Bionic interface evaporator device and manufacturing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a bionic interface evaporator device and a manufacturing process. The device comprises a base and a plurality of bionic bud units fixed above the base. Each bionic bud unit comprises a stamen and a plurality of layers of petal bodies arranged around the stamen, the plurality of petal bodies on the same layer are circumferentially and uniformly distributed along the axis of the stamen, and the petal bodies on adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered manner in the radial direction. The multiple bionic bud units are arranged in a multi-layer circular array around the center of the base, the bud units on each layer are evenly distributed on the circumference, and the bud units on different layers are arranged in a staggered mode in the radial direction. A plurality of through holes penetrating through the base are formed among the plurality of bionic bud units. By designing the multi-layer petal body structure, the effective evaporation area and the light absorption area are remarkably increased within the limited substrate projection area, meanwhile, the water transportation and steam escape path is optimized, heat loss and mass transfer resistance are reduced, and therefore the evaporation efficiency of the solar driven interface evaporator is improved.

Description

A biomimetic interfacial evaporation device and its manufacturing method Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of solar interfacial evaporation, specifically to a biomimetic interfacial evaporation device and its manufacturing method. Background Technology

[0002] Freshwater scarcity has become a global challenge. Traditional seawater desalination and wastewater treatment technologies are energy-intensive and require large infrastructure investments, making them unsuitable for decentralized, low-cost scenarios. Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology, however, utilizes an interfacial solar evaporator floating at the air / water interface to absorb solar radiation and convert it into heat energy, thereby evaporating water and concentrating the heat energy at the interface. Compared to traditional seawater desalination technologies, solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology offers higher photothermal conversion efficiency and freshwater production efficiency.

[0003] However, the performance of existing solar interface evaporation devices depends on the synergistic design of photothermal materials and evaporation structures, and still has the following drawbacks: traditional two-dimensional planar evaporators have limited effective evaporation area and light absorption area, and the steam escape path is single, which easily leads to large heat loss and mass transfer resistance, low photothermal conversion efficiency, and limited evaporation efficiency; although three-dimensional configurations can increase specific surface area and improve mass transfer, they usually rely on multi-step processing technology, and the process scalability is insufficient. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention provides a biomimetic interface evaporation device and its manufacturing method, solving the problems of insufficient effective evaporation area and limited evaporation efficiency caused by the single water transport and steam escape path in existing solar interface evaporation devices.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a biomimetic interfacial evaporation device comprises:

[0006] The base and multiple biomimetic flower bud units fixed above the base. Each biomimetic flower bud unit includes a stamen and multiple layers of petals arranged around the stamen. Multiple petals in the same layer are evenly distributed in a circle along the axis of the stamen. Petals in adjacent layers are staggered in the radial direction. Multiple biomimetic flower bud units are arranged in a multi-layer circular array around the center of the base. Multiple biomimetic flower bud units in the same layer are evenly distributed in a circle. Petals in adjacent layers are staggered in the radial direction. Multiple through holes penetrating the base are provided between multiple biomimetic flower bud units. The multiple through holes are evenly spaced.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an interfacial evaporation device has at least the following beneficial effects: The present invention designs a biomimetic bud unit composed of a stamen and multiple layers of petals, and constructs a multi-ring uniformly arranged array of biomimetic bud units on a base to form a biomimetic interfacial evaporation device. This significantly improves the effective evaporation area and light absorption area within a limited substrate projection area. The radially staggered arrangement of multiple layers of petals, the radially staggered arrangement of multiple biomimetic bud units, and the through-hole design between units jointly optimize the water transport and steam escape paths, effectively reducing heat loss and mass transfer resistance, thereby improving the efficiency of solar-driven interfacial evaporation. The biomimetic structure provided by the present invention has high flexibility, good photothermal performance, and process scalability, and can adapt to the complex environment of fluctuating water surfaces.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the base is 1-10 mm and the diameter is 15-105 mm.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the spacing between the bionic flower bud units is 1.5-5 times the outer diameter of a single bionic flower bud unit, and the number of bionic flower bud units in the Nth layer from the center of the base outward is 6N (where N=1, 2, ...).

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the stamen is conical, with a base diameter to height ratio of 1:5 to 1:15 and a base diameter of 1-4 mm.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the petal body is a curved surface structure, and the shape of the petal body is obtained by rotating and stretching one or more continuous arc curves around the stamen.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the height of the multiple layers of petals is the same, and the height of the multiple layers of petals is higher than the height of the stamen.

[0013] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a biomimetic interface evaporation device is characterized in that it is applicable to the above-mentioned biomimetic interface evaporation device, and the method comprises: establishing a three-dimensional structural model of the biomimetic interface evaporation device using digital modeling; preparing a magnetic photocurable resin material; using the magnetic photocurable resin material for 3D printing to obtain a green model of the biomimetic interface evaporation device; cleaning the green model with anhydrous ethanol and performing ultraviolet light post-curing treatment to obtain the interface evaporation device.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the magnetic photocurable resin material is prepared by mixing water-based magnetic fluid material and flexible photocurable resin material at a weight ratio of 1:10-1:20 and then subjecting the mixture to heating, stirring, emulsification, and vacuum degassing treatment.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the process of using the magnetic photocurable resin material to 3D print the green model of the biomimetic interface evaporation device, the 3D printing is carried out at an angle of 15°-35°.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the curing time of the UV post-curing treatment is 2-10 s.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein: Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a biomimetic interface evaporation device provided by the present invention; Figure 2 is a top view of an embodiment of a biomimetic interface evaporation device provided by the present invention; Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a biomimetic flower bud unit in a biomimetic interface evaporation device provided by the present invention; Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a flower stamen in a biomimetic interface evaporation device provided by the present invention; Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the first layer of petals in a biomimetic interface evaporation device provided by the present invention; Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the second layer of petals in a biomimetic interface evaporation device provided by the present invention; Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the third layer of petals in a biomimetic interface evaporation device provided by the present invention; Figure 8 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a manufacturing method for a biomimetic interface evaporation device provided by the present invention; Figure 9 shows the manufacturing method for a biomimetic interface evaporation device provided by the present invention, in which the magnetic fluid content is 2.5% and 5.0%. Figure 10 shows the solar absorption spectrum of the magnetohydrodynamic photocurable composite materials (i.e., 2.5%Fe3O4@F69, 5.0%Fe3O4@F69, and 7.5%Fe3O4@F69) with magnetohydrodynamic content of 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% in the biomimetic interface evaporation device manufacturing method provided by the present invention, and the stress-strain curves of the standard samples made with the magnetohydrodynamic photocurable composite materials (i.e., 2.5%Fe3O4@F69, 5.0%Fe3O4@F69, and 7.5%Fe3O4@F69) with magnetohydrodynamic content of 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% in the biomimetic interface evaporation device manufacturing method provided by the present invention, and the bar graph of the evaporation rate and efficiency of the magnetohydrodynamic interface evaporation device made with the magnetohydrodynamic photocurable composite materials (i.e., 2.5%Fe3O4@F69, 5.0%Fe3O4@F69, and 7.5%Fe3O4@F69) under one sunlight.

[0019] Reference numerals: Base 100; Through hole 110; Bionic flower bud unit 200; Stamen 210; Petal body 220; First layer petal 221; Second layer petal 222; Third layer petal 223. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0022] In the description of this invention, "multiple" refers to two or more. The use of "first" and "second" is for distinguishing technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or their sequential relationship.

[0023] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

[0025] Freshwater scarcity has become a global challenge. Traditional seawater desalination and wastewater treatment technologies are energy-intensive and require large infrastructure investments, making them unsuitable for decentralized, low-cost scenarios. Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology, however, utilizes an interfacial solar steam generator floating at the air / water interface to absorb solar radiation and convert it into heat energy, thereby evaporating water. The generated heat energy is concentrated in the interfacial region. Compared to traditional seawater desalination technologies, solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology offers higher photothermal conversion efficiency and freshwater production efficiency.

[0026] However, the performance of existing solar interface evaporation devices relies on the synergistic design of photothermal materials and evaporation structures, and still suffers from the following drawbacks: In terms of structure, traditional two-dimensional planar evaporators have limited effective area and a single vapor escape path, which restricts efficiency improvement; although three-dimensional configurations can increase specific surface area and improve mass transfer, they usually rely on multi-step processing technology, making it difficult to balance complex morphology, high integration and scalability; high photothermal performance materials such as noble metal nanostructures and carbon-based materials are often complex to prepare, costly, difficult to uniformly load and stably operate, and have problems such as insufficient flexibility and limited environmental stability; additive manufacturing has made it possible to construct complex evaporation structures in an integrated manner, but there are still few photothermal functional material systems that can be used for photopolymerization printing, especially composite materials that combine magnetic response, strong absorption and good flexibility. Existing printed evaporators are mostly based on rigid materials, which are difficult to adapt to curved or dynamic interfaces. At the same time, how to significantly improve the evaporation interface within the projected area through three-dimensional design while maintaining overall flexibility, and optimize water transport and vapor escape, remains a key challenge.

[0027] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a biomimetic interface evaporation device and its manufacturing method, which effectively solves the problems of insufficient effective evaporation area, limited evaporation efficiency due to the single water transport and steam escape path, and complex processes in existing solar interface evaporation devices.

[0028] Referring to Figures 1 to 11, the following embodiments of the biomimetic interface evaporation device and manufacturing method of the present invention are provided: Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the biomimetic interface evaporation device of the present invention includes a base 100 and a plurality of biomimetic flower bud units 200 fixed to one side of the base 100.

[0029] The base 100 supports an array of multiple biomimetic flower bud units 200 and provides overall mechanical support, enabling the biomimetic interface evaporation device to float on the water surface. In this embodiment, the thickness of the base 100 is 1-10 mm and the diameter is 15-105 mm, thus balancing flexibility and structural stability. Preferably, the thickness of the base 100 is 1-5 mm and the diameter is 35-65 mm, further reducing weight and ensuring adaptability to complex environments such as undulating water surfaces.

[0030] Multiple biomimetic flower bud units 200 form a three-dimensional structure, which greatly increases the effective evaporation area under the same unit projection area. The multiple biomimetic flower bud units 200 are arranged in a circular array on the base 100. There is a central biomimetic flower bud unit 200 at the center of the base 100. Multiple layers of biomimetic flower bud units 200 are arranged layer by layer around the center of the base 100. Multiple biomimetic flower bud units 200 in the same layer are evenly distributed in a circle. The biomimetic flower bud units 200 in adjacent layers are staggered in the radial direction to optimize the position arrangement of multiple biomimetic flower bud units 200, take into account the space utilization rate and ensure the steam escape efficiency.

[0031] In this embodiment of the invention, the number of biomimetic flower bud units 200 in each layer is 6N (N=1, 2, ...). The spacing between each biomimetic flower bud unit 200 is 1.5-5 times the outer diameter of a single biomimetic flower bud unit 200. By rationally designing the arrangement of multiple biomimetic flower bud units 200, reasonable space filling can be achieved within a limited base area, maximizing the effective evaporation area while also taking into account the steam channel layout to ensure smooth steam escape.

[0032] In this embodiment, two layers are arranged around the central bionic flower bud unit 200. From the inside out, the first layer includes 6 bionic flower bud units 200 and the second layer includes 12 bionic flower bud units 200. In other embodiments, the number of bionic flower bud units 200 in each layer and the number of layers can be designed according to factors such as water buoyancy and material density.

[0033] Referring to Figure 2, further, multiple through holes 110 penetrating the base 100 are provided between the multiple bionic flower bud units 200. The multiple through holes 110 are evenly spaced. On the one hand, the multiple through holes 110 serve as water transport channels, driving water from the water surface below the base 100 to the effective evaporation area on the surface of the bionic flower bud unit 200 through capillary action. On the other hand, they help salt migration and precipitation, improve the device's resistance to salt contamination, and alleviate the problem of salt accumulation causing channel blockage and affecting water transport capacity.

[0034] Referring to Figure 3, for the structure of a single bionic flower bud unit 200, the bionic flower bud unit 200 includes a stamen 210 and multiple petal bodies 220 arranged layer by layer around the stamen 210. The multiple petal bodies 220 in the same layer are evenly distributed in a circle along the axis of the stamen 210. The petal bodies 220 in adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered manner in the radial direction. The petal bodies 220 are inclined from one end connected to the stamen 210 to the other end in a direction away from the stamen 210.

[0035] This invention introduces a biomimetic flower bud unit 200 composed of a stamen 210 and multiple layers of petals 220, and constructs an array of multiple uniformly arranged biomimetic flower bud units 200 on a flexible circular base 100 to form a multi-scale three-dimensional evaporation interface. This significantly improves the effective evaporation area and light absorption area within a limited substrate projection area. The radially staggered arrangement of the multiple layers of petals 220, the radially staggered arrangement of multiple biomimetic flower bud units 200, and the design of the through holes 110 together optimize the water transport and steam escape paths, effectively reducing heat loss and mass transfer resistance, thereby improving the efficiency of solar-driven interface evaporation.

[0036] Furthermore, referring to Figure 4, the stamen 210 is conical in shape, with a bottom diameter to height ratio of 1:5 to 1:15 and a bottom diameter of 1-4 mm, forming a slender conical structure. A protruding structure is formed at the top, which is beneficial for enhancing local light capture and vapor escape.

[0037] The petal body 220 of the biomimetic flower bud unit 200 has a curved surface structure. The shape of the petal body 220 is obtained by rotating and stretching one or more continuous arc curves around the stamen 210, thus constructing multiple curved surfaces that allow water to adhere and have strong light absorption capabilities, thereby enhancing light absorption and promoting water evaporation.

[0038] Furthermore, the height of the multi-layered petal bodies 220 is the same, and the height of the multi-layered petal bodies 220 is higher than the height of the stamen 210, so that the multi-layered petal bodies 220 will not block each other, ensuring the light-receiving area, which is conducive to the full conversion of interfacial photothermal energy and reducing heat loss.

[0039] In the biomimetic interface evaporation device provided in this embodiment of the invention, the petal body 220 of the biomimetic flower bud unit 200 is provided with three layers. Each layer of the petal body 220 is provided with three petals that are evenly distributed around the stamen 210. The petal body 220 is obtained by rotating and stretching one or more continuous arc curves around the stamen 210. The thickness of the petal body 220 is 0.2-1.0 mm.

[0040] Referring to Figures 3 and 5, the first layer of petals 221 extending outward from the stamen 210 is further obtained by rotating and stretching a segment of arc curve. The radius of curvature of the arc curve is 2-5 times the height of the conical stamen 210. The distance between the lower end of the first layer of petals 221 and the central axis of the stamen 210 is equal to the diameter of the bottom surface of the conical stamen 210, meaning the bottom of the first layer of petals 221 is connected to the stamen 210. The height of the first layer of petals 221 is 1-2 times the height of the stamen 210, and the rotation and stretching angle is 45°-100°. Through the above parameter design, the first layer of petals 221 forms a three-dimensional unfolded low-lying curved surface interface around the stamen 210, enhancing the light absorption and evaporation area near the substrate.

[0041] Referring to Figures 3 and 6, the structure of the second petal 222 is similar to that of the first petal 221. The second petal 222 is obtained by rotating and stretching three continuous arc curves, which is used to further expand the evaporation interface outward and increase the effective evaporation area and light absorption area.

[0042] Among them, the radius of curvature of the three arc curves used is 2-10 times the height of the conical stamen 210. The distance between the lower end of the first petal 221 and the central axis of the stamen 210 is 2-3 times the diameter of the bottom surface of the conical stamen 210. The height of the second petal 222 is equal to the height of the first petal 221. In the three consecutive arc curves, the height of the middle arc curve is 2-3 times the height of the end arc curve, thereby raising the end to form a curved surface. By translating and raising the second petal 222 outward in the radial direction, a multi-level stepped interface is constructed, which is conducive to achieving light capture and water evaporation in a larger space.

[0043] Referring to Figures 3 and 7, the structure of the third petal 223 is similar to that of the first petal 221, and it is used to form the outermost evaporation interface. The third petal 223 is obtained by rotating and stretching two continuous arc curves. The radius of curvature of the two arc curves is 4-8 times the height of the conical stamen 210. The distance between the lower end of the third petal 223 and the central axis of the stamen 210 is 3-5 times the diameter of the bottom surface of the conical stamen 210. The height of the third petal 223 is equal to the height of the first petal 221, and the heights of the two arc curves are equal.

[0044] In other embodiments, the number, number of layers, and shape of the petal bodies 220 may be in other forms, including but not limited to: increasing the number of petal bodies 220 in each layer to 4, and the petal bodies 220 having a fan-shaped straight surface structure, etc.

[0045] Combining the above three-layer curved petal bodies 220, the petal bodies 220 in each layer are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction around the central axis of the stamen 210, and the petal bodies 220 in different layers are interlaced in the radial direction to form a multi-scale three-dimensional evaporation interface. Within the limited base projection area, the effective evaporation area and light absorption area are significantly amplified. Through the above structural design, the base 100 and the biomimetic flower bud array together constitute a flexible interface evaporation device with high specific surface area, controllable channels, and enhanced light capture.

[0046] Referring to Figure 8, the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a biomimetic interface evaporation device, applicable to the above-mentioned biomimetic interface evaporation device. The specific steps include: Step S100: establishing a three-dimensional structural model of the biomimetic interface evaporation device using digital modeling; Step S200: preparing a magnetic photocurable resin material; Step S300: using the magnetic photocurable resin material for 3D printing to obtain a green model of the biomimetic interface evaporation device; Step S400: cleaning the green model with anhydrous ethanol and performing ultraviolet light post-curing treatment to obtain the interface evaporation device.

[0047] In step S100, using digital modeling software such as SolidWorks, a three-dimensional structural model of the bionic interface evaporation device is established based on the base 100, the bionic flower bud unit 200, and their array arrangement parameters. This model includes detailed features such as the base 100, the bionic flower bud unit 200, the stamen 210, and the multi-layered curved surfaces of the petals 220. This model serves as a reference for 3D printing. If the structure and size need to be changed, only adaptive modifications need to be made in the modeling software. Compared with the traditional multi-step process of cutting, molding, coating, and assembly, bionic interface evaporation devices with different structures and sizes can be flexibly manufactured without changing the mold, effectively reducing production costs and facilitating large-scale production and customized design.

[0048] In step S200, the magnetic photocurable resin material is prepared by mixing water-based magnetic fluid material and flexible photocurable resin material at a weight ratio of 1:10-1:20, followed by heating, stirring, emulsification, and vacuum degassing treatment to obtain a uniform and stable magnetic photocurable material.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic fluid can be MFW type magnetic fluid (main component is Fe3O4), carbonyl iron powder, composite soft magnetic particles, etc., and the flexible resin can be commercial F69 photosensitive resin (monomer is acrylic resin), polyurethane, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, etc. The mass fraction of the magnetic fluid can be different ratios such as 2.5%, 5% or 7.5%. For example, under water bath conditions of about 38°C, the material is processed by electric stirring and shear emulsification stirring in sequence, and then vacuum degassing is performed at 38°C to obtain a magnetic photocurable material with stable rheological properties and uniform dispersion.

[0050] By combining low-cost water-based Fe3O4 and other magnetic fluids with commercially available acrylic flexible photocurable resins, a magnetic photocurable material with high light absorption, magnetic responsiveness, and flexibility is prepared. This avoids the use of traditional precious metals or high-cost carbon-based photothermal materials, significantly reducing material costs while ensuring photothermal performance. It is suitable for large-area application and can achieve uniform loading and stable operation in large-area devices. At the same time, it has mechanical flexibility and can maintain chemical stability in complex aquatic environments.

[0051] In step S300, magnetic photocurable resin material is injected into the feed tank of the photocurable 3D printer, the three-dimensional model file pre-processed in the slicing software is imported, and the corresponding printing layer thickness, exposure time, lifting speed and other parameters are set to print the green model of the interface evaporation device.

[0052] It should be noted that because the base 100 has a large flat surface, it is prone to "suction cup effect", which makes it difficult to remove the green model and thus affects the printing effect. Therefore, an inclined printing strategy is required for additive manufacturing. During the inclined printing process, the model is tilted at an angle of 15°-35° relative to the building platform to reduce the risk of "suction cup effect" caused by the large flat surface and improve the forming quality of complex curved surface features.

[0053] During the printing process, it is preferable to use thick supports, multi-point supports, and necessary vertical supports to enhance the stability of the central structure, so as to ensure the printing effect and reduce the printing failure rate.

[0054] For magnetopolymer materials with different magnetofluid contents, stable printing can be achieved by appropriately adjusting the layer thickness and exposure time. For example, at 2.5% and 5% content, a layer thickness of about 0.09 mm and a layer exposure time of 8.5 s can be used, while at 7.5% magnetofluid content, a layer thickness of about 0.08 mm and a correspondingly extended exposure time can be used to compensate for differences in optical absorption and ensure full curing.

[0055] In step S400, after the printed green model is removed, it is cleaned with anhydrous ethanol to remove uncured resin from the surface and small pores. After drying, it is subjected to ultraviolet post-curing treatment under an LED-UV curing light source. The curing time of the ultraviolet post-curing treatment is 2-10 s to further improve the curing degree and mechanical integrity of the device surface and detailed structure, thereby obtaining the final magnetohydrodynamic solar-driven interface evaporation device.

[0056] Using the above method and photopolymerization 3D printing technology, a complex biomimetic flower bud array structure and a base 100 are integrated and rapidly formed, achieving high-precision and repeatable manufacturing of multi-scale three-dimensional complex structures. Compared with traditional multi-step processes, this invention greatly simplifies the preparation process, improves the freedom of structural design and dimensional scalability, and is conducive to large-scale production and customized design, taking into account complex curved surface morphology, high integration and dimensional scalability.

[0057] The following is a specific embodiment of a biomimetic interface evaporation device: Embodiment 1. Referring to Figures 3 to 7, in this embodiment, the design parameters for the biomimetic bud unit 200 are as follows: the thickness of the base 100 is 1.8 mm and the diameter is 56 mm. A central biomimetic bud unit 200 is provided at the center of the base 100, and two layers of biomimetic bud units 200 are provided around the center. From the inside out, the first layer has 6 biomimetic bud units 200, and the central angle between two adjacent biomimetic bud units 200 and the center of the base 100 is 60°. The second layer has 12 biomimetic bud units 200, and the central angle between two adjacent biomimetic bud units 200 and the center of the base 100 is 30°, forming a higher density circular array, which further improves the effective evaporation interface utilization rate of the overall device under a limited base area.

[0058] Each biomimetic flower bud unit 200 consists of a conical stamen 210 and a three-layer curved petal body 220, forming a typical three-dimensional multi-petal body 220 biomimetic structure. Between every two adjacent flower bud units, there are three through holes 110 with a diameter of 0.3 mm. The through holes 110 are arranged evenly in a circumferential direction, serving as capillary water transport channels and providing buffer space for salt precipitation, thereby improving the ability to resist salt accumulation.

[0059] The stamen 210 has a conical structure with a base diameter of 1.5 mm and a height of 6.5 mm. The connection between the stamen 210 and the petal body 220 is appropriately rounded to reduce stress concentration and improve printing quality. The thickness of the petal body 220 in each layer is 0.35 mm. The two upper corners of the petal body 220 are rounded with a radius of 1.6 mm to balance structural rigidity and light transmission / scattering control capability. Three petal bodies 220 are evenly arranged along the circumference in each layer, and the three sets of petal bodies 220 form a complete surrounding structure.

[0060] The first layer of petals 221 is formed by rotating an arc curve with a radius of curvature of 13 mm and a height of 7 mm around the center line by 80°. The first layer of petals 221 unfolds close to the stamen 210, creating a low-level vertical evaporation interface in the near region of the stamen 210, thereby enhancing the near-interface light absorption and water evaporation area. The second layer of petals 222 is formed by a line with a height of 7 mm. The third layer of petals 223 is formed by rotating a spatial curve consisting of three continuous arc curves around the central axis of the stamen 210 by 90°, forming a curved petal that is slightly wider and slightly raised than the first layer, thereby further expanding the evaporation interface based on the first layer; the third layer of petals 223 is formed by rotating a curve consisting of two continuous arc curves with a height of 7 mm and extending outward by 3 mm around the central axis of the stamen 210 by 100°. The third layer of petals 223 extends further outward in the radial direction and also increases further in the circumferential rotation angle, so that it constitutes the outermost high-level evaporation interface and light-capturing shell of the entire bud unit. The three layers of petal bodies 220 are arranged in a staggered and overlapping manner in the radial direction, forming a multi-level stepped structure.

[0061] In the biomimetic interface evaporation device manufacturing method of this embodiment, in step S200, the magnetic photocurable resin material is prepared by using MFW type water-based magnetic fluid (mainly Fe3O4 nanoparticles) with a mass fraction of 2.5% as the magnetic component, and F69 commercial acrylic photosensitive resin as the flexible photocurable resin. The mixture is placed in a 38°C water bath and stirred at 220 r·min using a digital display electric stirrer with a PTFE stirring rod. - ¹ Stirring at a speed of 1 krpm for 1 hour to achieve initial macroscopic uniform mixing; then, switching to a digital display shear emulsifying stirrer at 1 krpm. - ¹ Continue stirring at a certain speed for 45 minutes to achieve fine dispersion and stable emulsification of the magnetic fluid in the resin; after stirring, the mixture is vacuum degassed at 38°C for 45 minutes to remove air bubbles mixed into the system and obtain a mixture with stable rheological properties; after standing for about 3 minutes, after the microbubbles inside the system further rise and break down, a uniform and stable magnetic photocurable material is obtained, which can be used as a subsequent 3D printing ink.

[0062] The above process ensures that Fe3O4 magnetic particles have good dispersibility in photosensitive resin, which can guarantee the photocuring depth and molding accuracy, as well as provide high light absorption capacity and magnetic response characteristics.

[0063] Analysis of the obtained magnetic photocurable resin material, as shown in Figures 9, 10, and 11, revealed that when the mass fraction of the water-based magnetic fluid was 2.5%, the absorbance remained stable at 71%, the maximum strain was 66.7%, the tensile strength was 1.42 MPa, and the evaporation rate was 6.12 kg / cm². m -2 h -1The photothermal conversion efficiency was 92.5% when the mass fraction of the water-based magnetic fluid was 5%. At this point, the absorbance of 5.0% Fe3O4@F69 was stable at 82%; the maximum strain was 54.6%, the tensile strength was 2.5 MPa, and the evaporation rate was 6.37 kg / m³. m -2 h -1 The photothermal conversion efficiency was 96.4% when the mass fraction of the water-based magnetic fluid was 7.5%. At this point, the absorbance of 7.5% Fe3O4@F69 was stable at 98%; the maximum strain was 45%, the tensile strength was 3.9 MPa, and the evaporation rate was 6.73 kg / m³. m -2 h -1 The photothermal conversion efficiency is 99%.

[0064] In step S300, the three-dimensional mechanism model is imported into the slicing software for support design and printing parameter setting: thick supports, a large number of supports and necessary vertical supports are adopted to ensure that the middle part of the flower bud array and the outermost petal body 220 have sufficient support strength during the printing process; and the support is raised in the Z direction by about 5mm to avoid local stress concentration between the support and the platform, which may cause warping.

[0065] The magnetic photocurable material prepared in step S200 is placed in a water bath at 38°C and preheated and gently stirred with a glass rod for about 10 minutes to ensure stable viscosity and temperature. The preheated magnetic photocurable material is poured into the resin tank of the photocurable 3D printer. The printing platform is leveled, and the working status of the LED-UV curing light source and optical screen is checked. Printing is carried out in an environment with a temperature of about 23°C and good ventilation. It is necessary to place the model on the platform at a 15° tilt angle and avoid large-area parallel arrangement close to the center of the platform. The layer thickness, exposure, and motion parameters are set according to the process parameters of 2.5% magnetic resin. The green model of the target biomimetic device is printed. Through the above tilt printing and multiple support strategies, the warping, breakage, and printing failure of the complex multi-layer petal body 220 curved surface can be effectively suppressed, ensuring that the biomimetic structure has a clear outline and complete details.

[0066] In step S400, the printed green model is removed from the platform, and the device is thoroughly cleaned with anhydrous ethanol, especially the gaps between the petal bodies 220, the through holes 110, and the local recessed areas, to remove uncured residual resin. The cleaned device is then air-dried or gently blow-dried at low temperature to allow the ethanol on its surface to evaporate completely. The dried device is then placed under an LED-UV curing light source for post-curing treatment, with the irradiation time controlled within the range of 2-5 seconds, to further cure the surface layer and the thin-walled petal body 220 structure, improving its mechanical integrity and surface durability. After curing, the final magnetohydrodynamic biomimetic interface evaporation device of this embodiment is obtained.

[0067] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0068] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0069] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomimetic interface evaporation device, characterized in that, include: The base and multiple biomimetic flower bud units fixed above the base. Each biomimetic flower bud unit includes a stamen and multiple petals arranged in layers around the stamen. The multiple petals in the same layer are evenly distributed in a circle along the axis of the stamen. The petals in adjacent layers are staggered in the radial direction. The petals are inclined from one end connected to the stamen to the other end away from the stamen. The multiple biomimetic flower bud units are arranged in a multi-layer circular array around the center of the base. The multiple biomimetic flower bud units in the same layer are evenly distributed in a circle. The biomimetic flower bud units in adjacent layers are staggered in the radial direction. Multiple through holes penetrating the base are provided between the multiple biomimetic flower bud units. The multiple through holes are evenly spaced.

2. The biomimetic interface evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base has a thickness of 1-10 mm and a diameter of 15-105 mm.

3. The biomimetic interface evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between the bionic flower bud units is 1.5-5 times the outer diameter of a single bionic flower bud unit, and the number of bionic flower bud units in the Nth layer from the center of the base outward is 6N (where N=1, 2, ...).

4. The method for manufacturing a biomimetic interface evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stamens are conical in shape, with a base diameter to height ratio of 1:5 to 1:15 and a base diameter of 1-4 mm.

5. The biomimetic interface evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The petal body has a curved surface structure, and its shape is obtained by rotating and stretching one or more continuous arc curves around the stamen.

6. The biomimetic interface evaporation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of each of the multiple petal bodies is the same, and the height of each of the multiple petal bodies is higher than the height of the stamen.

7. A method for manufacturing a biomimetic interface evaporation device, characterized in that, The method for manufacturing the biomimetic interface evaporation device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 includes: establishing a three-dimensional structural model of the biomimetic interface evaporation device using digital modeling; preparing a magnetic photocurable resin material; using the magnetic photocurable resin material for 3D printing to obtain a green model of the biomimetic interface evaporation device; cleaning the green model with anhydrous ethanol and performing ultraviolet light post-curing treatment to obtain the interface evaporation device.

8. The method for manufacturing a biomimetic interface evaporation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The magnetic photocurable resin material is prepared by mixing water-based magnetic fluid material and flexible photocurable resin material at a weight ratio of 1:10-1:20 and then subjecting the mixture to heating, stirring, emulsification, and vacuum degassing.

9. The method for manufacturing a biomimetic interface evaporation device according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the process of using the magnetic photocurable resin material to 3D print the green model of the biomimetic interface evaporation device, the 3D printing is carried out at an angle of 15°-35°.

10. The method for manufacturing a biomimetic interface evaporation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The curing time for the UV post-curing treatment is 2-10 seconds.

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