Seismic data surface wave noise suppression method, electronic equipment, storage medium and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a seismic data surface wave noise suppression method, electronic equipment, a storage medium and a device. The method comprises the following steps: inputting seismic data to be processed; setting time direction structural elements and space direction structural elements; and performing surface wave noise suppression on the seismic data by using mathematical morphology based on the time direction structural elements and the space direction structural elements. According to the method, the time direction structural elements and the space direction structural elements are set, the mathematical morphology is utilized to perform preliminary surface wave noise suppression along the time direction, the difference profile of the original seismic data and the preliminarily extracted noise profile is calculated, and the mathematical morphology is utilized to perform signal extraction on the difference profile along the space direction, so that effective noise suppression is realized; meanwhile, effective signals are protected, seismic data quality is improved, and the method has good application prospects in seismic signal processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geophysical exploration technology, and more specifically, relates to a method for suppressing surface wave noise in seismic data, an electronic device, a storage medium, and a device. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening development of oil and gas exploration, exploration and development are gradually shifting towards complex oil and gas reservoirs. High-resolution seismic exploration and time-shifted seismic exploration technologies are becoming increasingly important, thus raising the requirements for seismic data quality. Currently, noise suppression in seismic data has a significant impact on subsequent processing, modeling, and imaging. Surface wave noise, with its high energy, is a primary challenge in seismic data preprocessing. Therefore, effective suppression of surface wave noise is crucial for improving the quality of seismic data.

[0003] However, existing conventional techniques effectively suppress surface wave noise by using FK filtering to address the differences between the surface wave's frequency, velocity, and effective signal. But when encountering irregular sampling, the irregular sampling causes leakage of surface wave spectral energy, making it difficult to suppress noise effectively.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section of this invention is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this invention, and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, electronic device, storage medium, and apparatus for suppressing surface wave noise in seismic data, thereby effectively suppressing surface wave noise while protecting valid signals.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a method, electronic device, storage medium, and apparatus for suppressing surface wave noise in seismic data.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for suppressing surface wave noise in seismic data is proposed, comprising:

[0008] Input the seismic data to be processed;

[0009] Set the time direction structure element and the space direction structure element;

[0010] Based on the time-direction and spatial-direction structural elements, surface wave noise suppression is performed on the seismic data using mathematical morphology.

[0011] Optionally, the basic formulas of the mathematical morphology include:

[0012] Structural elements:

[0013] Dilation operator:

[0014] Erosion operator:

[0015] Opening operator:

[0016] Closing operator:

[0017] where A is the average value of the absolute value of the seismic data amplitude, L is the length, d(t) represents the seismic data, and se(τ) represents the structuring element. represents dilation, erosion, represents opening, · represents closing, and τ is the coordinate position of the structuring element.

[0018] Optionally, the surface wave noise suppression of the seismic data using mathematical morphology based on the time-direction structuring element and the space-direction structuring element includes:

[0019] Calculating preliminary surface wave noise suppression data for the seismic data along the time direction using the mathematical morphology based on the time-direction structuring element;

[0020] Calculating a difference profile based on the preliminary surface wave noise suppression data and the seismic data;

[0021] Calculating loss data for the preliminary surface wave noise suppression process for the difference profile along the space direction using the mathematical morphology based on the time-direction structuring element;

[0022] Calculating the final surface wave noise suppression result of the seismic data based on the loss data and the preliminary surface wave noise suppression data.

[0023] Optionally, the calculation expression for the preliminary surface wave noise suppression data is:

[0024]

[0025] where x i is the i-th seismic trace in the seismic data, 0 ≤ i < n, n is the total number of seismic traces in the seismic data, and se t (τ) is the time-direction structuring element.

[0026] Optionally, the calculation expression for the difference profile is:

[0027] a(t,x) = d(t,x i ) - r(t,x i ).

[0028] Optionally, the calculation expression for the loss data is:

[0029]

[0030] Among them, se t (τ) is a spatial directional structural element.

[0031] Optionally, the calculation expression for the final seismic data surface wave noise suppression result is as follows:

[0032]

[0033] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a seismic data surface wave noise suppression device is provided, comprising:

[0034] The input module is used to input the seismic data to be processed;

[0035] The settings module is used to set the time direction structure element and the space direction structure element;

[0036] The suppression module is used to suppress surface wave noise in the seismic data using mathematical morphology based on the time-direction structural element and the spatial-direction structural element.

[0037] According to a third aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, the electronic device comprising:

[0038] At least one processor; and,

[0039] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0040] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the seismic data surface wave noise suppression method according to any of the first aspects.

[0041] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided, characterized in that the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the seismic data surface wave noise suppression method described in any of the first aspects.

[0042] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By setting time-direction structural elements and spatial-direction structural elements, this invention uses mathematical morphology to perform preliminary surface wave noise suppression along the time direction, calculates the difference profile between the original seismic data and the initially extracted noise profile, and uses mathematical morphology to extract signals from the difference profile along the spatial direction, thereby achieving effective noise suppression while protecting the effective signal.

[0043] The system of the present invention has other features and advantages that will be apparent from or will be set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and following detailed description, which together serve to explain the particular principles of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0044] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals generally denote like parts.

[0045] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a seismic data surface wave noise suppression method according to the present invention is shown.

[0046] Figure 2 Figures a, b, and c respectively illustrate the seismic data to be processed according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, the preliminary surface wave noise suppression result of the seismic data along the time direction, and the final surface wave noise suppression result after the signal is extracted along the spatial direction.

[0047] Figure 3 Figures a and b show schematic diagrams of the difference profiles between the preliminary surface wave noise suppression results and the original seismic data, and the difference profiles between the extracted signals along the spatial direction and the original seismic data, respectively. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, a seismic data surface wave noise suppression method according to the present invention includes:

[0050] Input the seismic data to be processed;

[0051] Set the time direction structure element and the space direction structure element;

[0052] Surface wave noise suppression is performed on seismic data using mathematical morphology based on time-direction and spatial-direction structure elements.

[0053] Specifically, this invention designs structural elements in both the time and spatial directions. Based on mathematical morphology opening and closing operations, it first calculates preliminary removal of surface wave noise along the time direction. Since surface wave noise suppression may lead to signal loss, it calculates the difference profile between the original data and the initially extracted noise profile. Then, it uses mathematical morphology opening and closing operations to extract the signal from the difference profile along the spatial direction, extracting the lost signal. The extracted residual signal is then added to the surface wave-removed data to obtain the final result. This invention can effectively suppress noise while protecting the effective signal, improving the quality of seismic data and showing good application prospects in seismic signal processing.

[0054] In one example, the basic formulas of mathematical morphology include:

[0055] Structural elements:

[0056] Dilation operator:

[0057] Corrosion operator:

[0058] Start operator:

[0059] Closure operator:

[0060] Where A is the average absolute value of the earthquake data amplitude, L is the length, d(t) represents the earthquake data, and se(τ) represents the structural element. Represents expansion, corrosion, · represents open, · represents closed, and τ is the coordinate position of the structuring element.

[0061] In one example, surface wave noise suppression of seismic data using mathematical morphology based on temporal and spatial structure elements includes:

[0062] Preliminary surface wave noise suppression data are calculated from seismic data along the time direction using mathematical morphology based on time-direction structural elements.

[0063] Differential profiles were calculated based on preliminary surface wave noise suppression data and seismic data;

[0064] Loss data of the initial surface wave noise suppression process is calculated using mathematical morphology along spatial direction contrast profiles based on time-direction structuring elements.

[0065] The final seismic surface wave noise suppression results were calculated based on the loss data and preliminary surface wave noise suppression data.

[0066] In one example, the calculation expression for the initial surface wave noise suppression data is as follows:

[0067]

[0068] Among them, x i is the i-th seismic trace in the seismic data, 0 ≤ i < n, where n is the total number of seismic traces in the seismic data, and se t (τ) is the structural element in the time direction.

[0069] In one example, the calculation expression of the difference profile is:

[0070] a(t, x) = d(t, x i ) - r(t, x i ).

[0071] In one example, the calculation expression of the loss data is:

[0072]

[0073] Among them, se t (τ) is the structural element in the spatial direction.

[0074] In one example, the calculation expression of the final seismic data surface wave noise suppression result is:

[0075]

[0076] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but it is not a limitation of the present invention. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0077] Embodiment 1

[0078] This embodiment provides a method for suppressing surface wave noise in seismic data, including:

[0079] Inputting the seismic data to be processed;

[0080] Setting the structural element in the time direction and the structural element in the spatial direction;

[0081] Based on the structural element in the time direction and the structural element in the spatial direction, using mathematical morphology to suppress surface wave noise in the seismic data.

[0082] The basic formulas of mathematical morphology include:

[0083] Structural element:

[0084] Dilation operator:

[0085] Erosion operator:

[0086] Opening operator:

[0087] Closing operator:

[0088] Among them, A is the average value of the absolute value of the amplitude of seismic data, L is the length, d(t) represents seismic data, and se(τ) represents the structural element. represents dilation, erosion, represents opening, · represents closing, and τ is the coordinate position of the structural element.

[0089] Using mathematical morphology based on the structural element in the time direction and the structural element in the spatial direction to suppress surface wave noise from seismic data includes:

[0090] Using mathematical morphology based on the structural element in the time direction to calculate the preliminary surface wave noise suppression data for seismic data along the time direction;

[0091] Calculating the difference profile based on the preliminary surface wave noise suppression data and the seismic data;

[0092] Using mathematical morphology based on the structural element in the time direction to calculate the loss data during the preliminary surface wave noise suppression process for the difference profile along the spatial direction;

[0093] Calculating the final surface wave noise suppression result of the seismic data based on the loss data and the preliminary surface wave noise suppression data.

[0094] The calculation expression for the preliminary surface wave noise suppression data is:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, x i is the i-th seismic trace in the seismic data, 0 ≤ i < n, n is the total number of seismic traces in the seismic data, and se t (τ) is the structural element in the time direction.

[0097] The calculation expression for the difference profile is:

[0098] a(t,x) = d(t,x i ) - r(t,x i ).

[0099] The calculation expression for the loss data is:

[0100]

[0101] Among them, se t (τ) is the structural element in the spatial direction.

[0102] The final calculation expression for seismic data surface wave noise suppression is as follows:

[0103]

[0104] Example 2

[0105] This embodiment provides a method for suppressing surface wave noise in seismic data, including:

[0106] This method uses mathematical morphology to suppress surface wave noise in seismic data. A brief introduction to the basic formulas of mathematical morphology is provided. Let the structural element be a semicircle of length L, then...

[0107] The structural element is:

[0108] Dilation operator:

[0109] Corrosion operator:

[0110] Start operator:

[0111] Closure operator:

[0112] Where A is the average absolute value of the earthquake data amplitude, L is the length, d(t) represents the earthquake data, and se(τ) represents the structural element. Represents expansion, corrosion, · represents open, · represents closed, and τ is the coordinate position of the structuring element.

[0113] The process is as follows:

[0114] Set the structure element parameters: the length in the time direction is L. t Spatial direction L x According to formula (1), the corresponding structuring element se is obtained. t and se x .

[0115] Set the fast smoothing parameters: smoothing radius r, and the number of maximum and minimum values ​​to remove r1.

[0116] (1) Input the seismic data to be processed, d(t,x), there are n channels of seismic data in total;

[0117] (2) For x i (0 <= i < n) channels, calculated along the time direction:

[0118] The initial suppression results were obtained;

[0119] (3) Subtract the original data from the compressed result to obtain a(t,x) = d(t,x) - r(t,x). Then, along the spatial direction, subtract a(t,x) from the compressed result. j ,x) calculate Extract the signal loss caused by suppressing surface waves.

[0120] (4) Calculation That is, the final result of surface wave suppression of the seismic data.

[0121] The method described in this embodiment is used for surface wave noise suppression. Figure 2 (a) shows the seismic data to be processed. Figure 2 (b) shows the preliminary surface wave noise suppression results of the seismic data along the time direction. Figure 2 (c) shows the final surface wave noise suppression result after the signal is extracted along the spatial direction; Figure 3 (a) shows the difference profile between the preliminary surface wave noise suppression results and the seismic data; Figure 3 (b) shows the difference profile between the extracted signal and the seismic data, which reduces the loss of effective signal, effectively suppresses noise, and protects the effective signal, which is of great significance for improving the quality of seismic data.

[0122] Example 3

[0123] This embodiment provides a seismic data surface wave noise suppression device, including:

[0124] The input module is used to input the seismic data to be processed;

[0125] The settings module is used to set the time direction structure element and the space direction structure element;

[0126] The suppression module is used to suppress surface wave noise in seismic data using mathematical morphology based on temporal and spatial structural elements.

[0127] The basic formulas of mathematical morphology include:

[0128] Structural elements:

[0129] Dilation operator:

[0130] Corrosion operator:

[0131] Start operator:

[0132] Closure operator:

[0133] Among them, A is the average value of the absolute value of the amplitude of seismic data, L is the length, d(t) represents seismic data, and se(τ) represents the structural element. represents dilation, erosion, represents opening, · represents closing, and τ is the coordinate position of the structural element.

[0134] Using mathematical morphology based on the structural element in the time direction and the structural element in the spatial direction to suppress surface wave noise in seismic data includes:

[0135] Using mathematical morphology based on the structural element in the time direction to calculate the preliminary surface wave noise suppression data for the seismic data along the time direction;

[0136] Calculating the difference profile based on the preliminary surface wave noise suppression data and the seismic data;

[0137] Using mathematical morphology based on the structural element in the time direction to calculate the loss data in the process of preliminary surface wave noise suppression for the difference profile along the spatial direction;

[0138] Calculating the final surface wave noise suppression result of the seismic data based on the loss data and the preliminary surface wave noise suppression data.

[0139] The calculation expression for the preliminary surface wave noise suppression data is:

[0140]

[0141] Among them, x i is the i-th seismic trace in the seismic data, 0 ≤ i < n, n is the total number of seismic traces in the seismic data, and se t (τ) is the structural element in the time direction.

[0142] The calculation expression for the difference profile is:

[0143] a(t,x) = d(t,x i ) - r(t,x i ).

[0144] The calculation expression for the loss data is:

[0145]

[0146] Among them, se t (τ) is the structural element in the spatial direction.

[0147] The calculation expression for the final surface wave noise suppression result of the seismic data is:

[0148]

[0149] Example 4

[0150] This disclosure also provides an electronic device, which includes:

[0151] At least one processor; and,

[0152] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0153] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, which enables the at least one processor to perform the seismic data surface wave noise suppression method in Embodiment 1.

[0154] An electronic device according to embodiments of the present disclosure includes a memory and a processor. The memory is used to store non-transitory computer-readable instructions. Specifically, the memory may include one or more computer program products, which may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may, for example, include random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. The non-volatile memory may, for example, include read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc.

[0155] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit with data processing capabilities and / or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. In one embodiment of this disclosure, the processor is used to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory.

[0156] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in order to solve the technical problem of how to achieve a good user experience, this embodiment may also include well-known structures such as communication buses and interfaces, and these well-known structures should also be included within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0157] For a detailed description of this embodiment, please refer to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0158] Example 5

[0159] This disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the seismic data surface wave noise suppression method in Embodiment 1.

[0160] A computer-readable storage medium according to embodiments of the present disclosure stores non-transitory computer-readable instructions. When these non-transitory computer-readable instructions are executed by a processor, all or part of the steps of the methods described in the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are performed.

[0161] The aforementioned computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to: optical storage media (e.g., CD-ROM and DVD), magneto-optical storage media (e.g., MO), magnetic storage media (e.g., magnetic tape or portable hard drive), media with built-in rewritable non-volatile memory (e.g., memory card), and media with built-in ROM (e.g., ROM cartridge).

[0162] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for suppressing surface wave noise in seismic data, characterized in that, include: Input the seismic data to be processed; Set the time direction structure element and the space direction structure element; Based on the time-direction and spatial-direction structural elements, surface wave noise suppression is performed on the seismic data using mathematical morphology.

2. The seismic data surface wave noise suppression method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic formulas of the mathematical morphology include: Structural elements: Dilation operator: Corrosion operator: Start operator: Closure operator: Where A is the average absolute value of the earthquake data amplitude, L is the length, d(t) represents the earthquake data, and se(τ) represents the structural element. Represents expansion, corrosion, · represents open, · represents closed, and τ is the coordinate position of the structuring element.

3. The seismic data surface wave noise suppression method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface wave noise suppression of the seismic data based on the time-direction and spatial-direction structural elements using mathematical morphology includes: Based on the time-direction structural element, the mathematical morphology is used to calculate preliminary surface wave noise suppression data for the seismic data along the time direction; The differential profile was calculated based on the preliminary surface wave noise suppression data and the seismic data; Based on the time-direction structuring element, the mathematical morphology is used to calculate the loss data of the preliminary surface wave noise suppression process along the spatial direction of the differential profile. The final seismic surface wave noise suppression results were calculated based on the loss data and preliminary surface wave noise suppression data.

4. The seismic data surface wave noise suppression method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation expression for the preliminary surface wave noise suppression data is as follows: where x i is the i-th seismic trace in the seismic data, 0 ≤ i < n, where n is the total number of seismic traces, and se t (τ) is the structural element in the time direction.

5. The seismic data surface wave noise suppression method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation expression for the differential profile is: a(t,x)=d(t,x i )-r(t,x i )。 6. The seismic data surface wave noise suppression method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The expression for calculating the loss data is: Among them, se t (τ) is a spatial directional structural element.

7. The seismic data surface wave noise suppression method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation expression for the final seismic data surface wave noise suppression result is as follows:

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: At least one processor; and, A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the seismic data surface wave noise suppression method according to any one of claims 1-7.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the seismic data surface wave noise suppression method according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A seismic data surface wave noise suppression device, characterized in that, include: The input module is used to input the seismic data to be processed; The settings module is used to set the time direction structure element and the space direction structure element; The suppression module is used to suppress surface wave noise in the seismic data using mathematical morphology based on the time-direction structural element and the spatial-direction structural element.

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