High-voltage transmission line deicing structure and deicing method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of power transmission line maintenance, and particularly relates to a high-voltage power transmission line deicing structure and a deicing method.The high-voltage power transmission line deicing structure comprises a power transmission line connected to a power transmission tower body, the power transmission tower body is connected with one ends of at least two insulator strings, and the other ends of the at least two insulator strings are connected with the power transmission line; the power transmission line between at least two insulator strings is a jumper segment, the power transmission line comprises an aluminum pipe, the periphery of the aluminum pipe is coated with a layered structure formed by twisting a plurality of strands of aluminum wires and steel cores, a branch pipeline is arranged on the side of the aluminum pipe of the jumper segment in parallel, and a hot air mechanism is arranged in the branch pipeline.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power transmission line maintenance, specifically relating to a de-icing structure and method for high-voltage power transmission lines. Background Technology

[0002] High-voltage transmission lines are the backbone of the power system. Especially in cold and humid regions (such as parts of southwest, northwest, and northern my country), icing on these lines in winter poses a significant threat to the safe operation of the power grid. When the temperature is around zero degrees Celsius and the humidity is high, supercooled water droplets or freezing rain in the air adhere to the cables, quickly condensing and accumulating into a thick layer of ice. Figure 4 As shown. This icing not only greatly increases the vertical load on the conductors, but also may cause violent mechanical vibrations (galloping) due to uneven icing or ice shedding, leading to broken conductor strands, damaged hardware, tilting of towers, or even collapse, resulting in large-scale and long-term power outages.

[0003] Currently, the main de-icing technologies for power transmission lines can be categorized as follows: Mechanical de-icing methods include manual knocking, pulley scraping, or robotic de-icing. While direct, these methods are inefficient, risky, heavily reliant on terrain and weather conditions, and prone to damaging the anti-corrosion layer or aluminum alloy stranded wires during the de-icing process. Therefore, they are unsuitable for large-scale, routine de-icing needs.

[0004] Current-based de-icing: This method involves applying a short-circuit current to the conductor, using the conductor's own resistance to generate heat and melt the ice. While technically mature, this method significantly impacts power grid operation, requires advance planning of power outages or load transfers, is complex to operate, consumes extremely high energy, and has limited effectiveness for large-section or low-resistance conductors (such as large-diameter aluminum tubular conductors), making it difficult to precisely control the de-icing zone.

[0005] Passive protection methods include coating the conductor surface with water-repellent and ice-repellent coatings, or installing snow rings or counterweights on the conductor. These methods mainly serve to delay icing or inhibit galloping. However, once a thick layer of ice forms, their protective effect is lost, and it is impossible to actively remove the ice that has already formed.

[0006] In particular, for large-section transmission lines with hollow aluminum tubular conductors or similar structures (such as expanded-diameter conductors or heat-resistant conductors used in some ultra-high-voltage lines) with diameters of 40-100mm, their structural characteristics make them more prone to forming thick, dense ice layers under specific meteorological conditions. Traditional current-based de-icing methods are ineffective on such lines due to their heating efficiency issues; mechanical methods are even more difficult due to the large line diameter and thick ice layer. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient, safe, targeted, and non-disruptive active de-icing solution. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the above problems, this invention provides a de-icing structure and method for high-voltage transmission lines.

[0008] The objective of this invention is achieved in the following manner: a de-icing structure for a high-voltage transmission line, comprising a transmission line 2 connected to a transmission tower 1, wherein at least two insulator strings 11 are connected to one end of the transmission tower 1, the other end of the at least two insulator strings 11 is connected to the transmission line 2, the transmission line 2 between the at least two insulator strings 11 is a jumper segment 21, the transmission line 2 includes an aluminum tube 22, the outer periphery of the aluminum tube 22 is covered with a layered structure of multiple strands of aluminum wire 23 and steel core 24 twisted together, and a branch pipe 3 is provided in parallel on the side of the aluminum tube 22 of the jumper segment 21, wherein a hot air mechanism 4 is provided in the branch pipe 3.

[0009] Furthermore, the hot air mechanism 4 includes an electric heating wire 41 fixedly connected to the branch pipe 3, and a fan 42 is also fixedly connected to the branch pipe 3.

[0010] Furthermore, the fan 42 is an axial flow fan.

[0011] Furthermore, both ends of the branch pipe 3 are connected to the aluminum pipe 22, and a sealing structure 25 is provided inside the aluminum pipe 22 between the two ends of the branch pipe 3.

[0012] Furthermore, the transmission line 2 and each transmission tower 1 form at least one jumper segment 21, and each jumper segment 21 is provided with at least one set of branch pipes 3 and hot air mechanism 4 to form a continuous line de-icing system.

[0013] Furthermore, the diameter of the aluminum tube 22 is 40~100mm.

[0014] A de-icing method including the above-mentioned high-voltage transmission line de-icing structure, the method comprising the following steps: S1: Determine the jumper segment 21 on the transmission line 2 located between at least two insulator strings 11; S2: Activate the hot air mechanism 4 in the branch pipe 3 corresponding to the jumper segment 21, so that hot air enters the branch pipe 3 and is introduced into the internal cavity of the aluminum pipe 22 connected in parallel. S3: Hot air flows in the cavity inside the aluminum tube 22 and is guided by the sealing structure 25 to avoid self-circulation in local areas, ensuring that the hot air flows along the axial direction of the aluminum tube 22 to the target de-icing section and heats the tube wall of the aluminum tube 22. S4: Heat is conducted outward from the aluminum tube 22, heating the multi-strand aluminum wire 23 wrapped around its outer periphery and the stranded layer of steel core 24, as well as the ice layer on its surface, until the ice layer melts and falls off.

[0015] Furthermore, the activation of the hot air mechanism 4 in step S2 specifically involves: activating the axial flow fan 42 to generate airflow, and activating the heating wire 41 to heat the airflow, thereby forming continuous hot air.

[0016] Furthermore, for multiple jumper segments 21 distributed along the transmission line 2, the hot air mechanism 4 of the corresponding jumper segment 21 is activated sequentially or in sections according to the icing monitoring situation, forming a continuous or segmented line de-icing operation.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides an efficient, precise, safe, and applicable active thermal de-icing solution for large-diameter hollow transmission lines. It effectively overcomes many shortcomings of existing technologies and has significant practical value and economic significance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of power grids in frigid regions, especially ultra-high voltage and heavy icing lines, during winter. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the de-icing structure for high-voltage transmission lines; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the power transmission line path; Figure 3 This is an axial sectional view of a power transmission line with a de-icing structure. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of icing on an existing 60mm hollow aluminum tube transmission line.

[0019] Among them, the transmission tower body 1, insulator string 11, transmission line 2, jumper section 21, aluminum pipe 22, aluminum wire 23, steel core 24, sealing structure 25, branch pipeline 3, hot air mechanism 4, electric heating wire 41, and fan 42. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention.

[0022] As attached Figure 1-3 As shown, refer to Figure 1 The de-icing structure for the high-voltage transmission line mainly includes a transmission tower 1 and a transmission line 2 erected on it. At the crossarm of the transmission tower 1, at least two insulator strings 11 are connected to one end. The other ends of these insulator strings 11 are connected to and suspend the transmission line 2. The section of transmission line 2 between the two insulator strings 11, due to its arc shape, is commonly referred to in the art as a "jump wire" or "drain wire," and is defined in this invention as jumper segment 21.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, the transmission line 2 in this embodiment is a large-diameter, hollow conductor. Its core is an aluminum tube 22, preferably with a diameter of 40-100 mm, particularly 60 mm, and its interior is a hollow channel. Around the outer periphery of the aluminum tube 22, multiple strands of aluminum wire 23 and a steel core 24 are wrapped using a stranding process, forming a stable layered composite structure. The steel core 24 primarily provides mechanical strength, the multiple strands of aluminum wire 23 primarily bear the conductive function, and the hollow aluminum tube 22 is traditionally used to reduce weight, increase rigidity, or as a means of diameter expansion. This invention creatively utilizes its internal cavity as a hot air channel.

[0024] The core improvement of this invention lies in that a branch pipe 3 is provided in parallel on the side of the aluminum tube 22 of the jumper segment 21. The two ends of the branch pipe 3 are connected to the pipe walls of the aluminum tube 22 at both ends of the jumper segment 21 through a tee or a special connector, thereby forming a parallel fluid circuit with the internal cavity of the aluminum tube 22.

[0025] The branch pipe 3 needs to have good weather resistance, insulation, and a certain degree of heat resistance. Its materials can be, but are not limited to: Lightweight glass fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) pipes, for example, have good structural stability and aging resistance.

[0026] A hot air mechanism 4 is fixedly installed inside branch pipe 3. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the organization mainly consists of two parts: Heating wire 41: Made of resistive heating material such as nickel-chromium alloy, wound into a spiral shape and fixed on an insulating bracket on the inner wall of branch pipe 3, used to heat the air flowing through it.

[0027] Fan 42: Preferably a high-efficiency, compact axial flow fan, whose impeller axis is parallel to the axis of branch pipe 3 and fixed inside the pipe, is used to generate the power to drive airflow. Fan 42 can be located upstream or downstream of heating wire 41, but it is preferred to be located upstream so that the cold air passes through the fan before being heated, which is beneficial to the fan's heat dissipation.

[0028] To ensure that hot air can effectively flow through the target de-icing jumper segment 21, and to prevent hot air from only flowing through the target segment... Figure 1 The branch pipe 3 shown is connected to the aluminum pipe 22 in a local small loop short-circuit loop. A sealing structure 25 is provided in the inner cavity of the aluminum pipe 22 between the two connection points of the branch pipe 3.

[0029] The sealing structure 25 can be an annular baffle fixed to the inner wall of the aluminum tube 22, an inflatable sealing bladder, or a section of filled thermal insulation material. Its core function is to partially block the inner cavity of the aluminum tube 22, forcing the hot air flowing in from one end of the branch pipe 3 to not flow directly back to the other end of the branch pipe 3 through the short-circuit path of the aluminum tube 22, but to flow along the axial direction of the aluminum tube 22.

[0030] Furthermore, a complete power transmission line consists of multiple spans and multiple transmission towers 1. In this invention, the power transmission line 2 and each transmission tower 1 it passes through form at least one jumper segment 21. Each jumper segment 21 is independently equipped with at least one set of branch pipes 3 and a hot air mechanism 4. All these independent units are connected through the inner cavity of the aluminum pipe 22 of the line, together forming a continuous line de-icing system that covers the entire line and can be controlled in segments.

[0031] Preferably, the heating wire 41 and fan 42 in each hot air mechanism 4 are led out via waterproof cables and connected to an intelligent power supply and control system. This system can be further expanded to: Local power supply unit: Photovoltaic panels (solar panels) are installed on each transmission tower to convert solar energy into electrical energy. The photovoltaic panels can be firmly fixed to the sun-facing side of the tower, realizing local energy collection.

[0032] Energy storage and distribution unit: The supporting energy storage power supply (such as lithium-ion battery cabinet) is installed in the tower body or tower base control box to store the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic panels and to power the de-icing system during cloudy or rainy weather or at night. The controller (such as PLC or intelligent microprocessor) is responsible for managing the charging and discharging logic of the entire unit and receiving remote or local start commands.

[0033] System control method: The controller can automatically determine and sequentially or in sections activate the hot air mechanism 4 of the corresponding jumper segment 21 based on preset strategies (such as timed start-up, low temperature start-up) or by receiving signals from the icing monitoring system (such as image monitoring, tension sensor, weather station). For example, when the icing thickness of the jumper segment on both sides of a certain base tower is detected to exceed the standard, the equipment in that section will be activated first to achieve precise and energy-saving de-icing operation.

[0034] Based on the above structure, the high-voltage transmission line de-icing method of this embodiment operates according to the following steps: The core of this invention is to use a continuous aluminum pipe 22 as the main transport channel for heat transfer. When icing occurs in a certain section of the line, the control system connects the heating wire 41 and the fan 42 to activate the hot air mechanism 4 located at one or more jumper segments 21 upstream of that section.

[0035] Monitoring and Location: The system monitors the icing status of each jumper segment 21 in real time through an icing monitoring device. When the controller determines that the icing in a certain location or several consecutive sections has reached a dangerous threshold, it locks onto the target jumper segment 21 that needs to be de-iced.

[0036] Start the hot air unit: The controller sends a command to the hot air mechanism 4 corresponding to the target jumper segment 21. First, the axial flow fan 42 is started to operate and drive the airflow. Then or simultaneously, the heating wire 41 is energized and heated to quickly heat the flowing air into medium-low temperature hot air (e.g., 50℃-120℃, to avoid damaging the wire structure).

[0037] Forced circulation and heat exchange: During the unidirectional flow of the heat-carrying airflow within the aluminum tube 22, efficient heat exchange occurs through the tube wall. For example... Figure 4 As shown, heat is first transferred to the aluminum tube 22 itself, and then quickly conducted to the outer stranded aluminum wire 23 and the central steel core 24. This "inside-out" heating method causes the entire conductor cross-section to heat up uniformly, and the ice layer attached to the outer surface begins to melt from the contact surface, reducing adhesion, and eventually falling off in pieces under the action of gravity or wind.

[0038] Ice melting and detachment: Heat is conducted from the aluminum tube 22 outwards layer by layer, first heating the multi-strand aluminum wires 23 and steel core 24 twisted around its periphery, eventually causing the outermost layer of ice to gradually melt from the inside out. The adhesion between the ice and the surface of the conductor decreases, and under the action of gravity or a slight wind, the entire ice layer peels off from the surface of the conductor, thus completing the de-icing process.

[0039] System shutdown and standby: After monitoring confirms that the ice layer in this section has been cleared, the controller shuts off the power to the corresponding hot air mechanism 4. The system returns to standby mode, and the energy storage power is replenished by the photovoltaic panels, awaiting the next de-icing command.

[0040] This invention transforms the inherent structure of transmission lines into de-icing resources. Through distributed, independently controllable parallel hot air units, it achieves efficient, precise, and energy-saving active de-icing of jumper sections prone to icing, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the power grid in extreme cold weather.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the overall concept of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A de-icing structure for high-voltage transmission lines, characterized in that: The transmission line (2) is connected to the transmission tower (1). At least two insulator strings (11) are connected to one end of the transmission tower (1), and the other end of the at least two insulator strings (11) is connected to the transmission line (2). The transmission line (2) between the at least two insulator strings (11) is a jumper segment (21). The transmission line (2) includes an aluminum tube (22). The aluminum tube (22) is covered with a layered structure of multiple strands of aluminum wire (23) and steel core (24) twisted together. A branch pipe (3) is connected in parallel on the side of the aluminum tube (22) of the jumper segment (21). A hot air mechanism (4) is provided in the branch pipe (3).

2. The de-icing structure for high-voltage transmission lines as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hot air mechanism (4) includes an electric heating wire (41) fixedly connected in the branch pipe (3), and a fan (42) is also fixedly connected in the branch pipe (3).

3. The de-icing structure for high-voltage transmission lines as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The fan (42) is an axial flow fan.

4. The de-icing structure for high-voltage transmission lines as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the branch pipe (3) are respectively connected to the aluminum pipe (22), and a sealing structure (25) is provided in the aluminum pipe (22) between the two ends of the branch pipe (3).

5. The de-icing structure for high-voltage transmission lines as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission line (2) and each transmission tower (1) form at least one jumper segment (21), and each jumper segment (21) is provided with at least one set of branch pipes (3) and hot air mechanism (4) to form a continuous line de-icing system.

6. The de-icing structure for high-voltage transmission lines as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the aluminum tube (22) is 40~100mm.

7. A de-icing method comprising a de-icing structure for high-voltage transmission lines as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1: Determine the jumper segment (21) on the transmission line (2) located between at least two insulator strings (11); S2: Activate the hot air mechanism (4) in the branch pipe (3) corresponding to the jumper segment (21) so that hot air enters the branch pipe (3) and is introduced into the internal cavity of the aluminum pipe (22) connected in parallel; S3: Hot air flows in the cavity inside the aluminum tube (22) and is guided by the sealing structure (25) to avoid self-circulation in the local area, ensuring that the hot air flows along the axial direction of the aluminum tube (22) to the target de-icing section and heats the tube wall of the aluminum tube (22); S4: Heat is conducted outward from the aluminum tube (22), which heats the multi-strand aluminum wire (23) wrapped around its outer periphery and the steel core (24) stranded layer and the ice layer on its surface until the ice layer melts and falls off.

8. The method for de-icing high-voltage transmission lines as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The hot air mechanism (4) mentioned in step S2 is specifically: starting the axial flow fan (42) to generate airflow, and starting the heating wire (41) to heat the airflow to form continuous hot air.

9. A method for de-icing high-voltage transmission lines as described in claim 7, characterized in that, For multiple jumper segments (21) distributed along the transmission line (2), the hot air mechanism (4) of the corresponding jumper segment (21) is activated sequentially or in sections according to the icing monitoring situation, forming a continuous or segmented line de-icing operation.

Images