Conduction oil heat storage preheating system suitable for intermittent operation fusion reactor and working method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion reactor energy conversion, in particular to a conduction oil heat storage preheating system suitable for an intermittent operation fusion reactor and a working method. The heat conduction oil heat storage preheating system comprises a fusion reactor divertor heat removal system, a fusion reactor vacuum chamber heat removal system and a heat conduction oil heat storage system. The conduction oil heat storage system comprises a first heat storage heat exchanger, a second heat storage heat exchanger, a preheating heat exchanger, a high-temperature oil tank, a low-temperature oil tank, a low-temperature oil pump and a high-temperature oil pump. An outlet of the low-temperature oil tank is connected to an inlet of the low-temperature oil pump, an outlet of the low-temperature oil pump is connected to an inlet of the second heat storage heat exchanger, and an outlet of the second heat storage heat exchanger is connected to an inlet of the first heat storage heat exchanger. Through reasonable configuration of the fusion reactor energy conversion system, the contradiction between the pulse operation mode and the continuous stable power generation requirement can be effectively relieved, and it is ensured that the working medium flow, temperature and power are stable and controllable in the preheating process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear fusion reactor energy conversion technology, specifically to a heat transfer oil storage and preheating system and its operating method suitable for intermittently operating fusion reactors. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the global energy system is accelerating its transformation towards a cleaner, greener, and low-carbon direction. Nuclear energy, as a key pillar, is ushering in broad development prospects due to its high energy density and clean characteristics. While fission energy has achieved large-scale commercial application, it still faces inherent challenges in areas such as long-term fuel supply and nuclear waste disposal. Fusion energy, due to its seawater-derived fuel, inherent high safety, and virtually no long-lived radioactive waste, is considered an inexhaustible "ultimate energy source." However, fusion reactors exhibit characteristics such as high dynamic heat load, frequent power adjustments, and tight coupling between online tritium breeding and energy extraction processes in actual operation, making it difficult to directly adapt the energy conversion schemes used in traditional fission reactors. Therefore, to achieve efficient, stable, and safe utilization of fusion energy, it is urgent to design and configure a buffer system with energy regulation and storage functions between the fusion reactor and the power generation system to ensure the stability and economy of system operation.

[0003] Specifically, the divertor and vacuum chamber components of a fusion reactor also exhibit intermittent operation characteristics. To ensure the stability of energy output, a dedicated thermal storage system is required. Otherwise, during fusion reactor shutdowns, to ensure the stability of the thermodynamic cycle system, the high-temperature steam originally used to drive the turbine must be diverted for preheating. This adjustment method is not only complex to operate but also reduces the efficiency of the main cycle. Therefore, this leads to a contradiction between the pulsed operation mode of the fusion reactor and the continuous operation requirements of the thermodynamic cycle system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the contradiction between the pulse operation mode of fusion reactors and the continuous operation requirements of the thermal cycle system in the prior art, thereby providing a heat transfer oil storage preheating system and its working method suitable for intermittently operating fusion reactors.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a thermal oil storage and preheating system suitable for intermittently operating fusion reactors, comprising: a fusion reactor divertor heat extraction system, a fusion reactor vacuum chamber heat extraction system, and a thermal oil storage system; the thermal oil storage system includes: a first thermal storage heat exchanger, a second thermal storage heat exchanger, a preheating heat exchanger, a high-temperature oil tank, a low-temperature oil tank, a low-temperature oil pump, and a high-temperature oil pump; the outlet of the low-temperature oil tank is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature oil pump, the outlet of the low-temperature oil pump is connected to the inlet of the second thermal storage heat exchanger, the outlet of the second thermal storage heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the first thermal storage heat exchanger, the second thermal storage heat exchanger is connected in series with the fusion reactor vacuum chamber heat extraction system, the first thermal storage heat exchanger is connected in series with the fusion reactor divertor heat extraction system, the outlet of the first thermal storage heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature oil tank, the outlet of the high-temperature oil tank is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature oil pump, the outlet of the high-temperature oil pump is connected to the inlet of the preheating heat exchanger, and the outlet of the preheating heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature oil tank.

[0006] Furthermore, the heat transfer oil storage system also includes a seventh isolation valve and an eighth isolation valve, which are located on both sides of the cryogenic oil pump.

[0007] Furthermore, the heat transfer oil storage system also includes a ninth isolation valve, which is located between the second heat storage heat exchanger and the first heat storage heat exchanger.

[0008] Furthermore, the heat transfer oil storage system also includes a tenth isolation valve, an eleventh isolation valve, and a twelfth isolation valve. The tenth isolation valve is located between the first heat exchanger and the high-temperature oil tank, and the eleventh and twelfth isolation valves are located on both sides of the high-temperature oil pump.

[0009] Furthermore, the heat transfer oil storage system also includes a thirteenth isolation valve, which is located on the connecting pipeline between the preheating heat exchanger and the cryogenic oil tank.

[0010] Furthermore, the fusion reactor divertor heat extraction system includes a divertor and a first circulating pump. The divertor is connected to a first thermal storage heat exchanger, the first thermal storage heat exchanger is connected to the first circulating pump, and the first circulating pump is connected to the divertor.

[0011] Furthermore, the fusion reactor divertor heat extraction system also includes a first isolation valve, a second isolation valve, and a third isolation valve. The first isolation valve is located between the divertor and the first heat storage heat exchanger, and the second and third isolation valves are located on both sides of the first circulating pump.

[0012] Furthermore, the fusion reactor vacuum chamber heat extraction system includes a vacuum chamber and a second circulation pump. The vacuum chamber is connected to a second thermal storage heat exchanger, the second thermal storage heat exchanger is connected to a second circulation pump, and the second circulation pump is connected to the vacuum chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, the fusion reactor vacuum chamber heat extraction system also includes a fourth isolation valve, a fifth isolation valve, and a sixth isolation valve. The fourth isolation valve is located between the vacuum chamber and the second heat storage heat exchanger, and the fifth and sixth isolation valves are located on both sides of the second circulation pump.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for operating the heat transfer oil storage and preheating system suitable for intermittently operating fusion reactors, comprising: During the operation of the fusion reactor, the cryogenic oil pump and the high-temperature oil pump are started, and the seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth isolation valves are opened. The cryogenic heat transfer oil from the cryogenic oil tank flows through the second heat storage heat exchanger and the first heat storage heat exchanger in sequence. After being heated, part of it is stored in the high-temperature oil tank, and the other part is pumped by the high-temperature oil pump to the preheating heat exchanger for heat exchange. The cryogenic heat transfer oil after heat exchange is returned to the cryogenic oil tank to complete the energy transfer cycle. During the fusion reactor shutdown, the cryogenic oil pump stops, and the seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth isolation valves are closed. Cryogenic heat transfer oil stops entering the high-temperature oil tank, and there is no working fluid flow in the second and first heat storage heat exchangers. The high-temperature heat transfer oil stored in the high-temperature oil tank continues to flow to the preheating heat exchanger to preheat the secondary loop working fluid. The high-temperature oil pump remains operational throughout the entire operating cycle, continuously supplying high-temperature heat transfer oil to the preheating heat exchanger to stably heat the secondary loop working fluid. The eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth isolation valves remain open throughout the entire cycle.

[0015] The technical solution of this invention has the following advantages: The present invention provides a thermal oil storage and preheating system suitable for intermittently operating fusion reactors. By setting up an independent thermal oil storage system between the fusion reactor divertor heat extraction system, the vacuum chamber heat extraction system and the thermodynamic circulation system, the intermittent output of the fusion reactor is transformed into a smooth output, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the thermodynamic circulation system.

[0016] From the perspective of energy quality, the working fluid temperature at the outlet of the fusion reactor blanket is relatively high, and the high-grade heat it carries is suitable for direct power generation; while the working fluid temperature at the outlet of the divertor and vacuum chamber is relatively low, and the direct power generation efficiency is limited, but it can be used to preheat the working fluid of the secondary loop, thereby improving the overall thermal efficiency of the entire thermodynamic cycle system.

[0017] By rationally configuring the fusion reactor energy conversion system, the contradiction between its pulsed operation mode and the demand for continuous and stable power generation can be effectively alleviated, ensuring the stable and controllable flow rate, temperature and power of the working fluid during the preheating process, thus laying the foundation for the efficient, stable and reliable operation of the system.

[0018] This thermal storage and preheating system adopts a decoupled arrangement, effectively isolating the heat extraction system of the fusion reactor vacuum chamber from the thermal cycle system, which has the following advantages: (1) High safety: When the fusion reactor fails, the thermal storage and preheating system can act as a buffer to avoid directly affecting the thermal cycle system; (2) Power smoothing: effectively eliminates the impact of fusion reactor power fluctuations on the thermodynamic cycle system; (3) High system integration: The heat extraction system of the fusion reactor divertor and the heat transfer oil storage system are regarded as a whole, so that the operation mode of the thermal cycle system is similar to that of mature fission nuclear power plants, thermal power plants and solar thermal power plants. This makes it easier to learn from existing operating experience, reduce the workload and difficulty of scientific research, and accelerate the commercial application of fusion energy while ensuring the maturity of the technology.

[0019] Meanwhile, by setting up two heat storage heat exchangers in series, the heat sources of the divertor and the vacuum chamber are used in a unified manner. Only one heat storage system needs to be configured. Compared with separate settings, the amount of heat storage working fluid used is significantly reduced, construction costs and land area are saved, and the system structure is simplified, making it easier to manage and utilize heat in a unified manner.

[0020] The summary section is provided to present the chosen concepts in a simplified form, which will be further described in the detailed description below. The summary section is not intended to identify essential or necessary features of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the thermal oil storage and preheating system for intermittently operating fusion reactors provided by the present invention.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Divertor; 2. Vacuum chamber; 3. First heat storage heat exchanger; 4. Second heat storage heat exchanger; 5. Preheating heat exchanger; 6. High-temperature oil tank; 7. Low-temperature oil tank; 8. First circulating pump; 9. Second circulating pump; 10. Low-temperature oil pump; 11. High-temperature oil pump; 12. First isolation valve; 13. Second isolation valve; 14. Third isolation valve; 15. Fourth isolation valve; 16. Fifth isolation valve; 17. Sixth isolation valve; 18. Seventh isolation valve; 19. Eighth isolation valve; 20. Ninth isolation valve; 21. Tenth isolation valve; 22. Eleventh isolation valve; 23. Twelfth isolation valve; 24. Thirteenth isolation valve. Detailed Implementation

[0024] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the drawings and description are to be considered exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0025] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0026] This invention provides a thermal oil storage and preheating system suitable for intermittently operating fusion reactors, comprising: a fusion reactor divertor heat extraction system, a fusion reactor vacuum chamber heat extraction system, and a thermal oil storage system; the fusion reactor divertor heat extraction system and the fusion reactor vacuum chamber heat extraction system are used to extract heat energy from the divertor and the vacuum chamber, respectively, and transfer the heat energy to the thermal oil storage system; the thermal oil storage system stores part of the heat energy during the fusion reactor operation phase and releases the heat energy during the fusion reactor shutdown phase to preheat the cryogenic working fluid of the secondary loop.

[0027] For fusion reactors, water is typically chosen as the heat extraction medium. The heat storage medium must possess characteristics such as low melting point, high boiling point, good thermal stability, high density, high specific heat capacity, low cost, low vapor pressure, and high thermal conductivity. Currently, most commercially available heat storage systems employ liquid sensible heat storage technology, which stores heat by increasing the temperature of the medium without changing its liquid phase. Commonly used working media include water, thermal oil, and molten salt.

[0028] However, the excessively high saturated vapor pressure of water at high temperatures poses a significant challenge to the system, placing stringent requirements on equipment materials and sealing. Furthermore, the operating temperatures of fusion reactor heat sources generally exceed the conventional applicable temperature range of water-based thermal storage technology, further limiting its application scope.

[0029] The melting point of commonly used thermal storage molten salts is within the temperature range of the heat source of the fusion reactor divertor and vacuum chamber, and they are prone to freezing during operation.

[0030] Thermal oil, as a widely used heat storage medium in the early days of solar thermal power plants, has a low freezing point and a wide applicable temperature range, making it particularly suitable for the heat storage system of the heat source of the fusion reactor divertor and vacuum chamber.

[0031] Please see Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the thermal oil storage preheating system for intermittently operating fusion reactors provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a fusion reactor divertor heat extraction system comprising a divertor 1 and a first circulating pump 8. The divertor 1 is connected to a first thermal storage heat exchanger 3, the first thermal storage heat exchanger 3 is connected to the first circulating pump 8, and the first circulating pump 8 is connected to the divertor 1.

[0032] Meanwhile, the fusion reactor divertor heat extraction system also includes a first isolation valve 12, a second isolation valve 13, and a third isolation valve 14. The first isolation valve 12 is located between the divertor 1 and the first heat storage heat exchanger 3, and the second isolation valve 13 and the third isolation valve 14 are located on both sides of the first circulating pump 8.

[0033] That is, the outlet of the divertor 1 is connected to the inlet of the first heat storage heat exchanger 3 via the first isolation valve 12, the outlet of the first heat storage heat exchanger 3 is connected to the inlet of the first circulating pump 8, the outlet of the first circulating pump 8 is connected to the inlet of the divertor 1, the inlet side of the first circulating pump 8 is provided with a third isolation valve 14, and the outlet side is provided with a second isolation valve 13.

[0034] When the divertor 1 is running, the first circulating pump 8 is started, and the first isolation valve 12, the second isolation valve 13 and the third isolation valve 14 are opened. The circulating water is pumped into the divertor 1 to absorb heat energy, then flows into the first heat storage heat exchanger 3 to release heat, and returns to the divertor 1 after cooling. When the divertor 1 stops, the first circulating pump 8 stops, the first isolation valve 12, the second isolation valve 13 and the third isolation valve 14 are closed, and the circulating water stops flowing. The system operates in this cycle.

[0035] The fusion reactor vacuum chamber heat extraction system includes a vacuum chamber 2 and a second circulation pump 9. The vacuum chamber 2 is connected to a second heat storage heat exchanger 4, the second heat storage heat exchanger 4 is connected to the second circulation pump 9, and the second circulation pump 9 is connected to the vacuum chamber 2.

[0036] Meanwhile, the fusion reactor vacuum chamber heat extraction system also includes a fourth isolation valve 15, a fifth isolation valve 16, and a sixth isolation valve 17. The fourth isolation valve 15 is located between the vacuum chamber 2 and the second heat storage heat exchanger 4, and the fifth isolation valve 16 and the sixth isolation valve 17 are located on both sides of the second circulation pump 9.

[0037] The outlet of vacuum chamber 2 is connected to the inlet of the second heat storage heat exchanger 4 via the fourth isolation valve 15. The outlet of the second heat storage heat exchanger 4 is connected to the inlet of the second circulating pump 9. The outlet of the second circulating pump 9 is connected to the inlet of vacuum chamber 2. The inlet side of the second circulating pump 9 is provided with a sixth isolation valve 17, and the outlet side is provided with a fifth isolation valve 16.

[0038] When vacuum chamber 2 is running, the second circulation pump 9 is started, and the fourth isolation valve 15, the fifth isolation valve 16, and the sixth isolation valve 17 are opened. The circulating water is pumped into vacuum chamber 2 to absorb heat energy, then flows into the second heat storage heat exchanger 4 to release heat, and returns to vacuum chamber 2 after cooling. When vacuum chamber 2 is stopped, the second circulation pump 9 is stopped, the fourth isolation valve 15, the fifth isolation valve 16, and the sixth isolation valve 17 are closed, and the circulating water stops flowing. The system operates in this cycle.

[0039] The first circulating pump 8 delivers circulating water to the divertor 1 to absorb heat, and then delivers it to the first heat storage heat exchanger 3 to release heat; the second circulating pump 9 delivers circulating water to the vacuum chamber 2 to absorb heat, and then delivers it to the second heat storage heat exchanger 4 to release heat.

[0040] Based on the periodic and intermittent operation characteristics of the fusion reactor divertor and vacuum chamber, its thermal power output is simplified to operating at a stable power Prun within a time trun, followed by a period of inactivity, and this cycle repeats. Let the duration of one operating cycle be t. After adjustment by the thermal storage system, the energy power input to the thermodynamic cycle system should remain continuously stable, constant at P throughout the entire cycle t. Neglecting energy conversion and heat dissipation losses, according to the law of energy conservation, we can obtain: 1-1 During fusion reactor operation, the heat power transferred from the fusion reactor heat extraction system to the thermal oil storage system P in for: 1-2 During the operation and shutdown of the fusion reactor, the heat power transferred from the heat transfer oil storage system to the thermal cycle system for preheating is... P out for: 1-31-3 Based on the above heat power relationship, the flow rate of each loop can be determined, thereby ensuring that the thermodynamic cycle system obtains a stable heat power input.

[0041] The heat transfer oil storage system includes: a first heat exchanger 3, a second heat exchanger 4, a preheating heat exchanger 5, a high-temperature oil tank 6, a low-temperature oil tank 7, a low-temperature oil pump 10, and a high-temperature oil pump 11; the outlet of the low-temperature oil tank 7 is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature oil pump 10, the outlet of the low-temperature oil pump 10 is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchanger 4, the outlet of the second heat exchanger 4 is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchanger 3, the second heat exchanger 4 is connected in series with the fusion reactor vacuum chamber heat extraction system, the first heat exchanger 3 is connected in series with the fusion reactor divertor heat extraction system, the outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature oil tank 6, the outlet of the high-temperature oil tank 6 is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature oil pump 11, the outlet of the high-temperature oil pump 11 is connected to the inlet of the preheating heat exchanger 5, and the outlet of the preheating heat exchanger 5 is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature oil tank 7.

[0042] The heat transfer oil storage system also includes a seventh isolation valve 18, an eighth isolation valve 19, a ninth isolation valve 20, a tenth isolation valve 21, an eleventh isolation valve 22, a twelfth isolation valve 23, and a thirteenth isolation valve 24. The seventh isolation valve 18 and the eighth isolation valve 19 are located on both sides of the cryogenic oil pump; the ninth isolation valve 20 is located between the second heat storage heat exchanger 4 and the first heat storage heat exchanger 3; the tenth isolation valve 21 is located between the first heat storage heat exchanger 3 and the high-temperature oil tank 6; the eleventh isolation valve 22 and the twelfth isolation valve 23 are located on both sides of the high-temperature oil pump 11; and the thirteenth isolation valve 24 is located on the connecting pipeline between the preheating heat exchanger 5 and the cryogenic oil tank 7.

[0043] Installing isolation valves on pipelines between various devices can prevent the working fluid from flowing backward or mixing when pressure is unbalanced, ensuring the working fluid flow direction is consistent with system operating conditions and facilitating equipment maintenance. Installing isolation valves at the pump inlet and outlet helps with pump startup, shutdown, and isolated maintenance, while also preventing backflow of the working fluid that could impact the impeller when the pump stops.

[0044] The present invention also provides a method for operating the heat transfer oil storage and preheating system suitable for intermittently operating fusion reactors, comprising: During the operation of the fusion reactor, the cryogenic oil pump 10 and the high-temperature oil pump 11 are started, and the seventh isolation valve 18, the eighth isolation valve 19, the ninth isolation valve 20, the tenth isolation valve 21, the eleventh isolation valve 22, the twelfth isolation valve 23 and the thirteenth isolation valve 24 are opened. The cryogenic heat transfer oil from the cryogenic oil tank 7 flows through the second heat storage heat exchanger 4 and the first heat storage heat exchanger 3 in sequence and is heated. Part of it is stored in the high-temperature oil tank 6, and the other part is pumped by the high-temperature oil pump 11 to the preheating heat exchanger 5 for heat exchange. The cryogenic heat transfer oil after heat exchange is returned to the cryogenic oil tank 7 to complete the energy transfer cycle. During the fusion reactor shutdown, the cryogenic oil pump 10 is shut down, and the seventh isolation valve 18, the eighth isolation valve 19, the ninth isolation valve 20, and the tenth isolation valve 21 are closed. The cryogenic heat transfer oil stops entering the high-temperature oil tank 6, and there is no working fluid flow in the second heat storage heat exchanger 4 and the first heat storage heat exchanger 3. The high-temperature heat transfer oil stored in the high-temperature oil tank 6 continues to flow to the preheating heat exchanger 5 to preheat the working fluid in the secondary loop. The high-temperature oil pump 11 remains in operation throughout the entire operating cycle, continuously supplying high-temperature heat transfer oil to the preheating heat exchanger 5 to stably heat the working fluid in the secondary loop. The eleventh isolation valve 22, the twelfth isolation valve 23, and the thirteenth isolation valve 24 remain open throughout the entire cycle.

[0045] The thermal oil storage system adopts a decoupled operation mode, which can ensure that the preheating heat exchanger 5 has a stable flow rate, inlet temperature and input heat power during the operation and shutdown of the fusion reactor, thereby improving the stability of the preheating process and ensuring the smooth operation of the thermal cycle system.

[0046] The specific operating method of the heat transfer oil storage and preheating system applicable to intermittently operating fusion reactors is as follows: When the divertor 1 and vacuum chamber 2 are running, start the first circulation pump 8, the second circulation pump 9, the cryogenic oil pump 10 and the high-temperature oil pump 11, and open the first isolation valve 12, the second isolation valve 13, the third isolation valve 14, the fourth isolation valve 15, the fifth isolation valve 16, the sixth isolation valve 17, the seventh isolation valve 18, the eighth isolation valve 19, the ninth isolation valve 20, the tenth isolation valve 21, the eleventh isolation valve 22, the twelfth isolation valve 23 and the thirteenth isolation valve 24.

[0047] The circulating water in the divertor heat extraction system is pumped to the divertor 1 by the first circulating pump 8 to absorb heat energy, then flows into the first heat storage exchanger 3 to release heat energy, and returns to the divertor 1 after cooling. The circulating water in the vacuum chamber heat extraction system is pumped to the vacuum chamber 2 by the second circulating pump 9 to absorb heat energy, then flows into the second heat storage exchanger 4 to release heat energy, and returns to the vacuum chamber 2 after cooling. The low-temperature heat transfer oil from the low-temperature oil tank 7 flows sequentially through the second heat storage exchanger 4 and the first heat storage exchanger 3 to be heated. Part of it is stored in the high-temperature oil tank 6, and the other part is pumped by the high-temperature oil pump 11 to the preheating heat exchanger 5 for heat exchange, and returns to the low-temperature oil tank 7 after cooling, completing the energy transfer cycle.

[0048] When divertor 1 and vacuum chamber 2 stop, the first circulating pump 8, the second circulating pump 9, and the cryogenic oil pump 10 stop, and the first isolation valve 12, the second isolation valve 13, the third isolation valve 14, the fourth isolation valve 15, the fifth isolation valve 16, the sixth isolation valve 17, the seventh isolation valve 18, the eighth isolation valve 19, the ninth isolation valve 20, and the tenth isolation valve 21 are closed, stopping the flow of circulating water in the fusion reactor heat extraction system. Cryogenic heat transfer oil stops entering the high-temperature oil tank 6, and there is no working fluid flow in the second heat exchanger 4 and the first heat exchanger 3. The high-temperature heat transfer oil stored in the high-temperature oil tank 6 continues to flow to the preheating heat exchanger 5 to preheat the cryogenic circulating working fluid in the secondary loop. The high-temperature oil pump 11 remains operational throughout the entire operating cycle, continuously supplying high-temperature heat transfer oil to the preheating heat exchanger 5 to stably heat the secondary loop working fluid; the eleventh isolation valve 22, the twelfth isolation valve 23, and the thirteenth isolation valve 24 remain open throughout the entire cycle.

[0049] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A thermal oil storage and preheating system suitable for intermittently operating fusion reactors, characterized in that, include: Fusion reactor divertor heat extraction system, fusion reactor vacuum chamber heat extraction system, and thermal oil storage system; The heat transfer oil storage system includes: a first heat exchanger (3), a second heat exchanger (4), a preheating heat exchanger (5), a high-temperature oil tank (6), a low-temperature oil tank (7), a low-temperature oil pump (10), and a high-temperature oil pump (11). The outlet of the cryogenic oil tank (7) is connected to the inlet of the cryogenic oil pump (10), the outlet of the cryogenic oil pump (10) is connected to the inlet of the second thermal storage heat exchanger (4), the outlet of the second thermal storage heat exchanger (4) is connected to the inlet of the first thermal storage heat exchanger (3), the second thermal storage heat exchanger (4) is connected in series with the fusion reactor vacuum chamber heat extraction system, the first thermal storage heat exchanger (3) is connected in series with the fusion reactor divertor heat extraction system, the outlet of the first thermal storage heat exchanger (3) is connected to the inlet of the high temperature oil tank (6), the outlet of the high temperature oil tank (6) is connected to the inlet of the high temperature oil pump (11), the outlet of the high temperature oil pump (11) is connected to the inlet of the preheating heat exchanger (5), and the outlet of the preheating heat exchanger (5) is connected to the inlet of the cryogenic oil tank (7).

2. The thermal oil storage and preheating system for intermittently operating fusion reactors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat transfer oil storage system also includes a seventh isolation valve (18) and an eighth isolation valve (19), which are located on both sides of the cryogenic oil pump (10).

3. The thermal oil storage and preheating system for intermittently operating fusion reactors according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heat transfer oil storage system also includes a ninth isolation valve (20), which is located between the second heat exchanger (4) and the first heat exchanger (3).

4. The thermal oil storage and preheating system for intermittently operating fusion reactors according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heat transfer oil storage system also includes a tenth isolation valve (21), an eleventh isolation valve (22), and a twelfth isolation valve (23). The tenth isolation valve (21) is located between the first heat exchanger (3) and the high-temperature oil tank (6), and the eleventh isolation valve (22) and the twelfth isolation valve (23) are located on both sides of the high-temperature oil pump (11).

5. A thermal oil storage and preheating system for intermittently operating fusion reactors according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heat transfer oil storage system also includes a thirteenth isolation valve (24), which is located on the connecting pipeline between the preheating heat exchanger (5) and the low-temperature oil tank (7).

6. A thermal oil storage and preheating system for intermittently operating fusion reactors according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The fusion reactor divertor heat extraction system includes a divertor (1) and a first circulating pump (8). The divertor (1) is connected to a first thermal storage heat exchanger (3), the first thermal storage heat exchanger (3) is connected to the first circulating pump (8), and the first circulating pump (8) is connected to the divertor (1).

7. A thermal oil storage and preheating system for intermittently operating fusion reactors according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fusion reactor divertor heat extraction system also includes a first isolation valve (12), a second isolation valve (13), and a third isolation valve (14). The first isolation valve (12) is located between the divertor (1) and the first heat storage heat exchanger (3), and the second isolation valve (13) and the third isolation valve (14) are located on both sides of the first circulating pump (8).

8. A thermal oil storage and preheating system for intermittently operating fusion reactors according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fusion reactor vacuum chamber heat extraction system includes a vacuum chamber (2) and a second circulation pump (9). The vacuum chamber (2) is connected to a second heat storage heat exchanger (4), the second heat storage heat exchanger (4) is connected to a second circulation pump (9), and the second circulation pump (9) is connected to the vacuum chamber (2).

9. A thermal oil storage and preheating system for intermittently operating fusion reactors according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fusion reactor vacuum chamber heat extraction system also includes a fourth isolation valve (15), a fifth isolation valve (16), and a sixth isolation valve (17). The fourth isolation valve (15) is located between the vacuum chamber (2) and the second heat storage heat exchanger (4), and the fifth isolation valve (16) and the sixth isolation valve (17) are located on both sides of the second circulating pump (9).

10. A method for operating a thermal oil storage and preheating system suitable for intermittently operating fusion reactors, employing any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: During the operation of the fusion reactor, the cryogenic oil pump (10) and the high-temperature oil pump (11) are started, and the seventh isolation valve (18), the eighth isolation valve (19), the ninth isolation valve (20), the tenth isolation valve (21), the eleventh isolation valve (22), the twelfth isolation valve (23) and the thirteenth isolation valve (24) are opened. The cryogenic heat transfer oil from the cryogenic oil tank (7) flows through the second heat storage heat exchanger (4) and the first heat storage heat exchanger (3) in sequence and is heated. Part of it is stored in the high-temperature oil tank (6), and the other part is pumped by the high-temperature oil pump (11) to the preheating heat exchanger (5) for heat exchange. The cryogenic heat transfer oil after heat exchange is returned to the cryogenic oil tank (7) to complete the energy transfer cycle. During the fusion reactor shutdown, the cryogenic oil pump (10) is shut down, and the seventh isolation valve (18), eighth isolation valve (19), ninth isolation valve (20) and tenth isolation valve (21) are closed. The cryogenic heat transfer oil stops entering the high-temperature oil tank (6), and there is no working fluid flow in the second heat storage heat exchanger (4) and the first heat storage heat exchanger (3). The high-temperature heat transfer oil stored in the high-temperature oil tank (6) continues to flow to the preheating heat exchanger (5) to preheat the working fluid in the secondary loop. The high-temperature oil pump (11) remains in operation throughout the entire operating cycle, continuously supplying high-temperature heat transfer oil to the preheating heat exchanger (5) to stabilize the heating of the working fluid in the secondary loop. The eleventh isolation valve (22), twelfth isolation valve (23) and thirteenth isolation valve (24) remain open throughout the entire cycle.

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