Heat-fluid-solid coupling analysis method in carburizing and quenching process

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of carburizing and quenching heat-fluid-solid coupling in the heat treatment process, in particular to a heat-fluid-solid coupling analysis method for the gear carburizing and quenching process, according to the method, a carburizing module compiles a DFLUX carburizing subprogram according to the actual carburizing process, and multi-analysis-step setting is carried out through Abaqus. Abaqus is adopted for quenching solid domain calculation, a carbon concentration result obtained after carburization in the previous step is guided into a quenching module through an initial state variable quantum program SDVINI to serve as an initial state for calculation, Fluent is adopted for quenching fluid domain calculation, and finally coupling calculation is conducted on a fluid domain and solid domain heat exchange interface through an MpCCI platform. According to the method, the carburizing and quenching process of the part is truly simulated by establishing the heat-fluid-solid coupling model, the influence relation of carbon concentration on structure transformation after carburizing is introduced, the barrier that heat transfer calculation needs to be conducted by setting a heat transfer coefficient in previous quenching analogue simulation is broken through, and carburizing and quenching analogue simulation is more diversified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of heat treatment numerical simulation technology, specifically relating to a thermal-fluid-structure interaction analysis method for gear carburizing and quenching process. Background Technology

[0002] Gears, as one of the most basic transmission components, are an indispensable part of the equipment manufacturing industry. With the continuous development of new energy industries, aerospace, automobiles, wind power, and other fields, the manufacturing and service requirements for gears are constantly increasing. Heat treatment, as the latter half of gear manufacturing, is an essential process in modern gear manufacturing and a crucial factor determining gear performance and quality. Heat treatment methods such as carburizing (nitriding) and quenching are commonly used to alter the gear's microstructure and stress changes, increasing the surface hardness of the gear teeth and giving the core a certain degree of toughness, thereby meeting the requirements for production and use.

[0003] Computer simulation of the carburizing and quenching process has become an economical and important tool for predicting the temperature field, microstructure, and mechanical properties of quenched parts. However, many problems still hinder its application. Existing multi-process simulations are mostly limited to single-process simulations, and quenching simulations primarily treat the workpiece as a single object, using the heat transfer coefficient between the quenching medium and the workpiece as a dynamic thermal boundary condition. The heat transfer coefficient is a function of the part surface temperature, the quenching medium temperature, and the medium's agitation, and is influenced by numerous factors. Therefore, obtaining the heat transfer coefficient, its accuracy, and its applicable scenarios are all significant challenges, directly affecting the accuracy of the results. In actual production, trial and error and redundancy methods are the most common solutions, but these methods require multiple rounds of production to ensure process reliability, incurring considerable time and economic costs.

[0004] Chinese patent application (application number 201911127783.9) relates to a fluid-structure interaction calculation method based on bidirectional data exchange at the interface. It achieves data coupling and exchange analysis between the fluid domain (Fluent) and the solid domain (Abaqus) using MPCCI, solving the problem of coupled hydraulic and structural calculations in engineering. However, this method does not address the coupled calculation of the flow field and temperature field, nor the interaction between the structure's own temperature field, microstructure field, and stress-strain field.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, we propose a thermo-fluid-structure interaction simulation modeling and analysis method for gear carburizing and quenching. By considering the influence of carbon content on microstructure transformation after carburizing, this method abandons the complex process of traditional quenching models that rely on heat transfer coefficients for heat transfer calculations, thus making the carburizing and quenching simulation more diversified. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the problem of heat transfer coefficient measurement in quenching simulation, this invention provides a coupled analysis method based on MpCCI multi-field action that considers the influence of carbon concentration on the microstructure transformation during quenching. It also realizes direct coupled simulation of quenching medium and quenched workpiece, overcoming the limitation of heat transfer coefficient in traditional quenching simulation.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0008] A three-dimensional model of the carburized and quenched component is established and meshed with a finite element mesh. The carburizing model is preprocessed according to the actual carburizing process. The carburizing process is described according to Fick's second law. Multiple analysis steps, boundary and load conditions are set according to the process. Finally, the carburizing simulation is performed, and the carbon concentration of each element of the component after carburizing is exported.

[0009] Preprocessing of the carburizing and quenching solid domain simulation model: The carbon concentration value obtained in the previous step is imported into the quenching part as the initial condition value through the Abaqus subroutine compilation interface. The thermophysical and mechanical properties of the part are defined and the analysis steps are set. Constraints and initial quenching temperatures are applied to the structural solid elements and set on the coupling surface of the fluid domain. Finally, the output job file is saved.

[0010] Preprocessing of the fluid domain elements: Establish a 3D model of the quenching tank and quenching device, perform fluid domain filling and Boolean operations, then mesh the fluid domain, apply boundary constraints and load constraints to the fluid domain model, and perform fluid dynamics analysis; the total analysis time and single step size of the fluid domain should be consistent with the total analysis time and single step size of the quenching solid domain set earlier to ensure the transfer of solution data between the two, and finally save the output job file;

[0011] Import the output structural solid domain job file and fluid domain job file into MpCCI for coupled analysis.

[0012] MpCCI maps the wall heat flux density and temperature data calculated by Fluent from Fluent's mesh nodes to the coupling surface nodes in Abaqus and uses them as thermal loads and temperature boundary conditions for thermal coupling analysis of the solid domain. The calculated coupling surface temperature data is then mapped from the nodes back to Fluent's wall mesh nodes to update the fluid domain temperature field calculation. This cycle is repeated to avoid calculating the heat transfer coefficient and achieve coupling of the temperature fields between the fluid and solid.

[0013] In the thermo-fluid-structure interaction model, the finite volume method is used to discretize the flow field, and the finite element method is used to calculate the coupled temperature and stress fields of the component. The wall function method is used in combination with MPCCI software to realize the coupling calculation of the fluid-solid interface, achieve the heat flux balance of the fluid-solid interface, avoid the complex heat transfer coefficient measurement and calculation process, overcome the problem of difficult determination of dynamic thermal boundary conditions, and solve the coupling relationship between the flow field, temperature field, stress field and microstructure field. Based on the thermo-fluid-structure interaction model, the changes of various physical fields of the workpiece during quenching can be analyzed more intuitively.

[0014] The coupling of temperature field, stress field, and microstructure field in the above steps is achieved by using the finite element method to discretize and solve the evolution law of each physical field of the quenched workpiece within the theoretical framework of Fourier heat transfer equation, phase transformation dynamics, and elastoplastic mechanics.

[0015] Discrete solution of the flow field is performed within the theoretical framework of fluid control equations and Euler multiphase flow. The quenching medium is discretized using the finite volume method. Considering boiling, the functions of temperature, velocity and time are obtained.

[0016] After the coupled calculation is complete, open the generated odb file in the Abaqus visualization module to view the calculation results and perform post-processing as needed.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] This invention, taking into account the influence of carbon concentration on microstructure transformation, uses the MpCCI multi-field coupling analysis method to perform coupled calculations on the established structural solid domain quenching simulation model and fluid domain quenching simulation model. This avoids the step of setting the heat transfer coefficient as the boundary condition, and realizes direct heat transfer between the quenching medium and the workpiece. It allows for a more intuitive observation of the influence of changes in the flow field on various physical fields of the workpiece. Experimental data is used to optimize the simulation effect, and the simulation is then used to guide process optimization and ultimately guide actual heat treatment production. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal-fluid-structure interaction analysis method for the carburizing and quenching process of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the finite element mesh generation for the spiral bevel gear model in the embodiment;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the heat treatment process;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a diagram of multi-field coupling interactions;

[0023] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of MpCCI data interaction calculation

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of wall-coupled heat transfer.

[0025] Figure 7 A streamline diagram of fluid velocity;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the heat treatment process equipment; Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] This invention provides a simulation analysis method for the carburizing and quenching process based on the multi-field coupling effect of MpCCI. Figure 1 As shown, this method considers the effect of carbon concentration on microstructure transformation and is suitable for simulation of carburizing and quenching of parts in industrial manufacturing. The specific steps are as follows:

[0029] In this embodiment, a 20-tooth spiral bevel gear with a module of 2 is used as an example to establish the following... Figure 2 The three-dimensional gear model shown is meshed using Hypermesh to create a finite element mesh for the solid domain. To achieve better carburizing effect and faster calculation speed, the surface mesh of the tooth profile is refined and then imported into Abaqus for carburizing simulation.

[0030] according to Figure 3 The carburizing process flow shown is configured with multiple analytical steps, and the carburizing model is described using Fick's second law:

[0031] In the formula, C is the carbon concentration; x, y, z are functions of diffusion displacement and time t; D is the diffusion coefficient, which mainly depends on the carbon concentration, temperature, and alloying elements, and can be calculated by the following empirical formula:

[0032] In the formula, C is the carbon concentration; T is the carburizing temperature; and R is the gas constant, 8.314 J·mol⁻¹. -1 K -1 The value q is related to the material and can be calculated using the following formula (the content of each element is expressed as a weight percentage wt%): q = 1 + (0.15 + 0.033Si)Si - 0.0365Mn - (0.13 + 0.005Cr)Cr + (0.03+0.03365Ni)Ni-(0.025+0.01Mo)Mo-(0.03-0.02Al)Al- (0.016+0.0014Cu)Cu-(0.22+0.01V)V

[0033] Export the carbon concentration values ​​of each unit in the carburized component, and write an Abaqus subroutine to import the carbon concentration values ​​of each unit into the quenched component as initial state variables.

[0034] Preprocessing of the solid domain model of the quenched structure: Set up a temperature-displacement coupling analysis step according to the calculation requirements, and define material properties including: density, elasticity, plasticity, specific heat, conductivity, expansion, latent heat, etc.

[0035] Based on the actual quenching operation, a fixed load is applied to the bottom of the gear, the coupling contact surface is set, and the initial quenching temperature is set, and finally the operation file is generated.

[0036] The phase transition process is constructed using the Avrami equation, expressed as follows: V = 1 - exp(bt) n )

[0037] In the formula: V is the volume fraction of the phase transitioned; t is the time after the phase transition begins; b and n are the phase transition correlation coefficients.

[0038] The internal temperature distribution of the gear was solved using the Fourier three-dimensional heat conduction equation:

[0039] In the formula, λ is the thermal conductivity of the workpiece; T is the instantaneous temperature of the workpiece; ρ is the density of the workpiece; C P t is the specific heat capacity of the workpiece; t is time; Q is the latent heat generated during the phase change process.

[0040] In numerical simulations of heat treatment of hardened tooth surfaces, it is generally assumed that the total strain rate is the sum of the strain rates of each individual event. Therefore, the total strain increment mainly consists of the thermal strain increment, elastic strain increment, plastic strain increment, and phase transformation and phase transformation plasticity increment.

[0041] In the formula: This represents the elastic strain increment; This represents the thermal strain increment. This represents the increment of plastic strain. These are the phase transformation strain increment and the phase transformation plastic strain increment, respectively.

[0042] Create a 3D model of the quenching tank and quenching device, import the assembled 3D model into Fluent's DesignModel, and mesh the model in Fluent according to the actual situation. If the model is complex, the fluid domain model can be finely meshed in Hypermesh and then imported into Fluent. Check the mesh quality and boundary definition to ensure that the fluid mesh and boundary definition are usable.

[0043] Preprocessing of the fluid domain model: Filling the fluid domain portion of the model, performing Boolean operations to divide the fluid domain, and naming the walls and components;

[0044] In the analysis step, select transient analysis and set the gravity parameters. Taking into account the solution requirements such as computational load, convergence and computational accuracy, the standard k-ε turbulence model is adopted for the quenching cooling medium flow problem. The energy equation is opened, the fluid domain parameters are set, the temperature module is selected for the coupling surface, the inlet velocity is set to 2m / s, and the default outlet pressure is set as the outlet boundary condition.

[0045] Apply fluid boundary constraints and load constraints to the fluid domain, set the total analysis time and analysis step size corresponding to the solid domain, select the coupled solver, and finally generate the job file.

[0046] The k-ε turbulence model is expressed by the following equation:

[0047] In the formula, C μ C ε1 C ε2 σ k σ ε is a constant, and is taken as 0.009, 1.44, 1.92, 1.0, and 1.3 respectively.

[0048] Import the generated structural solid model data file and fluid domain model data file into MpCCI for coupled solution analysis.

[0049] In both the Abaqus and Fluent interfaces, select the configured coupling surface. Within the coupling region, set the physical quantities exchanged between the structural solid domain elements and the fluid domain elements, and select the bidirectional fluid-structure interaction data transmission mode, defining Abaqus as receive and Fluent as exchange. Data interaction is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, MpCCI maps the wall heat flux density and temperature data calculated by Fluent from Fluent's mesh nodes to the coupling surface nodes in Abaqus and uses them as thermal loads and temperature boundary conditions for thermal coupling analysis of the solid domain. The calculated coupling surface temperature data is then mapped from the nodes back to Fluent's wall mesh nodes to update the fluid domain temperature field calculation. This cycle is repeated to avoid calculating the heat transfer coefficient and achieve coupling of the temperature fields between the fluid and the solid.

[0050] When using MpCCI to connect Fluent and Abaqus for transient thermal-fluid-structure interaction calculations, the Fluent interface is used for calculation. After initializing the fluid domain, the calculation is started by clicking "calculate". Abaqus runs the calculation through a background script.

[0051] After the operation is complete, open the generated odb file through the Abaqus visualization interface to view and post-process the calculation results.

[0052] In one embodiment, the carburizing process is described through five analytical steps. Step 1 mainly sets the initial parameters of the component, including initial concentration, mass concentration, and initial temperature. Steps 2-5 are analytical steps set according to the carburizing process, such as carburizing time, carbon potential, and temperature. The total duration and step length can be customized according to the actual situation and environment, without limitation.

[0053] In one embodiment, the total analysis time of the quenched solid structure model should be consistent with the total analysis time of the fluid domain model. In this embodiment, the total analysis time is 100s. During water quenching, 100s can ensure that the temperature of the quenched part drops to the temperature of the quenching medium. It can also be customized according to the actual quenching situation and is not limited.

[0054] In one embodiment, to ensure that the temperature unit in Abaqus is °C, the absolute zero value needs to be set to -273.15 in the model.

[0055] Given the difficulty in measuring and calculating the heat transfer coefficient, an extended solution domain method is used to treat the heat transfer coefficient as a computational variable rather than a pre-defined variable in the thermal-fluid-structure interaction simulation of the quenching process. This method simultaneously solves the wall function equations, the transient heat conduction equations within the solid (i.e., the Fourier equations), and the standard k-ε governing equations within the fluid, enabling coupled calculations of heat transfer between the solid and fluid. The coupled calculations of the flow field and temperature field are performed using the finite volume method in Fluent, while the coupled calculations of the temperature field, stress field, and microstructure field are performed using the finite element method in Abaqus. MPCCI then combines the finite volume method and the finite element method; that is, after calculating the heat flux density at the fluid interface, the result is transferred to the solid region through mesh interpolation, completing a loop of temperature calculation results exchange between the finite element software and the finite volume software within one time step, thus achieving coupling of the temperature fields between the fluid and solid.

[0056] During the quenching and cooling process, convective heat transfer between the quenching medium and the workpiece only occurs at the fluid-solid interface. The interaction between the fluid and the solid wall is a coupled heat transfer with constantly changing thermal boundary conditions. The parameters such as temperature and heat flux at the interface are calculated results and cannot be preset. In fluid-solid flow heat transfer, the velocity and temperature change drastically near the wall, generating a very large gradient. The wall function method is often used to calculate coupled heat transfer because it saves computation time and storage space and allows consideration of special cases (wall roughness, pressure gradient, wall mass transfer, etc.). The wall function method is the most widely used method for fluid-solid coupled heat transfer.

[0057] To address the issue of significant velocity and temperature gradient variations near the wall, the wall function method is commonly used to calculate coupled heat transfer at the fluid-solid interface. The wall function is based on the logarithmic law to calculate the near-wall law. In heat transfer between the fluid and solid, a dimensionless distance y is introduced. p + and dimensionless temperature

[0058] In the formula C μ =0.9, which is a constant used in the standard k-ε turbulence model, and E is the wall roughness coefficient with a value of 9.79;

[0059] k is the turbulent energy; l is the length scale of the turbulence; v is the kinematic viscosity; y p u p k p T p C p These represent the distance from point P to the wall, the average velocity of the fluid along the wall, the turbulent energy (calculated according to the k-equation), the temperature at point P (in the model, it is assumed that the quenching medium is abundant and the temperature remains constant, so the temperature at point P is the quenching medium temperature), and the specific heat capacity (assuming the quenching medium temperature remains constant, so it is set as a constant of 4200 J / kg). -1 K -1 ); ρ is the fluid density; μ is the dynamic viscosity; τ w For the wall shear stress, T w q represents the wall temperature. w The heat flux to the wall; σ T is the Prandtl number for turbulence; P is the fluid pressure.

[0060] Turbulence can be a function of the fluid's average velocity and the intensity of turbulence.

[0061] Where I is the turbulence intensity, Re is the Reynolds number, and D is the turbulence intensity. H H is the diameter of the inlet water flow, H is the height of the cross-section, and W is the width of the cross-section.

[0062] q w The expression is as follows:

[0063] Substituting the equivalent thermal conductivity obtained from the formula into the following formula, the heat flux of the fluid flowing towards the wall can be calculated:

[0064] like Figure 6As shown, using wall functions to achieve heat exchange between fluid-solid coupling surfaces involves first determining parameters such as the equivalent thermal conductivity in empirical formulas through a near-wall point P. The heat flux from the fluid region interface to the solid interface can then be calculated using semi-empirical formulas. Substituting the heat flux output from the fluid region into the energy conservation equation allows for the calculation of the fluid temperature distribution at the next time step. Similarly, substituting the heat flux input into the solid region into the Fourier heat conduction equation allows for the calculation of the solid temperature distribution at the next time step. Finally, the calculated temperature of the coupling surface is substituted into the heat flux equation to achieve direct heat exchange at the fluid-solid coupling surface. Compared to traditional quenching models for single workpieces, this reduces the steps required to obtain the heat transfer coefficients between the workpiece and the quenching medium through numerous experiments.

[0065] In the coupled heat transfer between the quenching medium and the workpiece, the computational domain involves both fluid and solid components, and the solution methods differ for different regions. The solid domain is discretized using the Finite Element Method (FEM), and the discretized differential equations, such as the heat conduction equation, phase transition kinetic equation, and constitutive equation, are solved by combining the principles of extrema and interpolation. The fluid domain is discretized using the Finite Volume Method (FVM), and the discretized conservation equations, such as the energy conservation equation, momentum conservation equation, and mass conservation equation, are solved.

[0066] The imperfect matching of fluid-structure boundary meshes is due to the different physical properties and discretization methods of different solution domains. Therefore, direct data exchange between these different solution domains is impossible. Thus, an interpolation method is used to couple the physical quantities of the two regions, and data exchange is completed at the coupling interface. First, the continuous variable u on the coupling surface is discretized. s and u f (The subscripts s and f represent solid and fluid, respectively), and then Gaussian integrals are used to calculate the variables appearing at the fluid-structure interaction interface:

[0067] Where: N s and N f It is an interpolation shape function for the distribution of variables.

[0068] The variables at the fluid-structure interaction interface can be calculated using Gaussian integrals:

[0069] Where: n gp,j x is the number of Gaussian integration points in element j. g ;w g It calculates the weights of the product, Π s (x g,j ) is x g,jProjection from the fluid mesh to the structured mesh. During computation, each cell uses a Gaussian point. Because only linear and constant basis functions are used, the projection of the Gaussian point onto the structured mesh is achieved through minimum distance projection, which consists of an orthogonal projection with a minimum distance criterion and a search algorithm. This is also the interpolation method used by the commercial coupling library MPCCI (Mesh-based Parallel Code Coupling Interface).

[0070] The above examples are preferred embodiments of the results of this invention. The same effect can be achieved by simulating carburizing and quenching for other components. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by those skilled in the art based on this invention should be included within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A multi-field coupling analysis method for gear carburizing and quenching process, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Establish a carburizing simulation model A 3D gear model was created in SolidWorks and meshed using Hypermesh. The carburizing model was calculated using Abaqus, and Fick's second law was used to describe the actual carburizing process. Step 2: Establish a solid domain model for carburizing and quenching simulation Abaqus was used to preprocess the structural solid domain model, including importing carbon concentration, setting material parameters and analysis steps, and applying loads and constraints to the model elements in order to perform analysis and calculation of temperature field, microstructure field and stress-strain field. Step 3: Establish a simulation fluid domain model for carburizing and quenching. The fluid domain model is preprocessed using Fluent. The total time and step size of the analysis step should be adapted to the time step size of the solid domain. A suitable fluid dynamics model is selected, wall conditions and initial conditions are set, and the fluid domain mesh is generated. Step 4: Coupled Analysis of Fluid Domain and Solid Domain The pre-configured solid domain element data files and fluid domain element data files are imported into MpCCI for coupled analysis calculations of the quenching process. The finite volume method is used to discretize the flow field in the thermo-fluid-structure interaction model, and the coupled calculation of the component temperature field and stress field is achieved using the finite element method. The wall function method is used in conjunction with MpCCI software to realize the coupled calculation of the fluid-solid interface, achieve the heat flux balance of the fluid-solid interface, avoid the calculation process that requires heat transfer through the heat transfer coefficient, overcome the problem of difficulty in determining dynamic thermal boundary conditions, and solve the coupling relationship between the flow field, temperature field, stress field, and microstructure field. Based on the thermo-fluid-structure interaction model, the changes of each physical field during the workpiece quenching process can be analyzed more intuitively.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, To refine the mesh of the three-dimensional model of the carburized gear and make the simulation results closer to reality for research purposes, it is necessary to refine the mesh of the tooth profile surface layer to obtain a more ideal simulation effect.

3. The carburizing modeling and simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Actual carburizing processes involve multiple steps and conditions, so multiple carburizing analysis steps need to be established based on the actual process. However, Abaqus does not have a carburizing module, so the subroutine DFLUX needs to be written according to Fick's second law for the carburizing process.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preprocessing of the solid domain model for carburizing and quenching simulation includes: The carbon concentration values ​​of the carburized model are imported into the quenched solid domain model through the subroutine SDVINI as the initial conditions for quenching simulation. The thermal and mechanical material properties of the model are defined, the solid domain coupling surface is set (which must be completely consistent with the coordinates of the fluid domain coupling surface), constraints are applied to the solid domain elements and the initial quenching temperature is set, and finally the inp file is exported.

5. The method for thermal-fluid-structure interaction simulation modeling and experimentation of gear carburizing and quenching process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling of temperature and stress fields in step two is established within the theoretical framework of Fourier heat conduction equation, phase transition dynamics, and elastoplastic mechanics. The coupling relationship between temperature, stress, and microstructure is obtained by discretizing the quenched workpiece using the finite element method. However, Abaqus, as a large-scale general-purpose simulation software, relies on user-defined subroutines for the coupling calculation between various fields. Therefore, calculations for phase transition, latent heat of phase transition, and thermal expansion all need to be implemented through user-defined subroutines. In this invention, the coupling calculation between various physical fields in the solid domain is implemented through user-defined subroutines.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preprocessing of the simulated fluid domain model includes: The 3D modeling of the quenching tank and the flow guiding device is performed. The fluid domain is filled and Boolean operations are performed to set the heat transfer coupling surface. The fluid domain is meshed to obtain suitable mesh data.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling analysis settings for the fluid domain also include: Select the transient solver, set the gravity parameters to activate the energy equation, select the turbulence model, configure the boundary conditions, define the inlet, outlet, wall, and symmetry plane boundary types, set the turbulence parameters and associate them with the dynamic mesh parameters; select the coupling algorithm and analysis step size, and save the output CAS file.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of importing the data models of the structural solid domain and the fluid domain into MpCCI for coupled analysis includes: Run the MpCCI software, import the custom job file saved in the solid domain and the job file generated in the fluid domain on the main page respectively, set the physical quantities exchanged between the structural solid domain elements and the fluid domain elements in the coupling region, and select the data transmission mode for bidirectional fluid-structure coupling. In other words, MpCCI maps the wall heat flux density and temperature data calculated by Fluent from Fluent's mesh nodes to the coupling surface nodes in Abaqus and uses them as thermal loads and temperature boundary conditions for thermal coupling analysis of the solid domain. The calculated coupling surface temperature data is then mapped from the nodes back to Fluent's wall mesh nodes to update the fluid domain temperature field calculation. This cycle is repeated to avoid calculating the heat transfer coefficient and achieve coupling of the temperature fields between the fluid and the solid.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, After the coupled calculation is completed, the results of the solid domain calculations, such as temperature, stress, phase transformation, and hardness, can be viewed in the abaqus_run.odb file generated by the MpCCI script-driven Abaqus calculation. The results can then be post-processed as needed.

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