High-speed gearbox structure of boring machining center

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gear boxes, and discloses a boring machining center high-speed gear box structure which comprises a gear box body, the inner wall of the gear box body is rotationally connected with a main shaft, the right side of the outer wall of the gear box body is fixedly connected with a servo motor, and the inner wall of the gear box body is rotationally connected with an input gear shaft. A boring cutter is installed in the main shaft, then the servo motor is started to drive the input gear shaft to rotate, the main shaft is driven to rotate through the transmission assembly and the gear shifting assembly, when a workpiece needs to be bored, the gear shifting assembly can be pushed to move through the shifting assembly, different gear meshing combinations are switched, multi-stage transmission ratio adjustment is achieved, and the rotating speed range of the main shaft is widened. According to the multi-process combined machining device, the multi-process machining such as rough boring, fine boring, milling, drilling and tapping is covered, one-time clamping of a workpiece is achieved, multi-process combined machining is completed, the problems of low production efficiency, large clamping accumulative error and high rejection rate caused by multi-device transfer are solved, and the machining efficiency and the yield are improved.

Description

A high-speed gearbox structure for boring machining centers Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gearbox equipment technology, specifically to a high-speed gearbox structure for a boring machining center. Background Technology

[0002] The high-speed gearbox (also known as the spindle speed change gearbox) of a boring machining center is the core transmission component of a horizontal / vertical boring machining center. Its core function is to adjust the speed and amplify the torque of the drive motor according to the machining process requirements, while providing high-precision and high-rigidity rotary support for the transmission shaft system. It directly determines the machine tool's ultimate cutting capability, machining accuracy retention, vibration and noise level, and overall life-cycle reliability.

[0003] Among them, most common gearboxes adopt a transmission scheme with few speed changes, which can only adapt to the speed requirements of a few boring processes. They are difficult to meet the low speed and high torque of rough boring or the high speed and low torque of fine boring at the same time. This may cause the workpiece to need to be transferred between multiple machines, which will significantly reduce the processing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a high-speed gearbox structure for a boring machining center, including a gearbox body, a spindle rotatably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox body, a servo motor fixedly connected to the right side of the outer wall of the gearbox body, and an input gear shaft rotatably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox body. The gearbox body is a high-strength, one-piece molded housing. The left side of the output end of the servo motor is fixedly connected to the right side of the input gear shaft. A first speed-changing gear and a second speed-changing gear are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the spindle. The machine also includes: a main body mechanism fixedly disposed on the right side of the outer wall of the gearbox body; a speed-changing mechanism rotatably disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox body; and a pushing mechanism installed on the inner wall of the gearbox body. In use, when boring a workpiece, the boring tool is installed inside the spindle, and then the servo motor is started to drive the input gear shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the speed-changing mechanism to rotate, thereby driving the spindle to rotate.

[0005] Preferably, the main structure includes: a drive assembly, which is fixedly disposed on the right side of the outer wall of the gearbox; and a toggle assembly, which is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox.

[0006] Preferably, the speed change mechanism includes: a transmission assembly rotatably disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox; and a shift assembly rotatably disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox. When the input gear shaft rotates, it drives the transmission assembly to rotate, thereby driving the shift assembly to rotate. The shift assembly drives the transmission gear to rotate, thereby causing the main shaft to rotate. When the input gear shaft stops rotating, the drive assembly pushes the shifting assembly to move, thereby switching the speed of the main shaft.

[0007] Preferably, the pushing mechanism includes: a locking component, which is slidably disposed on the outer wall of the actuating component; and a lifting component, which is fixedly disposed on the top and bottom of the inner wall of the gearbox.

[0008] Preferably, the drive assembly includes a cylinder 1 fixedly connected to the right side of the outer wall of the gearbox, and a cylinder 2 fixedly connected to the right side of the outer wall of the gearbox; the actuation assembly includes a sliding rod 1 slidably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox, the right side of the sliding rod 1 being fixedly connected to the left side of the output end of the cylinder 1, and a sliding rod 2 slidably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox; the right side of the sliding rod 2 being fixedly connected to the left side of the output end of the cylinder 2, and a deflector plate 1 being provided on the inner wall of the gearbox, the inner wall of the deflector plate 1 near the gear 2 being fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding rod 1.

[0009] Preferably, the actuating assembly further includes a second actuating baffle plate disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox body. The inner wall of the first actuating baffle plate away from the second transmission gear is slidably connected to the outer wall of the second sliding rod. The inner wall of the second actuating baffle plate near the main shaft is slidably connected to the outer wall of the first sliding rod, and the inner wall of the second actuating baffle plate away from the main shaft is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second sliding rod.

[0010] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes an output gear shaft rotatably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox, the outer wall of the output gear shaft meshing with the outer wall of the input gear shaft; a first shift gear is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the output gear shaft on the side away from the servo motor, and a second shift gear is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the output gear shaft on the side near the servo motor; the shifting assembly includes a splined shaft rotatably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox, a first sliding gear is slidably connected to the outer wall of the splined shaft on the side near the servo motor; a first shift gear is fixedly connected to the side of the first sliding gear away from the servo motor. The outer wall of the key shaft is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second conversion gear; the outer wall of the first sliding gear is meshed with the outer wall of the second conversion gear, and the outer wall of the first shift gear is meshed with the outer wall of the first conversion gear; wherein, through its meshing transmission with the output gear shaft, the output gear shaft, the first conversion gear, and the second conversion gear are driven to rotate synchronously, the second conversion gear meshes with the first sliding gear, thereby driving the first sliding gear and the first shift gear to rotate synchronously, the first sliding gear is limited circumferentially to the spline shaft through the keyway on the outer wall of the spline shaft, and the first sliding gear will drive the spline shaft to rotate.

[0011] Preferably, the shifting assembly further includes a second sliding gear disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox body, with the outer wall of the spline shaft away from the servo motor slidably connected to the inner wall of the second sliding gear; a second shifting gear is fixedly connected to the side of the second sliding gear near the first shifting gear, with the outer wall of the spline shaft slidably connected to the inner wall of the second shifting gear; an outer annular groove is formed on the outer wall of the first sliding gear, and the outer wall of the first outer annular groove is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second shifting plate; an outer annular groove is formed on the outer wall of the second sliding gear, and the outer wall of the second outer annular groove is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first shifting plate; the outer wall of the second sliding gear meshes with the outer wall of the second shifting gear, and the outer wall of the second shifting gear... The spline shaft meshes with the outer wall of the first gear. When the spline shaft rotates, it synchronously drives the second sliding gear and the second shift gear to rotate via the keyway on its outer wall. The second shift gear meshes with the first gear, thereby driving the first gear and the main shaft to rotate synchronously, which in turn drives the boring tool to rotate and perform boring on the workpiece. When rough boring is required, the servo motor is stopped first to stop the main shaft from rotating. Then, the first starter cylinder retracts, causing the first sliding rod to move towards the servo motor, which in turn moves the first shifter plate. The first shifter plate pushes the second sliding gear and the second shift gear to move synchronously, causing the second sliding gear and the second shift gear to mesh. Separate the gears, allowing shift gear two to mesh with transmission gear one. At this point, the meshing method between the multi-stage gears is as follows: the input gear shaft meshes with the output gear shaft, shift gear two meshes with sliding gear one, and shift gear two meshes with transmission gear one. In all three meshing pairs, the small gear drives the large gear to rotate, which reduces the spindle speed and simultaneously increases the output torque to meet the heavy cutting requirements of rough boring. When fine boring of the workpiece is required, cylinder two is activated again to extend, pushing the shift baffle one and sliding gear two to move in the opposite direction, disengaging shift gear two from transmission gear one and engaging sliding gear two with transmission gear two. Then, cylinder two is activated again to extend and push the sliding gear two to engage. The lever 2 and the shift plate 2 move away from the servo motor. The shift plate 2 pushes the sliding gear 1 to move, causing the sliding gear 1 to separate from the conversion gear 2, and allowing the conversion gear 1 to mesh with the shift gear 1. At this time, the meshing method between the multi-stage gears is as follows: the input gear shaft meshes with the conversion gear 1, and the conversion gear 1 meshes with the shift gear 1, so that the large gear drives the small gear to rotate, achieving the first-stage speed increase. The sliding gear 2 meshes with the transmission gear 2, so that the large gear drives the small gear to rotate, achieving the second-stage speed increase. Through the two-stage speed increase, the output speed of the spindle is greatly improved, and the output torque is reduced simultaneously, meeting the high-speed and low-vibration cutting requirements of precision boring.

[0012] Preferably, the engaging assembly includes four engaging plates disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox. The inner walls of the two engaging plates on the right side are slidably connected to the outer wall of the second deflector plate; the inner walls of the two engaging plates on the left side are slidably connected to the outer wall of the first deflector plate; and spring rods are fixedly connected to the side of each of the four engaging plates away from the spline shaft. The outer walls of the two engaging plates on the right side are slidably connected to the inner wall of the first outer annular groove, and the outer walls of the two engaging plates on the left side are slidably connected to the inner wall of the second outer annular groove. The two spring rods at the top are in a compressed state. When the first deflector plate and the second deflector plate move, they will push the engaging plates to move. Taking the movement of the first deflector plate towards the servo motor as an example, it will push the engaging plates to move, and the top engaging plate will push the sliding gear two to move.

[0013] Preferably, the lifting assembly includes two inclined frames fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the gearbox inner wall; the inner walls of all four inclined frames are slidably connected to the outer walls of four spring rods, and rollers are rotatably connected to the side of each spring rod away from the spline shaft; wherein, the inclination direction of the two inclined frames at the top is opposite to that of the two inclined frames at the bottom, and the inclination direction of the two inclined frames on the left is opposite to that of the two inclined frames on the right. The movement of the locking plate will drive the spring rods and rollers to move synchronously. When the rollers move to the inclined position of the inclined frames, the bottom rollers will be squeezed, pushing the bottom spring rods and locking plates to rise, causing the spring rods to accumulate rebound force, and the top rollers... The wheel will separate from the inclined frame. At this time, since the top spring rod is in a pre-compressed state, its rebound force will be released, pushing the top roller to contact the inclined surface of the inclined frame, and driving the top locking plate to rise. As the first shift baffle continues to move, the bottom locking plate will move into the outer annular groove of the second sliding gear, and the top locking plate will rise and separate from the second sliding gear. This achieves switching of the locking plate in contact with the second sliding gear each time the gear is changed, reducing the contact time between the locking plate and the second sliding gear, thereby reducing the wear of the locking plate and effectively preventing the locking plate from continuously contacting the rotating second sliding gear, which can easily lead to rapid wear of the locking plate. This extends the service life of the first shift baffle and the second shift baffle and reduces the frequency of equipment maintenance.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: When using the present invention to bore a workpiece, the boring tool is installed in the spindle, and then the servo motor is started to drive the input gear shaft to rotate. The spindle is driven to rotate through the transmission component and the shifting component. When it is necessary to bore the workpiece, the shifting component can be moved by the toggle component to switch different gear meshing combinations, realize multi-level transmission ratio adjustment, widen the spindle speed range, and make it cover multiple processes such as rough boring, fine boring, milling, drilling and tapping. It realizes that the workpiece can be clamped once and the multi-process composite processing can be completed. It effectively prevents the workpiece from needing to be transferred between multiple machines and clamped and aligned multiple times. It solves the problems of low production efficiency, large cumulative clamping error and high scrap rate caused by multiple machine transfers, and improves processing efficiency and yield. In addition, through the multi-stage series gear structure, it effectively prevents the problems of excessive gear diameter difference and concentrated force on the tooth surface caused by single-stage large transmission ratio, significantly reduces the contact stress and bending stress of the gear, improves the stability of gear operation, and thus improves the stability of spindle rotation.

[0015] (2) In this invention, when the first and second baffle plates move, they will push the locking plate to move. Taking the first baffle plate moving towards the servo motor as an example, it will push the locking plate to move. The locking plate at the top will push the sliding gear 2 to move. The locking assembly and the lifting assembly will switch the locking plate that contacts the sliding gear 2 each time the gear is changed, reducing the contact time between the locking plate and the sliding gear 2, thereby reducing the wear of the locking plate and effectively preventing the locking plate from continuously contacting the rotating sliding gear 2, which would easily lead to rapid wear of the locking plate. This will extend the service life of the first and second baffle plates and reduce the frequency of equipment maintenance.

[0016] (3) In the present invention, when processing workpieces that require frequent speed changes, the top and bottom locking plates are automatically switched each time the gear is changed, so that the contact position between the locking plates and the sliding gear 2 and the sliding gear 1 is frequently switched, giving each locking plate sufficient cooling time, reducing heat concentration, and effectively preventing the locking plates from continuously contacting the sliding gear 2, which would generate a lot of heat due to high-frequency friction, causing local overheating and metal expansion, resulting in it being too tightly attached to the sliding gear 1 or the sliding gear 2, affecting the high-speed rotation of the gear, and ensuring that the gear changing action can still be accurate and smooth under high-frequency gear changing conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 is a bottom cross-sectional view of the gearbox of the present invention; Figure 4 is a bottom view of the main shaft of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the output gear shaft structure of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the spline shaft structure of the present invention; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the shift baffle of the present invention; Figure 8 is a rear view of the gearbox of the present invention; Figure 9 is a rear cross-sectional view of the inclined frame of the present invention; Figure 10 is an enlarged schematic diagram of point A in Figure 9 of the present invention; Figure 11 is a rear view of the structure of the shift baffle of the present invention.

[0019] The components represented by each number in the attached diagram are listed below: 1. Main body mechanism; 11. Drive assembly; 12. Actuating assembly; 13. Gearbox; 14. Main shaft; 15. Servo motor; 16. Input gear shaft; 17. Gearbox gear one; 18. Gearbox gear two; 111. Cylinder one; 112. Cylinder two; 121. Sliding rod one; 122. Baffle plate one; 123. Sliding rod two; 124. Baffle plate two; 2. Gearbox 21. Transmission assembly; 22. Shifting assembly; 211. Output gear shaft; 212. Shifting gear one; 213. Shifting gear two; 221. Splined shaft; 222. Sliding gear one; 223. Shifting gear one; 224. Sliding gear two; 225. Shifting gear two; 3. Pushing mechanism; 31. Engaging assembly; 32. Lifting assembly; 311. Engaging plate; 312. Spring rod; 321. Inclined frame; 322. Roller. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] As shown in Figures 1-11, this invention relates to a high-speed gearbox structure for a boring machining center, comprising a gearbox body 13, a spindle 14 rotatably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox body 13, a servo motor 15 fixedly connected to the right side of the outer wall of the gearbox body 13, and an input gear shaft 16 rotatably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox body 13. The gearbox body 13 is a high-strength, one-piece molded housing. The left side of the output end of the servo motor 15 is fixedly connected to the right side of the input gear shaft 16. A speed-changing gear 17 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the spindle 14. The gearbox 13 is fixedly connected to the outer wall with a second speed-changing gear 18, and also includes: a main body mechanism 1, which is fixedly installed on the right side of the outer wall of the gearbox 13; a speed-changing mechanism 2, which is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the gearbox 13; and a pushing mechanism 3, which is installed on the inner wall of the gearbox 13. In use, when boring a workpiece, the boring tool is installed in the spindle 14, and then the servo motor 15 is started to drive the input gear shaft 16 to rotate, which in turn drives the speed-changing mechanism 2 to rotate, thereby driving the spindle 14 to rotate.

[0022] The main body 1 includes: a drive assembly 11, which is fixedly disposed on the right side of the outer wall of the gearbox 13; and a toggle assembly 12, which is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox 13.

[0023] The transmission mechanism 2 includes: a transmission assembly 21, which is rotatably disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox 13; and a shift assembly 22, which is rotatably disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox 13. When the input gear shaft 16 rotates, it drives the transmission assembly 21 to rotate, which in turn drives the shift assembly 22 to rotate. The shift assembly 22 drives the first gear 17 to rotate, which in turn drives the main shaft 14 to rotate. When the input gear shaft 16 stops rotating, the drive assembly 11 pushes the shifting assembly 12 to move, which changes the speed of the main shaft 14.

[0024] The pushing mechanism 3 includes: a locking component 31, which is slidably disposed on the outer wall of the actuating component 12; and a lifting component 32, which is fixedly disposed on the top and bottom of the inner wall of the gearbox 13.

[0025] The drive assembly 11 includes a cylinder 111 fixedly connected to the right side of the outer wall of the gearbox 13, and a cylinder 112 fixedly connected to the right side of the outer wall of the gearbox 13; the actuation assembly 12 includes a sliding rod 121 slidably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox 13, the right side of the sliding rod 121 being fixedly connected to the left side of the output end of the cylinder 111, and a sliding rod 123 slidably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox 13; the right side of the sliding rod 123 being fixedly connected to the left side of the output end of the cylinder 112, and a deflector plate 122 being provided on the inner wall of the gearbox 13, the inner wall of the deflector plate 122 near the gear 18 being fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding rod 121.

[0026] The actuation assembly 12 also includes a second actuation plate 124 disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox 13. The inner wall of the first actuation plate 122 away from the second transmission gear 18 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the second sliding rod 123. The inner wall of the second actuation plate 124 near the main shaft 14 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the first sliding rod 121. The inner wall of the second actuation plate 124 away from the main shaft 14 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second sliding rod 123.

[0027] The transmission assembly 21 includes an output gear shaft 211 rotatably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox 13, with the outer wall of the output gear shaft 211 meshing with the outer wall of the input gear shaft 16; a first shift gear 212 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the output gear shaft 211 on the side away from the servo motor 15, and a second shift gear 213 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the output gear shaft 211 on the side near the servo motor 15; the shifting assembly 22 includes a splined shaft 221 rotatably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox 13, with a first sliding gear 222 slidably connected to the outer wall of the splined shaft 221 on the side near the servo motor 15; a first shift gear 223 is fixedly connected to the side of the first sliding gear 222 away from the servo motor 15, and the splined shaft 221... The outer wall of the gear is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second gear 213; the outer wall of the first sliding gear 222 is meshed with the outer wall of the second gear 213, and the outer wall of the first shift gear 223 is meshed with the outer wall of the first gear 212; wherein, through its meshing transmission with the output gear shaft 211, the output gear shaft 211, the first gear 212 and the second gear 213 are driven to rotate synchronously, the second gear 213 meshes with the first sliding gear 222, thereby driving the first sliding gear 222 and the first shift gear 223 to rotate synchronously, the first sliding gear 222 is circumferentially limited to the spline shaft 221 through the keyway on the outer wall of the spline shaft 221, and the first sliding gear 222 will drive the spline shaft 221 to rotate.

[0028] The shift assembly 22 also includes a second sliding gear 224 disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox 13. The outer wall of the spline shaft 221 away from the servo motor 15 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second sliding gear 224. A second shift gear 225 is fixedly connected to the side of the second sliding gear 224 near the first shift gear 223. The outer wall of the spline shaft 221 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the second shift gear 225. An outer annular groove 1 is formed on the outer wall of the first sliding gear 222, and the outer wall of the first outer annular groove 1 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second shift plate 124. An outer annular groove 2 is formed on the outer wall of the second sliding gear 224, and the outer wall of the second outer annular groove 2 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first shift plate 122. The outer wall of the sliding gear 224 meshes with the outer wall of the shift gear 225, and the outer wall of the shift gear 225 meshes with the outer wall of the shift gear 17. When the spline shaft 221 rotates, it synchronously drives the sliding gear 224 and the shift gear 225 to rotate via its keyway. The shift gear 225 meshes with the shift gear 17, thereby driving the shift gear 17 and the main shaft 14 to rotate synchronously, which in turn drives the boring tool to rotate, performing boring operations on the workpiece. When rough boring is required, the servo motor 15 is first stopped, causing the main shaft 14 to stop rotating. Then, the cylinder 111 retracts, driving the sliding gear 224 to rotate. The lever 121 moves towards the servo motor 15, causing the shift plate 122 to move. The shift plate 122 pushes the sliding gear 224 and the shift gear 225 to move synchronously, causing the sliding gear 224 to disengage from the transmission gear 18 and the shift gear 225 to mesh with the transmission gear 17. At this time, the meshing mode between the multi-stage gears is as follows: the input gear shaft 16 meshes with the output gear shaft 211, the shift gear 213 meshes with the sliding gear 222, and the shift gear 225 meshes with the transmission gear 17. All three meshing pairs are small gears driving large gears to rotate, as shown in Figure 5. This will reduce the speed of the main shaft 14 and synchronously increase the speed. The output torque meets the heavy cutting requirements of rough boring. When fine boring is required, the cylinder 112 is activated again to extend and push the baffle 122 and the sliding gear 224 to move in the opposite direction, so that the shift gear 225 is separated from the gear 17 and the sliding gear 224 is engaged with the gear 18. Then, the cylinder 112 is activated to extend and push the sliding rod 123 and the baffle 124 to move away from the servo motor 15. The baffle 124 will push the sliding gear 222 to move, so that the sliding gear 222 is separated from the gear 213 and the gear 212 is engaged with the shift gear 223.At this point, the meshing method between the multi-stage gears is as follows: the input gear shaft 16 meshes with the first shift gear 212, which in turn meshes with the first shift gear 223, causing the large gear to drive the small gear, achieving the first-stage speed increase; the second sliding gear 224 meshes with the second transmission gear 18, causing the large gear to drive the small gear, achieving the second-stage speed increase, as shown in Figures 6 and 7. This two-stage speed increase significantly improves the output speed of the spindle 14 while simultaneously reducing the output torque, meeting the high-speed, low-vibration cutting requirements of precision boring.

[0029] The engaging assembly 31 includes four engaging plates 311 disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox body 13. The inner walls of the two engaging plates 311 on the right side are slidably connected to the outer wall of the second deflector plate 124; the inner walls of the two engaging plates 311 on the left side are slidably connected to the outer wall of the first deflector plate 122; a spring rod 312 is fixedly connected to the side of each of the four engaging plates 311 away from the spline shaft 221; the outer walls of the two engaging plates 311 on the right side are slidably connected to the inner wall of the first outer annular groove. The outer walls of the two locking plates 311 on the left side are slidably connected to the inner wall of the outer annular groove 2, and the two spring rods 312 at the top are in a compressed state. When the first baffle plate 122 and the second baffle plate 124 move, they will push the locking plates 311 to move, as shown in Figures 9 and 10. Taking the movement of the first baffle plate 122 towards the servo motor 15 as an example, it will push the locking plates 311 to move, and the locking plates 311 at the top will push the sliding gear 224 to move.

[0030] The lifting assembly 32 includes two inclined frames 321 fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the inner wall of the gearbox 13; the inner walls of the four inclined frames 321 are slidably connected to the outer walls of the four spring rods 312, and rollers 322 are rotatably connected to the side of the four spring rods 312 away from the spline shaft 221; wherein, the inclination direction of the two inclined frames 321 at the top is opposite to the inclination direction of the two inclined frames 321 at the bottom, and the inclination direction of the two inclined frames 321 on the left is opposite to the inclination direction of the two inclined frames 321 on the right. The movement of the locking plate 311 will drive the spring rods 312 and rollers 322 to move synchronously. When the rollers 322 move to the inclined position of the inclined frame 321, the bottom rollers 322 will be squeezed, pushing the bottom spring rods 312 and locking plate 311 to rise, so that the spring rods 312 accumulate rebound force, and the top rollers 322... 2 will separate from the inclined frame 321. At this time, since the top spring rod 312 is in a pre-compressed state, its rebound force will be released, pushing the top roller 322 to contact the inclined surface of the inclined frame 321, and driving the top locking plate 311 to rise. As the shift baffle 122 continues to move, the bottom locking plate 311 will move into the outer annular groove 2 of the sliding gear 224, and the top locking plate 311 will rise and separate from the sliding gear 224. This realizes that each time the gear is shifted, the locking plate 311 in contact with the sliding gear 224 is switched, reducing the contact time between the locking plate 311 and the sliding gear 224, thereby reducing the wear of the locking plate 311, effectively preventing the locking plate 311 from continuously contacting the rotating sliding gear 224, which can easily lead to rapid wear of the locking plate 311, thereby extending the service life of the shift baffle 122 and the shift baffle 224, and reducing the frequency of equipment maintenance.

[0031] The orientation of the above structures is based on Figure 1. The number of the above components is not limited. Those skilled in the art can set them freely according to actual needs, as long as the above components are installed at the corresponding component connection positions.

[0032] A specific application of this embodiment is as follows: When using this invention to bore a workpiece, the boring tool is installed inside the spindle 14. Then, the servo motor 15 is started to drive the input gear shaft 16 to rotate. Through its meshing with the output gear shaft 211, the output gear shaft 211, the first shift gear 212, and the second shift gear 213 rotate synchronously. The second shift gear 213 meshes with the first sliding gear 222, thereby driving the first sliding gear 222 and the first shift gear 223 to rotate synchronously. The first sliding gear 222 is circumferentially limited to the spline shaft 221 by the keyway on the outer wall of the spline shaft 221. The first sliding gear 222 will then drive the spline shaft 221 to rotate. When the spline shaft 221 rotates, it is circumferentially limited by the keyway on its outer wall. The servo motor 15 drives the sliding gear 224 and the shift gear 225 to rotate. The shift gear 225 meshes with the transmission gear 17, causing the transmission gear 17 and the main spindle 14 to rotate synchronously, which in turn drives the boring tool to rotate, performing boring operations on the workpiece. When rough boring is required, the servo motor 15 is stopped first, stopping the main spindle 14. Then, the cylinder 111 retracts, causing the sliding rod 121 to move towards the servo motor 15, which in turn moves the baffle plate 122. The baffle plate 122 pushes the sliding gear 224 and the shift gear 225 to move synchronously, disengaging the sliding gear 224 from the transmission gear 17 and allowing the shift gear 225 to mesh with the transmission gear 17. When gears 16 and 211 are engaged, the multi-stage gears mesh as follows: input gear shaft 16 meshes with output gear shaft 211; shift gear 213 meshes with sliding gear 222; and shift gear 225 meshes with gear 17. All three meshing pairs involve a small gear driving a large gear, as shown in Figure 5. This reduces the spindle speed 14 and simultaneously increases the output torque, meeting the heavy cutting requirements of rough boring. When fine boring is required, cylinder 112 is activated again to extend, pushing the shift baffle 122 and sliding gear 224 to move in the opposite direction, disengaging shift gear 225 from gear 17 and engaging sliding gear 224 with gear 18. Then, cylinder 112 is activated again. 2. Extend and push the sliding rod 123 and the baffle 124 to move away from the servo motor 15. The baffle 124 will push the sliding gear 222 to move, so that the sliding gear 222 separates from the conversion gear 213, and the conversion gear 212 meshes with the shift gear 223. At this time, the meshing mode between the multi-stage gears is as follows: the input gear shaft 16 meshes with the conversion gear 212, and the conversion gear 212 meshes with the shift gear 223, so that the large gear drives the small gear to rotate, realizing the first-stage speed increase. The sliding gear 224 meshes with the variable gear 18, so that the large gear drives the small gear to rotate, realizing the second-stage speed increase, as shown in Figures 6 and 7. The output speed of the spindle 14 is greatly increased by the two-stage speed increase, and the output torque is reduced at the same time, so as to meet the high-speed and low-vibration cutting requirements of precision boring.When drilling, tapping, or milling is required on the workpiece, the sliding gears 224 and 222 can be moved by the baffle plate 122 and baffle plate 124 respectively, which in turn drive the shift gears 225 and 223 to move synchronously, switching different gear meshing combinations to achieve multi-stage transmission ratio adjustment. This widens the speed range of the spindle 14, enabling it to cover multiple machining processes such as rough boring, fine boring, milling, drilling, and tapping. It allows for multi-process composite machining with a single workpiece clamping, effectively preventing the need for workpiece transfer between multiple machines and multiple clamping and alignment operations, thus solving the problem of low production efficiency caused by multiple machine transfers. The problem of large cumulative clamping errors and high scrap rate is addressed by improving processing efficiency and yield. Furthermore, the multi-stage cascaded gear structure effectively prevents problems such as excessive gear diameter differences and concentrated stress on the tooth surface caused by large single-stage transmission ratios, significantly reducing gear contact stress and bending stress, improving gear running stability, and consequently enhancing the stability of the spindle rotation. When the first baffle plate 122 and the second baffle plate 124 move, they push the locking plate 311 to move, as shown in Figures 9 and 10. Taking the movement of the first baffle plate 122 towards the servo motor 15 as an example, it pushes the locking plate 311 to move, and through the top locking plate 311… 11 will drive the sliding gear 224 to move, causing the spring rod 312 and roller 322 to move synchronously. When the roller 322 moves to the inclined surface of the inclined frame 321, the bottom roller 322 will be squeezed, pushing the bottom spring rod 312 and the locking plate 311 to rise, causing the spring rod 312 to accumulate rebound force. The top roller 322 will separate from the inclined frame 321. At this time, since the top spring rod 312 is in a pre-compressed state, its rebound force will be released, pushing the top roller 322 to contact the inclined surface of the inclined frame 321, causing the top locking plate 311 to rise; as the baffle plate 12 moves... As 2 continues to move, the bottom locking plate 311 moves into the outer annular groove of the sliding gear 224, while the top locking plate 311 rises and separates from the sliding gear 224. This allows the locking plate 311 that contacts the sliding gear 224 to switch each time the gear is shifted, reducing the contact time between the locking plate 311 and the sliding gear 224. This reduces the wear of the locking plate 311 and effectively prevents the locking plate 311 from continuously contacting the rotating sliding gear 224, which could easily lead to rapid wear of the locking plate 311. This extends the service life of the shift plate 122 and the shift plate 224 and reduces the frequency of equipment maintenance.When processing workpieces requiring frequent speed changes, the top and bottom engaging plates 311 automatically switch during each gear shift, causing the contact positions of the engaging plates 311 with the sliding gears 224 and 222 to frequently change. When the engaging plates 311 separate from the sliding gears 224 and 222, the friction on the engaging plates 311 disappears, allowing heat to dissipate quickly and providing sufficient cooling time for each engaging plate 311. This reduces heat concentration and effectively prevents the engaging plates 311 from continuously contacting the sliding gear 224, which would generate excessive heat due to high-frequency friction, leading to localized overheating and metal expansion. This would cause the engaging plates 311 to become too tightly fitted with the sliding gears 222 or 224, affecting high-speed gear rotation. This ensures that the gear shifting action remains precise and smooth even under high-frequency shifting conditions.

[0033] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-speed gearbox structure for a boring machining center, comprising a gearbox body (13), wherein a spindle (14) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox body (13), a servo motor (15) is fixedly connected to the right side of the outer wall of the gearbox body (13), and an input gear shaft (16) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox body (13); the left side of the output end of the servo motor (15) is fixedly connected to the right side of the input gear shaft (16), a first speed-changing gear (17) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the spindle (14), and a second speed-changing gear (18) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the spindle (14), characterized in that, Also includes: The main body (1) is fixedly installed on the right side of the outer wall of the gearbox (13); the gearbox (2) is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the gearbox (13); the push mechanism (3) is installed on the inner wall of the gearbox (13); in use, the input gear shaft (16) is driven to rotate by starting the servo motor (15), outputting power, thereby driving the gearbox (2) to rotate, and driving the main shaft (14) to rotate through the gearbox (2).

2. The high-speed gearbox structure of a boring machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body (1) includes: a drive assembly (11), which is fixedly disposed on the right side of the outer wall of the gearbox (13); and a toggle assembly (12), which is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox (13).

3. The high-speed gearbox structure of a boring machining center according to claim 2, characterized in that: The speed change mechanism (2) includes: a transmission assembly (21), which is rotatably disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox (13); and a shift assembly (22), which is rotatably disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox (13). When the input gear shaft (16) rotates, it will drive the transmission assembly (21) to rotate, thereby driving the shift assembly (22) to rotate. The shift assembly (22) drives the first gear (17) to rotate, thereby causing the main shaft (14) to rotate. When the input gear shaft (16) stops rotating, the drive assembly (11) pushes the shift assembly (12) to move, switching the speed of the main shaft (14).

4. The high-speed gearbox structure of a boring machining center according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pushing mechanism (3) includes: a locking component (31), which is slidably disposed on the outer wall of the actuating component (12); and a lifting component (32), which is fixedly disposed on the top and bottom of the inner wall of the gearbox body (13).

5. The high-speed gearbox structure of a boring machining center according to claim 4, characterized in that: The drive assembly (11) includes a cylinder 1 (111) fixedly connected to the right side of the outer wall of the gearbox (13), and a cylinder 2 (112) fixedly connected to the right side of the outer wall of the gearbox (13); the actuation assembly (12) includes a sliding rod 1 (121) slidably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox (13), the right side of the sliding rod 1 (121) is fixedly connected to the left side of the output end of the cylinder 1 (111), and a sliding rod 2 (123) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox (13); the right side of the sliding rod 2 (123) is fixedly connected to the left side of the output end of the cylinder 2 (112), and a deflector plate 1 (122) is provided on the inner wall of the gearbox (13), the inner wall of the deflector plate 1 (122) near the gear 2 (18) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding rod 1 (121).

6. The high-speed gearbox structure of a boring machining center according to claim 5, characterized in that: The actuation assembly (12) also includes a second actuation plate (124) disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox body (13). The inner wall of the first actuation plate (122) away from the second gear (18) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the second sliding rod (123). The inner wall of the second actuation plate (124) near the main shaft (14) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the first sliding rod (121). The inner wall of the second actuation plate (124) away from the main shaft (14) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second sliding rod (123). When the first starting cylinder (111) retracts, it will drive the first sliding rod (121) and the first actuation plate (122) to move toward the servo motor (15). When the second starting cylinder (112) extends, it will drive the second sliding rod (123) and the second actuation plate (124) to move away from the servo motor (15).

7. The high-speed gearbox structure of a boring machining center according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transmission assembly (21) includes an output gear shaft (211) rotatably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox (13), the outer wall of the output gear shaft (211) meshing with the outer wall of the input gear shaft (16); a first conversion gear (212) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the output gear shaft (211) on the side away from the servo motor (15), and a second conversion gear (213) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the output gear shaft (211) on the side close to the servo motor (15); the shifting assembly (22) includes a spline shaft (221) rotatably connected to the inner wall of the gearbox (13), and a first sliding gear (222) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the spline shaft (221) on the side close to the servo motor (15); the first sliding gear (222) is located away from the servo motor (15). One side of the input gear shaft (16) is fixedly connected to a shift gear (223). The outer wall of the spline shaft (221) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the conversion gear (213). The outer wall of the sliding gear (222) is meshed with the outer wall of the conversion gear (213). The outer wall of the shift gear (223) is meshed with the outer wall of the conversion gear (212). When the input gear shaft (16) rotates, it will drive the output gear shaft (211) to rotate, so that the conversion gear (212) and the conversion gear (213) rotate synchronously, thereby driving the sliding gear (222) and the shift gear (223) to rotate. The sliding gear (222) is circumferentially limited by the keyway of the spline shaft (221), thereby driving the spline shaft (221) to rotate.

8. The high-speed gearbox structure of a boring machining center according to claim 7, characterized in that: The shift assembly (22) further includes a sliding gear two (224) disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox body (13). The outer wall of the spline shaft (221) away from the servo motor (15) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sliding gear two (224). A shift gear two (225) is fixedly connected to the side of the sliding gear two (224) near the shift gear one (223). The outer wall of the spline shaft (221) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the shift gear two (225). An outer annular groove one is provided on the outer wall of the sliding gear one (222). The outer wall of the outer annular groove one is connected to the shift baffle two (124). The inner wall of the sliding gear (224) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the shift plate (122). The outer wall of the sliding gear (224) is provided with an outer annular groove. The outer wall of the outer annular groove is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the shift plate (122). The outer wall of the sliding gear (224) is meshed with the outer wall of the gear (18). The outer wall of the shift gear (225) is meshed with the outer wall of the gear (17). When the spline shaft (221) rotates, it is circumferentially limited by its keyway to drive the sliding gear (224) to rotate, thereby driving the gear (18) and the main shaft (14) to rotate.

9. The high-speed gearbox structure of a boring machining center according to claim 8, characterized in that: The engaging assembly (31) includes four engaging plates (311) disposed on the inner wall of the gearbox body (13). The inner walls of the two engaging plates (311) on the right side are slidably connected to the outer wall of the second deflector plate (124); the inner walls of the two engaging plates (311) on the left side are slidably connected to the outer wall of the first deflector plate (122). A spring rod (312) is fixedly connected to the side of each of the four engaging plates (311) away from the spline shaft (221). The outer walls of the two engaging plates (311) on the right side are slidably connected to the inner wall of the first outer annular groove, and the outer walls of the two engaging plates (311) on the left side are slidably connected to the inner wall of the second outer annular groove. The two spring rods (312) at the top are in a compressed state. When the first deflector plate (122) and the second deflector plate (124) move, they will push the engaging plates (311) and the spring rods (312) to move.

10. The high-speed gearbox structure of a boring machining center according to claim 9, characterized in that: The lifting assembly (32) includes two inclined frames (321) fixedly connected to the top and bottom of the inner wall of the gearbox (13); the inner walls of the four inclined frames (321) are slidably connected to the outer walls of the four spring rods (312), and the four spring rods (312) are rotatably connected to rollers (322) on the side away from the spline shaft (221); wherein, the inclination direction of the two inclined frames (321) at the top is opposite to the inclination direction of the two inclined frames (321) at the bottom, and the inclination direction of the two inclined frames (321) on the left is opposite to the inclination direction of the two inclined frames (321) on the right.

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