Power distribution secondary equipment operation state intelligent discrimination method based on multi-dimensional signal deep analysis

Abstract

The invention discloses a power distribution secondary equipment operation state intelligent discrimination method based on multi-dimensional signal deep analysis, and relates to the technical field of power system state monitoring, and the method comprises the following steps: in a short-time parallel operation state of a power distribution network, uniformly expanding a zero-sequence protection signal and an overcurrent protection signal on the same time scale, constructing a combined time chain for capturing transient jump; and positioning a plurality of time points where the action directions deviate on the joint time chain, and connecting the continuous time points where the action directions deviate in series according to a time sequence to form a conflict time zone for marking a protection signal direction divergence region. According to the method, by constructing the joint time chain and the conflict time zone, the abnormal action trend is accurately recognized, blocking before tripping is achieved in combination with reverse superposition sequence matching, and misoperation is avoided; after the opening signal is frozen, the opening signal is introduced into a breathing type coordination channel, and the impulse current is dispersed and the contact loss is reduced through amplitude-limiting probing and delayed flexible closing signal alternative output and micro-scale dislocation control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system condition monitoring technology, specifically to a method for intelligently determining the operating status of secondary distribution equipment based on multi-dimensional signal deep analysis. Background Technology

[0002] Intelligent judgment of the operating status of distribution secondary equipment based on multi-dimensional signal deep analysis refers to the process of online monitoring of distribution network secondary equipment (such as FTU and DTU) by utilizing multi-source data (including remote signaling, telemetry, remote control, battery voltage, loop current, alarm information, etc.) from the measurement center, digital twin platform, and master station system. Through rule engines and machine learning algorithms, it performs multi-dimensional deep analysis of the signal's time sequence, amplitude, frequency, and logical relationships to achieve automatic identification and classification of equipment operating status. This method breaks through the traditional passive monitoring mode that relies on manual comparison. After data cleaning and integration, it can extract abnormal features from signal fluctuation patterns, such as intermediate states, PT disconnection, battery undervoltage, and signal jitter, and automatically generate anomaly judgment results and alarm information by combining historical trends and health assessment models. Through dynamic correlation analysis between multi-dimensional signals, this intelligent judgment mechanism can proactively perceive potential hazards, achieve accurate diagnosis, visualization, and closed-loop tracking of operating status, thereby supporting the transformation of distribution network secondary equipment operation and maintenance management from manual analysis to intelligent early warning, significantly improving equipment self-healing capabilities and system operational reliability.

[0003] The existing technology has the following shortcomings: In existing technologies, distribution networks often rely on the coordinated operation of zero-sequence protection and overcurrent protection devices to quickly identify line faults during short-term parallel operation. However, due to time delays in signal sampling, polarity drift of current transformers, or transient current reversal during switching, the action signals output by the two types of protection devices may exhibit reverse superposition within the same time window. When this reverse superposition is not recognized by the system, the monitoring terminal may mistakenly assume that the protection device has not performed its action, thereby triggering repeated automatic commands for opening and closing. This maloperation generates a strong inrush current in a very short time, causing the circuit breaker contacts to carry high-energy current again before the arc is extinguished, resulting in contact erosion, welding or mechanical interlock failure, and may even induce bus short circuits and equipment burnout.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent method for judging the operating status of secondary power distribution equipment based on multi-dimensional signal depth analysis, so as to solve the problems in the background art mentioned above.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent method for determining the operating status of secondary power distribution equipment based on multi-dimensional signal depth analysis, comprising the following steps: In the short-term parallel operation state of the distribution network, the zero-sequence protection signal and the overcurrent protection signal are uniformly expanded on the same time scale to construct a joint time chain for capturing transient jumps, which serves as a time reference for dynamic behavior comparison. Multiple time points where the action direction deviates are located on the joint time chain, and the consecutive time points where the action direction deviates are connected in time sequence to form a conflict time band for marking the divergence area of ​​the protection signal direction. The order of opening and closing signals is analyzed point by point along the conflict time band. Protection signals with opposite action trends and continuous occurrence in time are combined to form an inverse superposition sequence, which is used to quantify the continuous characteristics of abnormal action. During the transmission of the trip command, the contents of the reverse superimposed sequence are compared. When an action mode consistent with the preset sequence is detected, the subsequent trip signal is frozen, thus constructing an action blocking mechanism before the trip command is triggered. A breathing-type action coordination channel is established based on the frozen tripping signal. The limited-amplitude trial tripping signal and the delayed soft signal are output alternately according to the preset time period. The high-amplitude impact is dispersed by micro-scale misalignment control, reducing the risk of damage to the circuit breaker contacts caused by current superposition.

[0007] Preferably, the steps for constructing the joint time chain are as follows: After the distribution network enters the short-term parallel operation state, the trip signal, action direction signal, start time signal and end time signal in the zero-sequence protection channel and the trip signal, action direction signal, start time signal and end time signal in the overcurrent protection channel are collected. The collected protection signals are time-remapped using the distribution master station clock as a reference to correct the time deviation of different protection devices, and the signals are sorted in a unified timestamp order to achieve time alignment. The zero-sequence protection signal and the overcurrent protection signal are expanded and superimposed on the same time axis on a unified time scale to construct a vertical data linked list containing the action status and direction identifier of each time slice. The transition nodes are identified along the time axis and integrated into a joint time chain in chronological order. In each time slice, the action status, direction identifier, start time, end time and transition type fields of the zero-sequence protection signal and the overcurrent protection signal are recorded to form a continuous time sequence behavior trajectory.

[0008] Preferably, the conflict time zone construction process is as follows: In the joint time chain, the direction identifiers of the zero-sequence protection signal and the overcurrent protection signal are extracted time slice by time slice. It is determined whether the two are out of directional control within the same time slice. If they are both in a non-idle state and have opposite directions, they are marked as the time point of out-of-directional control. Sort all time points of directional divergence in order of timestamp, and divide them into several directional divergence time periods based on whether the time interval between adjacent time points is less than a preset time interval threshold; Each directional deviation time period is converted into a directional conflict time band with a clear start and end time, and statistical fields are added to describe the continuity and intensity changes of conflict behavior. The action status, direction identifier, action intensity level, start time and end time of the zero-sequence protection signal and overcurrent protection signal corresponding to each time slice are embedded in the direction conflict time band to form a traceable behavior data structure.

[0009] Preferably, each time slice in the direction conflict time band is provided with a direction reversal identifier field to identify whether the zero-sequence protection signal and the overcurrent protection signal have switched directions in the current time slice, and the first direction reversal type and the final direction reversal type are recorded in the start time slice and end time slice of the direction conflict time band, respectively.

[0010] Preferably, the steps for forming the reverse superposition sequence are as follows: In the conflict time zone, the tripping action signal and the closing action signal are extracted time slice by time, and their start time, end time, action direction and action status are extracted to form two signal trajectory arrays arranged by time. The start and end sequence and direction of the tripping and closing action signals on the time axis are compared based on the signal trajectory array to identify sequential pairs with opposite action trends. Multiple adjacent sequential pairs are spliced ​​together according to temporal continuity to construct behavior segments with mutually inverse action directions and continuous behavior states. The start and end times, number of alternations, and direction combinations of each segment are extracted. All identified behavior segments are integrated into a reverse superimposed sequence in chronological order, and their start and end times, number of behavior segments, total number of action alternations, direction combination form, and interference density field are recorded.

[0011] Preferably, during the transmission of the trip command, the reverse superimposed sequence content is compared, and when an action pattern consistent with the preset sequence is detected, subsequent trip signals are frozen. The steps to construct the action blocking mechanism before the trip command is triggered are as follows: Before the trip command is about to be transmitted, extract the start and end times, action direction and duration of the opening and closing signals in the current time period, and compare them with the known action patterns in the reverse superimposed sequence. When the current protection signal behavior is identified as consistent with any abnormal action mode, the trip signal on which the trip command depends is frozen, and the timestamp of the freezing time, the signal source identifier, the freezing duration and the corresponding reverse superposition sequence number are recorded. While the protection signal is frozen, observe its subsequent changes and track whether a closing signal with the same direction or a stable action trend appears to determine whether the conditions for unfreezing are met. Based on the continuous characteristics of the protection signal during the freeze period, a decision is made on whether to resume the transmission of the trip command or maintain the freeze state, and the behavior information of the entire freeze process is output as the basis for trip control decision.

[0012] Preferably, after the freezing operation is completed, the continuous observation of the protection signal includes determining whether the direction of the closing signal is consistent with the direction of the opening signal before freezing, whether the opening signal remains continuous, and whether the signal enters a stable range of no action for a long time within the freezing window, which serves as the basis for determining whether to unfreeze.

[0013] Preferably, a breathing-type action coordination channel is established based on the frozen tripping signal. The limited-amplitude trial tripping signal and the delayed blending signal are alternately output according to a preset time period. The high-amplitude signal is dispersed through micro-scale misalignment control. The steps are as follows: The breathing cycle is set based on the freeze trip signal, and the cycle length is dynamically adjusted according to the equipment operating status, historical fault data and current load. During the respiratory cycle, a limited-amplitude test trip signal is output. By setting an upper limit on the current of the signal amplitude, the impact caused by a sudden increase in current is avoided. After the limited-amplitude test trip signal is output, a delayed blending signal is output according to the respiratory cycle, and the blending time is set to control the time interval between signals. Microscale misalignment control is introduced within each respiratory cycle, and time misalignment is formed by adjusting the triggering timing of the amplitude-limited trial trip signal and the delayed blending signal; The output parameters of the test signal and the blending signal are adjusted in real time according to the current fluctuations during each breathing cycle to control the current amplitude and improve the stability of equipment operation.

[0014] The technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention in the above technical solution are as follows: This invention achieves precise localization of deviations in the action direction of protection signals by constructing a joint time chain and conflict time bands, enabling comprehensive identification of abnormal trends in the time dimension of tripping and closing signals. Introducing a matching mechanism of reverse superposition sequences before the action is triggered proactively blocks unplanned tripping paths, effectively avoiding repetitive operation behavior caused by signal misjudgment, suppressing protection malfunctions at the source, and improving the operational stability of power distribution equipment.

[0015] This invention establishes a breathing-style action coordination channel after freezing the tripping signal, employing an alternating output method of amplitude-limited probe signals and delayed blending signals, combined with micro-scale misalignment control, to effectively mitigate current surge loads during operation. This mechanism can disperse the originally concentrated high-energy current in a staggered manner over time, reducing the frequency and intensity of force impacts on the circuit breaker contacts, thereby extending the service life of the switching equipment and improving its mechanical reliability and operational response safety. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the intelligent judgment method for the operating status of secondary power distribution equipment based on multi-dimensional signal depth analysis according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that the description of this disclosure will be more complete and fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art.

[0019] This invention provides, for example Figure 1 The intelligent method for determining the operating status of secondary power distribution equipment based on multi-dimensional signal depth analysis, as shown, includes the following steps: In the short-term parallel operation state of the distribution network, the zero-sequence protection signal and the overcurrent protection signal are uniformly expanded on the same time scale to construct a joint time chain for capturing transient jumps, which serves as a time reference for dynamic behavior comparison. To achieve high-precision dynamic analysis of protection signal behavior under short-term parallel operation of distribution networks, a method is proposed that unifies zero-sequence protection signals and overcurrent protection signals onto the same time scale. Based on time alignment, signal flattening, transition identification, and time chain construction, a joint time chain is systematically established to capture transient transition behavior. This method serves as the starting point for intelligent judgment of the operating status of secondary distribution equipment. Through in-depth analysis of signal timing, it provides a precise temporal basis for subsequent anomaly identification and behavioral feature extraction. The specific implementation is as follows: After a brief period of parallel operation in the distribution network, raw data from multiple protection signal channels are collected, including trip signals, action direction signals, start time signals, and end time signals in the zero-sequence protection channel, and trip signals, action direction signals, start time signals, and end time signals in the overcurrent protection channel. Each type of signal contains records with millisecond-level timestamps and an identification number of the device from which the signal originates. After data acquisition, all collected protection signals are time-remapped using the distribution master station's clock as the reference. The remapping process includes correcting the timestamp information of each signal based on the deviation between the master station's current clock time and the local time of each protection device, ensuring that signals uploaded by different protection devices are comparable under a unified clock. After time remapping, each type of signal is sorted according to a unified timestamp order, thereby achieving time alignment of all raw protection signal data. Through this process, the zero-sequence protection signal and the overcurrent protection signal are synchronously integrated into the same time reference frame, eliminating time errors caused by different sampling frequencies, communication delay differences, and equipment response lag, and providing a strictly consistent time basis for subsequent unified deployment and comparison.

[0020] After signal time alignment, the zero-sequence protection signal and overcurrent protection signal are expanded and reconstructed separately, and then superimposed on a unified time axis to form a time-series behavior flow with a comparative relationship. Specifically, the entire time axis is divided into equally spaced sampling segments, each with a fixed time window length (e.g., 10 milliseconds), and each window corresponds to a time slice. Within each time slice, the state information of the zero-sequence protection signal is extracted, including whether it is in a tripping state, whether the action direction is the incoming or outgoing direction, and whether the action is part of a continuous action. Simultaneously, the action state, direction identifier, and persistence marker of the overcurrent protection signal within the same time slice are extracted. In this way, signal state descriptions of the two protection channels are obtained on a unified time dimension. Based on this, the corresponding signals of the two channels are cross-mapped on the time axis, ensuring that each time slice contains complete behavioral data for both the zero-sequence protection signal and the overcurrent protection signal, forming a vertically expanded data list with time as the primary index. This data list not only preserves the time sequence relationship of each signal but also enables behavioral comparison between different protection signals, laying the foundation for subsequent behavioral consistency judgment and difference analysis.

[0021] Within the vertically expanded time chain, transient transition points in the behavior of all protection signals are further identified. A transition point is defined as follows: in adjacent time slices, the operating state of the same protection channel undergoes a sudden change from no operation to operation, a reversal from operation to no operation, or a rapid switch in the operating direction from forward to reverse, or vice versa. In actual processing, the signal states in each time slice are compared along the time axis, and a state difference judgment rule is set to identify transition behaviors. For zero-sequence protection signals, the transition state may manifest as an instantaneous transition from a non-operating state to a tripping state, remaining stable for several subsequent time slices; for overcurrent protection signals, the transition state may manifest as a rapid termination of the operating state after a direction switch, forming a strong discontinuity. When both the zero-sequence protection signal and the overcurrent protection signal transition within the same time slice, and their operating directions are opposite—that is, the zero-sequence protection signal operates in the incoming direction while the overcurrent protection signal operates in the outgoing direction, or vice versa—then the time slice is marked as a conflict behavior time point. All time slices that meet the above definition of jump behavior are highlighted as key nodes in the time chain and arranged in chronological order to form an identifiable sequence of behavior changes, which becomes the basis for subsequently building a jump behavior data chain.

[0022] Based on time series containing transition nodes, the data state of each time slice is structurally integrated to construct a complete joint time chain. This time chain uses milliseconds as the smallest time unit, horizontally including the action state, direction indicator, start time, and end time of the zero-sequence protection signal, and vertically including the action state, direction indicator, start time, and end time of the overcurrent protection signal. Additionally, a transition type field is added to each time slice containing transition behavior, clearly indicating the type of behavior change corresponding to that time slice (such as state abrupt change, direction reversal, bidirectional conflict, etc.). Furthermore, the joint time chain sets up correlation indexes between time slices, ensuring that when conducting behavior analysis at any point, the complete signal state of adjacent time slices can be obtained through the preceding and following indexes, enabling the tracking and reconstruction of the behavior chain. The entire joint time chain not only possesses time consistency and data integrity but also has the ability to synchronously deploy protection signals, continuously capture behavior patterns, and accurately lock abnormal behaviors. Through this time chain, the originally separate zero-sequence protection and overcurrent protection behaviors are tightly connected in the time dimension, forming a perceptible, comparable, and resolvable continuous behavior trajectory, providing a stable and accurate time-series support foundation for in-depth analysis and judgment of the operating status of secondary distribution equipment.

[0023] Multiple time points where the action direction deviates are located on the joint time chain, and the consecutive time points where the action direction deviates are connected in time sequence to form a conflict time band for marking the divergence area of ​​the protection signal direction. To accurately identify the directional deviation behavior of protection signals under short-term parallel operation in a distribution network and to construct conflict time bands with clear start and end ranges within a joint time chain, a method for constructing directional conflict regions based on time-slice granularity is proposed. This method, based on an established joint time chain, identifies consecutive time points where the protection signal directions are inconsistent along the time dimension and concatenates these time points into time segments with logical boundaries, thereby achieving precise marking of signal direction divergence regions. The specific implementation steps are as follows: In the joint time chain, the direction identifiers of the zero-sequence protection signal and the overcurrent protection signal are extracted time-by-time, and their direction states within the same time slot are compared and judged. The judgment is based on the following: if the direction of the zero-sequence protection signal in a certain time slot is from the power supply side to the load side (i.e., the incoming direction), while the direction of the overcurrent protection signal in the same time slot is from the load side to the power supply side (i.e., the outgoing direction), then these two signals are considered to have a directional divergence within the current time slot; conversely, if the zero-sequence protection signal is in the outgoing direction and the overcurrent protection signal is in the incoming direction, it is also judged as a directional divergence. To ensure accurate judgment of actual protection actions, two prerequisites must be met simultaneously: first, the zero-sequence protection signal must be in a non-idle state in the current time slot, exhibiting one of continuous action, instantaneous action, or blocking action; second, the overcurrent protection signal must also be in a non-idle state in the current time slot, possessing a clear action direction identifier and a continuous state attribute. Time slices that meet the above judgment conditions are identified as directional deviation time points and are explicitly marked in the joint time chain. The timestamp of the time slice, the action direction, action type, action duration, equipment source number and action level of the two types of protection signals are recorded for subsequent behavior aggregation processing.

[0024] All marked directional divergence time points in the joint time chain are extracted and sorted from earliest to latest according to their timestamps. After sorting, the time interval between each pair of adjacent directional divergence time points is calculated. If the time interval between two time points is less than or equal to a preset maximum interval threshold, such as no more than 50 milliseconds, the two time points are considered to be temporally continuous and belong to the same directional divergence behavior segment; otherwise, if the time interval exceeds the threshold, they are determined to be two different directional divergence behavior segments. After continuously traversing according to this rule, the directional divergence time points in the joint time chain are divided into multiple non-overlapping time segments, each containing several temporally continuous directional divergence time points. For each directional divergence time segment, its start time, end time, number of time points included, total time segment length, minimum action duration, maximum action duration, number of direction reversals, and other detailed attributes are explicitly recorded to form a complete directional conflict behavior interval.

[0025] Based on the previously defined directional divergence time periods, directional conflict time zones are constructed sequentially. Each directional conflict time zone corresponds to a time period, with the earliest time point of the time period serving as the starting point and the latest time point as the ending point. The entire time period covers a continuous time interval. This conflict time zone serves not only as the identifying area for behavior recognition but also as the input reference interval for subsequent discrimination logic. To enhance the descriptive capability of the conflict time zones, relevant statistical fields are added to each time zone structure, including but not limited to: duration of the conflict time zone, total number of directional divergence time points, directional reversal density, continuous action trend type, and the initial and final intensity levels of the conflict behavior. After all conflict time zones are constructed, they are linked to the corresponding time segments of the joint time chain using an index structure, achieving a structural enhancement of the original signal timeline. This allows the joint time chain to not only describe the routine actions of the protection signal but also clearly demonstrate the continuous characteristics of directional inconsistency behavior in the time dimension.

[0026] To ensure the constructed conflict timebands provide complete behavioral support information for subsequent use, the internal data of each conflict timeband needs to be supplemented and fused. This process involves: within each conflict timeband, sequentially traversing all included time slices, extracting the zero-sequence protection signal's action status, direction indicator, action intensity level, start time, and end time for each time slice, as well as the corresponding overcurrent protection signal's action status, direction indicator, action intensity level, start time, and end time. This data is then summarized in a structured manner and embedded into the conflict timeband structure, giving the timeband not only boundary information and statistical attributes but also the ability to provide behavioral tracking capabilities to external users. The fused conflict timebands can serve as key inputs for subsequent core logic such as tripping action trend identification, anomaly criterion generation, and signal matching and blocking, providing fundamental support for the accurate analysis of the operating status of secondary distribution equipment.

[0027] The order of opening and closing signals is analyzed point by point along the conflict time band. Protection signals with opposite action trends and continuous occurrence in time are combined to form an inverse superposition sequence, which is used to quantify the continuous characteristics of abnormal action. To achieve continuous quantification of abnormal operation of secondary power distribution equipment within conflict time zones, a method is proposed that analyzes the sequence of tripping and closing signals point-by-point along the conflict time zone, and combines protection signals with opposite operating trends and continuous time to form a reverse superposition sequence. Based on the previously constructed joint time chain and conflict time zone structure, this method accurately identifies abnormal change patterns of operating signals in the time dimension and establishes a reverse operating feature chain in a structured manner, serving as the input basis for subsequent tripping behavior control and abnormal intervention logic. The specific steps are as follows: Within each established conflict time band, the tripping and closing action signals of the protection signals are extracted sequentially, time-by-time. The extraction of the tripping action signal includes whether a tripping action flag exists in the current time band; if so, the corresponding start time, end time, direction information, and holding status are further extracted. The extraction of the closing action signal includes whether a closing action flag exists in the current time band; if so, the start time, end time, direction flag, and whether the action is continuous are extracted. If both signals have action states within the same time band, their complete behavioral characteristics are preserved, and a correspondence is established in the time chain. After extraction, the tripping and closing signals within each time band are archived separately, forming two signal trajectory arrays arranged in chronological order for subsequent trend analysis.

[0028] Based on the extracted opening and closing signal trajectories, the start and end times of the opening and closing signals in each time slice are compared one by one to determine their sequential relationship on the time axis. Specifically, when an opening signal is found to be in the initial action state in a certain time slice, it is determined whether a closing signal enters the initial action state in the subsequent consecutive time slices. If the closing action occurs after the opening action, and the time interval is no greater than a preset threshold (e.g., within 20 milliseconds), then the two actions constitute a sequence relationship where opening precedes closing. Conversely, if a closing signal is found to be in the initial action state first in the current time slice, and then an opening signal is found to be in action in the subsequent consecutive time slices, then it is marked as a sequence relationship where closing precedes opening. During the sequence determination process, it is also necessary to examine whether the action directions of the two signals are mutually opposite, i.e., the opening signal points to the power supply side and the closing signal points to the load side, or vice versa. Only signals that satisfy both the sequential relationship in time and the opposite relationship in direction are confirmed as a set of signals with opposite action trends.

[0029] Among the identified action sequence pairs, further analysis is conducted to determine if there are any time-continuous behavioral segments, constructing behavioral segments that meet the reverse trend requirements. During operation, multiple adjacent signal groups with opposite action trends are continuously spliced ​​together chronologically. If the interval between these signal groups does not exceed a certain time length threshold (e.g., no more than three times the time slice length), and the opening and closing signals in each group have continuous action states, it indicates that a complete behavioral chain has been formed on the time axis. For example, if a combination of opening-closing-opening-closing occurs continuously within a certain period, and these combinations are uninterrupted and without gaps, then a strong interference signal interleaving phenomenon is considered to exist within that period. For each identified behavioral segment, its start time slice number, end time slice number, number of internal alternations, start and end times of each group of actions, action direction combination, and whether there are multiple repeated trend reversal behaviors must be recorded. This behavioral segment serves as the basic unit for constructing the reverse superposition sequence, and its internal signal structure reflects the abnormal fluctuation characteristics of the protection device within the conflict time band.

[0030] All identified and structured behavior segments are integrated chronologically to form a complete reverse superposition sequence. Each reverse superposition sequence consists of one or more consecutive reverse behavior segments. These behavior segments have non-overlapping time ranges within the conflict time zone, their action directions are paired and mutually inverse, and their behavior is highly continuous. As a structured result of abnormal actions, the reverse superposition sequence must clearly record its sequence number, start and end times, number of behavior segments, total number of action alternations, minimum action duration, maximum action duration, action direction combination (e.g., opening-closing-opening structure), signal interference density, and other field information. The constructed reverse superposition sequence is embedded into the conflict time zone structure of the joint time chain, becoming an independent sequence region describing abnormal signal behavior and serving as an important basis for subsequent instruction blocking logic and flexible release strategies. Through the introduction of this sequence, the joint time chain has the ability to quantify the high-frequency mutual interference relationship between opening and closing, enabling the equipment to detect potential malfunction trends and operational instability signals earlier during operation status identification, thereby improving the accuracy and timeliness of action behavior identification.

[0031] During the transmission of the trip command, the contents of the reverse superimposed sequence are compared. When an action mode consistent with the preset sequence is detected, the subsequent trip signal is frozen, thus constructing an action blocking mechanism before the trip command is triggered. To prevent false tripping caused by abnormal superposition of protection signals during the operation of secondary power distribution equipment, a technical method is proposed. This method involves real-time comparison of the reverse superposition sequence during the trip command transmission process, and freezing subsequent tripping signals when an action pattern consistent with a preset sequence is identified. By constructing an action blocking mechanism before the trip command is triggered, proactive intervention and control of false tripping trends are achieved, thereby improving the behavioral stability and response reliability of power distribution equipment under short-term parallel operation. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Before a trip command is transmitted in the power distribution equipment, the protection signal behavior sequence within the current time period is read and analyzed in advance, paying particular attention to the alternation between opening and closing signals. The reading includes: whether the opening signal is in operation, whether the operation is continuous, and whether the direction of operation is towards the power supply side or the load side; whether the closing signal is in an effective operation, whether its start time is immediately adjacent to the end time of the opening operation, and whether the direction of the closing operation is opposite to the direction of the previous opening operation. Subsequently, several behavioral segments with clear structural characteristics are extracted from the established reverse superposition sequence. These behavioral segments have characteristics such as opposite operation trends, temporal continuity, similar operation intensity, and high alternation frequency, used to describe abnormal behaviors that may occur in the equipment under abnormal conditions. By comparing the time, direction, duration, and order of occurrence of each action point in the current signal sequence, it is determined whether it matches a known sequence pattern in the reverse superposition sequence.

[0032] If the identification result shows that the current protection signal behavior is consistent with any defined abnormal action mode in the reverse superposition sequence, the freeze control logic is immediately entered, and the tripping signal on which the upcoming tripping command depends is frozen. The freeze operation stops the transmission of the tripping signal in its control path before the current action chain triggers an actual tripping output, temporarily interrupting subsequent action judgment. In the frozen state, all tripping signals within the current time period are temporarily stored in an internal data buffer and no longer enter the actual tripping path, preventing unplanned tripping actions due to misjudgment. The freeze does not affect the continued monitoring of other signals, but it will put the output path of the tripping chain into a pending confirmation state. During this process, the timestamp of the freeze time, the source device identifier of the freeze signal, the duration of the freeze signal, the direction information of the last action signal before the freeze, and the matching reverse superposition sequence number must be recorded as a reference for subsequent action recovery or intervention.

[0033] After the freeze operation is completed, the observation phase of the frozen state begins. Changes in protection signals during the freeze period are continuously tracked and analyzed to determine if there is a trend of behavioral recovery. Specific observations include: whether a new closing signal appears within the time window after the freeze, and whether its direction is consistent with the direction of the opening signal before the freeze; whether an opening signal with the same direction as the previous freeze action reappears during the freeze period, maintaining continuity of action; and whether the protection signal stabilizes within the freeze time window, characterized by no new action signals being triggered for an extended period. If any of the above conditions are met, it indicates that the equipment's current behavior may have escaped the abnormal state and is ready to be unfrozen. If a combination of signals with opposite directions, frequent alternation of actions, and long durations continuously appears within the freeze window, the abnormal state is considered to be ongoing, requiring an extension of the freeze time or transition to subsequent intervention steps. During this period, the risk level of the current frozen state can be dynamically assessed based on indicators such as the source of the freeze signal, the rate of behavioral change, and the number of repetitions of actions, to further adjust the tripping control strategy.

[0034] Based on the results of the freeze observation phase, a final decision is made on whether to resume trip command transmission or continue interrupting control. If, after a certain period of freeze, the protection signal behavior is identified as stabilizing, the signal direction remains consistent, and there is no longer any reverse superposition between the opening and closing signals, the system will lift the freeze and allow the trip command to continue being transmitted to the execution end when subsequent signals meet the trip conditions. If the freeze persists and signals within multiple consecutive time slices still constitute a reverse trend interference structure, the current state is determined to be in an abnormal mode, the trip command remains interrupted, and an abnormal freeze information is sent to the dispatching end or monitoring platform. Simultaneously, the entire freeze process information is recorded, including the freeze start and end times, freeze trigger conditions, the sequence of actions during the freeze process, and the reasons for the freeze being lifted or continued. Through this action blocking mechanism, the system not only proactively intervenes before a trip is triggered, identifying and controlling abnormal action chains in advance, but also achieves closed-loop intervention against abnormal tripping trends through a combination of freezing and analysis, fundamentally avoiding the risk of malfunctions caused by reverse signal superposition.

[0035] A breathing-type action coordination channel is established based on the frozen tripping signal. The limited-amplitude trial tripping signal and the delayed soft signal are output alternately according to the preset time cycle. The high-amplitude impact is dispersed by micro-scale misalignment control, reducing the risk of damage to the circuit breaker contacts caused by current superposition. To effectively reduce the damage to circuit breaker contacts caused by superimposed current, a breathing-type action coordination channel method based on a frozen trip signal is proposed. This method alternately outputs a limited-amplitude trial trip signal and a delayed blending signal, combined with micro-scale misalignment control, to disperse high-amplitude impacts and ensure long-term stable operation of the equipment. The implementation of this method consists of five specific steps, each described in detail from equipment behavior recognition to signal control, ensuring that each step meets technical requirements. The specific implementation process is as follows: Based on the frozen trip signal, a breathing cycle is determined to adjust the output frequency and time interval of tripping and closing actions. Setting the breathing cycle is crucial, as it determines the timing of the alternation between the probe signal and the softening signal. The length of this cycle is determined by multiple factors, including the actual operating status of the equipment, historical fault data, and the current load. Typically, the length of the breathing cycle should be dynamically adjusted according to the equipment's response characteristics and current fluctuations. For example, under low load conditions, the cycle can be shorter, allowing for rapid alternation between probe and softening signals; while under high load conditions, the cycle should be longer to ensure a stable current distribution. The set breathing cycle will serve as a time reference in subsequent signal outputs, preventing excessive current fluctuations during tripping and closing operations, thereby reducing contact impact.

[0036] After determining the breathing cycle, the amplitude of the trial trip signal is limited to ensure it does not exceed the equipment's maximum current load. The current amplitude of each trip action needs to be controlled by limiting the current to avoid destructive impacts from sudden current surges. Limiting the amplitude involves monitoring the strength of each trip signal, setting a current upper limit, and ensuring the signal output does not exceed this preset threshold. When the trip signal is triggered, the system assesses the current load state and adjusts the signal amplitude to ensure it remains within a controllable range. Amplitude limiting control not only controls the current upper limit but also smooths current fluctuations, preventing abrupt changes during current rises or falls. By limiting the signal output, the impact caused by excessive current can be reduced, effectively protecting the long-term operational safety of the equipment.

[0037] After probing the trip signal output, the system automatically outputs a delayed softening signal according to the set breathing cycle. The softening signal is not immediately synchronized with the trip signal, but rather responds with a delay to avoid overstimulating the equipment. The delay time is set considering the duration of the previous trip action, the load condition, and the smoothness of current changes. The key function of this delayed softening signal is to ensure that the closing signal does not prematurely engage with the trip signal, thereby preventing current superposition. Specifically, the delayed softening signal will initiate after the trip signal has been in effect for a certain period, and adjust its output in a timely manner according to the current response to avoid multiple peak currents superimposed in a short period. This smooth transition helps stabilize the current path and reduces the mechanical and electrical shocks to the equipment.

[0038] To further control the impact of the current, the system employs micro-scale misalignment control within each breathing cycle, ensuring that the outputs of the tripping signal and the softening signal do not occur simultaneously, but rather with a slight time difference. This time misalignment prevents excessive current fluctuations when the two signals alternate. The misalignment amplitude is determined by the real-time current load. For example, when the current load is high, the misalignment amplitude increases accordingly to effectively disperse the signal impact; when the load is low, the misalignment amplitude decreases appropriately to ensure the equipment is not affected by excessive operation. Specifically, the misalignment is implemented by adjusting the trigger times of the trial tripping signal and the delayed softening signal, ensuring that neither outputs a large current amplitude within the same cycle. This misalignment control ensures that each signal output does not directly impact another signal, thus smoothing current fluctuations and reducing damage to the equipment.

[0039] During each breathing cycle, the system adjusts the output parameters of the probe and softening signals based on real-time current changes, load conditions, and equipment response. Specifically, the system monitors current fluctuations after signal output in real time to assess the stability of the current path. If current fluctuations are significant, the system extends the output time of the softening signal and appropriately adjusts the strength of the probe tripping signal to ensure the current does not exceed the equipment's maximum carrying capacity. If the current path is stable, the output time of the softening signal can be appropriately shortened to ensure continued stable equipment operation. By dynamically adjusting output parameters, the system can respond to current fluctuations in real time, preventing equipment damage due to sudden events. The entire process, through real-time monitoring and automatic signal output adjustment, maximizes the dispersion of current surges and improves equipment stability and reliability.

[0040] This invention achieves precise localization of deviations in the action direction of protection signals by constructing a joint time chain and conflict time bands, enabling comprehensive identification of abnormal trends in the time dimension of tripping and closing signals. Introducing a matching mechanism of reverse superposition sequences before the action is triggered proactively blocks unplanned tripping paths, effectively avoiding repetitive operation behavior caused by signal misjudgment, suppressing protection malfunctions at the source, and improving the operational stability of power distribution equipment.

[0041] This invention establishes a breathing-style action coordination channel after freezing the tripping signal, employing an alternating output method of amplitude-limited probe signals and delayed blending signals, combined with micro-scale misalignment control, to effectively mitigate current surge loads during operation. This mechanism can disperse the originally concentrated high-energy current in a staggered manner over time, reducing the frequency and intensity of force impacts on the circuit breaker contacts, thereby extending the service life of the switching equipment and improving its mechanical reliability and operational response safety.

[0042] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligently determining the operating status of secondary power distribution equipment based on multi-dimensional signal deep analysis, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: In the short-term parallel operation state of the distribution network, the zero-sequence protection signal and the overcurrent protection signal are uniformly expanded on the same time scale to construct a joint time chain for capturing transient jumps; Multiple time points where the action direction deviates are located on the joint time chain, and the consecutive time points where the action direction deviates are connected in time sequence to form a conflict time band for marking the divergence area of ​​the protection signal direction. The order of opening and closing signals is analyzed point by point along the conflict time zone, and protection signals with opposite action trends and continuous occurrence in time are combined to form a reverse superposition sequence. During the transmission of the trip command, the contents of the reverse superimposed sequence are compared. When an action mode consistent with the preset sequence is detected, the subsequent trip signal is frozen, thus constructing an action blocking mechanism before the trip command is triggered. A breathing-type action coordination channel is established based on the frozen tripping signal. The limited-amplitude trial tripping signal and the delayed soft signal are output alternately according to the preset time period. The high-amplitude impact is dispersed by micro-scale misalignment control, reducing the risk of damage to the circuit breaker contacts caused by current superposition.

2. The intelligent method for determining the operating status of secondary power distribution equipment based on multi-dimensional signal deep analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps to construct a joint time chain are as follows: After the distribution network enters the short-term parallel operation state, the trip signal, action direction signal, start time signal and end time signal in the zero-sequence protection channel and the trip signal, action direction signal, start time signal and end time signal in the overcurrent protection channel are collected. The collected protection signals are time-remapped using the distribution master station clock as a reference to correct the time deviation of different protection devices, and the signals are sorted in a unified timestamp order to achieve time alignment. The zero-sequence protection signal and the overcurrent protection signal are expanded and superimposed on the same time axis on a unified time scale to construct a vertical data linked list; The jump nodes are identified along the time axis and integrated into a joint time chain in chronological order. In each time slice, the action status, direction identifier, start time, end time and jump type fields of the zero-sequence protection signal and the overcurrent protection signal are recorded.

3. The intelligent method for determining the operating status of secondary power distribution equipment based on multi-dimensional signal deep analysis according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of constructing conflict time zones is as follows: In the joint time chain, the direction identifiers of the zero-sequence protection signal and the overcurrent protection signal are extracted time slice by time slice. It is determined whether the two are out of directional control within the same time slice. If they are both in a non-idle state and have opposite directions, they are marked as the time point of out-of-directional control. Sort all time points of directional divergence in order of timestamp, and divide them into several directional divergence time periods based on whether the time interval between adjacent time points is less than a preset time interval threshold; Each directional deviation time period is converted into a directional conflict time band with a clear start and end time, and statistical fields are added to describe the continuity and intensity changes of conflict behavior. The action status, direction identifier, action intensity level, start time and end time of the zero-sequence protection signal and overcurrent protection signal corresponding to each time slice are embedded in the direction conflict time band to form a traceable behavior data structure.

4. The intelligent method for determining the operating status of secondary power distribution equipment based on multi-dimensional signal deep analysis according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each time slice in the direction conflict time band is equipped with a direction reversal identifier field, which is used to identify whether the zero-sequence protection signal and the overcurrent protection signal have switched directions in the current time slice. The first direction reversal type and the final direction reversal type are recorded in the start time slice and end time slice of the direction conflict time band, respectively.

5. The intelligent method for determining the operating status of secondary power distribution equipment based on multi-dimensional signal deep analysis according to claim 3, characterized in that, The steps for forming an inverse superposition sequence are as follows: In the conflict time zone, the tripping action signal and the closing action signal are extracted time slice by time, and their start time, end time, action direction and action status are extracted to form two signal trajectory arrays arranged by time. The start and end sequence and direction of the tripping and closing action signals on the time axis are compared based on the signal trajectory array to identify sequential pairs with opposite action trends. Multiple adjacent sequential pairs are spliced ​​together according to temporal continuity to construct behavior segments with mutually inverse action directions and continuous behavior states. The start and end times, number of alternations, and direction combinations of each segment are extracted. All identified behavior segments are integrated into a reverse superimposed sequence in chronological order, and their start and end times, number of behavior segments, total number of action alternations, direction combination form, and interference density field are recorded.

6. The intelligent method for determining the operating status of secondary power distribution equipment based on multi-dimensional signal deep analysis according to claim 5, characterized in that, During the transmission of the trip command, the reverse superimposed sequence content is compared. When an action pattern consistent with the preset sequence is detected, subsequent trip signals are frozen. The steps to construct the action blocking mechanism before the trip command is triggered are as follows: Before the trip command is about to be transmitted, extract the start and end times, action direction and duration of the opening and closing signals in the current time period, and compare them with the known action patterns in the reverse superimposed sequence. When the current protection signal behavior is identified as consistent with any abnormal action mode, the trip signal on which the trip command depends is frozen, and the timestamp of the freezing time, the signal source identifier, the freezing duration and the corresponding reverse superposition sequence number are recorded. While the circuit is frozen, continuously observe the subsequent changes in the protection signal and track whether a closing signal with the same direction or a stable operating trend appears. Based on the continuous characteristics of the protection signal during the freeze period, a decision is made on whether to resume the transmission of the trip command or maintain the freeze state, and the behavioral information of the entire freeze process is output as the basis for trip control decision.

7. The intelligent method for determining the operating status of secondary power distribution equipment based on multi-dimensional signal deep analysis according to claim 6, characterized in that, After the freeze operation is completed, the continuous observation of the protection signal includes determining whether the direction of the closing signal is consistent with the direction of the opening signal before the freeze, whether the opening signal remains continuous, and whether the signal enters a stable range with no action for a long time within the freeze window. These are used as the basis for determining whether to unfreeze.

8. The intelligent method for determining the operating status of secondary power distribution equipment based on multi-dimensional signal deep analysis according to claim 6, characterized in that, A breathing-style action coordination channel is established based on the frozen tripping signal. Limiting trial tripping signals and delayed blending signals are alternately output according to a preset time period. The high-amplitude signal is dispersed through micro-scale misalignment control. The steps are as follows: The breathing cycle is set based on the freeze trip signal, and the cycle length is dynamically adjusted according to the equipment operating status, historical fault data and current load. During the respiratory cycle, a limited-amplitude test trip signal is output. By setting an upper limit on the current of the signal amplitude, the impact caused by a sudden increase in current is avoided. After the limited-amplitude test trip signal is output, a delayed blending signal is output according to the respiratory cycle, and the blending time is set to control the time interval between signals. Microscale misalignment control is introduced within each respiratory cycle, and time misalignment is formed by adjusting the triggering timing of the amplitude-limited trial trip signal and the delayed blending signal; The output parameters of the test signal and the blending signal are adjusted in real time according to the current fluctuations during each breathing cycle to control the current amplitude and improve the stability of equipment operation.

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