Anti-fluid treatment agents and garments treated therewith

Abstract

In one aspect, a fabric material treated with an anti-fluid treatment comprising an anti-water composition and an anti-oil composition is disclosed. The anti-fluid treatment agent may be substantially free of fluorocarbon compounds. The firefighter uniform may be made of a fabric material that provides water and / or oil resistance.

Description

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application is based on and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 535,632, filed August 31, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Background Technology

[0003] There are various types of protective clothing designed to provide protection for the wearer. In some implementations, for example, protective clothing is designed to provide protection against liquids such as water and / or oil. Such protective clothing is typically worn by firefighters, for example.

[0004] It is worth noting that the absorption and retention of moisture and / or oil can have adverse effects on both the clothing and the wearer (e.g., firefighters). For example, if clothing retains moisture, protective clothing may become significantly heavier and / or affect the thermal properties of the clothing, making it less effective in protecting the wearer from heat. Furthermore, for example, if clothing absorbs and / or retains oil, protective clothing may have reduced breathability, reduced chemical resistance, and / or may become susceptible to contamination. Therefore, water and oil repellency are important considerations in clothing and fabric treatments.

[0005] In the past, treatment agents used to provide water and / or oil repellency contained fluorocarbon chemicals. Generally, fluorocarbon chemicals are durable and provide sufficient water and oil resistance. However, recently, various manufacturers, including fabric manufacturers, have been placed under increased pressure to reduce the amount of fluorocarbons incorporated into their products. For example, fluorocarbons are not easily biodegradable and can remain in landfills for many years to come. Furthermore, the manufacture and treatment of fluorocarbons have been subject to greater scrutiny and government regulation.

[0006] Therefore, there is a current need for water- and oil-resistant compositions or treatments that can be applied to protective clothing, are free of or substantially free of fluorocarbon chemicals, and provide water and oil resistance. More specifically, there is a need for durable water- and oil-resistant compositions or treatments that are substantially or substantially free of fluorocarbon chemicals and can be applied to all types of clothing and garment layers, such as turnout gear used by firefighters. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Generally, this disclosure relates to protective clothing that can provide barrier protection against all different types of fluids, including water and oil. This disclosure also relates to protective clothing that is substantially free of fluorocarbons. Furthermore, this disclosure relates to fabric materials used in the production of the aforementioned protective clothing.

[0008] In one aspect, this disclosure relates to protective clothing comprising: a fabric material including woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, or combinations thereof, the fabric material being treated with an anti-fluid treatment agent, the anti-fluid treatment agent being impregnated with the fabric material, the anti-fluid treatment agent being substantially free of fluorocarbons, the anti-fluid treatment agent comprising a water-resistant composition and an oil-resistant composition, the oil-resistant composition comprising a polymer containing organosilicon. It is noteworthy that the protective clothing may include fire-fighting suits.

[0009] The water-resistant composition may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in an amount from about 0.05% by weight to about 40% by weight. Furthermore, the water-resistant composition may contain an acrylic emulsion and / or may be substantially free of fluorocarbons.

[0010] The anti-oil composition may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in an amount from about 0.05% by weight to about 40% by weight. Furthermore, the anti-oil composition may comprise a cationic stabilized emulsion, may have a pH from about 2 to about 8, and / or may be substantially free of fluorocarbons.

[0011] In one aspect, the anti-fluid treatment agent may contain one or more wetting agents, wherein one or more wetting agents include isopropanol. Furthermore, the anti-fluid treatment agent may contain one or more crosslinking agents, wherein one or more crosslinking agents include polyurethane.

[0012] In one aspect, the water-resistant composition and one or more wetting agents may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 4:1 to about 40:1. Furthermore, in one aspect, the water-resistant composition and one or more crosslinking agents may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 1:2 to about 15:1.

[0013] In one aspect, the anti-oil composition and one or more wetting agents may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 5:1 to about 50:1. Furthermore, the anti-oil composition and one or more crosslinking agents may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 1:2 to about 15:1.

[0014] It is worth noting that the water-resistant composition and the oil-resistant composition may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1.

[0015] In one aspect, the anti-oil composition may comprise a cationically stabilized organosilicon-containing polymer.

[0016] In one aspect, the oil-resistant composition may contain one or more side groups having the following structures:

[0017]

[0018] R1, R2, and R3 are each independently alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and / or pentyl), alkoxy (e.g., methoxy and / or ethoxy), aryl, hydroxyl, halogen group, –O–SiR' group, –O–SiOR' group, or combinations thereof, wherein the R' group is independently selected from alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and / or pentyl) and / or aryl;

[0019] Each L represents a linking group containing alkyl, aryl, silyl, or combinations thereof. Generally, the linking group can be –O–, –CH2–, –(CH2)2–, –(CH2)3–, –Si(CH3)2O–, –OSi(CH3)2O–, –CH2CH3O–, –OSi(CH2CH3)2O–, –CH2O–, –(CH2)2O–, –CH2C=O–, –OC=ONH–, –CH2N–, –CH2SO2–. Groups, Groups, Group, where n is a value from 0 to 40.

[0020] In one aspect, the oil-resistant composition may contain one or more side groups having the following structures:

[0021]

[0022] R1, R2 and R3 are each independently alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and / or pentyl), alkoxy (e.g., methoxy and / or ethoxy), aryl, hydroxyl, halogen group, –O–SiR' group, –O–SiOR' group, or a combination thereof, wherein the R' group is independently selected from alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and / or pentyl) and / or aryl.

[0023] In one aspect, this disclosure relates to an anti-fluid treatment agent comprising: a water-resistant composition; and an oil-resistant composition comprising a polymer containing organosilicon; wherein the anti-fluid treatment agent may be substantially free of fluorocarbons, and wherein the water-resistant composition and the oil-resistant composition may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1.

[0024] The anti-fluid treatment agent may contain one or more wetting agents, wherein the water-resistant composition and one or more wetting agents may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 4:1 to about 40:1, and wherein the oil-resistant composition and one or more wetting agents may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 5:1 to about 50:1.

[0025] The anti-fluid treatment agent may contain one or more crosslinking agents, wherein the water-resistant composition and one or more crosslinking agents may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 1:2 to about 15:1, and wherein the oil-resistant composition and one or more crosslinking agents may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 1:2 to about 15:1.

[0026] Other features and aspects of this disclosure are discussed in more detail below. Attached Figure Description

[0027] In the remainder of the specification, including with reference to the accompanying drawings, the full and feasible aspects of this disclosure are set forth in particular, in which:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of one embodiment of a protective suit manufactured according to this disclosure;

[0029] Figure 2 It can be merged. Figure 1 The image shows a cross-sectional view of the inner lining of the garment.

[0030] Figure 3A to Figure 3F This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of spray levels in a standardized fabric spray test;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of one embodiment of a protective suit including trousers manufactured according to this disclosure; and

[0032] Figure 5 This is an example of the oil repellency category in the standardized oil repellency test.

[0033] The reference numerals used repeatedly in this specification and drawings are intended to indicate the same or similar features or elements of the invention.

[0034] Definition and standardization procedures

[0035] The following definitions and procedures are provided to better describe and quantify the performance of protective clothing and fabrics manufactured according to the present invention compared with existing technology constructions.

[0036] Water repellency: Spray test AATCC TM22-2017.

[0037] As used herein, a fabric spray rating refers to the rating of a fabric or material according to AATCC TM22-2017. Typically, spray testing measures a material's resistance to water wetting.

[0038] According to the present invention, the following is a procedure for determining the spray rating of a material.

[0039] 1. Before testing, the 7"×7" material sample to be tested should be conditioned at 65±2% relative humidity and 70±2°F for at least four hours.

[0040] 2. Securely fasten the fabric sample to the 6" metal ring to prevent wrinkles. Support the ring on the testing platform with the fabric side facing up. Position the twill, gabardine, textured, or similar ribbed fabric on the platform so that the ribs are diagonally opposite to the flow of water from the fabric. Place a water funnel connected to the nozzle 6" above the center of the fabric.

[0041] 3. Pour 250 ml of water at 80±2°F from a cup or other container into a funnel to spray the water onto the fabric.

[0042] 4. After the water has passed through the funnel, holding one edge of the ring, strike the opposite edge once against a solid object, with the fabric facing the object. Then rotate the ring 180° and strike it again at the previously held point.

[0043] 5. Then compare the wetted or spotted fabric sample with Figures 3A to 3B. Figure 3F The standards shown are compared. The fabric is assigned a spray rating corresponding to the most recent standard. See Figures 3A to... Figure 3F As shown above, fabrics can be rated from 0 to 100, where 0 indicates that the entire fabric is wetted, and 100 indicates that no fabric is wetted.

[0044] Rejection of aqueous liquids: Water / alcohol solution resistance test (AATCC TM193-2017)

[0045] The following standardized water repellency test determines a material's resistance to wetting by aqueous liquids. Typically, droplets of a water-alcohol mixture with varying surface tensions are placed on the material surface, and the degree of surface wetting is visually assessed. A higher rating indicates greater resistance to water-based substances. The composition of the standard test liquid is as follows:

[0046]

[0047] The water-repellent process is as follows:

[0048] 1. First, conditioned the 8"×8" material sample at 65±2% relative humidity and 70±2°F for at least four hours. Place the fabric side up horizontally on white absorbent paper.

[0049] 2. Starting with test liquid #1, place one drop of liquid at three locations on the material. The droplets placed on the material should be 2" apart.

[0050] 3. Observe the material from an angle of approximately 45° for 10 seconds.

[0051] 4. If two of the three droplets do not wet the fabric or show no penetration into the fabric, place a droplet of test liquid #2 in an adjacent location and repeat step #3.

[0052] 5. Continue the procedure until two out of three droplets wet the fabric or show signs of wicking into the fabric. The water repellency rating is the highest number of liquids for which two out of three droplets do not wet the fabric or show signs of wicking into the fabric.

[0053] Oil repellency: Hydrocarbon resistance test AATCC™ 118-2020

[0054] The following standardized oil repellency test determines a material's resistance to wetting by various hydrocarbons with different surface tensions. A series of standard test liquids composed of different hydrocarbons with different surface tensions are carefully placed on the fabric surface. The behavior of these liquids on the fabric is observed, focusing on wetting, wicking, and contact angle. The results are reported as numerical grades ranging from 8 (representing the highest oil repellency) to 0 (representing the lowest oil repellency). Intermediate grades (called half grades) may also be assigned. If the fabric cannot repel the mineral oil test liquid, a grade of zero (0) is given. The composition of the standard test liquids is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] 1. Before testing, conditioned the 8"×8" material sample at 65±2% relative humidity and 70±2°F for at least four hours. Place the fabric side up on white absorbent paper in a horizontal position.

[0057] 2. Starting with liquid #1, place droplets with a diameter of approximately 5 ml or a volume of 0.05 μL at several locations on the test sample.

[0058] 3. Observe the droplet at an angle of approximately 45° for 30 ± 2 seconds. Wetting of the fabric is usually indicated by darkening at the liquid / fabric interface. On black or dark-colored fabrics, wetting can be detected by the loss of sparkle within the droplet. The wetted or spotted fabric sample can be compared with... Figure 5 The categories shown are compared. A key factor in determining the oil-repellency rating is wicking. For example, as... Figure 5 As shown, if a sample does not exhibit wicking but rather diffusion, it is classified as category A. On the other hand, as... Figure 5 As shown, if a sample exhibits wicking while still maintaining a contact angle, it will fall into category C.

[0059] 4. If liquid #1 does not penetrate or wet the fabric or does not show wicking around the droplet, place a droplet of liquid #2 on an adjacent section of the fabric and observe for 30 seconds.

[0060] 5. Continue the procedure until the fabric shows signs of wetting under or around the droplet of test liquid within 30 seconds. The AATCC oil repellency rating of the sample is the number of the highest-numbered test liquid that does not wet the fabric or show wicking within 30 seconds.

[0061] Dimensional changes of fabrics after household washing (AATCC TM135-2018)

[0062] Washing is preferably performed in an automatic washing machine, followed by drying in an automatic dryer. The following washing tests are used to determine the fabric's ability to withstand washing. Typically, after washing, the fabric is then subjected to the spray test, water repellency test, and oil repellency test described above.

[0063] 1. Combine an 8"×10" test specimen with a load fabric (36"×36" cotton or a 50:50 fabric sheet binding) to obtain a total dry load of 4 pounds.

[0064] 2. The instrument panel settings on the washing machine are as follows:

[0065] High water level

[0066] Standard washing cycle: 12 minutes

[0067] Warm wash at 105°F; cold rinse

[0068] Place the test specimen and simulated load into the washing machine and start the machine. With the washing machine full of soft water, add one ounce of TIDE (Proctor & Gamble) detergent. If the water hardness is greater than 5 ppm, add the manufacturer-specified amount of CALGON water softener (Nalco) to soften the water.

[0069] 3. After washing, place the damp fabric, including the simulated load, into the automatic dryer. Set the dryer temperature gauge to the appropriate point on high heat to achieve a maximum ventilation temperature of approximately 155°F to approximately 160°F. Set the time gauge to "Standard Cycle" 45 minutes. Start the machine and allow drying to continue until the cycle is complete. The above represents one washing cycle.

[0070] 4. Then wash and dry the fabric again until 10 cycles are completed. Optionally, the test fabric can be pressed against each side for 30 seconds at 280°F to approximately 320°F using a hand iron or equivalent, with the right side pressed last. The fabric is then conditioned before testing water repellency, oil repellency, or spray rating. As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, water repellency, oil repellency, and spray rating are all determined without ironing the fabric after washing.

[0071] Water absorption resistance test

[0072] The following absorbency test is used to determine the water resistance of fabrics or materials. The test is based on NFPA 1971-2018, 8-25. Specifically, the absorbency test is performed according to the above test method after the fabric or material has undergone five washing cycles according to NFPA 1971, 8-1.2 (or AATCC TM135-2018 - 1,V, Ai).

[0073] According to the present invention, the following is a procedure for determining the water absorption rating of a material.

[0074] 1. According to NFPA 1971, 8-1.2, three 8"×8" material samples to be tested were subjected to five washing cycles. The test method NFPA 1972, 8-1.2 is essentially similar to the washing test described above. However, in this test, the samples were conditioned at 70±2°F and 65±2% relative humidity before and after washing. Furthermore, the machine settings and parameters are as follows:

[0075] Water level standard

[0076] Standard washing cycle / Heavy wash for cotton and linen

[0077] Washing temperature 140±5°F

[0078] Drying cycle tumbling / strong drying of cotton and linen

[0079] Detergent 66±1 g 1993 AATCC standard reference detergent

[0080] 2. Securely mount each sample to the embroidery hoop with sufficient tension to ensure a uniformly flat surface, with the coated side of the material facing upwards. Support the hoop on the testing platform. Position the material such that the direction of water flow along the sample aligns with the warp direction of the sample as it is placed on the platform. Place a water funnel connected to the nozzle 24" above the center of the material. Position the sample surface at a 45° angle to the horizontal plane.

[0081] 3. Quickly pour 500 ml of water at a temperature of 80±2°F into the funnel and spray it onto the sample.

[0082] 4. Remove the sample from the ring as quickly as possible and place it between two sheets of absorbent paper on a flat, level surface. Roll a metal roller, approximately 4 1 / 2" long and weighing 2 1 / 4 pounds, quickly back and forth once over the paper without applying any pressure other than the weight of the roller.

[0083] 5. Cut a 4"×4" square from the center of the sample and weigh it to an accuracy of 0.05 grams. The time between the water stopping flowing through the spray nozzle and the start of weighing should not exceed 30 seconds.

[0084] 6. Then leave the same 4"×4" square sample in the conditioning chamber until it is dry and reaches equilibrium with the ambient humidity. Then weigh the sample again.

[0085] 7. The absorbed water should be calculated as follows:

[0086]

[0087] Here, W represents the weight of the wet sample, and O represents the weight of the dry sample. The absorbency rating of the sample is the average of the results obtained from three test specimens.

[0088] Water repellency: Tumble Jar Dynamic Absorption Test

[0089] The following tests also measured the water-repellent properties of the finishing agent applied to the fabric, as the tests subjected the treated fabric to dynamic conditions similar to those frequently encountered during actual use. The tests conformed to AATCC TM70-2015.

[0090] According to the present invention, the following is a procedure for determining the dynamic water absorption rating of a material.

[0091] 1. During the testing period, two test sets were tested. Each test set consisted of five 8"×8" material pieces. For each cut piece, the corner yarns were removed, and if necessary, droplets of liquid latex or rubber binder were placed at the corners to prevent scattering. Before testing, each material piece was conditioned at 65±2% relative humidity and 70±2°F for at least four hours. The absorbent paper to be used later was also conditioned.

[0092] 2. Roll up the five pieces of each sample group together and weigh them to an accuracy of 0.1 grams.

[0093] 3. Pour two liters of distilled water (80±2°F) into the tumbling bottle of the dynamic absorption analyzer. The dynamic absorption analyzer should consist of a 6-liter cylindrical or hexagonal bottle driven by a motor, approximately 6" in diameter and 12" in length, mounted to tumble at a constant tangential speed of 55±2 rpm. The bottle can be made of glass, corrosion-resistant metal, or chemical stoneware.

[0094] 4. Place the two sample sets into the bottle and rotate the bottle in the tester for 20 minutes.

[0095] 5. Then immediately pass one sample set through the ring at a rate of 1" per second, with the edge of the sample parallel to the roller. Clamp the sample between two sheets of unused absorbent paper and pass it through the ring again. Clamp the sample between wet absorbent paper. Then repeat the process for the remaining four samples in the sample set. Remove the absorbent paper, roll the five samples together, place them in a tare-weighted plastic container or a gallon-sized zip-lock plastic bag, and weigh the wet sample set to an accuracy of 0.1 grams. The mass of the wet sample set should not exceed twice its dry mass.

[0096] 6. Repeat step 5 for the second sample group.

[0097] 7. Calculate the dynamic water absorption of each sample group using the following equation, accurate to 0.1%:

[0098] WA=(WC) / C×100

[0099] in

[0100] WA = Absorbed water, %

[0101] W = weight of the wet sample, in grams

[0102] C = Adjusted sample weight, g.

[0103] 8. The dynamic water absorption of a material is determined by averaging the water absorbed by each of the two sample groups.

[0104] 9. According to the present invention, the dynamic water absorption rating of the material can be determined after washing the sample according to NFPA 1971, 8-1.2. For example, the samples can be tested after 10 washing cycles and after 20 washing cycles to determine the durability of the water-resistant coating.

[0105] As used in this article, the air permeability of fabrics (e.g., coated fabrics) is tested according to ASTM Test D737 (2018). Detailed Implementation

[0106] Reference will now be made in detail to various aspects of the disclosed subject matter, of which one or more examples are set forth below. The aspects are provided by way of illustration of the subject matter, not as a limitation thereof. Indeed, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to this disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the subject matter. For example, a feature shown or described as part of one aspect may be used in another aspect to produce yet another aspect.

[0107] Generally, this disclosure relates to protective clothing, which is particularly well-suited to protect the user from fluids and provides an impermeable barrier to many liquids. It is noteworthy that such protective clothing may be particularly advantageous for firefighters. Specifically, garments formed according to this disclosure can have enhanced water and oil resistance. According to this disclosure, the protective clothing is made of fabric material treated with an anti-fluid treatment agent. The anti-fluid treatment agent may comprise a water-repellent composition and an oil-repellent composition. Furthermore, the anti-fluid treatment agent may be substantially free of fluorocarbons and can be applied as a finishing agent impregnated into the fabric material. Typically, the combined properties of the water-repellent and oil-repellent compositions can substantially impede or prevent the penetration of water and / or oil (e.g., engine oil and / or vegetable oil (e.g., corn oil)). Particularly advantageously, the treated fabric material according to this disclosure also exhibits excellent durability and can display the above properties after multiple washing cycles.

[0108] The treated protective clothing according to this disclosure can be used in all different types of fields and applications. As used herein, protective clothing refers to any garment or article worn on the body, and it may include any part of a protective suit. Notably, for example, protective clothing can be used by firefighters. Protective clothing may include shoes, trousers, work clothes, jackets, outer garments, shirts, headwear, hoods, gloves, wrist straps, suspenders, etc., and may be one or more components of a duty gear set. Notably, the treated protective clothing according to this disclosure may include shelter equipment materials and clothing. Shelter equipment materials and clothing may include an outer cover, a moisture barrier, and an insulating lining.

[0109] In another aspect, the anti-fluid treatment agents of this disclosure can be used to treat other fabric materials. For example, packages or bags (e.g., first responder packages, trauma packages, airway management packages, oxygen packages, medicine packages, medical supply packages, etc.) can be treated with the anti-fluid treatment agents of this disclosure.

[0110] It should be understood that throughout this specification, all disclosed numerical values ​​(e.g., weight percentage, concentration) should be interpreted as being modified by the term "about" (unless explicitly stated otherwise), and then as not being modified in this way. For example, the value "100" should be understood to disclose both "100" and "about 100". Furthermore, it should be understood that throughout this specification, when describing ranges of numerical values ​​(e.g., weight percentage, concentration), any quantity within the range and each quantity within that range is disclosed, including the endpoints and all quantities in between. For example, the range "1 to 100" should be understood to disclose both the range "1 to 100, including all quantities in between" and the range "about 1 to about 100, including all quantities in between". Quantities in between can be separated by any incremental values. It is noteworthy that some aspects of the invention may omit one or more features disclosed herein. It should be understood that any concentration value disclosed herein may refer to mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, or volume concentration.

[0111] Generally, the anti-fluid treatment agents and / or one or more components thereof (e.g., water-resistant compositions, oil-resistant compositions) of this disclosure may be substantially free of fluorocarbon chemicals. It is noteworthy that fabric materials and / or garments treated with the anti-fluid treatment agents and / or one or more components thereof (e.g., water-resistant compositions, oil-resistant compositions) may be substantially free of fluorocarbon chemicals. As used herein, substantially free means that the fabric material, garment, and / or the anti-fluid treatment agents and / or one or more components thereof (e.g., water-resistant compositions, oil-resistant compositions) contain fluorocarbon chemicals in an amount of less than about 2% by weight, for example, less than about 1% by weight, for example, less than about 0.5% by weight, for example, less than about 0.25% by weight, for example, less than about 0.1% by weight. Furthermore, for example, the treated fabric materials, fabric layers, and / or garments according to this disclosure may contain fluorine in amounts less than about 1,000 ppm, such as less than about 500 ppm, such as less than about 100 ppm, such as less than about 50 ppm, such as less than about 40 ppm, such as less than about 30 ppm, such as less than about 20 ppm. In some aspects, the treated fabric materials, fabric layers, and / or garments according to this disclosure may contain fluorine in amounts greater than about 0 ppm. Furthermore, for example, the treated fabric materials, fabric layers and / or garments according to this disclosure may contain fluorine in amounts less than about 1,000 ppb, such as less than about 500 ppb, such as less than about 100 ppb, such as less than about 50 ppb, such as less than about 40 ppb, such as less than about 30 ppb, such as less than about 20 ppb.

[0112] Typically, the fluorine content in fabric materials, fabric layers, and / or garments can be determined using particle-induced gamma emission (PIGE). PIGE is a form of nuclear reaction analysis using ion beam analysis via thin-film analysis techniques. A MeV proton beam is projected onto a sample of fabric material, fabric layer, and / or garment; the protons excite the target nuclei, causing them to emit gamma rays, which can produce a spectrum used to determine the fluorine content.

[0113] In one aspect, the antifluid treatment agent and / or one or more of its components (e.g., water-resistant compositions, oil-resistant compositions) are free from or substantially free from perfluorinated carboxylic acids, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). For example, PFOA or any perfluorinated carboxylic acid may be present in the antifluid treatment agent and / or its components in an amount of less than about 2% by weight, for example, less than about 1% by weight, for example, less than 0.5% by weight, for example, less than about 0.25% by weight, for example, less than about 0.1% by weight. Furthermore, for example, PFOA or any perfluorinated carboxylic acid may be present in the treated fabrics and / or treated garments in an amount of less than about 2% by weight, for example, less than about 1% by weight, for example, less than 0.5% by weight, for example, less than about 0.25% by weight, for example, less than about 0.1% by weight.

[0114] In another aspect, the antifluid treatment agent and / or one or more of its components (e.g., water-resistant compositions, oil-resistant compositions) may be free of or substantially free of polyfluoroalkyl compounds, including C6 compounds. For example, the antifluid treatment agent and / or any of its components may contain one or more polyfluoroalkyl compounds in amounts less than about 2% by weight, such as less than about 1% by weight, such as less than about 0.5% by weight, such as less than about 0.25% by weight, such as less than about 0.1% by weight. Furthermore, for example, treated fabric layers, treated fabric materials, and / or treated garments may contain one or more polyfluoroalkyl compounds in amounts less than about 2% by weight, such as less than about 1% by weight, such as less than about 0.5% by weight, such as less than about 0.25% by weight, such as less than about 0.1% by weight.

[0115] Typically, anti-fluid treatment agents may contain one or more binders and / or one or more crosslinking agents in combination with various other ingredients and components. For example, anti-fluid treatment agents may also contain one or more softeners.

[0116] In one aspect, the anti-fluid treatment agent may include a binder. The binder included in the anti-fluid treatment agent may include a polyurethane polymer. Typically, the polyurethane polymer can be formed by the reaction of an isocyanate and a polyol. Particularly advantageously, the polyurethane polymer can be water-based, and therefore can be applied to the fabric as an aqueous dispersion. The polyurethane polymer can be a polyester / ether polyurethane polymer, such as anionic aliphatic polyester / ether polyurethane. In one aspect, only a single binder may be used in the formulation. However, in other aspects, multiple binders may be used as needed.

[0117] Typically, the above-mentioned adhesives can be combined with one or more crosslinking agents. For example, in one aspect, the anti-fluid treatment agent comprises a combination of a first polyurethane polymer and a second polyurethane polymer as described above, wherein the second polyurethane polymer is a crosslinking agent. The second polyurethane polymer may contain a terminated isocyanate, such as an oxime-terminated isocyanate. The terminated isocyanate may be formed from an isocyanate moiety and a suitable terminating agent. Notably, for example, the terminated isocyanate may be formed from an NCO-terminated polyurethane prepolymer.

[0118] In some aspects, as previously disclosed herein, the anti-fluid treatment agent may comprise one or more crosslinking agents. In one aspect, one or more crosslinking agents may comprise ethyl acrylate polymers and / or end-capped isocyanates. In another aspect, one or more crosslinking agents may comprise cellulosic crosslinking agents. One or more crosslinking agents may be cationic or nonionic. In some aspects, one or more crosslinking agents may comprise nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and / or anionic surfactants.

[0119] Typically, one or more crosslinking agents can be self-crosslinking, allowing crosslinking of molecular chains to occur without the inclusion of additives to promote crosslinking. The presence of one or more crosslinking agents is intended to further increase water and oil resistance, as well as abrasion resistance and improve UV stability.

[0120] The capping agent for the isocyanate can be selectively selected from a variety of capping agents. In one aspect, the capping agent can be selected from phenols. For example, phenols such as phenol, methylphenol, nonylphenol, chlorophenol, butylphenol, and alkylphenol can be used as capping agents. In another aspect, the capping agent can be selected from lactams. For example, lactams such as ε-caprolactam, β-propiolactam, γ-butyrolactam, and δ-valerolactam can be used as capping agents. In yet another aspect, the capping agent can be selected from pyrazoles. For example, pyrazoles such as pyrazole, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, and 3,5-dimethyl-4-nitropyrazole can be used as capping agents. In yet another aspect, the capping agent can be selected from oximes. For example, oximes such as methyl ethyl ketone oxime, acetone oxime, and cyclohexanone oxime can be used as capping agents. In yet another aspect, the capping agent can be selected from imidazole compounds. For example, imidazole compounds such as imidazole, 2-methylimidazolium, 2-ethylimidazolium, and 2-isopropylimidazolium can be used as capping agents.

[0121] It should be noted that all capping agents previously disclosed herein include a non-limiting list. Therefore, capping agents may be selected from other compounds, including but not limited to alcohols, active methylene compounds, amides, isohydroxamic acid salts, bisulfite addition compounds, dicarbonyl compounds, hydroxyamines, and / or esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and salicylic acid.

[0122] In one aspect, the concentration of one or more crosslinking agents in the anti-fluid treatment agent can be from about 0.05% to about 20%, including all increments of 0.01% therebetween. For example, one or more crosslinking agents can be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent at a concentration of about 0.05% or greater, such as about 0.1% or greater, such as about 0.5% or greater, such as about 1% or greater, such as about 2% or greater, such as about 3% or greater, such as about 4% or greater, such as about 5% or greater, such as about 6% or greater, such as about 7% or greater, such as about 8% or greater, such as about 9% or greater, such as about 10% or greater, such as about 15% or greater. Typically, the concentration of one or more crosslinking agents in the antifluid treatment agent is about 20% or less, for example, about 15% or less, for example, about 10% or less, for example, about 9% or less, for example, about 8% or less, for example, about 7% or less, for example, about 6% or less, for example, about 5% or less, for example, about 4% or less, for example, about 3% or less, for example, about 2% or less, for example, about 1% or less, for example, about 0.5% or less, for example, about 0.2% or less. The aforementioned percentages may also be based on the weight of one or more crosslinking agents in the antifluid treatment agent, based on the weight of the antifluid treatment agent. In this respect, based on the weight of the antifluid treatment agent, one or more crosslinking agents may be present in the antifluid treatment agent in an amount from about 0.05% by weight to about 20% by weight (including all increments of 0.01% by weight therein).

[0123] In some aspects, the anti-fluid treatment agent may comprise one or more wetting agents. In one aspect, the wetting agent may include ethoxylated fatty alcohol, isopropanol, or a combination thereof. It is worth noting that the wetting agents of this disclosure may be selectively chosen such that all or most of the wetting agent evaporates during the drying and / or curing of the garment.

[0124] When the anti-fluid treatment agent disclosed herein contains a wetting agent, the wetting agent can improve the uniformity of application of the anti-fluid treatment agent, so that the anti-fluid treatment agent uniformly impregnates the fibers of the garment. For example, isopropanol can reduce the surface tension of the anti-fluid treatment agent, so that the anti-fluid treatment agent uniformly impregnates the fibers of the garment.

[0125] Typically, wetting agents can have a pH of about 4.0 to about 9.0, such as 4.0 or greater, such as 5.0 or greater, such as 6.0 or greater, such as 7.0 or greater, such as 8.0 or greater. Typically, wetting agents have a pH less than 9.0, such as 8.0 or less, such as 7.0 or less, such as 6.0 or less, such as 5.0 or less.

[0126] In one aspect, the concentration of one or more wetting agents in the anti-fluid treatment agent can be from about 0.01% to about 10%, including all increments of 0.01% therebetween. For example, one or more wetting agents can be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent at concentrations of about 0.01% or greater, such as about 0.05% or greater, such as about 0.1% or greater, such as about 0.2% or greater, such as about 0.3% or greater, such as about 0.4% or greater, such as about 0.5% or greater, such as about 0.6% or greater, such as about 0.7% or greater, such as about 0.8% or greater, such as about 0.9% or greater, such as about 1.0% or greater, such as about 2% or greater, such as about 5% or greater. Typically, the concentration of one or more wetting agents in an anti-fluid treatment agent is about 10% or less, for example, about 5% or less, for example, about 2% or less, for example, about 1% or less, for example, about 0.9% or less, for example, about 0.8% or less, for example, about 0.7% or less, for example, about 0.6% or less, for example, about 0.5% or less, for example, about 0.4% or less, for example, about 0.3% or less, for example, about 0.2% or less, for example, about 0.1% or less. The aforementioned percentages may also be based on the weight of the wetting agent in the anti-fluid treatment agent. In this respect, based on the weight of the anti-fluid treatment agent, one or more wetting agents may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in an amount from about 0.01% by weight to about 10% by weight (including all increments of 0.01% by weight therein).

[0127] In some aspects, one or more wetting agents and one or more crosslinking agents may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 1:40 to about 1:1 (inclusive of all incremental ratios therein). For example, the wetting agent may be present in a weight ratio of about 1:40 or greater, such as about 1:30 or greater, such as about 1:25 or greater, such as about 1:20 or greater, such as about 1:15 or greater, such as about 1:10 or greater, such as about 1:5 or greater, such as about 1:1 or less, such as about 1:5 or less, such as about 1:10 or less, such as about 1:15 or less, such as about 1:20 or less, such as about 1:25 or less, such as about 1:30 or less.

[0128] In one aspect, the anti-fluid treatment agent may comprise one or more softening agents. In another aspect, the softening agent may comprise a crosslinkable silicone elastomer. For example, the softening agent may comprise an amino-functionalized silicone crude emulsion. In another aspect, the softening agent may comprise an emulsion of a polyalkylene polymer. In yet another aspect, the softening agent is a polyethylene polymer, such as a lower molecular weight polyethylene polymer. The softening agent can provide strong fiber lubrication properties, improved sewing properties, improved shape recovery and tensile recovery, increased wash resistance, and wrinkle resistance. Notably, in one aspect, the anti-fluid treatment agent may comprise one or more hydrophobic softening agents.

[0129] In one aspect, the concentration of the softener in the anti-fluid treatment agent can be from about 0.01% to about 10%, including all increments of 0.01% therebetween. For example, the concentration of the softener in the anti-fluid treatment agent can be about 0.01% or greater, such as about 0.05% or greater, such as about 0.1% or greater, such as about 0.2% or greater, such as about 0.3% or greater, such as about 0.4% or greater, such as about 0.5% or greater, such as about 0.6% or greater, such as about 0.7% or greater, such as about 0.8% or greater, such as about 0.9% or greater, such as about 1.0% or greater, such as about 2% or greater, such as about 5% or greater. Typically, the concentration of one or more softeners in an anti-fluid treatment agent is about 10% or less, for example, about 5% or less, for example, about 2% or less, for example, about 1% or less, for example, about 0.9% or less, for example, about 0.8% or less, for example, about 0.7% or less, for example, about 0.6% or less, for example, about 0.5% or less, for example, about 0.4% or less, for example, about 0.3% or less, for example, about 0.2% or less, for example, about 0.1% or less. The aforementioned percentages may also be based on the weight of the softener in the anti-fluid treatment agent. In this respect, based on the weight of the anti-fluid treatment agent, one or more softeners may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in an amount from about 0.01% by weight to about 10% by weight (including all increments of 0.01% by weight therein).

[0130] Typically, the antifluid treatment agent may contain an aqueous composition (e.g., water) in amounts from about 5% by weight to about 99.99% by weight (including all increments of 0.01% by weight). For example, the antifluid treatment agent may contain an aqueous composition (e.g., water) in amounts of about 5% by weight or more, such as about 10% by weight or more, such as about 20% by weight or more, such as about 30% by weight or more, such as about 40% by weight or more, such as about 50% by weight or more, such as about 60% by weight or more, such as about 70% by weight or more, such as about 80% by weight or more, such as about 90% by weight or more. Typically, the aqueous composition may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in an amount of about 99.99% by weight or less, such as about 90% by weight or less, such as about 80% by weight or less, such as about 70% by weight or less, such as about 60% by weight or less, such as about 50% by weight or less, such as about 40% by weight or less, such as about 30% by weight or less, such as about 20% by weight or less, such as about 10% by weight or less.

[0131] As previously disclosed herein, anti-fluid treatment agents formed according to this disclosure may comprise water-resistant compositions. It should be understood that anti-fluid treatment agents formed according to this disclosure may comprise more than one water-resistant composition, such as two or three water-resistant compositions. Typically, water-resistant compositions can be used to treat fabric materials.

[0132] Typically, water-resistant compositions can be in the form of emulsions and / or dispersions. It is noteworthy that the water-resistant composition may contain one or more repellents. In some aspects, one or more repellents may include acrylic polymers, silicone polymers, or combinations thereof. For example, the water-resistant composition formed according to this disclosure may be an emulsion and / or dispersion containing acrylic polymers, silicone polymers, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the emulsion and / or dispersion may contain solid polymer particles, such as acrylic polymer particles and / or silicone polymer particles.

[0133] Typically, the water-resistant composition may contain an aqueous composition (e.g., water) in amounts from about 5% by weight to about 99.99% by weight (including all increments of 0.01% by weight). For example, the water-resistant composition may contain an aqueous composition (e.g., water) in amounts of about 5% by weight or more, such as about 10% by weight or more, such as about 20% by weight or more, such as about 30% by weight or more, such as about 40% by weight or more, such as about 50% by weight or more, such as about 60% by weight or more, such as about 70% by weight or more, such as about 80% by weight or more, such as about 90% by weight or more. Typically, the aqueous composition may be present in the water-resistant composition in an amount of about 99.99% by weight or less, such as about 90% by weight or less, such as about 80% by weight or less, such as about 70% by weight or less, such as about 60% by weight or less, such as about 50% by weight or less, such as about 40% by weight or less, such as about 30% by weight or less, such as about 20% by weight or less, such as about 10% by weight or less.

[0134] Typically, in one aspect, the repellent may include a polyacrylate that also serves as a binder. In one aspect, the repellent may include an acrylic polymer alone or a combination of an acrylic polymer and a wax, such as paraffin. In one aspect, when in a water-resistant composition, the acrylic polymer may be partially (e.g., mostly) water-soluble. The water solubility of the acrylic polymer may decrease or cease after drying and curing. In this aspect, the acrylic polymer may be water-resistant after drying and curing. In another aspect, the wax may be insoluble in water.

[0135] Typically, water-resistant compositions and / or their repellents can have a pH of about 2 to about 8, for example, about 2 or greater, for example, about 3 or greater, for example, about 4 or greater, for example, about 5 or greater, for example, about 6 or greater, for example, about 7 or greater, for example, about 8 or less, for example, about 7 or less, for example, about 6 or less, for example, about 5 or less, for example, about 4 or less, for example, about 3 or less. For example, in one aspect, the pH of an acrylic emulsion can be about 2 to about 8, including all incremental values ​​in between.

[0136] As previously disclosed herein, the repellent of the water-resistant composition may include a silicone-containing polymer (e.g., an organosilicon-based polymer, an organosilicon-modified polymer). In this respect, in some aspects, the repellent of the water-resistant composition may include an organosilicon-based polymer and / or an organosilicon-modified polymer.

[0137] In some aspects, the repellent of the water-resistant composition may include copolymers copolymerized with acrylic monomers and / or silicone monomers. Typically, the copolymer may be in the form of a random copolymer, block copolymer, or graft copolymer.

[0138] In some respects, repellents may include silicone-based polymers. Silicone-based polymers may be modified silicone-based polymers. Silicone-based polymers may be soluble in water. Typically, silicone-based polymers may be cationic or nonionic.

[0139] Typically, modification of silicone-based polymers can enhance the properties of treated fabric materials, such as water resistance, durability, flexibility, softness, and strength. In one aspect, the silicone-based polymer of this disclosure can be a carboxyl-modified silicone-based polymer, a co-modified silicone-based polymer, an epoxy-modified silicone-based polymer, a phenol-modified silicone-based polymer, or more generally, any modified silicone-based polymer. In one aspect, the modified silicone-based polymer can be side-chain type, single-ended type, double-ended type, or double-ended type. In this aspect, the type of modified silicone-based polymer can be selectively chosen to enhance the properties of fabric materials treated with the water-resistant composition of this disclosure. For example, when the modified silicone-based polymer is side-chain type, the chemical formula of the modified silicone-based polymer can be:

[0140]

[0141] For example, when the modified organosilicon-based polymer is single-ended, the chemical formula of the modified organosilicon-based polymer can be:

[0142]

[0143] For example, when the modified organosilicon-based polymer is diterminated, the chemical formula of the modified organosilicon-based polymer can be:

[0144]

[0145] For example, when the modified organosilicon-based polymer has a double-ended side chain, the chemical formula of the modified organosilicon-based polymer can be:

[0146]

[0147] As previously disclosed, in one aspect, the repellent may include a silicone-modified polymer, such as a silicone-modified acrylic polymer. The silicone-modified acrylic polymer may be in the form of a silicone-modified acrylic emulsion. The hydroxyl value of the silicone-modified acrylic polymer can be selectively chosen to enhance the properties of the treated fabric material. For example, the hydroxyl value of the silicone-modified acrylic polymer can be reduced to enhance the water resistance of the treated fabric material. In this aspect, the residual number of hydroxyl groups in the water-resistant composition may be reduced. A lower number of hydroxyl groups can increase the compatibility of the crosslinking agent with the silicone-modified acrylic emulsion. For example, the number of reactions between the NCO groups of the terminal isocyanate and the silicone-modified acrylic polymer may increase as the hydroxyl value of the silicone-modified acrylic polymer decreases. In this aspect, the increased number of reactions between the terminal isocyanate and the silicone-modified acrylic polymer can enhance the durability and water resistance of the fabric material treated with the water-resistant composition of this disclosure.

[0148] In one aspect, the hydroxyl value of the repellent (e.g., a silicone-containing polymer) in the water-resistant composition can be from about 5 mg KOH / g to about 400 mg KOH / g, for example, about 5 mg KOH / g or greater, for example, about 25 mg KOH / g or greater, for example, about 50 mg KOH / g or greater, for example, about 75 mg KOH / g or greater, for example, about 100 mg KOH / g or greater, for example, about 125 mg KOH / g or greater, for example, about 150 mg KOH / g or greater, for example, about 175 mg KOH / g or greater, for example, about 200 mg KOH / g or greater, for example, about 225 mg KOH / g or greater, for example, about 250 mg KOH / g or greater. Typically, the hydroxyl value of the repellent in the water-resistant composition (e.g., a polymer containing organosilicon) is less than about 400 mg KOH / g, for example, about 350 mg KOH / g or less, for example, about 300 mg KOH / g or less, for example, about 250 mg KOH / g or less, for example, about 225 mg KOH / g or less, for example, about 200 mg KOH / g or less, for example, about 175 mg KOH / g or less, for example, about 150 mg KOH / g or less, for example, about 125 mg KOH / g or less, for example, about 100 mg KOH / g or less, for example, about 75 mg KOH / g or less, for example, about 50 mg KOH / g or less, for example, about 25 mg KOH / g or less, for example, about 15 mg KOH / g or less.

[0149] In one aspect, the concentration of one or more repellents in the water-resistant composition can be from about 0.05% to about 100%, including all increments of 0.01% therebetween. For example, one or more repellents can be present in the water-resistant composition at concentrations of about 0.05% or greater, such as about 0.1% or greater, such as about 0.5% or greater, such as about 1% or greater, such as about 2% or greater, such as about 5% or greater, such as about 10% or greater, such as about 15% or greater, such as about 20% or greater, such as about 25% or greater, such as about 30% or greater, such as about 35% or greater, such as about 40% or greater, such as about 50% or greater, such as about 60% or greater, such as about 70% or greater, such as about 80% or greater, such as about 90% or greater. Typically, the concentration of one or more repellents in a water-resistant composition is about 100% or less, for example, about 90% or less, for example, about 80% or less, for example, about 70% or less, for example, about 60% or less, for example, about 50% or less, for example, about 40% or less, for example, about 35% or less, for example, about 30%, for example, about 25% or less, for example, about 20% or less, for example, about 15% or less, for example, about 10% or less, for example, about 5% or less, for example, about 2% or less, for example, about 1% or less, for example, about 0.5% or less, for example, about 0.2% or less. The aforementioned percentages may also be based on the weight of the repellent in the water-resistant composition. In this respect, based on the weight of the water-resistant composition, one or more repellents may be present in the water-resistant composition in an amount from about 0.05% by weight to about 100% by weight (including all increments of 0.01% by weight therein).

[0150] In one aspect, the concentration of the water-resistant composition in the anti-fluid treatment agent can be from about 0.05% to about 40%, including all increments of 0.01% therebetween. For example, the concentration of the water-resistant composition in the anti-fluid treatment agent can be about 0.05% or more, such as about 0.1% or more, such as about 0.5% or more, such as about 1% or more, such as about 2% or more, such as about 5% or more, such as about 10% or more, such as about 15% or more, such as about 20% or more, such as about 25% or more, such as about 30% or more, such as about 35% or more. Typically, the concentration of the water-repellent composition in the anti-fluid treatment agent is about 40% or less, for example, about 35% or less, for example, about 30% or less, for example, about 25% or less, for example, about 20% or less, for example, about 15% or less, for example, about 10% or less, for example, about 5% or less, for example, about 2% or less, for example, about 1% or less, for example, about 0.5% or less, for example, about 0.2% or less. The aforementioned percentages may also be based on the weight of the water-repellent composition in the anti-fluid treatment agent, by weight of the anti-fluid treatment agent. In this respect, based on the weight of the anti-fluid treatment agent, the water-repellent composition may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in an amount from about 0.05% by weight to about 40% by weight (including all increments of 0.01% by weight therein).

[0151] Typically, the water-resistant composition and the oil-resistant composition may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1 (inclusive of all incremental ratios therein). For example, the water-resistant composition may be present relative to the oil-resistant composition in a weight ratio of about 1:10 or greater, such as about 1:5 or greater, such as about 2:5 or greater, such as about 1:2 or greater, such as about 3:5 or greater, such as about 3:4 or greater, such as about 1:1 or greater, such as about 4:3 or greater, such as about 5:3 or greater, such as about 2:1 or greater, such as about 5:2 or greater, such as about 5:1 or greater, such as about 10:1 or less, such as about 5:1 or less, such as about 5:2 or less, such as about 2:1 or less, such as about 5:3 or less, such as about 4:3 or less, such as about 1:1 or less, such as about 3:4 or less, such as about 3:5 or less, such as about 1:2 or less, such as about 2:5 or less, such as about 1:5 or less. For example, in one aspect, if the water-resistant composition is present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in an amount of 12% by weight and the oil-resistant composition is present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in an amount of 16% by weight, then the water-resistant composition is present in a weight ratio of 3:4 relative to the oil-resistant composition.

[0152] Typically, the water-resistant composition and one or more crosslinking agents may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 1:2 to about 15:1 (inclusive of all incremental ratios therein). For example, the water-resistant composition may be present relative to one or more crosslinking agents in a weight ratio of about 1:2 or greater, such as about 3:5 or greater, such as about 3:4 or greater, such as about 1:1 or greater, such as about 4:3 or greater, such as about 5:3 or greater, such as about 2:1 or greater, such as about 5:2 or greater, such as about 5:1 or greater, such as about 10:1 or greater, such as about 15:1 or less, such as about 10:1 or less, such as about 5:1 or less, such as about 5:2 or less, such as about 2:1 or less, such as about 5:3 or less, such as about 4:3 or less, such as about 1:1 or less, such as about 3:4 or less, such as about 3:5 or less.

[0153] Typically, the water-resistant composition and one or more wetting agents may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 4:1 to about 40:1 (inclusive of all incremental ratios therein). For example, the water-resistant composition may be present relative to one or more wetting agents in a weight ratio of about 4:1 or greater, such as about 5:1 or greater, such as about 10:1 or greater, such as about 15:1 or greater, such as about 20:1 or greater, such as about 25:1 or greater, such as about 30:1 or greater, such as about 35:1 or greater, such as about 40:1 or less, such as about 35:1 or less, such as about 30:1 or less, such as about 25:1 or less, such as about 20:1 or less, such as about 15:1 or less, such as about 10:1 or less, such as about 5:1 or less.

[0154] In one aspect, as previously disclosed herein, the anti-fluid treatment agent formed according to this disclosure may comprise an oil-resistant composition. It should be understood that the anti-fluid treatment agent formed according to this disclosure may comprise more than one oil-resistant composition, such as two or three oil-resistant compositions. Typically, oil-resistant compositions can be used to treat fabric materials.

[0155] Typically, the anti-oil composition may comprise one or more polymers, such as one or more polymers containing organosilicon. In some aspects, the one or more polymers may be in the form of polymer particles. In some aspects, the anti-oil composition may be in the form of an emulsion, a dispersion, or a combination thereof. Notably, in one aspect, the anti-oil composition is an aqueous dispersion comprising water and one or more polymers. In another aspect, the anti-oil composition is an aqueous emulsion comprising water and one or more polymers.

[0156] Typically, the anti-oil composition may contain an aqueous composition (e.g., water) in amounts from about 5% by weight to about 99.99% by weight (including all increments of 0.01% by weight). For example, the anti-oil composition may contain an aqueous composition (e.g., water) in amounts of about 5% by weight or more, such as about 10% by weight or more, such as about 20% by weight or more, such as about 30% by weight or more, such as about 40% by weight or more, such as about 50% by weight or more, such as about 60% by weight or more, such as about 70% by weight or more, such as about 80% by weight or more, such as about 90% by weight or more. Typically, the aqueous composition may be present in the anti-oil composition in an amount of about 99.99% by weight or less, such as about 90% by weight or less, such as about 80% by weight or less, such as about 70% by weight or less, such as about 60% by weight or less, such as about 50% by weight or less, such as about 40% by weight or less, such as about 30% by weight or less, such as about 20% by weight or less, such as about 10% by weight or less.

[0157] Typically, the anti-oil composition may have a solids (e.g., polymer) content of about 5% by weight to about 60% by weight (including all increments of 0.01% by weight). For example, the solids content of the anti-oil composition may be about 5% by weight or more, such as about 10% by weight or more, such as about 20% by weight or more, such as about 30% by weight or more, such as about 40% by weight or more, such as about 50% by weight or more. Typically, the solids may be present in the anti-oil composition in an amount of about 60% by weight or less, such as about 50% by weight or less, such as about 40% by weight or less, such as about 30% by weight or less, such as about 20% by weight or less, such as about 10% by weight or less.

[0158] Typically, one or more polymers in an oil-resistant composition may include polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether, polyurethane, polyurea, polyamide, polyimide, polysulfone, polycarbonate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polystyrene, polyarylene, polyester, polyethylene ester, poly(allyl ether), and / or any copolymer thereof, or combinations thereof.

[0159] Typically, one or more polymers in an oil-resistant composition may have a polydimethylsiloxane backbone, a polyethylene backbone, a polypropylene backbone, a polybutene backbone, a polyvinyl chloride backbone, a polyethylene terephthalate backbone, a polyether backbone, a polyurethane backbone, a polyurea backbone, a polyamide backbone, a polyimide backbone, a polysulfone backbone, a polycarbonate backbone, a polytetrafluoroethylene backbone, a polyacrylate backbone, a polymethyl methacrylate backbone, a polystyrene backbone, a polyaryl backbone, a polyester backbone, a polyethylene ester backbone, a poly(allyl ether) backbone, and / or any copolymer thereof, or a combination thereof.

[0160] Typically, one or more polymers in an oil-resistant composition may comprise one or more linear polymers and / or one or more branched polymers (e.g., side-branched polymers). Notably, in some aspects, one or more polymers in an oil-resistant composition may comprise one or more side groups.

[0161] Typically, one or more polymers in an anti-oil composition may contain one or more crosslinkable groups. For example, one or more polymers in an anti-oil composition (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane) may contain one or more crosslinkable groups, such as vinyl, hydroxyl, silanol, acrylate, methacrylate, thiol, epoxy, isocyanate, allyl, amino, phosphono, cyanate, halide, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, alkoxysilyl, alkynyl, azide, silyl, hydrogen, hydrosilane, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, vinyl, hydroxyl, silanol, acrylate, methacrylate, thiol, epoxy, isocyanate, allyl, amino, phosphono, cyanate, halide, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, alkoxysilyl, alkynyl, azide, silyl, hydrogen, hydrosilane, or combinations thereof may be one or more end groups of one or more polymers in an anti-oil composition.

[0162] It is worth noting that one or more crosslinkable groups can be bonded to or interact with fabric materials and / or clothing via covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, van der Waals forces, or combinations thereof, or more generally with fabric materials and / or clothing.

[0163] Typically, one or more polymers in an oil-resistant composition can contain various amounts and types of surface charges. In this respect, one or more polymers in an oil-resistant composition can have one or more surface charges, including one or more negative charges, one or more positive charges, one or more zwitterionic charges, or combinations thereof.

[0164] It is worth noting that in some aspects, the anti-oil composition may comprise silicone-based polymers and / or silicone-based copolymers, and more generally, may comprise silicone-containing polymers. For example, in one aspect, the anti-oil composition may comprise one or more siloxanes, such as one or more polydimethylsiloxane polymers and / or one or more polydimethylsiloxane copolymers (e.g., block copolymers, random copolymers, graft copolymers). Typically, one or more polydimethylsiloxanes may comprise one or more linear polydimethylsiloxanes and / or one or more branched polydimethylsiloxanes (e.g., side-branched polydimethylsiloxanes).

[0165] Typically, the backbone or main chain of linear polymers (e.g., linear polydimethylsiloxanes) and / or branched polymers (e.g., branched polydimethylsiloxanes) may comprise one or more aliphatic groups (e.g., one or more alkyl, one or more alkenyl, one or more alkynyl) and / or one or more aliphatic moieties. One or more aliphatic groups and / or one or more aliphatic moieties may comprise saturated and / or unsaturated one or more aliphatic groups and / or one or more aliphatic moieties. Typically, as previously disclosed herein, one or more aliphatic groups and / or one or more aliphatic moieties may comprise one or more alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and / or pentyl). In some aspects, the aliphatic groups and / or aliphatic moieties may have C1 to C2. 40 The carbon chain length (including all increments of one carbon in between). For example, aliphatic groups and / or aliphatic moieties can have lengths such as C1-C5, C1-C6, etc. 10 Such as C1-C 15 Such as C1-C 20 Such as C1-C 30 Such as C1-C 40 The length of the carbon chain.

[0166] In one aspect, one or more side groups of the polymer of the oil composition may include one or more tris(trialkylsiloxy)silyl groups, one or more alkoxysilyl groups, or combinations thereof.

[0167] In one aspect, one or more polymers of the oil-resistant composition may contain one or more groups having the following structure (e.g., one or more side groups):

[0168]

[0169] R1, R2, and R3 are each independently alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and / or pentyl), alkoxy (e.g., methoxy and / or ethoxy), aryl, hydroxyl, halogen group, –O–SiR' group, –O–SiOR' group, or combinations thereof, wherein the R' group is independently selected from alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and / or pentyl) and / or aryl;

[0170] Each L represents a linking group containing alkyl, aryl, silyl, or combinations thereof. Generally, the linking group can be –O–, –CH2–, –(CH2)2–, –(CH2)3–, –Si(CH3)2O–, –OSi(CH3)2O–, –CH2CH3O–, –OSi(CH2CH3)2O–, –CH2O–, –(CH2)2O–, –CH2C=O–, –OC=ONH–, –CH2N–, –CH2SO2–. Groups, Groups, Groups, where n is a value from 0 to 40, including all incremental values ​​therein. In one aspect, a structure having the aforementioned structure (i.e., One or more groups (e.g., one or more side groups) may be oleophobic side groups. Typically, one or more side groups may be covalently bonded to the polymer and / or copolymer of the oil-resistant composition. In one aspect, the aforementioned structure may not have a linking group. In this aspect, one or more polymers of the oil-resistant composition may contain one or more groups (e.g., one or more side groups) having the following structure:

[0171]

[0172] R1, R2 and R3 are each independently alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and / or pentyl), alkoxy (e.g., methoxy and / or ethoxy), aryl, hydroxyl, halogen group, –O–SiR' group, –O–SiOR' group, or a combination thereof, wherein the R' group is independently selected from alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and / or pentyl) and / or aryl.

[0173] Typically, anti-oil compositions and / or one or more polymers thereof may comprise one or more cationic surfactants, one or more anionic surfactants, one or more nonionic surfactants, one or more zwitterionic surfactants, or combinations thereof, and / or be formed from one or more cationic surfactants, one or more anionic surfactants, one or more nonionic surfactants, one or more zwitterionic surfactants, or combinations thereof. In one aspect, one or more cationic surfactants may be used to stabilize the anti-oil composition, and more generally, may be used to form the anti-oil composition. In this aspect, a reaction mixture comprising one or more surfactants may be used to form the anti-oil composition. Notably, if the anti-oil composition is in the form of an emulsion or dispersion, the inclusion of one or more cationic surfactants in the anti-oil composition and / or in the formation of the anti-oil composition may cause the formation of a cationically stable emulsion or a cationically stable dispersion, such as a cationically stable polymer emulsion or a cationically stable polymer dispersion. In this aspect, the inclusion of one or more cationic surfactants may cause the formation of a positively charged polymer dispersion, a positively charged polymer emulsion, and / or a positively charged anti-oil composition. In another aspect, one or more anionic surfactants can be used to stabilize the anti-oil composition, and more generally, to form the anti-oil composition. For example, if the anti-oil composition is in the form of an emulsion or dispersion, the inclusion of one or more anionic surfactants in the anti-oil composition and / or in the formation of the anti-oil composition can cause the formation of anionicly stable emulsions or anionicly stable dispersions, such as anionicly stable polymer emulsions or anionicly stable polymer dispersions. In this aspect, the inclusion of one or more anionic surfactants can cause the formation of negatively charged polymer dispersions, negatively charged polymer emulsions, and / or negatively charged anti-oil compositions. It is noteworthy that the one or more polymers of the stabilized emulsion or stable dispersion can include any polymer (including any copolymers and / or combinations thereof) of the anti-oil compositions disclosed herein.

[0174] In some aspects, the anti-oil composition may have a pH of about 2 to about 8, for example about 2 or greater, for example about 3 or greater, for example about 4 or greater, for example about 5 or greater, for example about 6 or greater, for example about 7 or greater, for example about 8 or less, for example about 7 or less, for example about 6 or less, for example about 5 or less, for example about 4 or less, for example about 3 or less.

[0175] In some respects, the density of the oil-resistant composition can be about 0.1 kg / m³. 3 Approximately 5 kg / m 3 Including 0.1 kg / m 3All increments. For example, the density of the oil-resistant composition can be about 0.1 kg / m³. 3 Or larger, for example, about 0.2 kg / m 3 Or larger, for example, about 0.4 kg / m 3 Or larger, for example, about 0.6 kg / m 3 Or even greater, for example, about 0.8 kg / m 3 Or larger, for example, about 0.9 kg / m 3 Or even higher, for example, about 1 kg / m 3 Or even larger, for example, about 1.1 kg / m 3 Or larger, for example, about 1.2 kg / m 3 Or even larger, for example, about 1.4 kg / m 3 Or even larger, for example, about 1.6 kg / m 3 Or even larger, for example, about 1.8 kg / m 3 Or even larger, for example, about 2 kg / m 3 Or even greater, for example, about 3 kg / m 3 Or even larger, for example, about 4 kg / m 3 Or even larger, for example, about 5 kg / m 3 Or even smaller, for example, about 4 kg / m 3 Or even smaller, for example, about 3 kg / m 3 Or even smaller, for example, about 2 kg / m 3 Or even smaller, for example, about 1.8 kg / m 3 Or even smaller, for example, about 1.6 kg / m 3 Or even smaller, for example, about 1.4 kg / m 3 Or even smaller, for example, about 1.2 kg / m³ 3 Or even smaller, for example, about 1.1 kg / m 3 Or even smaller, for example, about 1 kg / m 3 Or even smaller, for example, about 0.9 kg / m 3 Or even smaller, for example, about 0.8 kg / m 3 Or even smaller, for example, about 0.6 kg / m 3 Or even smaller, for example, about 0.4 kg / m 3 Or even smaller, for example, about 0.2 kg / m 3 Or smaller.

[0176] In one aspect, the concentration of the anti-oil composition in the anti-fluid treatment agent can be from about 0.05% to about 40%, including all increments of 0.01% therebetween. For example, the concentration of the anti-oil composition in the anti-fluid treatment agent can be about 0.05% or more, such as about 0.1% or more, such as about 0.5% or more, such as about 1% or more, such as about 2% or more, such as about 5% or more, such as about 10% or more, such as about 15% or more, such as about 20% or more, such as about 25% or more, such as about 30% or more, such as about 35% or more. Typically, the concentration of the anti-oil composition in the anti-fluid treatment agent is about 40% or less, for example, about 35% or less, for example, about 30% or less, for example, about 25% or less, for example, about 20% or less, for example, about 15% or less, for example, about 10% or less, for example, about 5% or less, for example, about 2% or less, for example, about 1% or less, for example, about 0.5% or less, for example, about 0.2% or less. The aforementioned percentages may also be based on the weight of the anti-oil composition in the anti-fluid treatment agent, by weight of the anti-fluid treatment agent. In this respect, based on the weight of the anti-fluid treatment agent, the anti-oil composition may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in an amount from about 0.05% by weight to about 40% by weight (including all increments of 0.01% by weight therebetween).

[0177] Typically, the anti-oil composition and one or more wetting agents may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 5:1 to about 50:1 (inclusive of all incremental ratios therein). For example, the anti-oil composition may be present relative to one or more wetting agents in a weight ratio of about 5:1 or greater, such as about 10:1 or greater, such as about 15:1 or greater, such as about 20:1 or greater, such as about 25:1 or greater, such as about 30:1 or greater, such as about 35:1 or greater, such as about 40:1 or greater, such as about 45:1 or greater, such as about 50:1 or less, such as about 45:1 or less, such as about 40:1 or less, such as about 35:1 or less, such as about 30:1 or less, such as about 25:1 or less, such as about 20:1 or less, such as about 15:1 or less, such as about 10:1 or less.

[0178] Typically, the anti-oil composition and one or more crosslinking agents may be present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 1:2 to about 15:1 (inclusive of all incremental ratios therein). For example, the anti-oil composition may be present relative to one or more crosslinking agents in a weight ratio of about 1:2 or greater, such as about 1:1 or greater, such as about 2:1 or greater, such as about 4:1 or greater, such as about 6:1 or greater, such as about 8:1 or greater, such as about 10:1 or greater, such as about 15:1 or less, such as about 10:1 or less, such as about 8:1 or less, such as about 6:1 or less, such as about 4:1 or less, such as about 2:1 or less, such as about 1:1 or less.

[0179] Typically, water-repellent and oil-repellent compositions can be combined to form an anti-fluid treatment agent applied to a fabric material. It is noteworthy that other additives, such as one or more wetting agents, one or more crosslinking agents, one or more adhesives, and / or one or more softeners, can also be combined with the water-repellent and / or oil-repellent compositions to form an anti-fluid treatment agent applied to a fabric material. In one aspect, the water-repellent composition, oil-repellent composition, and any other additives (e.g., one or more wetting agents, one or more crosslinking agents, one or more adhesives, and / or one or more softeners) disclosed herein can be applied to the fabric material individually.

[0180] Before applying the anti-fluid treatment agent, the fabric material may optionally be washed with, for example, an alkaline solution. After washing, the fabric material may be placed on a tenter frame for drying and heat setting. For example, after washing, the fabric material may be dried such that the moisture level is substantially equal to the natural moisture level of the fibers used to manufacture the fabric material. For example, the moisture level may be less than about 10% by weight, for example less than about 7% by weight, and generally greater than about 3% by weight.

[0181] After the fabric material has been dried and heat-set, an anti-fluid treatment agent can be applied to at least one side of the fabric material. While the treatment agent can be sprayed onto the fabric material as a liquid or foam, or printed onto the fabric material, in one aspect, the fabric material is immersed in a bath containing the anti-fluid treatment agent. In another aspect, a one-step conventional pad application method can be used. Typically, in this method, the fabric is immersed in a liquid emulsion and then passed through pressure rollers to remove excess finishing mixture to produce the desired moisture absorption.

[0182] The amount of anti-fluid treatment agent applied to the fabric material will depend on the specific formulation and application. The dry addition amount can be greater than about 0.5% by weight, for example greater than about 1% by weight, for example greater than about 1.5% by weight, for example greater than about 2% by weight, for example greater than about 2.5% by weight, for example greater than about 3% by weight, and generally less than about 7% by weight, for example less than about 5% by weight, for example less than about 4% by weight, for example less than about 3.5% by weight.

[0183] After applying the anti-fluid treatment agent to the fabric material, the fabric material is then heated to a temperature sufficient to dry and / or cure the anti-fluid treatment agent. The fabric material can then be used to construct various protective garments according to this disclosure.

[0184] The manner in which the anti-fluid treatment agent is applied to the fabric material can vary. In one aspect, the anti-fluid treatment agent is applied to the body side or inner surface of the fabric material. Alternatively, the anti-fluid treatment agent is applied to the outer surface of the fabric material. A durable anti-fluid treatment agent can be applied to the opposite side of the fabric material, and as described above, it can impregnate the fabric.

[0185] An anti-fluid treatment agent can be impregnated into fabric materials or garments to maintain a spray rating of at least 70, for example, at least 80, at least 90, at least 95, or at least 100, after five wash cycles. The spray rating of the fabric material or garment can be tested according to AATCC TM22-2017. The aforementioned spray rating can also be applied to fabric materials or garments after ten, fifteen, twenty, or twenty-five wash cycles. After five wash cycles, the fabric material or garment can also maintain an absorbency of approximately 15% or less, for example, approximately 10% or less, for example, approximately 5% or less, for example, approximately 4% or less, for example, approximately 3% or less, for example, approximately 2% or less, or for example, approximately 1% or less. The absorbency of the fabric material or garment can be tested according to NFPA 1971-2018, 8.25. The aforementioned absorbency values ​​can also be applied to fabric materials or garments after ten, fifteen, twenty, or twenty-five wash cycles.

[0186] When tested according to EN ISO 6530, the treated fabric materials according to this disclosure provide protection against a variety of chemical agents (e.g., acids, alkalis, alcohols, hydrocarbons, antifreeze, oils (e.g., vegetable oils, such as corn oil) and / or hydraulic fluids) in addition to water. For example, when tested with 30% sulfuric acid solution, 10% sodium hydroxide solution, 1-butanol, o-xylene and / or any of the aforementioned chemical reagents (e.g., vegetable oil, hydraulic fluid), the repulsion index of the fabric material manufactured according to this disclosure may be greater than about 30%, for example greater than about 40%, for example greater than about 50%, for example greater than about 60%, for example greater than about 70%, for example greater than about 75%, for example greater than about 80%, for example greater than about 85%, for example greater than about 90%, for example greater than about 92%, for example greater than about 94%, for example greater than about 96%, for example greater than about 98%, for example less than about 100%, for example less than about 98%, for example less than about 96%, for example less than about 94%, for example less than about 92%, for example less than about 90%, for example less than about 85%, for example less than about 80%, for example less than about 75%, for example less than about 70%, for example less than about 60%, for example less than about 50%. Fabric materials and / or garments made in accordance with this disclosure may exhibit the aforementioned rejection index value after multiple washing cycles (e.g., 5, 10, or 25 washing cycles), including any incremental range therein.

[0187] When tested according to EN ISO 6530, the permeability index of the fabric material can be less than about 20%, for example less than about 15%, for example less than about 10%, for example less than about 5%, for example less than about 4%, for example less than about 3%, for example less than about 2.5%, for example less than about 2%, for example less than about 1.5%, for example less than about 1%, for example less than about 0.5%, for example greater than about 1%, for example greater than about 1.5%, for example greater than about 2%, for example greater than about 2.5%, for example greater than about 3%, for example greater than about 4%, for example greater than about 5%, for example greater than about 10%, for example greater than about 15%, when tested against 30% sulfuric acid solution, 10% sodium hydroxide solution, 1-butanol, o-xylene and / or any of the aforementioned chemical reagents (e.g., vegetable oil, hydraulic fluid). When fabric materials are incorporated into composite materials, such as three-layer composites, the permeability index can be 0%.

[0188] When tested according to EN ISO 6530, when tested against 30% sulfuric acid solution, 10% sodium hydroxide solution, 1-butanol, o-xylene and / or any of the aforementioned chemical reagents (e.g., vegetable oil, hydraulic fluid), the absorbency index of the fabric material may be less than about 70%, for example less than about 60%, for example less than about 50%, for example less than about 40%, for example less than about 30%, for example less than about 20%, for example less than about 10%, for example less than about 9%, for example less than about 8%, for example less than about 7%, for example less than about 6%, for example less than about 5%, for example less than about 4%, for example less than about 3%, for example less than about 2%, for example less than about 1%, for example greater than about 0%, for example greater than about 1%, for example greater than about 2%, for example greater than about 3%, for example greater than about 4%, for example greater than about 5%, for example greater than about 6%, for example greater than about 7%, for example greater than about 8%, for example greater than about 9%, for example greater than about 10%, for example greater than about 20%, for example greater than about 30%, for example greater than about 40%, for example greater than about 50%, for example greater than about 60%. Fabric materials and / or garments made in accordance with this disclosure may exhibit the aforementioned absorbency index value after multiple washing cycles (e.g., 5, 10, or 25 washing cycles), including any incremental range therein.

[0189] Furthermore, when tested according to AATCC™ 118-2020, the fabric material may be classified as Category A, Category B, Category C, or Category D when tested with one or more of the various liquid samples previously disclosed herein. Additionally, when tested according to AATCC™ 118-2020, the AATCC oil repellency rating of the fabric material may be from 0 to 8, for example, 0 or greater, for example, 1 or greater, for example, 2 or greater, for example, 3 or greater, for example, 4 or greater, for example, 5 or greater, for example, 6 or greater, for example, 7 or greater, for example, 8 or less, for example, 7 or less, for example, 6 or less, for example, 5 or less, for example, 4 or less, for example, 3 or less, for example, 2 or less, for example, 1 or less.

[0190] Fabrics treated with the anti-fluid treatment agent of this disclosure have an air permeability of about 1 cfm to about 250 cfm as determined by ASTM Test D737, for example, about 1 cfm or greater, for example, about 3 cfm or greater, for example, about 5 cfm or greater, for example, about 10 cfm or greater, for example, about 20 cfm or greater, for example, about 50 cfm or greater, for example, about 100 cfm or greater, for example, about 150 cfm or greater. Generally, fabrics treated with the anti-fluid treatment agent of this disclosure have an air permeability of less than about 250 cfm, for example, 150 cfm or less, for example, 100 cfm or less, for example, 50 cfm or less, for example, 20 cfm or less, for example, 10 cfm or less, for example, 5 cfm or less, for example, 3 cfm or less. In one aspect, the fabric material treated with the anti-fluid treatment agent of this disclosure has an air permeability of about 1 cfm or less as determined by ASTM Test D737.

[0191] The treated fabric material according to this disclosure can be a single-layer or multi-layer fabric. The fibers used to manufacture the fabric may vary depending on the specific end-use application. The fabric material may also include woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, knitted fabrics, films, and combinations thereof. Typically, woven fabrics may include warp yarns woven together with the weft yarns. The warp yarns extend in the warp direction or the length direction. On the other hand, the weft yarns extend in the weft direction or the width direction.

[0192] Each yarn may comprise a single strand or two strands. Optionally, the yarn may be textured. In such yarns, the filaments are textured from their generally straight state to increase the yarn's volume and also to provide the fabric woven from them with stretchability. Textured yarns can be "set" by thermal relaxation to minimize their stretch properties while maintaining their increased volume, i.e., a higher bulk denier.

[0193] Several types of textured yarns exist that can be produced by various methods. Different types of textured yarns have different properties, and some are more expensive than others. The textured yarns that can be used in the fabric construction of this invention or mentioned herein are:

[0194] (1) False twist yarn is twisted and set in one direction, and then twisted and set in the opposite direction. Twisting, setting, and re-twisting are repeated over the entire length of the yarn.

[0195] (2) Core-spun fancy yarn (also known as "core-spun expanded" yarn) is a multi-ply yarn, usually consisting of two strands, one of which is basically straight. The filament of the other strand is deformed around the core strand and sometimes passes through the core strand.

[0196] (3) Air-textured core-spun fancy yarns – These are core-spun fancy yarns in which the filaments are textured by air jetting. Air-textured core-spun fancy yarns possess unique properties that distinguish them from other textured yarns. These unique properties have been found to be effective in achieving the objectives sought in this paper.

[0197] The fabric materials disclosed herein can also be calendered. Calendering can increase the barrier properties of the fabric and reduce its permeability. During calendering, the fabric passes between a pair of pressure rollers, at least one of which is heated. When woven polyester fabrics are calendered, the fabric is compressed, and its density increases as the gap between the yarns and filaments decreases.

[0198] In one implementation, the fabric material can be used to construct the clothing worn by firefighters. For example, see reference... Figure 1 This illustration shows one embodiment of a firefighter duty vest 10 constructed according to the present disclosure. The vest 10 includes a relatively rigid outer cover 12 having a lining assembly 14 located therein. The outer cover 12 and the lining assembly 14 together serve to protect the wearer from heat and flames, such as those that may be encountered during firefighting operations.

[0199] In the illustrated embodiment, the lining assembly 14 is configured as a separate component that can be removed from the outer cover 12. A zipper 16 is provided to detachably attach the lining assembly 14 to the outer cover 12. However, it should be understood that other suitable connection methods, including more permanent connection types such as stitching, may also be used between the lining assembly 14 and the outer cover 12.

[0200] The construction of the protective suit 10 is shown in a more distinctive manner. Figure 2As shown, the lining assembly 14 comprises a plurality of material layers sewn together. The outermost layers (i.e., lining layers 20 and 22) are joined together around their respective peripheries to form an inner cavity. As shown, a thermal barrier layer 24 and a moisture barrier layer 26 are located within the inner cavity. Typically, during use, lining layer 20 will be adjacent to the wearer's body, while lining layer 22 will be adjacent to the outer cover 12.

[0201] The thermal barrier layer 24 can be made of various materials. For example, aramid felt, such as felt produced from NOMEX meta-aramid fibers obtained from DuPont, can be used. The felt acts as an insulator to prevent heat from being transferred from the surrounding environment to the wearer.

[0202] The moisture barrier 26 is preferably a suitable polymer membrane that is impermeable to liquid water but permeable to water vapor. The moisture barrier layer 26 is designed to prevent water from contacting the outer surface of the garment 10 from reaching the wearer, while allowing sweat to escape from the wearer.

[0203] In the above embodiments, the firefighter's duty outer garment 10 comprises multiple layers. However, in other embodiments, it should be understood that the treated outer garment or jacket according to this disclosure may comprise a single layer, or may comprise an outer cover attached to a lining. For example, field firefighter clothing is typically one or two layers.

[0204] Reference Figure 4 This shows a pair of trousers processed according to this disclosure. Figure 4 The pants shown in 40 can be paired with Figure 1 The work jacket 10 shown is used in conjunction with the trousers 40. The trousers 40 also include an overcoat 12 made of the fabric material disclosed herein.

[0205] Any of the fabric layers shown in the figure can be processed according to this disclosure. For example, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2The outer cover 12, lining layer 20, lining layer 22, and / or thermal barrier layer 24 shown may be treated with an anti-fluid treatment agent free of fluorocarbon chemicals, according to this disclosure. The fabric material may be a woven or knitted fabric and, in one embodiment, contains inherently flame-retardant fibers. For example, the fabric material may contain inherently flame-retardant fibers in an amount greater than about 50% by weight, such as greater than about 60% by weight, such as greater than about 70% by weight, such as greater than about 80% by weight, such as greater than about 90% by weight, such as greater than about 95% by weight. For example, in one embodiment, the fabric material is made solely of inherently flame-retardant fibers or contains inherently flame-retardant fibers in an amount of up to about 97% by weight, such as about 98% by weight. For example, the inherently flame-retardant fibers may include aromatic polyamide fibers, such as para-aramid fibers and / or meta-aramid fibers. Other inherently flame-retardant fibers include polybenzimidazole (PBI) fibers or poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobis(phenylene)) fibers. (e.g., PBO fibers). For example, in one embodiment, the fabric material contains only aromatic polyamide fibers, such as para-aramid fibers alone or a combination of para-aramid fibers and meta-aramid fibers. In another embodiment, the fabric material contains only meta-aramid fibers. In yet another embodiment, the fabric material contains a combination of aromatic polyamide fibers and PBI fibers. For example, PBI fibers may be present in the fabric material in an amount greater than about 20% by weight, such as greater than about 25% by weight, such as greater than about 30% by weight, such as greater than about 35% by weight, such as greater than about 40% by weight, such as greater than about 45% by weight, such as greater than about 50% by weight, and generally in an amount less than about 70% by weight, such as less than about 60% by weight.

[0206] In addition to any of the inherently flame-retardant fibers mentioned above, the fabric material may also contain other fibers. For example, the fabric material may also contain fibers treated with flame retardants, such as FR cellulose fibers, including FR viscose fibers and FR rayon fibers. Furthermore, the fabric material may contain antistatic fibers, nylon fibers, etc. For example, the treated fabric material according to this disclosure may contain nylon fibers in an amount of up to about 20% by weight. For example, nylon fibers may be present in an amount of about 18% by weight to about 2% by weight, for example, about 15% by weight to about 8% by weight.

[0207] The yarns used to produce the fabric material can be varied depending on the specific application and desired results. For example, in one embodiment, the fabric material may contain only staple yarns, only filament yarns, or both staple and filament yarns. For instance, the ratio of staple to filament yarns can be from about 1:1 to about 10:1. For example, in one embodiment, the fabric material may contain a ratio of staple to filament yarns of about 2:1 to about 4:1. When the fabric material is woven, it can have any suitable weave, such as plain weave, twill weave, ripstop weave, etc.

[0208] In one embodiment, the filament yarn may be made of an inherently flame-retardant material. For example, the filament yarn may be made of aromatic polyamide filaments (e.g., para-aramid or meta-aramid filaments).

[0209] In other embodiments, the filament yarn can be made of other flame-retardant materials. For example, the filament yarn can be made of poly(p-phenylene benzo[a]bis(p-phenylene)) Made from azole fibers (PBO fibers) and / or FR cellulose fibers (e.g., FR viscose filament fibers).

[0210] Filament yarns can be combined with staple yarns. Alternatively, the fabric material can be made using only filament yarns or only staple yarns. According to this disclosure, in one embodiment, the staple yarn may comprise individual polybenzimidazole fibers or a combination of polybenzimidazole fibers with other fibers. For example, in one embodiment, the staple yarn may comprise a combination of polybenzimidazole fibers with aromatic polyamide fibers (e.g., para-aramid fibers, meta-aramid fibers, or mixtures thereof).

[0211] Instead of containing polybenzimidazole fibers, or in addition to containing polybenzimidazole fibers, short-fiber yarns may contain aramid fibers, modified acrylic fibers, pre-oxidized carbon fibers, melamine fibers, polyamide-imide fibers, polyimide fibers, and mixtures thereof as described above.

[0212] In one particular embodiment, the staple fiber yarn contains polybenzimidazole fibers in an amount greater than about 30% by weight, for example, greater than about 40% by weight. The polybenzimidazole fibers may be present in the staple fiber yarn in an amount less than about 60% by weight, for example, less than about 55% by weight. Alternatively, the remainder of the fiber may contain para-aramid fibers.

[0213] In one embodiment, the staple yarn can contain a variety of other fibers. When the fabric is used to produce firefighter workwear, the staple yarn can be made solely of inherently flame-retardant fibers. However, when the fabric is used for other applications, the staple yarn can contain a variety of other fibers. For example, the staple yarn can contain fibers treated with flame retardants, such as FR cellulose fibers. Such fibers can include FR cotton, FR rayon, FR acetate, FR triacetate, FR lyocell, etc. If desired, the staple yarn can also contain nylon fibers, such as antistatic fibers.

[0214] In one aspect, the fabric treated with an anti-fluid treatment agent may include an outer covering material. The weight of the outer covering material may vary depending on the specific type of protective clothing being produced. For example, the weight of the outer covering material is generally greater than about 4 ounces per square yard, for example greater than about 5 ounces per square yard, for example greater than about 5.5 ounces per square yard, for example greater than about 6 ounces per square yard, and generally less than about 8.5 ounces per square yard, for example less than about 8 ounces per square yard, for example less than about 7.5 ounces per square yard.

[0215] In another aspect, the treated fabric material according to this disclosure is a lining fabric. For example, during use, the lining fabric can be positioned adjacent to the wearer's body. The lining fabric can be made from a combination of staple yarns and filament yarns as described above. The filament yarns can be larger than about 100 denier, for example, larger than about 200 denier, and smaller than about 500 denier, for example, smaller than about 400 denier. To increase the lubricity of the lining fabric, the staple yarns and filament yarns can be woven together such that the filament yarns occupy more than about 50% of the surface area on one side of the fabric. For example, the filament yarns can occupy more than about 60%, for example, more than about 70%, for example, more than about 80% on one side of the fabric. The side of the fabric with more exposed filament yarns is then used as the inner surface of the garment. The filament yarns provide the fabric with high lubricity properties, which facilitates the wearing of the garment. For example, the lining fabric can be woven together using a twill weave (e.g., a 2×1 or 3×1 weave). The weight per unit area of ​​the lining fabric can be less than about 5 ounces per square yard, for example less than about 4 ounces per square yard, and generally greater than about 2.5 ounces per square yard, for example greater than about 3 ounces per square yard.

[0216] In another aspect, the treated fabric material according to this disclosure is as follows: Figure 2 The barrier layer 24 is shown. For example, the barrier layer 24 may contain a wadding material, such as felt. After treatment, layer 24 may have the same properties as described above for spray rating and absorbency.

[0217] The present disclosure can be better understood by referring to the following embodiments.

[0218] Example

[0219] Example 1

[0220] Various fabric samples were treated with an anti-fluid treatment agent formulated according to this disclosure, and their respective properties were tested.

[0221] The following fabrics were tested:

[0222] • PBI MAX Gold 7.0 Oz fabric of type 90575 made of 52% PBI / 48% para-aramid (one yard sample).

[0223] All washing cycles performed in the examples were in accordance with NFPA 1971, 8-1.2.

[0224] Table 1 shows the formulations of the anti-fluid treatment agents used to treat the samples in Table 2 (i.e., samples 1 to 6). As observed in Table 2, the permeability index, repulsion index, and absorbency index of the 90575 type fabric samples were tested according to EN ISO 6530 upon contact with hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic fluid was 70% to 99% highly refined mineral oil (C... 15 -C 50 A mixture of ).

[0225] Table 1

[0226]

[0227] Table 2

[0228]

[0229] Table 3 shows the formulations of the anti-fluid treatment agents listed in Table 4. These formulations do not contain silicone-containing polymers. As observed in Table 4, the permeability index, repulsion index, and absorbency index of fabric samples of type 90575 were tested according to EN ISO 6530 upon contact with hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic fluid was 70% to 99% highly refined mineral oil (C... 15 -C 50 A mixture of ).

[0230] Table 3

[0231]

[0232] Table 4

[0233]

[0234] As observed in Table 4, the permeability, repulsion, and absorption indices of the TencateKombat Flex fabric samples were tested according to EN ISO 6530 upon contact with hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic fluid was 70% to 99% highly refined mineral oil (C... 15 -C 50 A mixture of ).

[0235] Table 5

[0236]

[0237] These and other modifications and variations of the invention can be practiced by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as more specifically set forth in the appended claims. Furthermore, it should be understood that aspects of the different embodiments can be interchanged in whole or in part. Moreover, those skilled in the art will understand that the foregoing description is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the invention as further described in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A protective suit, comprising: The fabric material includes woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, or combinations thereof, the fabric material being treated with an anti-fluid treatment agent, the anti-fluid treatment agent being impregnated with the fabric material, the anti-fluid treatment agent being substantially free of fluorocarbons, the anti-fluid treatment agent comprising a water-resistant composition and an oil-resistant composition, the oil-resistant composition comprising a polymer containing organosilicon.

2. The protective clothing according to claim 1, wherein the water-resistant composition is present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in an amount of about 0.05% by weight to about 40% by weight.

3. The protective clothing according to claim 1, wherein the water-resistant composition comprises an acrylic emulsion.

4. The protective clothing according to claim 1, wherein the water-resistant composition is substantially free of fluorocarbons.

5. The protective clothing according to claim 1, wherein the oil-resistant composition is present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in an amount of about 0.05% by weight to about 40% by weight.

6. The protective clothing according to claim 1, wherein the oil-resistant composition comprises a cationic stabilized emulsion.

7. The protective clothing according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the oil-resistant composition is from about 2 to about 8.

8. The protective clothing according to claim 1, wherein the oil-resistant composition is substantially free of fluorocarbons.

9. The protective clothing according to claim 1, wherein the anti-fluid treatment agent comprises one or more wetting agents, wherein the one or more wetting agents include isopropanol.

10. The protective clothing of claim 1, wherein the anti-fluid treatment agent comprises one or more crosslinking agents, wherein the one or more crosslinking agents include polyurethane.

11. The protective clothing of claim 1, wherein the anti-fluid treatment agent comprises one or more wetting agents, wherein the water-resistant composition and the one or more wetting agents are present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 4:1 to about 40:

1.

12. The protective clothing of claim 1, wherein the anti-fluid treatment agent comprises one or more crosslinking agents, wherein the water-resistant composition and the one or more crosslinking agents are present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 1:2 to about 15:

1.

13. The protective clothing of claim 1, wherein the anti-fluid treatment agent comprises one or more wetting agents, wherein the anti-oil composition and the one or more wetting agents are present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 5:1 to about 50:

1.

14. The protective clothing of claim 1, wherein the anti-fluid treatment agent comprises one or more crosslinking agents, wherein the anti-oil composition and the one or more crosslinking agents are present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 1:2 to about 15:

1.

15. The protective clothing according to claim 1, wherein the water-resistant composition and the oil-resistant composition are present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:

1.

16. The protective clothing of claim 1, wherein the oil-resistant composition comprises a cationically stabilized organosilicon-containing polymer.

17. The protective clothing according to claim 1, wherein the oil-resistant composition comprises one or more side groups having the following structure: in, R1, R2 and R3 are each independently alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and / or pentyl), alkoxy (e.g., methoxy and / or ethoxy), aryl, hydroxyl, halogen group, –O–SiR' group, –O–SiOR' group, or a combination thereof, wherein the R' group is independently selected from alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and / or pentyl) and / or aryl; Each L represents a linking group comprising alkyl, aryl, silyl, or combinations thereof. Generally, the linking group can be an –O– group, a –CH2– group, a –(CH2)2– group, a –(CH2)3– group, a –Si(CH3)2O– group, a –OSi(CH3)2O– group, a –CH2CH3O– group, a –OSi(CH2CH3)2O– group, a –CH2O– group, a –(CH2)2O– group, a –CH2C=O– group, a –OC=ONH– group, a –CH2N– group, or a –CH2SO2– group. Groups, Groups, Group, where n is a value from 0 to 40.

18. The protective clothing according to claim 1, wherein the oil-resistant composition comprises one or more side groups having the following structure: in, R1, R2 and R3 are each independently alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and / or pentyl), alkoxy (e.g., methoxy and / or ethoxy), aryl, hydroxyl, halogen group, –O–SiR' group, –O–SiOR' group, or a combination thereof, wherein the R' group is independently selected from alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and / or pentyl) and / or aryl.

19. The protective clothing according to claim 1, wherein the protective clothing includes a fire-fighting suit.

20. A fluid-resistant treatment agent, comprising: Water-resistant composition; and An oil-resistant composition comprising a polymer containing organosilicon; The anti-fluid treatment agent is substantially free of fluorocarbons, and the water-resistant composition and the oil-resistant composition are present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:

1.

21. The anti-fluid treatment agent of claim 20, wherein the anti-fluid treatment agent comprises one or more wetting agents, wherein the water-resistant composition and the one or more wetting agents are present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 4:1 to about 40:1, wherein the oil-resistant composition and the one or more wetting agents are present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 5:1 to about 50:

1.

22. The anti-fluid treatment agent of claim 20, wherein the anti-fluid treatment agent comprises one or more crosslinking agents, wherein the water-resistant composition and the one or more crosslinking agents are present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 1:2 to about 15:1, and wherein the oil-resistant composition and the one or more crosslinking agents are present in the anti-fluid treatment agent in a weight ratio of about 1:2 to about 15:1.

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