Transmission roller set for AGV

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of automated guided vehicles, and discloses a transmission roller set for an AGV trolley, which comprises a support seat, a transmission assembly, a transmission shaft, a servo motor, a centrifugal friction mechanism, a bearing seat, a transmission roller unit and a buffer back shore limiting mechanism. Through the automatic clutch characteristic of the centrifugal friction mechanism, the purposes of transferring with goods and stopping without goods are achieved; each group of transmission roller units can be started to run only when goods are loaded, and are automatically cut off from a power source when no load exists, so that huge energy waste caused by long-term idling of a traditional roller way conveying system is thoroughly eliminated, and the endurance time of the AGV trolley under complex working conditions is remarkably prolonged; the centrifugal friction mechanism allows the roller body to rotate beyond the mandrel when the roller body is subjected to external force, so that the safety of transmission parts and goods is effectively protected; the larger the load is, the tighter the attachment of the centrifugal blocks and the inner wall of the roller is, thereby ensuring no slipping during heavy load conveying and stable and reliable power transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automated guided vehicles (AGVs), specifically to a transmission roller assembly for AGVs. Background Technology

[0002] Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), as core equipment in flexible logistics systems, have been widely used in production workshops, warehousing, and distribution. To meet the demand for efficient material handling, roller conveyor AGVs have emerged. By integrating multiple sets of drive rollers on the top of the vehicle body, they can realize the automatic conveying and docking of goods, effectively improving the efficiency and flexibility of material handling.

[0003] However, existing roller conveyor AGVs still have the following technical shortcomings in practical applications: First, energy consumption control is a significant issue. Conventional roller conveyor systems typically employ a centralized drive system, where a single motor drives all rollers synchronously via chains or drive shafts. Regardless of whether the rollers are carrying goods, they are constantly rotating, resulting in substantial wasted energy. This directly impacts the endurance and continuous operating time of AGVs that rely on their own batteries. Some improvements achieve on-demand drive by equipping each set of rollers with an independent motor and control components, but this significantly increases manufacturing costs and the complexity of the control system.

[0004] Secondly, the safety and stability of cargo transportation need to be improved. In the process of transporting bulk goods, traditional methods often involve adjusting the driving force of the rollers or directly blocking the transport of goods, accumulating them at the front of the production line before transporting them all at once. This method easily leads to pushing and squeezing forces between goods, which can damage lightweight or fragile products. Furthermore, existing roller conveyor AGVs often use rigid contact or rely on independent limiting devices when docking with external conveying equipment, resulting in significant impact during docking. Moreover, the lack of effective lateral restraint after goods enter the AGV makes them prone to lateral displacement or even falling when the AGV accelerates, decelerates, or turns.

[0005] Furthermore, the coordination of automated docking is insufficient. The docking process between AGVs and production lines or conveyors involves complex motion coordination. In existing technologies, the roller conveyor start / stop control and cargo limiting mechanism of AGVs mostly adopt independent control methods, requiring multiple sensors and actuators to work together. This not only increases the control difficulty and the failure rate, but also makes it difficult to achieve the linkage response between docking buffer and cargo limiting.

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, some research has been conducted in related technical fields. For example, one solution uses springs and copper sleeves in the drive shaft to achieve overload protection through changes in friction, but this mainly addresses protection when goods are obstructed and fails to achieve the energy-saving effect of automatic stoppage under no-load conditions. Another solution uses edge-blocking devices at the front and rear ends of the vehicle body to control the passage or stop of materials, but this requires independent drive and control units and cannot achieve adaptive linkage with docking operations.

[0007] In summary, how to achieve adaptive driving of goods by roller conveyor AGVs and automatic buffering and limiting during docking, while simplifying the structure and reducing energy consumption, has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this application is to provide a drive roller assembly for AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) trolleys.

[0009] In a first aspect, the AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) trolley transmission roller assembly provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: it includes a support base, a transmission assembly, a transmission shaft, a servo motor, a centrifugal friction mechanism, a bearing seat, transmission roller units, and a buffer top support limiting mechanism. The right end of the support base is provided with a transmission assembly, which is connected to the left end of the transmission shaft, and the transmission shaft is movably connected to the right end of the support base. The transmission shaft is drivenly connected to the output end of the servo motor. The top left and right sides of the support base are provided with bearing seats opposite each other. Multiple sets of transmission roller units are provided, arranged side by side along the inner side of the top of the support base. Each transmission roller unit is connected to the transmission assembly using a centrifugal friction mechanism. The left end of the transmission roller unit is movably connected to the bearing seat. The front and rear sides of the support base are provided with buffer top support limiting mechanisms opposite each other. The front left and right sides of the support base are provided with guide grooves opposite each other, and the guide grooves are inclined.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the support base serves as the overall installation base, integrating the transmission components, servo motor, transmission roller unit, and buffer top support limiting mechanism into one unit, forming a modular AGV top transmission roller group. The servo motor inputs power to the transmission components through the transmission shaft, and the transmission components distribute power to each transmission roller unit through the centrifugal friction mechanism. The centrifugal friction mechanism can automatically control the engagement and disengagement of power according to the roller speed, achieving the energy-saving effect of rotating under load and stopping without load. The buffer top support limiting mechanism provides lateral limiting and buffer protection for the goods during AGV travel, preventing the goods from shifting or falling due to vibration. The inclined guide groove provides guidance for the buffer top support limiting mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom of the support base is bolted to the AGV trolley, the bottom of the servo motor is bolted to the AGV trolley, and the number of transmission roller units is 3-20, depending on the top length of the AGV trolley.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the support base and servo motor are fixedly connected to the AGV trolley with bolts, which is convenient for installation and disassembly, maintenance and replacement. The number of transmission roller units can be flexibly configured according to the actual length of the top of the AGV trolley. The coverage range of 3-20 units can meet the needs of different specifications of AGVs from short distance to long distance, with good versatility and adaptability. The modular design allows this transmission roller group to be installed as an independent component on different models of AGV trolleys without major modifications to the AGV body, thus reducing application costs.

[0013] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes a protective frame, a drive sprocket, a chain, a sprocket drive assembly, and a bearing housing. The protective frame is located at the right end of the support base. The servo motor is connected to the drive sprocket via a drive shaft. The drive sprocket is movably connected to the middle of the bearing housing. The bottom of the bearing housing is bolted to the support base. The two sets of centrifugal friction mechanisms are linked by a set of sprocket drive assemblies. The transmission roller unit is connected to the end of the centrifugal friction mechanism away from the sprocket drive assembly.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the protective frame protects the internal components of the transmission assembly, preventing dust and debris from entering and affecting the transmission accuracy and lifespan. The servo motor drives the active sprocket to rotate through the transmission shaft. The active sprocket transmits power to the sprocket drive assembly through the chain. The bearing seat provides stable support for the active sprocket, ensuring smooth transmission. The sprocket drive assembly distributes power to multiple centrifugal friction mechanisms, realizing a centralized transmission mode in which one servo motor drives multiple sets of transmission roller units. This simplifies the power system structure and reduces costs. Each set of centrifugal friction mechanisms independently controls the power engagement and disengagement of the corresponding transmission roller unit, enabling each roller unit to autonomously decide whether to participate in the transmission based on the load state, thus realizing segmented intelligent transmission.

[0015] Preferably, the sprocket drive assembly includes a driven sprocket one, a chain two, and a driven sprocket two. The driven sprocket one is connected to the driven sprocket two via the chain two, and the driven sprocket two is connected to the driving sprocket via the chain one. Both the driven sprocket one and the driven sprocket two are provided with centrifugal friction mechanisms at their output ends. The transmission roller unit is connected to the end of the centrifugal friction mechanism away from the driven sprocket.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, after the driven sprocket two receives power from the driving sprocket, it transmits the power synchronously to the driven sprocket one through the chain two, realizing the synchronous rotation of the two driven sprockets. Each driven sprocket is connected to a set of centrifugal friction mechanisms, which in turn drive a set of transmission roller units. This parallel power distribution method ensures that the input speed of each set of transmission roller units is consistent, providing a basis for the subsequent centrifugal friction mechanism to automatically adjust according to the load state. When a certain set of transmission roller units is in an unloaded state, its corresponding centrifugal friction mechanism automatically disconnects the power transmission, but the roller unit can still rotate freely through the unidirectional overrunning characteristic without affecting the normal operation of other roller units, thus realizing the independent adaptive control of each roller unit.

[0017] Preferably, the centrifugal friction mechanism includes a roller body, a rotating rod, a spindle, a first centrifugal block, a second centrifugal block, a return spring, a movable seat, and a receiving seat. The rotating rod is driven by the driven sprocket of the sprocket drive assembly. The receiving seat is movably connected to the inner side of the roller body. The rotating rod is driven by the spindle and the receiving seat. The middle part of the spindle is hollow, and the first and second centrifugal blocks are symmetrically arranged and slide in cooperation with the upper and lower ends of the spindle. Two sets of return springs are provided, and the return springs are arranged opposite to the front and rear ends of the first and second centrifugal blocks. The upper end of the return spring is fixed to the first centrifugal block, and the lower end of the return spring is fixed to the second centrifugal block. The upper and lower ends of the movable seat are arranged opposite to each other. The first centrifugal block is movably connected to the receiving seat at the upper end, and the second centrifugal block is movably connected to the receiving seat at the lower end. The end of the roller body away from the rotating rod is driven by the transmission roller unit.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the rotating rod receives power from the sprocket drive assembly and drives the spindle to rotate. Centrifugal blocks one and two, symmetrically arranged in the cavity inside the spindle, slide outward under the action of centrifugal force. When the spindle speed is low, the tension of the return spring is greater than the centrifugal force, and centrifugal blocks one and two remain in a contracted state, separated from the inner wall of the roller body. At this time, the power is only transmitted to the spindle, and the roller body does not rotate. When the spindle speed increases to a set threshold, the centrifugal force overcomes the tension of the return spring, and centrifugal blocks one and two are thrown outward. The power is transmitted to the roller body through the movable seat and the receiving seat, causing the roller body to start rotating. This structure realizes the function of automatic engagement and disengagement of power according to the speed. When the roller body is carrying goods, the frictional resistance of the goods makes the roller body speed slightly lower than the spindle, and the centrifugal force remains large, so the clutch remains engaged. When the roller body is unloaded, the roller body is accelerated to be synchronized with the spindle, the centrifugal force decreases, the clutch automatically disengages, and the roller body stops rotating, achieving an energy-saving effect.

[0019] Preferably, the structure of centrifugal block one matches the structure of centrifugal block two. Centrifugal block one includes a slide, a friction block, a groove, a connecting positioning rod, and a swing plate. The slide is slidably engaged with the inner side of the spindle and fixed to the bottom of the friction block. A groove is provided in the middle of the friction block, and the connecting positioning rod passes through the middle of the groove. The connecting positioning rod is fixed to the upper end of the return spring. Two sets of swing plates are provided, and the swing plates are arranged opposite to each other on the left and right sides of the connecting positioning rod. The swing plates are movably connected to the connecting positioning rod. The end of the swing plate away from the connecting positioning rod is movably connected to the inner side of the movable seat. When the centrifugal force applied to the spindle by the rotating rod is greater than the tension of the return spring, the friction block is pressed tightly against the inner wall of the roller body. The friction block and the roller body are combined, driving the roller body to rotate, thereby causing the roller body to drive the transmission roller unit to rotate synchronously.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the slide block slides in the inner cavity of the spindle, providing stable motion guidance for the centrifugal block. The friction block is made of a high-friction coefficient material, providing reliable frictional torque when in contact with the inner wall of the roller. The groove not only reduces the weight of the centrifugal block, but also provides installation space for the connecting positioning rod. The connecting positioning rod connects the return spring and the swing plate, transmitting the tension of the return spring to the entire centrifugal block. The swing plate is movably connected to the movable seat, converting the sliding motion of the centrifugal block into a thrust on the movable seat, which in turn pushes the roller body through the receiving seat. When the centrifugal force is large enough, the friction block presses against the inner wall of the roller, realizing power transmission. When the centrifugal force decreases, the return spring pulls the centrifugal block back to the initial position through the connecting positioning rod, and the power is disconnected. This lever-type amplification structure enables the centrifugal force to effectively overcome the spring force, ensuring the reliability and sensitivity of the clutch action.

[0021] Preferably, the swing plate is provided with movable grooves on both the left and right sides. One set of movable grooves is movably connected to the connecting positioning rod, and the other set of movable grooves is movably connected to the protruding rod on the inner side of the movable seat.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the movable groove is an elongated hole structure, which allows the connecting positioning rod and the movable seat protrusion to have a certain relative displacement in the groove, avoiding the jamming phenomenon that may be caused by rigid connection. This movable connection method enables the swing plate to automatically adjust the angle during the sliding of the centrifugal block, ensuring the smooth transmission of force. At the same time, the design of the movable groove allows the swing plate to transmit thrust and allow angle changes within a certain range, adapting to the change of the force application point position during the sliding of the centrifugal block, and improving the reliability and service life of the mechanism.

[0023] Preferably, the buffer top support limiting mechanism includes a top support seat, a limiting wheel, a sliding shaft, a connecting plate, a push rod, a guide seat, a buffer plate, a buffer spring, and a positioning plate. The top support seat has an L-shaped cross-section, and a limiting wheel is provided at the upper end of the top support seat. The top support seat is fixed to the rear end of the sliding shaft, and the sliding shaft is slidably engaged with the inner side of the guide groove. The top support seat is hinged to the left end of the connecting plate, and the right end of the connecting plate is hinged to the push rod. The push rod is slidably engaged with the inner side of the guide seat, and the upper end of the guide seat is fixed to the support seat. The push rod is fixed to the left end of the buffer plate, and the height of the limiting wheel is higher than the height of the transmission roller unit.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, taking the material receiving at the right end wall of the AGV cart as an example, when the side end of the AGV cart moves to the side end of the cargo conveyor, the buffer plate contacts the side wall of the cargo conveyor, causing the push rod to move away from the cargo conveyor. This causes the push rod to drive the buffer spring to extend, buffering the contact between the AGV cart and the cargo conveyor. At the same time, the push rod pushes the top support seat to slide along the inner side of the guide slide through the sliding shaft. Since the guide slide is inclined at the upper left end, the top support seat moves upward at the upper left end, thereby limiting the material output from the cargo conveyor. When the AGV cart leaves the cargo conveyor, the elastic potential energy of the buffer spring recovers the deformation, causing the top support seat to reset.

[0025] Preferably, the right end of the buffer spring is fixed to the support seat, the left end of the buffer spring is fixed to the positioning plate, the positioning plate moves synchronously with the push rod, and the middle part of the positioning plate is fixed to the push rod. The push rod passes through the middle part of the buffer spring. The top support seat includes a limiting slide, a retraction spring, and an L-shaped seat. The limiting slide is movably connected to the limiting wheel. The limiting slide is embedded in the top of the L-shaped seat, and the limiting slide slides in sliding cooperation with the top of the L-shaped seat. The top of the retraction spring is fixed to the limiting slide, and the bottom of the retraction spring is fixed to the L-shaped seat.

[0026] Preferably, the buffer top support limiting mechanism is provided in two sets, with the tops of the left and right sets of top support seats being flush. The height of the top support seat at the right end is higher than that at the left end, so that the push rods of the left and right sets are staggered vertically to avoid movement interference.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, two sets of buffer top support limiting mechanisms are respectively set on the front and rear sides of the support base to limit the front and rear sides of the goods. The tops of the top support bases on the left and right sides are flush, ensuring that the limiting wheels contact the goods on the same horizontal plane and provide uniform limiting force. However, the top support base on the right end is higher than that on the left end, so that the push rods on the left and right sides are arranged vertically in a staggered manner in the horizontal direction. This staggered design avoids interference and collision between the push rods on the left and right sides during movement, so that the two sets of mechanisms can work independently and do not affect each other. At the same time, this design also makes the overall structure more compact and can realize the dual-side limiting function in a limited installation space.

[0028] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects of the drive roller assembly for AGV trolleys: 1. By utilizing the automatic clutch characteristics of the centrifugal friction mechanism, the system achieves "running when there is cargo and stopping when there is no cargo"; each set of transmission roller units only starts running when there is cargo, and automatically disconnects from the power source when there is no load, completely eliminating the huge energy waste caused by the long-term idling of traditional roller conveyor systems, and significantly extending the endurance of AGV vehicles under complex working conditions. 2. The centrifugal friction mechanism allows the roller body to rotate beyond the spindle when subjected to external force, effectively protecting the transmission components and the safety of the goods; the greater the load, the tighter the contact between the centrifugal block and the inner wall of the roller, ensuring no slippage during heavy-duty conveying and stable and reliable power transmission; 3. The use of a purely mechanical structure enables adaptive driving and docking buffer limit for the cargo, eliminating the need for independent sensors, controllers, or actuators for each roller. This not only reduces manufacturing costs but also simplifies the electrical control system, improves the durability and reliability of the equipment in harsh industrial environments, and makes maintenance more convenient. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission roller assembly of the present invention assembled on an AGV trolley.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a side view of the transmission roller assembly of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the transmission roller assembly of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transmission component of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the centrifugal friction mechanism of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the centrifugal block and the swing plate of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the centrifugal block and the swing plate of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the buffer top support limiting mechanism of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the top support structure of the present invention.

[0039] In the diagram: Support base-1, Transmission assembly-2, Transmission shaft-3, Servo motor-4, Centrifugal friction mechanism-5, Bearing seat-6, Transmission roller unit-7, Buffer top support limiting mechanism-8, AGV trolley-9, Guide chute-11; Protective frame-21, drive sprocket-22, chain one-23, sprocket drive assembly-24, bearing housing one-25, driven sprocket one-241, chain two-242, driven sprocket two-243; Roller body-51, rotating rod-52, spindle-53, centrifugal block one-54, centrifugal block two-55, return spring-56, movable seat-57, receiving seat-58, slide-541, friction block-542, groove-543, connecting positioning rod-544, swing plate-545, movable groove-5451; Top support - 81, limit wheel - 82, sliding shaft - 83, connecting plate - 84, push rod - 85, guide seat - 86, buffer plate - 87, buffer spring - 88, positioning plate - 89; Limiting slide - 811, retraction spring - 812, L-shaped seat - 813. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 9 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0041] The core of this embodiment lies in providing a transmission roller assembly for an AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle). Its overall layout is as follows: a servo motor 4 serves as the power source, transmitting power to the transmission assembly 2 via a transmission shaft 3; the transmission assembly 2 acts as a power distribution hub, selectively and gently transmitting power to each parallel transmission roller unit 7 via multiple sets of centrifugal friction mechanisms 5; simultaneously, a buffer top support and limiting mechanism 8 serves to buffer, guide, and limit the AGV 9 when it docks with external equipment.

[0042] Reference Figures 1-4The system includes a support base 1, a transmission assembly 2, a transmission shaft 3, a servo motor 4, a centrifugal friction mechanism 5, bearing seats 6, a transmission roller unit 7, and a buffer top support limiting mechanism 8. The support base 1 serves as the mounting base for the entire transmission roller assembly. It is made of high-strength steel and has a flat frame structure. The transmission assembly 2 is located at the right end of the support base 1, and is connected to the left end of the transmission shaft 3. The transmission shaft 3 is movably connected to the right end of the support base 1. The transmission shaft 3 is connected to the output end of the servo motor 4. Bearing seats 6 are located on the top left and right sides of the support base 1. The transmission roller unit 7 has multiple... The groups are arranged side-by-side along the top inner side of the support base 1. Each transmission roller unit 7 is connected to the transmission assembly 2 via a centrifugal friction mechanism 5. The left end of the transmission roller unit 7 is movably connected to the bearing seat 6. Buffer support and limiting mechanisms 8 are provided on the front and rear sides of the support base 1. Guide grooves 11 are provided on the left and right sides of the front end of the support base 1, and the guide grooves 11 are inclined. The bottom of the support base 1 is bolted to the AGV trolley 9, and the bottom of the servo motor 4 is bolted to the AGV trolley 9. The number of transmission roller units 7 is 3-20, determined according to the top length of the AGV trolley 9. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, protective protrusions are provided on both sides of the drive roller unit 7. The protective protrusions are arranged in a ring shape along the circumference of the drive roller unit 7, and their radial height is slightly higher than the bearing surface of the drive roller unit 7. The protective protrusions can be integrally formed with the roller body, or they can be rings made of wear-resistant rubber or polyurethane material, fitted or vulcanized and fixed to both ends of the drive roller unit 7. When the goods enter the drive roller group of the AGV trolley 9 from the external conveyor, the protective protrusions on both sides form a natural guide groove, guiding the goods to move automatically towards the center of the roller, realizing automatic centering of the goods and avoiding deviation of the goods during the entry process.

[0043] Reference Figure 5The transmission assembly 2 includes a protective frame 21, a drive sprocket 22, a chain 23, a sprocket drive assembly 24, and a bearing housing 25. The protective frame 21 is located at the right end of the support base 1. The servo motor 4 is connected to the drive sprocket 22 via a transmission shaft 3. The drive sprocket 22 is movably connected to the middle of the bearing housing 25. The bottom of the bearing housing 25 is bolted to the support base 1. The two sets of centrifugal friction mechanisms 5 are linked by a set of sprocket drive assemblies 24. The transmission roller unit 7 is connected to the centrifugal friction mechanism. The drive roller unit 7 is connected to the end of the drive roller unit 24 away from the drive roller drive assembly 24. The drive roller drive assembly 24 includes a driven sprocket 1 241, a chain 242, and a driven sprocket 243. The driven sprocket 1 241 is driven by the chain 242 and the driven sprocket 243. The driven sprocket 243 is driven by the chain 1 23 and the drive sprocket 22. The output ends of the driven sprocket 1 241 and the driven sprocket 243 are both provided with centrifugal friction mechanisms 5. The drive roller unit 7 is connected to the end of the centrifugal friction mechanism 5 away from the driven sprocket.

[0044] It should be noted that the protective frame 21 is made of bent metal plate to protect the internal transmission components and prevent dust and debris from entering. After the servo motor 4 starts, it drives the drive sprocket 22 to rotate through the transmission shaft 3. The drive sprocket 22 drives the driven sprocket 243 to rotate through chain 1 23, and the driven sprocket 243 then drives the driven sprocket 241 to rotate synchronously through chain 2 242. In this way, the two driven sprockets obtain the same speed, driving their respective connected centrifugal friction mechanisms 5, which in turn drive the corresponding transmission roller units 7. This parallel power distribution method ensures that the input speed of each group of transmission roller units 7 is consistent, providing a basis for the subsequent automatic adjustment of the centrifugal friction mechanism 5 according to the load state.

[0045] Reference Figures 6-8The centrifugal friction mechanism 5 includes a roller body 51, a rotating rod 52, a spindle 53, a first centrifugal block 54, a second centrifugal block 55, a return spring 56, a movable seat 57, and a receiving seat 58. The rotating rod 52 is driven by the driven sprocket of the sprocket drive assembly 24. The receiving seat 58 is movably connected to the inner side of the roller body 51. The rotating rod 52 is driven by the spindle 53 and the receiving seat 58. The middle part of the spindle 53 is hollow, and the first centrifugal block 54 and the second centrifugal block 55 are symmetrically arranged and slide in cooperation with the upper and lower ends of the spindle 53. Two sets of return springs 56 are provided, and the return springs 56 are arranged along the centrifugal blocks. Centrifugal block 54 and centrifugal block 55 are arranged opposite each other at their front and rear ends. The upper end of the return spring 56 is fixed to centrifugal block 54, and the lower end of the return spring 56 is fixed to centrifugal block 55. The upper and lower ends of the movable seat 57 are provided with receiving seats 58 opposite each other. Centrifugal block 54 is movably connected to the receiving seat 58 at the upper end, and centrifugal block 55 is movably connected to the receiving seat 58 at the lower end. The end of the roller body 51 away from the rotating rod 52 is connected to the transmission roller unit 7. The structure of centrifugal block 54 matches the structure of centrifugal block 55. Centrifugal block 54 includes a sliding seat 54. 1. Friction block 542, groove 543, connecting positioning rod 544, and swing plate 545. The slide block 541 is slidably engaged with the inner side of the spindle 53. The slide block 541 is fixed to the bottom of the friction block 542. The friction block 542 has a groove 543 in the middle. The connecting positioning rod 544 passes through the middle of the groove 543 and is fixed to the upper end of the return spring 56. Two sets of swing plates 545 are provided, and the swing plates 545 are arranged opposite each other on the left and right sides of the connecting positioning rod 544. The swing plates 545 are movably connected to the connecting positioning rod 544. The end of plate 545 away from the connecting positioning rod 544 is movably connected to the inner side of movable seat 57. When the centrifugal force applied to spindle 53 by rotating rod 52 is greater than the tension of return spring 56, friction block 542 is pressed tightly against the inner wall of roller body 51. Friction block 542 and roller body 51 are combined, driving roller body 51 to rotate, thereby driving transmission roller unit 7 to rotate synchronously. Movable grooves 5451 are provided on both the left and right sides of swing plate 545. One set of movable grooves 5451 is movably connected to connecting positioning rod 544, and the other set of movable grooves 5451 is movably connected to protruding rod on the inner side of movable seat 57.

[0046] It should be noted that the rotating rod 52, spindle 53, and receiving seat 58 form a whole and rotate synchronously with the driven sprocket. The return spring 56 always pulls the two centrifugal blocks towards the center. The end of the roller body 51 away from the rotating rod 52 is fixedly connected to the transmission roller unit 7 or driven by a coupling. The friction block 542 is made of a high friction coefficient material (such as copper-based powder metallurgy) and is used to contact the inner wall of the roller body 51. The groove 543 in the middle of the friction block 542 is used to accommodate the connecting positioning rod 544. The movable groove 5451 has an elongated hole structure, which allows the connecting parts to have a certain relative displacement in the groove to avoid jamming. In a stationary or low-speed state: when the servo motor 4 is not started or its speed is low, the centrifugal force of the rotating rod 52 driving the spindle 53 to rotate is small. At this time, the tension of the return spring 56 is greater than the centrifugal force, pulling the centrifugal block 1 54 and centrifugal block 2 55 back towards the center of the spindle 53. There is a gap between the friction block 542 and the inner wall of the roller body 51, so power cannot be transmitted, and the transmission roller unit 7 is in a free state, which facilitates manual pushing of goods or unloaded movement of the AGV trolley 9.

[0047] Working state (start / acceleration): When the speed of servo motor 4 increases, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of spindle 53 increases, overcoming the tension of return spring 56; centrifugal block 1 54 and centrifugal block 2 55 slide outward along the radial direction of spindle 53 under the guidance of slide block 541; The pressing process of friction block 542: The centrifugal block sliding outward pulls one end of swing plate 545 through the connecting positioning rod 544 on it; the swing plate 545 swings with the protrusion connected to the inner side of the movable seat 57 as the fulcrum, converting the radial sliding force into the axial thrust on the movable seat 57, so that the movable seats 57 at the upper and lower ends move in opposite directions (up and down), thereby pressing the friction block 542 more evenly and forcefully on the inner wall of the roller body 51; Power connection: When the friction block 542 is pressed tightly against the inner wall of the roller body 51, the two are combined into a whole; the power path becomes: rotating rod 52, spindle 53, centrifugal blocks (54, 55), roller body 51, and transmission roller unit 7; at this time, the transmission roller unit 7 starts to rotate synchronously, driving the goods on it to move. Overload protection: If the transmission roller unit 7 jams unexpectedly, resulting in excessive load, there will be a relative movement tendency between the spindle 53 and the roller body 51. Since the centrifugal force is constant, the friction torque also has an upper limit. When the external resistance torque exceeds the maximum torque that the centrifugal friction mechanism 5 can transmit, the friction block 542 will slip on the inner wall of the roller body 51, thereby protecting the servo motor 4 and transmission components from impact damage. Deceleration / Stop: When the servo motor 4 decelerates or stops, the centrifugal force decreases, and the reset spring 56 pulls the centrifugal block 1 54 and centrifugal block 2 55 back to their original positions through the connecting positioning rod 544. The friction block 542 separates from the roller body 51, and the power is cut off.

[0048] Reference Figures 9-10 The buffer support limiting mechanism 8 includes a support base 81, a limiting wheel 82, a sliding shaft 83, a connecting plate 84, a push rod 85, a guide seat 86, a buffer plate 87, a buffer spring 88, and a positioning plate 89. The cross-section of the support base 81 is L-shaped, and the upper end of the support base 81 is provided with a limiting wheel 82. The support base 81 is fixed to the rear end of the sliding shaft 83, and the sliding shaft 83 slides in cooperation with the inner side of the guide groove 11. The support base 81 and the connecting plate 89 are also connected. The left end of the connecting plate 84 is hinged to the right end of the connecting plate 84, which is hinged to the push rod 85. The push rod 85 slides with the inner side of the guide seat 86. The upper end of the guide seat 86 is fixed to the support seat 1. The push rod 85 is fixed to the left end of the buffer plate 87. The right end of the buffer spring 88 is fixed to the support seat 1. The left end of the buffer spring 88 is fixed to the positioning plate 89. The positioning plate 89 moves synchronously with the push rod 85, and the middle part of the positioning plate 89 is fixed to the push rod 85. The push rod 85 passes through the middle part of the buffer spring 88. The buffer top support limiting mechanism 8 is provided in two sets. The tops of the top support seats 81 of the left and right sets are flush. The height of the top support seat 81 at the right end is higher than that at the left end. This is to make the push rods 85 of the left and right sets staggered vertically to avoid movement interference. The height of the limiting wheel 82 is higher. At the height of the transmission roller unit 7, the top support 81 includes a limiting slide 811, a retraction spring 812, and an L-shaped seat 813. The limiting slide 811 is movably connected to the limiting wheel 82. The limiting slide 811 is embedded in the top of the L-shaped seat 813, and the limiting slide 811 and the top of the L-shaped seat 813 are in sliding cooperation. The top of the retraction spring 812 is fixed to the limiting slide 811, and the bottom of the retraction spring 812 is fixed to the L-shaped seat 813.

[0049] It should be noted that the limiting wheel 82 is mounted on the top support seat 81 via bearings and can rotate freely. It is used to directly contact the side of the goods. The buffer plate 87 is used to contact external equipment (such as a cargo conveyor). Taking the right end wall of the AGV trolley 9 as an example for receiving materials, the working principle of the buffer top support limiting mechanism 8 is explained as follows: When the AGV trolley 9 is driving normally, the buffer top support limit mechanism 8 is in the initial position (the sliding shaft 83 is located at the lower right of the guide slide 11). At this time, the limiting slide 811 is at the lowest position of the L-shaped seat 813 under the tension of the retraction spring 812. Although the mechanism as a whole is in a low position, the height of the limiting wheel 82 is always higher than the top surface of the transmission roller unit 7, so the limiting wheels 82 on both sides form a permanent flexible guardrail during the journey. The goods are located between the limiting wheels 82 on both sides. When the vehicle turns, accelerates or decelerates or encounters bumps, the limiting wheels 82 can effectively prevent the goods from sliding laterally or falling due to inertia. When the AGV trolley 9 moves to dock with the side end of the cargo conveyor: Initial contact: The buffer plate 87 first contacts the side wall of the cargo conveyor; Compression buffer: As the AGV trolley 9 continues to approach, the side wall of the cargo conveyor applies a pushing force to the buffer plate 87, pushing the push rod 85 to move to the left (i.e. away from the cargo conveyor); the push rod 85 drives the positioning plate 89 to move to the left in sync, thereby compressing (or stretching) the buffer spring 88; Energy absorption: The elastic deformation of the buffer spring 88 absorbs the impact energy during the docking process, achieving flexible buffering and avoiding rigid collisions between the AGV trolley 9 and the cargo conveyor. As push rod 85 moves to the left, the entire top support 81 moves via connecting plate 84: Inclined lifting: Since the top support 81 slides in cooperation with the inclined guide groove 11 (from the lower right to the upper left) through the sliding shaft 83, when the top support 81 is pulled to the left, the sliding shaft 83 slides along the guide groove 11 to the upper left, causing the top support 81 to move to the upper left as a whole. Height Adaptive: The lifting height of the top support 81 is proportional to the compression of the buffer spring 88—the tighter the connection, the greater the compression of the buffer spring 88, the higher the limit wheel 82 rises, and the stronger the limiting effect on the goods; this linkage design allows the lifting height of the limit wheel to be adaptively adjusted according to the tightness of the connection. When goods are output from the cargo conveyor and enter the drive roller unit 7 on top of the AGV trolley 9, the mechanism performs a dual function depending on the position of the goods: Lateral limiting function (anti-fall): At this time, the limiting wheel 82 is in the raised state and is located on the side of the goods away from the conveyor; the limiting wheel 82 laterally limits the goods to prevent them from shifting laterally due to vibration during the conveying process; since the limiting wheel 82 can rotate freely, when the goods move, the limiting wheel 82 rotates with them, without causing scratches to the goods or increasing excessive resistance. Flexible obstacle avoidance function (anti-jamming): When the side of the cargo directly passes over or presses against the limit wheel 82: Compression stage: The cargo applies downward pressure to the limiting wheel 82, causing the limiting slide 811 to overcome the elastic force of the contraction spring 812 and slide downward along the vertical groove at the top of the L-shaped seat 813. Through the stage: After the limit slide 811 descends, the height of the limit wheel 82 is temporarily lowered, allowing the goods to pass smoothly and avoiding jamming or interference caused by the limit wheel being too high; Automatic reset: After the goods pass through, the pressure disappears, the contraction spring 812 returns to its original shape, pulls the limit slide 811 back to its original position, and the limit wheel 82 rises again to a position higher than the top surface of the roller; When the goods are transported and AGV trolley 9 leaves the goods conveyor: Main reset: The buffer plate 87 is no longer subjected to thrust, the elastic potential energy of the buffer spring 88 is released after deformation, pushing the positioning plate 89 and the push rod 85 to move to the right to reset; Overall descent: When push rod 85 moves to the right, it pulls top support seat 81 to the lower right through connecting plate 84, and slide shaft 83 slides to the lower right along guide groove 11, so that top support seat 81 and limit wheel 82 descend. Microscopic reset: If the limit slide 811 is in a depressed state at this time, the retraction spring 812 will also restore it to the lowest position during the descent of the top support. Initial state: The entire mechanism returns to its initial position in "driving state" and awaits the next docking mission.

[0050] The AGV trolley transmission roller assembly provided in this application comprises three core components in its operation: power transmission, adaptive cargo driving, and docking buffer limit. Power transmission and distribution: After the servo motor 4 starts, it drives the drive sprocket 22 to rotate through the transmission shaft 3; the drive sprocket 22 transmits power to the driven sprocket 243 through the first chain 23, and the driven sprocket 243 then drives the driven sprocket 241 to rotate synchronously through the second chain 242; this parallel chain drive structure ensures that the driven sprockets in each set of sprocket drive components 24 obtain the same speed, providing a stable power input for the independent operation of the subsequent centrifugal friction mechanism 5; Cargo adaptive drive mechanism (working principle of centrifugal friction mechanism): Stationary / No-load state: When there is no cargo above the drive roller unit 7 or the speed is low, the speed of the spindle 53 is insufficient to make the centrifugal block 1 54 and centrifugal block 2 55 overcome the tension of the return spring 56; at this time, the friction block 542 remains separated from the inner wall of the roller body 51, the power transmission is interrupted, the roller body 51 and the drive roller unit 7 are stationary, and energy saving is achieved. Loading / Operating Status: When there is cargo to be transported and the servo motor 4 reaches its operating speed, the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the spindle 53 is greater than the tension of the return spring 56; the centrifugal block 1 54 and centrifugal block 2 55 slide outward, so that the friction block 542 is pressed tightly against the inner wall of the roller body 51, thereby transmitting power to the roller body 51, driving the transmission roller unit 7 to rotate, and realizing the smooth transport of cargo; Adaptive adjustment: When the roller body 51 is loaded with goods, a speed difference is generated between the spindle 53 and the roller body 51, which causes the centrifugal block to increase the clamping force and ensure reliable power transmission; when the goods leave, the load disappears, the speed of the roller body 51 and the spindle 53 tend to be synchronized, the centrifugal force decreases, the return spring 56 pulls back the centrifugal block, automatically cuts off the power, and the roller body 51 stops rotating. Docking buffer and cargo limiting mechanism (working principle of buffer top support and limiting mechanism): Triggering and buffering: When the AGV trolley 9 docks with the external cargo conveyor, the buffer plate 87 first contacts the side wall of the conveyor; as the trolley approaches, the thrust is transmitted through the push rod 85, compressing the buffer spring 88 and absorbing the docking impact energy; Linkage and limit: When push rod 85 moves to the left, it drives top support seat 81 to move through connecting plate 84; because slide shaft 83 is constrained by inclined guide groove 11, top support seat 81 rises while moving to the left, so that limit wheel 82 is higher than the top surface of transmission roller unit 7, forming a lateral limit on the goods conveyed to the trolley to prevent the goods from shifting or falling. Reset: After docking is completed, the AGV trolley 9 drives away, the thrust of the buffer plate 87 disappears; the buffer spring 88 releases energy, pushing the push rod 85 and each connecting part to move in the opposite direction, the limit wheel 82 descends and resets, waiting for the next work cycle.

[0051] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A transmission roller assembly for an AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) trolley, characterized in that: The system includes a support base (1), a transmission assembly (2), a transmission shaft (3), a servo motor (4), a centrifugal friction mechanism (5), a bearing housing (6), a transmission roller unit (7), and a buffer top support limiting mechanism (8). The right end of the support base (1) is provided with the transmission assembly (2), which is connected to the left end of the transmission shaft (3). The transmission shaft (3) is movably connected to the right end of the support base (1). The transmission shaft (3) is connected to the output end of the servo motor (4). Bearing seats (6) are provided on the top left and right sides of the support (1). Multiple sets of transmission roller units (7) are arranged in parallel along the top inner side of the support (1). Each transmission roller unit (7) is connected to the transmission assembly (2) by a centrifugal friction mechanism (5). The left end of the transmission roller unit (7) is movably connected to the bearing seat (6). Buffer top support limiting mechanism (8) is provided on the front and rear sides of the support (1). Guide grooves (11) are provided on the front left and right sides of the support (1).

2. The transmission roller assembly for an AGV trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the support base (1) is bolted to the AGV trolley (9), the bottom of the servo motor (4) is bolted to the AGV trolley (9), and the number of transmission roller units (7) is 3-20, depending on the top length of the AGV trolley (9).

3. The transmission roller assembly for an AGV trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission assembly (2) includes a protective frame (21), a drive sprocket (22), a chain (23), a sprocket drive assembly (24), and a bearing seat (25). The protective frame (21) is located at the right end of the support base (1). The servo motor (4) is connected to the drive sprocket (22) via a drive shaft (3). The drive sprocket (22) is movably connected to the middle of the bearing seat (25). The bottom of the bearing seat (25) is bolted to the support base (1). The two centrifugal friction mechanisms (5) are linked by a sprocket drive assembly (24). The transmission roller unit (7) is connected to the end of the centrifugal friction mechanism (5) away from the sprocket drive assembly (24).

4. The transmission roller assembly for an AGV trolley according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sprocket drive assembly (24) includes a driven sprocket one (241), a chain two (242), and a driven sprocket two (243). The driven sprocket one (241) is connected to the driven sprocket two (243) by the chain two (242). The driven sprocket two (243) is connected to the driving sprocket (22) by the chain one (23). The output ends of the driven sprocket one (241) and the driven sprocket two (243) are both provided with centrifugal friction mechanisms (5). The transmission roller unit (7) is connected to the end of the centrifugal friction mechanism (5) away from the driven sprocket.

5. The transmission roller assembly for an AGV trolley according to claim 4, characterized in that: The centrifugal friction mechanism (5) includes a roller body (51), a rotating rod (52), a spindle (53), a centrifugal block one (54), a centrifugal block two (55), a return spring (56), a movable seat (57), and a receiving seat (58). The rotating rod (52) is connected to the driven sprocket of the sprocket drive assembly (24). The receiving seat (58) is movably connected to the inner side of the roller body (51). The rotating rod (52) is connected to the receiving seat (58) via a spindle (53). The middle part of the spindle (53) is hollow, and the centrifugal blocks one (54) and two (55) are symmetrically arranged and slide in cooperation with the upper and lower ends of the spindle (53). The return spring (56) is... Two sets of springs (56) are provided, and the return springs (56) are arranged opposite to each other along the front and rear ends of centrifugal block one (54) and centrifugal block two (55). The upper end of the return spring (56) is fixed to centrifugal block one (54), and the lower end of the return spring (56) is fixed to centrifugal block two (55). The upper and lower ends of the movable seat (57) are provided with receiving seats (58) opposite to each other. Centrifugal block one (54) is movably connected to the receiving seat (58) at the upper end, and centrifugal block two (55) is movably connected to the receiving seat (58) at the lower end. The end of the roller body (51) away from the rotating rod (52) is connected to the transmission roller unit (7).

6. The transmission roller assembly for an AGV trolley according to claim 5, characterized in that: The structure of centrifuge block one (54) matches the structure of centrifuge block two (55). Centrifuge block one (54) includes a slide (541), a friction block (542), a groove (543), a connecting positioning rod (544), and a swing plate (545). The slide (541) slides in cooperation with the inner side of the spindle (53). The slide (541) is fixed to the bottom of the friction block (542). The friction block (542) has a groove (543) in the middle. The connecting positioning rod (544) passes through the middle of the groove (543) and is fixed to the upper end of the return spring (56). The swing plate (545) Two sets are provided, and the swing plate (545) is arranged opposite to each other on the left and right sides of the connecting positioning rod (544). The swing plate (545) is movably connected to the connecting positioning rod (544). The end of the swing plate (545) away from the connecting positioning rod (544) is movably connected to the inner side of the movable seat (57). When the centrifugal force applied to the spindle (53) by the rotating rod (52) is greater than the tension of the return spring (56), the friction block (542) is pressed tightly against the inner wall of the roller body (51). The friction block (542) is combined with the roller body (51) and drives the roller body (51) to rotate, thereby causing the roller body (51) to drive the transmission roller unit (7) to rotate synchronously.

7. The transmission roller assembly for an AGV trolley according to claim 6, characterized in that: The swing plate (545) is provided with movable grooves (5451) on both the left and right sides. One set of movable grooves (5451) is movably connected to the connecting positioning rod (544), and the other set of movable grooves (5451) is movably connected to the protruding rod inside the movable seat (57).

8. The transmission roller assembly for an AGV trolley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer top support limiting mechanism (8) includes a top support seat (81), a limiting wheel (82), a sliding shaft (83), a connecting plate (84), a push rod (85), a guide seat (86), a buffer plate (87), a buffer spring (88), and a positioning plate (89). The top support seat (81) has an L-shaped cross-section, and the upper end of the top support seat (81) is provided with a limiting wheel (82). The top support seat (81) is fixed to the rear end of the sliding shaft (83), and the sliding shaft (83) slides on the inner side of the guide groove (11). In this configuration, the top support (81) is hinged to the left end of the connecting plate (84), the right end of the connecting plate (84) is hinged to the push rod (85), the push rod (85) is slidably engaged with the inner side of the guide seat (86), the upper end of the guide seat (86) is fixed to the support seat (1), the push rod (85) is fixed to the left end of the buffer plate (87), and the height of the limiting wheel (82) is higher than the height of the transmission roller unit (7).

9. A transmission roller assembly for an AGV trolley according to claim 8, characterized in that: The right end of the buffer spring (88) is fixed to the support seat (1), and the left end of the buffer spring (88) is fixed to the positioning plate (89). The positioning plate (89) moves synchronously with the push rod (85), and the middle part of the positioning plate (89) is fixed to the push rod (85). The push rod (85) passes through the middle part of the buffer spring (88). The top support seat (81) includes a limiting slide (811), a retraction spring (812), and an L-shaped seat (813). The limiting slide (811) is movably connected to the limiting wheel (82). The limiting slide (811) is embedded in the top of the L-shaped seat (813), and the limiting slide (811) slides with the top of the L-shaped seat (813). The top of the retraction spring (812) is fixed to the limiting slide (811), and the bottom of the retraction spring (812) is fixed to the L-shaped seat (813).

10. A transmission roller assembly for an AGV trolley according to claim 8, characterized in that: The buffer top support limiting mechanism (8) is provided in two sets. The tops of the top support seats (81) of the left and right sets are set flush with each other. The height of the top support seat (81) at the right end is higher than that of the top support seat (81) at the left end, so that the push rods (85) of the left and right sets are set in an up-down staggered manner to avoid movement interference.

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