DCDC optimized energy storage system based on solid-state circuit breaker and battery state adjustment

Abstract

The invention discloses a DCDC optimized energy storage system based on a solid-state circuit breaker and battery state adjustment, and belongs to the technical field of batteries. Comprising a high-voltage battery box, a direct-current bus, a battery module arranged in the high-voltage battery box, a battery management system electrically connected with the battery module, a high-voltage solid-state circuit breaker arranged between the battery module and the direct-current bus in series, and a DC-DC control module which is connected to the two ends of the high-voltage solid-state circuit breaker in a bridging mode and electrically connected with the battery module and the direct-current bus. The centralized PCS, the monitoring and control module and the energy management system are electrically connected with the direct current bus. The system can reduce energy loss to the maximum extent, and the overall efficiency of the energy storage system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a DC-DC optimized energy storage system based on solid-state circuit breakers and battery state regulation. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of renewable energy, distributed generation systems and microgrids have become an important part of modern power systems, especially in remote areas or off-grid scenarios, where microgrid systems are gradually becoming mainstream due to their flexibility, scalability, and environmental friendliness. In these microgrid systems, the volatility and instability of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic and wind power have become core issues for system energy management and power quality control. To ensure the stability and reliability of power supply, energy storage systems (such as lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries) are widely used in microgrids, especially photovoltaic-storage energy storage systems, which play a role in balancing grid load and improving system efficiency. However, the performance and reliability of energy storage systems also face several challenges, particularly in battery management, energy dispatch, system response speed, and battery life.

[0003] Currently, most energy storage systems rely solely on State of Charge (SoC) for battery management. SoC represents the battery's current charge level, and while it provides some guidance for the charging process, it doesn't fully reflect the battery's actual health. Battery Health (SoH) reflects the degree of performance degradation during use and is a crucial parameter in battery management systems. Existing technologies generally lack real-time monitoring and adjustment of SoH, resulting in imprecise charging and discharging strategies and making batteries prone to damage and performance degradation. DC-DC conversion technology optimizes energy storage system efficiency by adjusting battery voltage and current. Traditional DC-DC control systems play a positive role in optimizing battery charging and discharging efficiency, but existing control algorithms often rely on simple SOC values ​​without comprehensively adjusting for battery health, thus affecting the overall efficiency of the energy storage system and battery life.

[0004] Furthermore, solid-state circuit breakers utilize semiconductor technology instead of traditional mechanical switches, enabling extremely rapid power interruption in the event of overload or fault. Their advantages include extremely fast response speed and longer lifespan, achieving current disconnection within milliseconds, thus preventing system damage caused by overload or short circuit. Despite their outstanding protective capabilities, existing solid-state circuit breakers typically operate independently, lacking integration with energy storage systems and failing to fully realize their potential in smart energy storage systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, this application provides a DC-DC optimized energy storage system based on solid-state circuit breakers and battery state regulation, which solves the problems of slow response speed, lack of fine monitoring of battery health status and overload of energy storage converter in existing energy storage systems.

[0006] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: This application provides a DC-DC optimized energy storage system based on solid-state circuit breakers and battery state regulation, including: a high-voltage battery box, a DC bus, a battery module installed in the high-voltage battery box, a battery management system electrically connected to the battery module, a high-voltage solid-state circuit breaker connected in series between the battery module and the DC bus, a DC-DC control module connected across the two ends of the high-voltage solid-state circuit breaker and electrically connected to the battery module and the DC bus respectively, a centralized PCS electrically connected to the DC bus, a monitoring and control module and an energy management system. The battery module supplies or receives power to the DC bus via a high-voltage solid-state circuit breaker; the centralized PCS converts the DC power from the DC bus into AC power and outputs it to the grid or load; the high-voltage solid-state circuit breaker is used to quickly cut off the current for protection under fault conditions; the DC-DC control module is used to controllably adjust the charging and discharging current or power of the battery module under normal operating conditions according to control commands; the battery management system is used to collect key information of the battery module and form the battery's state of charge, health status, and safety constraints; the energy management system generates charging and discharging strategies based on the state of charge, health status, and external load requirements, and issues control commands to the DC-DC control module and the centralized PCS respectively; the monitoring and control module is used to monitor, record, alarm, and coordinate the operation data of the battery management system, high-voltage solid-state circuit breaker, DC-DC control module, centralized PCS, and energy management system.

[0007] Furthermore, the energy management system generates a charging and discharging strategy based on the state of charge, health status, and external load requirements, including: When the battery's state of health is lower than a preset level, the energy management system slows down the charging and discharging rate and reduces the battery's depth of engagement; when the battery's state of charge is lower than a preset level, the energy management system prioritizes adjusting the battery charging process to ensure the battery's state of health.

[0008] Furthermore, the battery module consists of multiple high-voltage battery units connected in parallel; the DC-DC control module includes multiple DC-DC controllers connected in parallel.

[0009] Furthermore, the DC bus is also connected to a photovoltaic power generation unit, and the energy management system adjusts the charging and discharging state of the battery module in real time according to the fluctuation of photovoltaic output.

[0010] Furthermore, the energy management system adjusts the charging and discharging state of the battery module in real time according to the fluctuations in photovoltaic output, including: When the photovoltaic power generation exceeds the preset power, the energy storage system will automatically absorb and store the excess power; when the photovoltaic power generation is insufficient, the battery module will provide the required power to ensure the stable power supply to the load.

[0011] Furthermore, the energy management system also executes a SOC adaptive balancing algorithm to dynamically adjust the charging and discharging power according to the SOC differences of the battery modules, so as to achieve energy balance among the battery modules.

[0012] Furthermore, the DC-DC optimized energy storage system based on solid-state circuit breakers and battery state regulation also includes a static switching device for automatically switching to backup power supply when a photovoltaic power generation unit or battery module fails.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this application are: This application provides a DC-DC optimized energy storage system based on solid-state circuit breakers and battery state-of-charge regulation. By monitoring the battery's state of charge and health in real time, it can intelligently regulate the battery's charging and discharging process, avoiding overcharging and over-discharging, thereby reducing battery damage and extending battery life. Furthermore, the solid-state circuit breaker can rapidly cut off the current within milliseconds when the battery experiences a short circuit, current overload, or abnormal voltage, preventing damage to the battery and other parts of the system. In addition, the DC-DC control module can dynamically adjust the charging and discharging current and voltage according to the battery's state of charge and health, optimizing the battery's energy conversion efficiency. Through this fine-tuning, the system can minimize energy loss and improve the overall efficiency of the energy storage system. When load demand changes, the system can quickly adjust its power output to maintain efficient operation, avoiding energy waste caused by untimely adjustments in existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a DC-DC optimized energy storage system based on solid-state circuit breakers and battery state regulation, provided as an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0017] This application involves the explanation of some technical terms, including: A solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) is a circuit breaker that uses semiconductor components (such as transistors and diodes) instead of traditional mechanical switches. SSCBs offer advantages such as fast response, long lifespan, and the elimination of mechanical moving parts. They can quickly disconnect current in the event of a short circuit or overload to protect electrical equipment and systems.

[0018] A Battery Management System (BMS) monitors and manages the health status of a battery (such as State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SOH), battery temperature, battery voltage, and battery current) to ensure the battery operates within safe limits and optimizes the charging and discharging process. The purpose of a BMS is to extend battery life and improve system safety and reliability.

[0019] State of Charge (SoC) is the current charge level of a battery, representing the ratio of its usable capacity to its rated capacity, usually expressed as a percentage. SoC is one of the most important parameters in a battery management system, used to determine whether the battery needs charging or discharging.

[0020] State of Health (SoH) indicates the overall health of a battery and measures the degree of performance degradation. A lower SoH indicates reduced remaining capacity and power output. SoH is a key parameter for assessing battery lifespan and performance.

[0021] DC A DC-DC Converter Control Module (DC-DC Converter Control Module) is a power electronic device used to regulate voltage and current in battery energy storage systems. It converts an input direct current (DC) voltage to a different voltage level. The DC control module can optimize the battery charging and discharging process of the energy storage system and improve system efficiency.

[0022] The Battery State Regulation Mechanism (BSM) in this embodiment is a control mechanism used to adjust the charging and discharging process of the battery module based on real-time monitoring data. It adjusts the system's operating state based on the battery's System-on-Chips (SoC) and System-on-Hydrogen (SOH) to ensure the battery operates in its optimal state, preventing overcharging or over-discharging and optimizing battery life.

[0023] An Energy Management System (EMS) is a control system used to manage and optimize power flow. EMS collects operational data from batteries, loads, and power generation equipment (such as photovoltaic and diesel generators), coordinating the operation of each component to achieve efficient energy distribution and ensure stable system operation.

[0024] The rate of power change (ΔP / Δt) is the rate at which power changes per unit time in a power system, used to measure the dynamic characteristics of load changes. This parameter is typically used to determine the load change trend in the system and trigger a fast response mechanism to compensate for load changes.

[0025] Analog control, a control signal transmission method, in this embodiment transmits power commands via a 4–20mA analog current signal. Compared to traditional digital communication, this analog signal transmission method has lower latency and stronger anti-interference capabilities, thus ensuring millisecond-level response of the system.

[0026] The SOC Adaptive Balancing Algorithm, as described in this application, is an algorithm used to dynamically adjust the charging and discharging states of each battery module. Based on the differences in the SoC of the battery modules, it optimizes energy distribution to ensure that the charging state of each module is consistent and to extend the battery's lifespan.

[0027] In the energy storage system of this application embodiment, a dual-loop control system for frequency and voltage is used to monitor and adjust the system's voltage and frequency in real time. This control method ensures that the system can maintain stable output under load fluctuations, faults, or other dynamic changes, avoiding excessive voltage and frequency fluctuations and guaranteeing power quality.

[0028] A Static Transfer Switch (STS) is an electrical device used to quickly switch power sources in the event of a system failure, ensuring continuous power supply to the load. An STS can rapidly switch to a backup power source (such as a diesel generator) in the event of a battery or photovoltaic failure, ensuring no power outage occurs.

[0029] Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is a parameter that measures the degree of harmonic distortion in a power system. A lower THD value indicates higher power quality. The THD of a system should be controlled within a certain range to ensure the stability of power equipment and loads.

[0030] Based on this, embodiments of this application provide a DC-DC optimized energy storage system based on solid-state circuit breakers and battery state regulation, which can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 1 , Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic of a DC-DC optimized energy storage system based on solid-state circuit breakers and battery state regulation provided in an embodiment of this application. Solid lines represent power loop connections, and dashed lines represent control or communication connections. The system includes: a battery module, a high-voltage battery box, a DC bus, a high-voltage solid-state circuit breaker, a DC-DC control module, an energy management system, a battery management system, a centralized PCS, and a monitoring and control module.

[0031] In one embodiment of this application, the battery module in the system consists of multiple high-voltage battery cells, each with a total capacity of 227 kWh. These battery cells are connected in parallel to provide the required energy storage and output. Each battery module operates at 768V, and the battery modules are connected to other components in the system via a DC-DC control module to supply or receive power from the DC bus. Each battery module is housed within a high-voltage battery box, providing safe and reliable battery storage. Each high-voltage battery box integrates multiple battery cells (e.g., 2P2405-37AH) and ensures that each battery box has a capacity of 227 kWh to meet different energy storage needs.

[0032] A high-voltage solid-state circuit breaker is connected in series between the battery module and the DC bus. This solid-state circuit breaker is located at the connection point between each battery module and the DC power system (DC bus / DC combiner side) of the energy storage system. It is used to quickly disconnect the circuit for protection when electrical faults such as current overload or short circuit are detected. Its extremely fast response speed effectively prevents damage to the battery and energy storage system from electrical faults. Each battery module is equipped with one solid-state circuit breaker, which works in conjunction with the DC-DC control module to ensure the safety and stability of the system.

[0033] A DC-DC control module is connected across the high-voltage solid-state circuit breaker and electrically connected to the battery module and DC bus. The DC-DC control module includes multiple parallel DC-DC controllers, each equipped with its own controller to regulate the charging and discharging current of the battery module. Under normal operating conditions, the controller can controllably adjust the charging and discharging current or power of the battery module according to control commands, ensuring efficient operation of the battery module under different load conditions by regulating voltage and current. The DC-DC controller can dynamically adjust the battery's charging and discharging rate based on the battery's state of health (SoH) and state of charge (SoC), thereby optimizing system efficiency and battery life.

[0034] The Battery Management System (BMS), electrically connected to the battery module, is responsible for monitoring key information such as battery voltage, current, and temperature, and generating state variables such as state of charge and state of health, as well as safety constraints, to ensure that the charging and discharging of each battery cell is within safe limits. By collecting data from the battery module in real time (such as voltage, temperature, and current), the BMS provides real-time feedback to the Energy Management System (EMS) to optimize battery lifespan.

[0035] The Energy Management System (EMS), which is electrically connected to the DC bus, is responsible for the overall coordination of the system. By monitoring the status of the battery modules and load demand in real time, it intelligently schedules the power output of the energy storage system. Based on the status variables and external load demand, the EMS automatically adjusts the charging and discharging strategies and issues control commands to the DC-DC control module and the centralized PCS to ensure that the system can dynamically adjust the energy flow according to the grid demand.

[0036] This invention employs a centralized power supply system (PCS) (1250 kW) electrically connected to the DC bus. Its main function is to convert stored direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) and output it to the power grid or load. The PCS unit can effectively coordinate the power output of different battery modules, ensuring that the system can stably provide the required power. The PCS has a capacity of 1250 kW and supports efficient power conversion and power dispatch.

[0037] The embodiments of the present invention also employ a monitoring and control module electrically connected to the DC bus, used to monitor, record, alarm, and control the operation data of the battery management system, high-voltage solid-state circuit breaker, DC-DC control module, centralized PCS, and energy management system.

[0038] In one embodiment of this application, the battery charging and discharging management process is as follows: When the system starts up, the Energy Management System (EMS) first detects the battery's current State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH). Based on the battery's SOC and SOH values, the system determines the battery's charging and discharging strategy to ensure the battery operates in its optimal state. The Battery Management System (BMS) monitors the battery's health status in real time, including data such as battery temperature, voltage, and internal resistance. Based on this data, the BMS dynamically adjusts the charging and discharging rates to prevent battery damage due to overcharging or over-discharging.

[0039] The SOC and SOH regulation mechanisms are divided into SOC regulation and SOH regulation mechanisms. The SOC regulation mechanism's charging control works as follows: When the battery SOC approaches 100%, the system gradually reduces the charging current to prevent damage from overcharging. During charging, the system maintains the charging current and voltage within a safe range, typically using a constant current / constant voltage charging mode, until the battery SOC reaches the set maximum value (usually 80%~90%). Discharge control: When the battery SOC approaches 0%, the system limits the discharge current to prevent over-discharge. During discharge, the system gradually reduces the discharge current according to load requirements to ensure the battery is not over-discharged. To extend battery life, the system limits the battery SOC to a certain range (e.g., 20%~80%) to prevent the battery from entering extreme overcharge or over-discharge states. The SOH (State of Health) regulation mechanism for battery health monitoring involves the Battery Management System (BMS) monitoring the battery's SOH value in real time. This is primarily assessed through parameters such as internal resistance, voltage, temperature, and charge / discharge efficiency. When the SOH value drops to a certain level, the system automatically adjusts the charge / discharge strategy to avoid overusing aging batteries. For batteries in poor health, the system restricts their participation in deep charge / discharge cycles, as deep charge / discharge accelerates battery aging. Therefore, for batteries with low SOH (below a preset value), the system automatically adjusts the depth of charge / discharge they participate in, aiming to maintain shallower charge / discharge cycles. Based on the battery's SOH data, the system can predict the remaining battery life and provide guidance for battery maintenance and replacement. For example, the system can predict potential battery degradation trends based on SOH and proactively remind maintenance personnel to inspect and replace the battery.

[0040] The intelligent scheduling algorithm integrating SOC and SOH: By comprehensively considering SOC and SOH, the system can intelligently schedule the battery charging and discharging process. When the battery SOH is low (below a preset value), the system will slow down the charging and discharging rate and appropriately reduce the battery's depth of engagement; when the battery SOC is low (below a preset value), the system will prioritize adjusting the battery charging process to ensure the battery's health. During system operation, the SOC and SOH adjustment mechanism is dynamic. The system will automatically adjust the battery charging and discharging strategy based on real-time data and feedback to ensure that the battery always remains in its optimal operating state, thereby improving the overall efficiency and reliability of the energy storage system.

[0041] It is understandable that by reasonably adjusting SOC and SOH, overcharging and over-discharging can be avoided, effectively extending the battery's lifespan. Precise SOC and SOH control can maximize the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage system and reduce energy loss. At the same time, through real-time monitoring and adjustment of SOC and SOH, the system can effectively prevent overcharging, over-discharging, and excessive degradation of the battery, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the energy storage system. Therefore, the system can assess the battery's health status in real time and intelligently adjust the charging and discharging strategy according to the degree of battery degradation, slowing down the battery aging process and ensuring the long-term stability of battery health management.

[0042] In one embodiment of this application, during system operation, a solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) is responsible for protecting the electrical connection between the battery module and other parts of the energy storage system. When a system anomaly occurs, such as current overload, short circuit, or abnormal voltage, the SSCB quickly disconnects the circuit to prevent damage to the battery module and other system components from electrical faults. Furthermore, when abnormal current or voltage is detected, the SSCB can interrupt the current within milliseconds, thereby preventing overcharging, over-discharging, short circuits, and other phenomena in the battery, ensuring the safety of the battery and the entire energy storage system. Therefore, the fast response function of the SSCB not only improves system safety but also enhances system stability, avoiding the problems of slow response and easy damage of traditional mechanical circuit breakers.

[0043] The DC-DC control module is responsible for controlling the charging and discharging of the battery module. By adjusting the battery's charging current and voltage, it ensures the battery operates efficiently under different load conditions. When the battery module's voltage exceeds the required output voltage, the DC-DC control module adjusts the current output to an appropriate level to prevent overcharging and over-discharging, thereby extending the battery's lifespan.

[0044] The Energy Management System (EMS) is responsible for monitoring the State of Charge (SOC) and State of Charge (SOH) of the battery modules in real time and dynamically adjusting the charging and discharging strategies of the energy storage system based on load demand and fluctuations in photovoltaic power generation. The EMS adjusts the charging and discharging rates of the batteries using real-time data to ensure that the system's energy storage and output are performed at their optimal levels. The EMS determines whether to charge, discharge, or pause charging based on the battery's State of Health (SOH) and State of Charge (SOC) to prevent premature battery degradation due to overuse.

[0045] A DC-AC converter (PCS) converts stored direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) and outputs it to the grid or load. In this process, the PCS not only performs energy conversion but also coordinates the energy output of different battery modules to ensure grid load balance. A centralized PCS (Power Conversion System) is responsible for converting stored DC to AC and outputting it to the grid or load. With a capacity of 1250 kW, the PCS ensures efficient power conversion. Working closely with the battery modules in the energy storage system, the PCS adjusts the battery's state of charge and discharge to maintain system power balance and power quality when load demand changes.

[0046] The Battery Management System (BMS) monitors battery parameters such as SOC, SOH, temperature, and voltage in real time to ensure that the charging and discharging process of each battery cell is within safe limits. The BMS system not only manages SOC but also monitors the battery's state of health (SOH) to ensure that the battery operates in good condition and to prevent instability in the energy storage system due to battery aging or malfunction.

[0047] It is understandable that the SOC-SOH scheduling strategy enables dynamic adjustment of the battery state. SOC and SOH jointly determine the battery's charging and discharging strategy: SOC determines the amount of charge, while SOH determines the charging and discharging rate. When the battery's health is poor, the system automatically slows down the charging and discharging rate to prevent excessive battery aging.

[0048] In one embodiment of this application, a photovoltaic (PV) power generation unit is also connected to the DC bus of the system. The energy management system adjusts the charging and discharging state of the battery modules in real time according to the fluctuations in PV output. The battery modules and the PV power generation unit work together to form a highly efficient photovoltaic-energy storage system. When the PV power generation is high (above a preset power), the energy storage system automatically absorbs and stores excess energy; when PV power generation is insufficient, the energy storage system provides the required energy to ensure stable power supply to the load. The energy management system also executes a SOC adaptive balancing algorithm, dynamically adjusting the charging and discharging power according to the SOC differences of the battery modules to achieve energy balance among the battery modules. The system also includes a static switching device for automatically switching to backup power supply when a PV power generation unit or battery module fails.

[0049] In one embodiment of this application, the detailed control flow of the entire system, combined with the implementation of SOC, SOH, and solid-state circuit breakers, includes: monitoring SOC and SOH: real-time monitoring of the battery's SOC and SOH to ensure the battery operates in optimal condition; solid-state circuit breaker protection mechanism: protecting the battery and other system components in the event of a fault or abnormality using a solid-state circuit breaker; charge and discharge control: automatically adjusting the battery's charge and discharge rate based on the real-time status of SOC and SOH; system optimization and energy scheduling: ensuring power matching between the battery and the load through intelligent scheduling algorithms to optimize system energy efficiency; fault detection and response: the solid-state circuit breaker monitors current and voltage in real time, and immediately cuts off the power supply to protect the system once an abnormality is detected.

[0050] A detailed description of the control process, combining the specific implementation of SOC and SOH control with solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) protection: Step 1: Monitor SOC and SOH.

[0051] SOC (State of Charge) monitoring: (1) SOC calculation and real-time monitoring: The system calculates the SOC of the battery in real time through the battery management system (BMS) and updates the remaining battery capacity information in real time. (2) SOC control strategy: When the SOC value is close to the upper limit (such as 90%), the system will reduce the charging rate to prevent the battery from being overcharged; when the SOC is close to the lower limit (such as 20%), the system will accelerate charging to avoid deep discharge of the battery.

[0052] SOH (State of Health) Monitoring: (1) SOH Assessment and Monitoring: The BMS assesses the health status of the battery by monitoring data such as the battery's internal resistance, capacity, and charge / discharge efficiency. When the SOH is low, the system will take protective measures to reduce deep charge and discharge and prevent the battery from prematurely degrading due to overuse. (2) SOH Control Strategy: When the battery's SOH is lower than the preset threshold, the system will automatically slow down the charge and discharge rate to avoid overloading and affecting the battery's lifespan.

[0053] Step 2: Solid State Circuit Breaker (SSCB) protection function.

[0054] Real-time current and voltage monitoring: Solid-state circuit breakers detect overload, short circuit or voltage abnormality by monitoring the current and voltage changes of the battery module and the power grid in real time.

[0055] Fast response: When an abnormality occurs in current or voltage, the solid-state circuit breaker can disconnect the battery from the grid within milliseconds, preventing damage to the battery module and other system components due to electrical faults.

[0056] Protection Mechanism: Solid-state circuit breakers not only disconnect the power supply in case of short circuit or overload, but also provide intelligent protection based on the battery's SOC and SOH states. For example, when the battery's health is poor, the system automatically limits the battery's depth of charge and discharge, and the solid-state circuit breaker cuts off the current when necessary to prevent further damage.

[0057] Step 3: Charge and discharge control.

[0058] Battery charging control: (1) When the SOC is lower than the set threshold, the system increases the charging current through the DC-DC control module to provide more energy to the battery; when the SOC is close to the upper limit, the system will reduce the charging rate to avoid overcharging. (2) The charging rate is controlled in real time through the battery management system (BMS) to ensure that the charging current and voltage are within the safe range. (3) The charging strategy is adjusted according to the SOH state. For batteries with poor health, the system will reduce the charging current to prevent excessive load on the battery.

[0059] Battery discharge control: (1) When the load demand increases, the system adjusts the battery discharge rate through the DC-DC control module to ensure that the battery can efficiently provide the required power. (2) The system monitors the battery SOC in real time through the BMS to ensure that the battery is not over-discharged. When the SOC value is close to low charge, the system automatically slows down the discharge rate.

[0060] Step 4: Fault detection and response.

[0061] Battery overcurrent protection: If the charging and discharging current of the battery module exceeds the preset range, the solid-state circuit breaker will respond immediately and cut off the current to prevent the battery from overheating or short-circuiting.

[0062] Short-circuit protection and voltage anomaly detection: In the system, any voltage anomaly, short circuit, or overload in any battery module or energy storage component will trigger the solid-state circuit breaker's protection mechanism. When an abnormal current or voltage occurs, the solid-state circuit breaker will quickly disconnect the battery from the system, preventing damage to the battery and energy storage device.

[0063] Step 5: System optimization and energy scheduling.

[0064] Dynamic adjustment strategy for SOC and SOH: Intelligent scheduling: The system adjusts the battery charging and discharging strategy based on real-time SOC and SOH data. When SOC is low, battery charging is prioritized; when SOH is low, the battery charging and discharging rate is slowed down to extend battery life.

[0065] Battery and load power balance: The system dynamically adjusts the power output of the energy storage system based on the battery's SOC, SOH, and load demand. When the load fluctuates, the energy storage system can quickly provide or absorb energy to ensure grid stability.

[0066] System self-optimization: Through the energy management system (EMS), the system can analyze data such as battery health status, load demand, and power generation in real time, and intelligently adjust the battery charging and discharging process and power distribution to optimize the system's energy efficiency and safety.

[0067] This application achieves intelligent regulation of the battery charging and discharging process by real-time monitoring of the battery's state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH), avoiding overcharging or over-discharging, thereby extending battery life and improving the efficiency of the energy storage system. A solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) is used to monitor the current and voltage of the battery system in real time. When the battery module experiences overload, short circuit, or abnormal voltage, the SSCB can quickly cut off the current within milliseconds, ensuring system safety and preventing damage to the battery and other components. A DC-DC control module precisely regulates the battery charging and discharging current, ensuring efficient battery operation under different load conditions and optimizing the overall energy conversion efficiency of the energy storage system. The energy management system automatically adjusts the battery charging and discharging strategy based on real-time load demand, SOC, SOH, and photovoltaic power generation data, optimizing battery power distribution and system energy efficiency to ensure the system can quickly respond to load changes. Combined with real-time feedback from SOC and SOH, the charging and discharging rate of the battery is intelligently adjusted to ensure the battery operates in optimal condition, thereby improving overall system efficiency, preventing battery performance degradation, and guaranteeing battery life.

[0068] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are for the purpose of helping readers understand the principles of this application, and should be understood as not limiting the scope of protection of this application to such specific statements and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations based on the technical teachings disclosed in this application without departing from the essence of this application, and these modifications and combinations are still within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A DC-DC optimized energy storage system based on solid-state circuit breakers and battery state regulation, characterized in that, include: High-voltage battery box, DC bus, battery modules installed in the high-voltage battery box, battery management system electrically connected to the battery modules, high-voltage solid-state circuit breaker connected in series between the battery modules and the DC bus, DC-DC control module connected across the two ends of the high-voltage solid-state circuit breaker and electrically connected to the battery modules and the DC bus respectively, centralized PCS, monitoring and control module and energy management system electrically connected to the DC bus. The battery module supplies or receives power to the DC bus via a high-voltage solid-state circuit breaker; the centralized PCS converts the DC power from the DC bus into AC power and outputs it to the power grid or load; the high-voltage solid-state circuit breaker is used to quickly cut off the current for protection under fault conditions. The DC-DC control module is used to controllably adjust the charging and discharging current or power of the battery module under normal operating conditions according to control commands; the battery management system is used to collect key information of the battery module and form the battery's state of charge, state of health, and safety constraints; the energy management system generates charging and discharging strategies based on the state of charge, state of health, and external load requirements, and issues control commands to the DC-DC control module and the centralized PCS respectively; the monitoring and control module is used to monitor, record, alarm, and coordinate the operation data of the battery management system, high-voltage solid-state circuit breaker, DC-DC control module, centralized PCS, and energy management system.

2. The DC-DC optimized energy storage system based on solid-state circuit breakers and battery state regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy management system generates charging and discharging strategies based on state of charge, health status, and external load requirements, including: When the battery's state of health is lower than a preset level, the energy management system slows down the charging and discharging rate and reduces the battery's depth of engagement; when the battery's state of charge is lower than a preset level, the energy management system prioritizes adjusting the battery charging process to ensure the battery's state of health.

3. The DC-DC optimized energy storage system based on solid-state circuit breakers and battery state regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery module consists of multiple high-voltage battery units connected in parallel; the DC-DC control module includes multiple DC-DC controllers connected in parallel.

4. The DC-DC optimized energy storage system based on solid-state circuit breakers and battery state regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DC bus is also connected to a photovoltaic power generation unit, and the energy management system adjusts the charging and discharging state of the battery module in real time according to the fluctuation of photovoltaic output.

5. The DC-DC optimized energy storage system based on solid-state circuit breakers and battery state regulation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The energy management system adjusts the charging and discharging state of the battery modules in real time according to fluctuations in photovoltaic output, including: When the photovoltaic power generation exceeds the preset power, the energy storage system will automatically absorb and store the excess power; when the photovoltaic power generation is insufficient, the battery module will provide the required power to ensure the stable power supply to the load.

6. The DC-DC optimized energy storage system based on solid-state circuit breakers and battery state regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy management system also executes a SOC adaptive balancing algorithm, which dynamically adjusts the charging and discharging power according to the SOC differences of the battery modules to achieve energy balance among the battery modules.

7. The DC-DC optimized energy storage system based on solid-state circuit breakers and battery state regulation according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a static switching device, which automatically switches to backup power supply when the photovoltaic power generation unit or battery module fails.

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