Layered visual stratum simulation experiment device and experiment method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a layered visual stratum simulation experiment device and an experiment method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation experiments. The device comprises a stratified rock core simulation part which is provided with a transparent shell and an internal multi-layer rock stratum structure, a medium injection pipe is arranged in a rock stratum, and standard quartz sand is filled in a penetrating crack and used for simulating an oil sand coexistence environment; the oil dripping assembly is used for injecting simulated oil into the crack and constructing an original oil sand distribution state; the membrane structure assembly is arranged on the crack flow path and used for guiding the injected medium to flow; the layered medium injection system can independently inject media into different rock stratums; and the parameter monitoring system is used for collecting pressure and temperature data in real time. According to the invention, the whole-flow simulation from original state construction, layered liquid injection driving to flow process visual observation and data synchronous acquisition can be realized, the authenticity and systematicness of stratum simulation are obviously improved, and a reliable experimental basis is provided for optimization of an oil and gas exploitation process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas extraction experimental technology, specifically a layered visualization formation simulation experimental device and its experimental method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of oil and gas extraction, the occurrence state, migration patterns, and dynamic response mechanisms of multiphase fluids (including crude oil, natural gas, and pressurized fluids) within formations are core scientific issues directly affecting oil and gas recovery efficiency and process optimization decisions. High-fidelity simulations of these processes through experimental methods can reveal the interaction patterns of oil, gas, and water under different lithological combinations, fracture networks, and pressure and temperature conditions. This allows for the assessment of the impact of different development methods (such as water injection, gas injection, and chemical flooding) on ​​oil and gas migration and final recovery outcomes, thus providing crucial theoretical basis and technological guidance for the efficient and economical development of oil and gas fields.

[0003] Existing formation physics simulation devices mostly use simplified homogeneous core models as the core experimental unit. This structural design makes it difficult to realistically reproduce the layering characteristics and multi-scale fracture networks commonly found in underground strata, and it also fails to simulate the original state of natural infiltration and occurrence of oil in sand layers at the initial stage of the experiment. Due to the inherent limitations of the homogeneous core model, existing devices cannot achieve coordination and unification between their visualization observation system, physical process simulation module, and data acquisition unit when simulating the complete extraction process from original oil sand occurrence to fluid injection and oil displacement. This makes it difficult to mutually verify and systematically analyze the observed phenomena, simulated physical processes, and recorded quantitative data, thus failing to accurately reveal the complex fluid transport mechanisms in layered strata. Ultimately, this limits the ability of such devices to provide reliable experimental evidence for the optimization of actual oil and gas extraction processes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a layered visualization stratigraphic simulation experimental device and method to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is: A layered visualization stratigraphic simulation experimental device includes: a layered bedding core simulation component, comprising: a transparent outer shell; a layered bedding structure, disposed inside the transparent outer shell, comprising multiple rock layers for simulating underground stratigraphic physical properties; the thickness of the multiple rock layers in the layered bedding structure is adjustable, ranging from 1-10 cm to simulate different stratigraphic scales; at least one penetrating fracture, which longitudinally penetrates multiple rock layers, and is filled with standard quartz sand to simulate an oil-sand coexistence environment; simultaneously, the penetrating fracture serves as a channel for fluid flow; multiple media injection pipes, respectively embedded in each of the rock layers, one end of each media injection pipe extending to the outside of the transparent outer shell for connecting to a layered media injection system, and the other end having a liquid outlet located inside the rock layer or at the penetrating fracture for injecting media into the rock layer or penetrating fracture; and an oil dripping assembly, suspended above the penetrating fracture of the layered bedding core simulation component by a support. A device for injecting simulated oil, either mineral or synthetic, into a penetrating fracture to simulate the characteristics of underground crude oil; a membrane structure assembly fixed on a predetermined flow path within the penetrating fracture, which serves as the main fluid channel; the membrane structure assembly being in contact with the inner wall of the penetrating fracture; a parameter monitoring system including multiple pressure sensors and multiple temperature sensors, which are installed in the penetrating fracture, bedding interface, rock strata interior, and media injection pipe of the layered rock core simulation component; a monitoring terminal, to which the multiple pressure and temperature sensors are communicatively connected; and a data acquisition system for recording sensor data.

[0006] Furthermore, the arrangement of the multi-layered rock strata in the layered structure adopts a parallel arrangement, an interlaced arrangement, or a combination of parallel and interlaced arrangements.

[0007] Furthermore, the oil dripping assembly includes: a reservoir for storing simulated oil; a conduit, one end of which is connected to the reservoir and the other end suspended above the penetrating fracture; and a flow control assembly disposed on the conduit for controlling the flow rate of the simulated oil, with a flow rate range of 0.1-10 mL / min and a time range of 1-60 minutes to simulate different seepage conditions. Simulated oil is dripped into the sand layer through the oil dripping assembly, and the dripping speed and duration are controlled by the flow control assembly to ensure uniform oil penetration into the sand layer, simulating the original formation state of underground oil-sand coexistence.

[0008] Furthermore, the injection medium injected by the layered medium injection system is either a gas or a liquid, wherein the gas is nitrogen or air, and the liquid is water or simulated formation water.

[0009] Furthermore, the layered medium injection system is equipped with a control component, the pressure range of the injection medium is 0.1-10 MPa, which is used to adjust the flow rate, pressure and timing of the injection medium to achieve precise layered control.

[0010] Furthermore, the membrane structure component is a flexible, breathable membrane with multiple breathable holes, the diameter of which ranges from 0.1 to 1 mm, for guiding the flow of the injected medium.

[0011] Furthermore, the standard quartz sand is compacted using a compaction tool, and its filling density is adjustable to simulate different geological conditions.

[0012] Furthermore, the through crack is prepared by cutting, carving or 3D printing processes, and the cross-sectional shape is rectangular, V-shaped or elliptical.

[0013] A layered visualization stratigraphic simulation experimental method, using the above-mentioned experimental apparatus, includes the following steps: Simulated oil was injected into the simulated sand layer within the penetrating fracture of the layered rock core simulation component using an oil dripping assembly. The injection flow rate and duration were controlled to ensure that the simulated oil permeated the sand layer uniformly, thereby establishing an initial oil-sand coexistence formation state. The direction of fluid flow is guided by membrane structure components positioned along the predetermined flow path of the penetrating crack; According to the experimental objective, a medium is injected into a medium injection pipe in a specified rock layer in a layered rock core simulation through a layered medium injection system to drive the migration of oil sand in the penetrating fracture. During the injection process, the diffusion of the medium in different rock layers, its interaction with oil sands, and the migration of oil sands along the fractures are observed in real time through the transparent shell of the layered rock core simulation component. At the same time, the pressure and temperature data of the through fractures, the interface or interior of the layered rock structure, and the medium injection pipe are collected and recorded in real time through the parameter monitoring system. By comparing and analyzing the characteristics and extraction efficiency of oil sand migration under different layered injection parameters and membrane structure guidance, experimental conclusions were drawn.

[0014] Furthermore, the injection flow rate of the simulated oil is controlled at 0.1-10 mL / min, and the injection time is 1-60 minutes; the pressure of the injected medium is controlled within the range of 0.1 MPa-10 MPa, and the injection flow rate, pressure and timing are regulated by the control components of the layered medium injection system.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention employs a multi-layered core model containing multiple rock strata, along with a medium injection pipe embedded in each stratum. This allows for a realistic simulation of the multi-layered structure and interactions of different physical properties within underground strata, overcoming the limitations of traditional homogeneous core models that cannot reflect the stratification characteristics of formations. By filling the penetrating fractures with standard quartz sand and injecting simulated oil into the sand layer in a controlled manner using an oil dripping assembly, the original physical state of natural infiltration and storage of oil in underground sand layers can be reproduced in the initial experimental stage. This avoids the initial state distortion problem caused by the direct mixing of oil and sand in traditional devices. Furthermore, by setting up a medium injection pipe within the penetrating fracture... The membrane structure component on the predetermined flow path of the fracture replaces the traditional valve structure, which can guide the injected medium to flow naturally along the fracture and avoid the distortion of the simulation process caused by the flow resistance and structural interference of mechanical valves. By combining the transparent shell with distributed pressure and temperature sensors, the fluid migration phenomenon and physical parameters of key areas can be captured and analyzed synchronously and intuitively during the experiment. This achieves effective synergy between visualization observation, process simulation and data acquisition, which significantly improves the systematicness and reliability of formation physical simulation and provides practical and effective experimental support for the optimization of oil and gas extraction technology. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the layered rock core simulation sample of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the membrane structure component of the present invention.

[0019] Among them, 101, layered rock core simulation component, 102, oil dripping component, 103, layered medium injection system, 104, membrane structure component, 105, pressure sensor, 106, temperature sensor, 107, monitoring terminal, 201, layered rock structure, 202, through crack, 203, medium injection pipe, 301, flexible breathable membrane, 302, injection medium. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 3 The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0021] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0022] It should be noted that the circuit connections involved in this invention all adopt conventional circuit connection methods and do not involve any innovation.

[0023] Example like Figure 1 As shown, a layered visualization formation simulation experimental device is suitable for experimental research on the flow law, mining process and energy replenishment mechanism of fluids such as oil, gas and pressure liquid in underground oil sand coexistence environment. It includes: layered rock core simulation component 101, oil dripping component 102, membrane structure component 104 and parameter monitoring system.

[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, the layered rock core simulation component 101 includes: a transparent shell, a layered rock structure 201, and a through fracture 202; the layered rock structure 201 is set inside the transparent shell and includes multiple rock layers to simulate the physical properties of underground strata. The multiple rock layers are arranged in parallel, staggered, or a combination of parallel and staggered arrangements; the thickness of the multiple rock layers in the layered rock structure 201 is adjustable, ranging from 1 to 10 cm, to simulate different strata scales. At least one penetrating fracture 202 is provided, which penetrates multiple rock layers longitudinally. The penetrating fracture 202 is filled with standard quartz sand to simulate the coexistence of oil and sand. The standard quartz sand is compacted by a compaction tool, and the filling density is adjustable to simulate different formation conditions. At the same time, the penetrating fracture 202 serves as a channel for fluid flow. Multiple media injection pipes 203 are buried in each rock layer. One end of the media injection pipe 203 extends to the outside of the transparent shell to connect to the layered media injection system 103, and the other end is provided with a liquid outlet located inside the rock layer or at the penetrating fracture 202 to inject media into the rock layer or the penetrating fracture 202. A core simulation component containing layered bedding structure 201 and penetrating fracture 202 is constructed using a transparent shell to accurately reproduce the bedding interaction relationship and fracture flow path of underground strata, solving the problem of insufficient realism in traditional homogeneous core simulation.

[0025] like Figure 1As shown, the oil dripping component 102 is suspended above the through-fracture 202 of the layered rock core simulation component 101 via a support. It is used to inject simulated oil, either mineral or synthetic, into the through-fracture 202 to simulate the characteristics of underground crude oil. The membrane structure component 104 is fixed to a predetermined flow path in the through-fracture 202, which is the main fluid channel. The membrane structure component 104 is in contact with the inner wall of the through-fracture 202. The oil dripping component 102 simulates the natural distribution of oil in the sand layer through dripping and infiltration, accurately reproducing the original state of oil-sand coexistence. This solves the problem of oil-sand distribution distortion caused by traditional direct mixing methods. Simultaneously, the membrane structure component 104 guides the fluid along the through-fracture 202, avoiding flow path distortion caused by mechanical resistance. The shape of the membrane structure component 104 conforms to the inner wall of the through-fracture 202, ensuring directional fluid flow without hindering the coordinated movement of oil and sand, thus solving the technical problems of poor compatibility between valve structures and underground fluids, and simulation failure.

[0026] The parameter monitoring system includes a monitoring terminal, a data acquisition system, multiple pressure sensors, and multiple temperature sensors. The pressure and temperature sensors are installed in the through-cracks, bedding interfaces, rock strata interiors, and media injection pipes of the layered rock core simulation sample. All pressure and temperature sensors are communicatively connected to the monitoring terminal. The data acquisition system records the sensor data and can generate visual reports from it.

[0027] Through the synergistic effect of layered rock core simulation component 101, fracture morphology, membrane structure guidance, and oil-sand coexistence simulation, the experimental environment is highly matched with the physical and chemical characteristics of the underground strata. The simulation results of fluid flow patterns and energy transfer processes are closer to the actual field conditions, providing a reliable basis for process optimization.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the oil dripping assembly 102 includes: a liquid storage section, a conduit, and a flow control assembly. The liquid storage section stores simulated oil. One end of the conduit is connected to the liquid storage section, and the other end is suspended above the through fracture 202. The flow control assembly is installed on the conduit and is used to control the flow rate of the simulated oil, with a flow rate range of 0.1-10 mL / min and a time range of 1-60 minutes to simulate different seepage conditions. Simulated oil is dripped into the sand layer through the oil dripping assembly 102, and the dripping speed and duration are controlled by the flow control assembly to ensure that the oil seeps evenly into the sand layer, simulating the original formation state of underground oil and sand coexistence.

[0029] The injection medium 302 injected by the layered medium injection system 103 is either a gas or a liquid. The gas is nitrogen or air, and the liquid is water or simulated formation water.

[0030] The stratified medium injection system 103 is equipped with a control component. The pressure range of the injection medium 302 is 0.1-10MPa, which is used to adjust the flow rate, pressure and timing of the injection medium to achieve precise stratified control.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, the membrane structure component 104 is a flexible breathable membrane 301 with multiple breathable holes. The diameter of the breathable holes ranges from 0.1 to 1 mm and is used to guide the flow of the injection medium 302.

[0032] The through-crack 202 was prepared by cutting, carving, or 3D printing, with a cross-sectional shape of rectangle, V-shape, or ellipse. Spatial matching of bedding and cracks was achieved through 3D printing or mold forming, ensuring a high degree of consistency between the simulated environment and the structural characteristics of real underground strata, providing a reliable platform for the study of fluid flow patterns.

[0033] A layered visualization stratigraphic simulation experimental method, using the above-mentioned experimental apparatus, includes the following steps: Simulated oil is injected into the simulated sand layer within the through-crack 202 of the layered core simulation component 101 through the oil dripping component 102. The injection flow rate and duration are controlled to allow the simulated oil to penetrate the sand layer uniformly, thereby establishing an initial oil-sand coexistence formation state. The fluid flow direction is guided by the membrane structure component 104 disposed on the predetermined flow path of the through crack 202; According to the experimental objective, the medium is injected into the medium injection pipe 203 in the specified rock layer of the layered rock core simulation component 101 through the layered medium injection system 103 to drive the oil sand in the through fracture 202 to move. During the injection process, the diffusion of the medium in different rock layers, its interaction with oil sands, and the migration of oil sands along the cracks are observed in real time through the transparent shell of the layered rock core simulation component 101. At the same time, the pressure and temperature data of the penetrating crack 202, the interface or interior of the layered structure 201, and the medium injection pipe 203 are collected and recorded in real time through the parameter monitoring system. By comparing and analyzing the characteristics and extraction efficiency of oil sand migration under different layered injection parameters and membrane structure guidance, experimental conclusions were drawn.

[0034] The injection flow rate of the simulated oil is controlled at 0.1-10 mL / min, and the injection time is 1-60 minutes. The pressure of the injection medium is controlled within the range of 0.1 MPa-10 MPa, and the injection flow rate, pressure and timing are regulated by the control components of the layered medium injection system 103.

[0035] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any variations that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A layered visualization stratigraphic simulation experimental device, characterized in that, include: A layered rock core simulation component includes: a transparent outer shell; a layered structure disposed inside the transparent outer shell, comprising multiple rock layers to simulate the physical properties of underground strata; at least one penetrating fracture that longitudinally penetrates multiple rock layers and is filled with standard quartz sand; and multiple media injection pipes, each embedded in each of the rock layers, one end of each media injection pipe extending to the outside of the transparent outer shell for connecting to a layered media injection system, and the other end having an outlet located inside the rock layer or at the penetrating fracture for injecting media into the rock layer or the penetrating fracture. The oil dripping assembly is suspended above the through-crack of the layered rock core simulation component by a bracket, and is used to inject simulated oil into the through-crack; Membrane structure components are fixed to the flow path that penetrates the cracks; The parameter monitoring system includes: multiple pressure sensors and multiple temperature sensors, which are installed in the through cracks, bedding interfaces, rock strata interiors, and media injection pipes of the layered rock core simulation component; a monitoring terminal, to which the multiple pressure sensors and multiple temperature sensors are communicatively connected; and a data acquisition system for recording sensor data.

2. The layered visualization stratigraphic simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arrangement of the multi-layered rock strata in the layered structure adopts a parallel arrangement, an interlaced arrangement, or a combination of parallel and interlaced arrangements.

3. The layered visualization stratigraphic simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil dripping component includes: The liquid storage section is used to store simulated oil; The conduit has one end connected to the liquid storage section and the other end suspended above the through crack; A flow control component, disposed on the conduit, is used to control the flow rate of the simulated oil.

4. The layered visualization stratigraphic simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injection medium injected by the layered medium injection system is either a gas or a liquid.

5. The layered visualization stratigraphic simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The layered medium injection system is equipped with control components for adjusting the flow rate, pressure, and timing of the injected medium.

6. The layered visualization stratigraphic simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The membrane structure component is a flexible, breathable membrane with multiple pores. The pore diameter ranges from 0.1 to 1 mm, which are used to guide the flow of the injected medium.

7. The layered visualization stratigraphic simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The standard quartz sand is compacted using a compaction tool, and its filling density is adjustable to simulate different geological conditions.

8. The layered visualization stratigraphic simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The through cracks are prepared by cutting, carving or 3D printing processes, and the cross-sectional shape is rectangular, V-shaped or elliptical.

9. A layered visualization method for strata simulation experiments, characterized in that, The experiment using the experimental apparatus of any one of claims 1-8 includes the following steps: Simulated oil was injected into the simulated sand layer within the penetrating fracture of the layered rock core simulation component using an oil dripping assembly. The injection flow rate and duration were controlled to ensure that the simulated oil permeated the sand layer uniformly, thereby establishing an initial oil-sand coexistence formation state. The direction of fluid flow is guided by membrane structure components positioned along the predetermined flow path of the penetrating crack; According to the experimental objective, a medium is injected into a medium injection pipe in a specified rock layer in a layered rock core simulation through a layered medium injection system to drive the migration of oil sand in the penetrating fracture. During the injection process, the diffusion of the medium in different rock layers, its interaction with oil sands, and the migration of oil sands along the fractures are observed in real time through the transparent shell of the layered rock core simulation component. At the same time, the pressure and temperature data of the through fractures, the interface or interior of the layered rock structure, and the medium injection pipe are collected and recorded in real time through the parameter monitoring system. By comparing and analyzing the characteristics and extraction efficiency of oil sand migration under different layered injection parameters and membrane structure guidance, experimental conclusions were drawn.

10. The method for layered visualization of stratigraphic simulation experiments according to claim 9, characterized in that, The injection flow rate of the simulated oil was controlled at 0.1-10 mL / min, and the injection time was 1-60 minutes. The pressure of the injected medium is controlled within the range of 0.1 MPa-10 MPa, and the injection flow rate, pressure and timing are regulated by the control components of the layered medium injection system.

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