environmental control performance index to obtain the candidate structural parameters for the next round. Based on multiple environmental control performance indicators and preset optimization termination conditions, the target structural parameters are determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the preset range of heat exchanger structural parameters, the candidate structural parameters are determined, including: Based on preset genetic algorithm parameters, a genetic algorithm is applied to the range of heat exchanger structural parameters to determine a variety of heat exchanger structural parameters. The range of heat exchanger structural parameters includes at least: fin spacing range, plate spacing range, fin thickness range, seal thickness range, baffle thickness range, fin length range, number of fin layers range, number of fins per layer range, number of fluid channels range, hot fluid flow length range, cold fluid flow length range, and heat exchanger height range. Based on the various heat exchanger structural parameters, at least one set of structural parameter combinations is determined as the candidate structural parameters. Each set of structural parameter combinations includes at least: fin spacing, plate spacing, fin thickness, seal thickness, baffle thickness, fin length, number of fin layers, number of fins per layer, number of fluid channels, hot fluid flow length, cold fluid flow length, and heat exchanger height.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the candidate structural parameters and preset aircraft operating parameters, multiple rounds of aircraft environmental control simulation are performed to determine the heat exchanger mass and simulated heat transfer of the heat exchanger simulation model corresponding to the candidate structural parameters in each round of environmental control simulation, including: For each round of environmental control simulation, the heat exchanger mass of the heat exchanger simulation model in that round is calculated based on the candidate structure parameters, and environmental control simulation is performed on the heat exchanger simulation model based on the candidate structure parameters and the environmental control simulation parameters to determine the simulated mass flow rate of the heat exchanger simulation model in that round. The heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger simulation model is determined, and the simulated heat transfer of the heat exchanger simulation model in this cycle is calculated based on the heat transfer coefficient, the candidate structural parameters, and the simulated mass flow rate.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the candidate structural parameters and the environmental control simulation parameters, an environmental control simulation is performed on the heat exchanger simulation model to determine the simulated mass flow rate of the heat exchanger simulation model in this round, including: Based on the initial mass flow rate, the candidate structure parameters, and the environmental control simulation parameters, the frictional pressure drop and acceleration pressure drop corresponding to the initial mass flow rate are determined, and the frictional pressure drop includes the normal pressure drop and the singular pressure drop. Based on the frictional pressure drop and the acceleration pressure drop, calculate the pressure loss, and based on the pressure loss, determine the actual mass flow rate corresponding to the initial mass flow rate; Determine whether the flow difference between the actual mass flow rate and the initial mass flow rate meets a preset difference threshold. If so, the actual mass flow rate is determined to be the simulated mass flow rate of the heat exchanger simulation model in that round; If not, adjust the initial mass flow rate, and re-execute the steps of determining the frictional pressure drop and acceleration pressure drop corresponding to the initial mass flow rate based on the initial mass flow rate, the candidate structure parameters, and the environmental control simulation parameters for the adjusted initial mass flow rate.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heat exchanger simulation model is a single-phase heat exchanger simulation model, and the environmental control simulation parameters include the fluid viscosity of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model. Based on the initial mass flow rate, the candidate structure parameters, and the environmental control simulation parameters, the frictional pressure drop corresponding to the initial mass flow rate is determined, including: Based on the initial mass flow rate and the candidate structural parameters, the mass flow rate of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated, and based on the candidate structural parameters and the fluid viscosity, the single-phase pressure drop loss coefficient of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated. Based on the mass flow rate, the selected structural parameters, and the fluid viscosity, the single-phase Reynolds number of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated, and the friction factor of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model is determined based on the single-phase Reynolds number. The conventional pressure drop of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated based on the candidate structural parameters and the friction factor, and the singular pressure drop of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated based on the candidate structural parameters and the single-phase pressure drop loss coefficient.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heat exchanger simulation model is a two-phase heat exchanger simulation model, and the environmental control simulation parameters include the liquid phase viscosity and gas phase viscosity of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model. Based on the initial mass flow rate, the candidate structure parameters, and the environmental control simulation parameters, the frictional pressure drop corresponding to the initial mass flow rate is determined, including: Based on the liquid phase viscosity and gas phase viscosity, the homogeneous viscosity of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is determined; Based on the initial mass flow rate and the candidate structural parameters, the mass flow rate of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated, and based on the candidate structural parameters and the homogeneous viscosity, the two-phase pressure drop loss coefficient of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated. Based on the mass flow rate, the candidate structural parameters, and the homogeneous viscosity, the two-phase Reynolds number of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated, and the friction factor of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is determined based on the two-phase Reynolds number. The conventional pressure drop of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated based on the candidate structural parameters and the friction factor, and the singular pressure drop of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated based on the candidate structural parameters and the two-phase pressure drop loss coefficient.

7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heat exchanger simulation model is a single-phase heat exchanger simulation model, and the environmental control simulation parameters include the fluid thermal conductivity and fluid viscosity of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model. Determining the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger simulation model includes: When the fluid flow state of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model is single-phase laminar flow, the single-phase heat transfer coefficient of the single-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated based on the selected structural parameters, the fluid thermal conductivity, and the preset laminar Nusselt number. When the fluid flow state is single-phase turbulent, the single-phase heat transfer coefficient of the simulation model of the single-phase heat exchanger is calculated using the Gnilinsky relation based on the candidate structural parameters, the fluid thermal conductivity, and the fluid viscosity.

8. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heat exchanger simulation model is a two-phase heat exchanger simulation model, and the environmental control simulation parameters include the liquid phase parameters, gas phase parameters, temperature parameters, and pressure parameters of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model. Determining the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger simulation model includes: When the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is used for condensation heat transfer, the liquid phase heat transfer coefficient of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated based on the liquid phase parameters and the selected structural parameters. Based on the liquid phase heat transfer coefficient and the pressure parameters, the condensation two-phase heat transfer coefficient of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated using the Sachs correlation. When the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is subjected to boiling heat transfer, the nucleus boiling heat transfer coefficient of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated based on the liquid phase parameters, the gas phase parameters, the temperature parameters, and the pressure parameters, and the liquid phase heat transfer coefficient is calculated based on the liquid phase parameters and the candidate structure parameters. Based on the liquid phase parameters and the gas phase parameters, the boiling flow mass coefficient is calculated, and based on the boiling flow mass coefficient, an inhibition factor for the nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient and an enhancement factor for the liquid phase heat transfer coefficient are determined. Based on the nucleus boiling heat transfer coefficient, the liquid phase heat transfer coefficient, the inhibition factor, and the enhancement factor, the boiling two-phase heat transfer coefficient of the two-phase heat exchanger simulation model is calculated using the Chen correlation.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the flight fuel consumption rate, the simulated environmental control temperature, and the simulated heat exchange, the environmental control performance indicators for this round are determined, including: The temperature difference between the simulated ambient temperature and the expected ambient temperature is determined as the temperature loss, and the heat exchange difference between the simulated heat exchange and the expected heat exchange is determined as the heat exchange loss. Based on preset loss weights, the flight fuel consumption rate, the temperature loss, and the heat exchange loss are weighted and summed to obtain the environmental control performance index for this round. The environmental control performance index is calculated using the following formula: Among them, for each round of environmental control simulation, The environmental control performance indicators for this round, This represents the flight fuel consumption rate for this round. The simulated ambient temperature, The expected ambient temperature. For the temperature loss, For the simulated heat exchange, For the expected heat exchange, For the heat exchange loss, , as well as The preset loss weight is used.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on multiple environmental control performance indicators and preset optimization termination conditions, the target structural parameters are determined, including: When the number of environmental control simulation rounds reaches a threshold, the candidate structural parameter corresponding to the environmental control performance index with the smallest difference from the preset index threshold among multiple environmental control performance indicators is selected as the target structural parameter, or If, among the multiple environmental control performance indicators, the difference between the environmental control performance indicators in a predetermined number of consecutive rounds is less than a predetermined difference threshold, then the candidate structural parameter corresponding to the environmental control performance indicator with the smallest difference from the predetermined difference threshold among the predetermined number of consecutive rounds is selected as the target structural parameter. For each of the environmental control performance indicators, if the flight fuel consumption rate corresponding to the environmental control performance indicator is less than or equal to a preset fuel consumption rate threshold, the candidate structural parameter corresponding to the environmental control performance indicator is taken as the target structural parameter.

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